CN111418439A

CN111418439A - Method for preparing needle mushroom sticks from curcuma aromatica dregs and broiler feed

Info

Publication number: CN111418439A
Application number: CN202010187067.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐兵; 王丽贞; 吕新诚; 孙飞; 卢嘉敏
Original assignee: Changshu Institute of Technology
Current assignee: Changshu Institute of Technology
Priority date: 2020-03-17
Filing date: 2020-03-17
Publication date: 2020-07-17
Anticipated expiration: 2040-03-17
Also published as: CN111418439B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing needle mushroom sticks from curcuma aromatica dregs, which comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of curcuma aromatica dregs: drying the curcuma aromatica dregs; (2) activating strains: inoculating the needle mushroom slant, and putting the needle mushroom slant into a liquid culture medium for shake culture; (3) bioconversion of flammulina velutipes: putting liquid strains in the liquid culture medium into the medicine residues, and culturing the liquid strains to obtain a fungus bag after the bag is full; the broiler feed containing the flammulina velutipes fungus sticks comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-65 parts of soybean meal, 30-50 parts of bran, 2-6 parts of fish meal, 2-6 parts of bone meal, 0.5 part of multivitamin, 0.2 part of salt and 400 parts of bacteria stick; the feed can effectively regulate the digestive ability and the growth speed of the chickens, the growth speed of the fed chickens is 20-40% higher than that of the chickens fed by the conventional feed on average, and the disease rate of the fed chickens is reduced by 15-20%.

Description

Method for preparing needle mushroom sticks from curcuma aromatica dregs and broiler feed

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for preparing flammulina velutipes fungus sticks from curcuma aromatica dregs. The invention also relates to a broiler feed containing the flammulina velutipes fungus sticks.

Background

In recent years, the feed industry in China is rapidly developed (the total yield of the feed industry products in China is 878 ten thousand tons in 2003, and the product is the second in the world and is increased by 5.5 percent compared with the last year), but simultaneously, a plurality of problems are emerged:

1. with the constant emergence of various additives, the feed presents serious problems, such as: 1) the residual additive in the feed exceeds the national standard; 2) the feed additive has more metal residues and is a non-nutritional additive; improper use of antibiotics, etc.

2. China is a country with resource shortage on the whole and the resource destruction speed is high, so the feed resource shortage is a long-term problem.

Chickens are the most common poultry raised by human beings, and excellent varieties are the basis for raising high-quality broilers. The famous local varieties of colored feathers with thin skin, thin bones, plump muscles, delicious meat quality, strong stress resistance and medium and small body sizes are selected and cultured. The feed is an important factor influencing the meat quality, and various nutrient substances contained in the feed must be digested by chickens to be decomposed into simple substances so as to be easily absorbed and used by the metabolism of the chickens. When the chicken eats the feed, the chicken passes through the esophagus, the esophagus and the trachea are deviated to the right side, and the tube wall is thin and wide and is easy to expand. Before the esophagus enters the thorax, a swollen part called crop is formed, which can contract rhythmically and feed is sent to the stomach from the crop to be absorbed.

The chicken has good taste and rich nutrition. The chicken nutrient substances are mostly protein and fat, and the fat contains unsaturated fatty acid, so the chicken nutrient substances are better protein food for the old and patients with cardiovascular diseases, and are more suitable for being eaten as tonic by using chicken or chicken soup after illness or postpartum. The chicken industry in China has been developed for 40 years, poultry stably lives the first major animal protein in the world, and the yield and the dosage of the poultry continuously exceed pork for 4 years. With the arousal of health consciousness of residents and the acceleration of life rhythm, the low-fat and healthy chicken suitable for fast food cooking gradually replaces high-fat and high-cholesterol pork, and the space for replacing the pork by the chicken is increased. Therefore, the chicken has wide market prospect.

China is a big country for utilizing traditional Chinese medicines, the annual discharge amount of traditional Chinese medicine residues in China reaches 3000 million tons at present, enterprises in China generate more than 1000 million tons of traditional Chinese medicine residues every year, the quantity of the traditional Chinese medicine residues brought by the production of Chinese patent medicines is the largest and accounts for about 70% of the total quantity of the traditional Chinese medicine residues, and the traditional Chinese medicine enterprises need to invest a large amount of manpower and material resources every year to carry out harmless treatment on the traditional Chinese medicine residues. Through the analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine enterprise, a certain amount of nutrient components, mainly including crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, iron and magnesium, organic carbon and a small amount of vitamins, are also stored in the waste residues. The radix Curcumae has many sources, and its chemical components are different, and the root tuber of radix Curcumae mainly contains volatile oil (monoterpene such as camphene and camphor and other sesquiterpene components in oil), curcumin, turmerone, starch, fatty oil, etc. The curcuma aromatica dregs contain flavonoids (turmerone), the dregs are utilized to cultivate flammulina velutipes mycelium to prepare feed, and mycelium fermentation products also contain flavonoids. Chicken meat contains a large amount of fatty acids, and flavonoids can reduce cholesterol fatty acid level.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for preparing flammulina velutipes fungus sticks from curcuma aromatica residues, the fungus sticks prepared by the method are used for broiler feed, the problem of resource waste commonly existing in the traditional Chinese medicine industry at present is solved, and meanwhile, the immunity of broiler organisms can be enhanced, the metabolism is regulated, the growth is promoted, and the meat quality is improved.

In order to solve the technical problems, the method for preparing the flammulina velutipes fungus sticks by using the curcuma aromatica dregs comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreatment of curcuma aromatica dregs: drying the residue of radix Curcumae. Preferably, the turmeric root tuber dregs are dried by a microwave drying technology, and then the dregs are treated by a differential pressure puffing technology.

The turmeric root tuber dregs are dried by a microwave drying technology, so that the pollution of putrefying bacteria can be effectively prevented; the crushed medicine dregs are treated by a differential pressure puffing technology, so that gaps are generated in the dried medicine dregs, and hypha growth and medicinal components are favorably separated out. The traditional Chinese medicine dregs are generally wet materials, are extremely easy to rot and smelly, are subjected to microwave drying (6000W, single-layer tiling and half an hour of treatment) in the treatment process, are short in time, can effectively control the pollution of putrefying bacteria, but in the drying process, the organizational structure of the dregs is changed, becomes compact and has hardened surfaces, which are not beneficial to the taking of flammulina velutipes hyphae, then the dried dregs are subjected to differential pressure puffing operation, after the dregs enter a puffing cavity, the materials are extruded, rubbed, sheared and the like between screw thread sleeves, the internal pressure of the materials is continuously increased, the maximum pressure is 4MPa, and the temperature is continuously increased, for example, the maximum temperature can reach 140 ℃. The rapid rise of temperature and pressure in a short time (such as 3-7s) causes the change of the tissue structure of the dregs of decoction, and the destruction of coarse fibers. The high-temperature and high-pressure materials are discharged from the discharge port, the pressure of the materials is suddenly released instantly, partial flash evaporation is carried out on moisture, the cooled medicine residues are in a loose and porous structure, needle mushroom hypha can enter the medicine residues along gaps to grow and fully transform the medicine residues, and after the medicine residues are puffed by pressure difference, the residual medicinal components are more easily separated out due to the change of the tissue structure.

(2) Activating strains: inoculating the needle mushroom slant, and placing into a liquid culture medium for shake culture.

(3) Bioconversion of flammulina velutipes: and putting liquid strains in the liquid culture medium into the medicine residues, bagging for culture, and obtaining the fungus bags after the bags are fully cultured. Preferably, the mass ratio of the liquid spawn to the dreg culture medium is 3:7, and the fungus stick is obtained 25 days after the bag is full.

The broiler feed containing the fungus sticks obtained by the method comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-65 parts of soybean meal, 30-50 parts of bran, 2-6 parts of fish meal, 2-6 parts of bone meal, 0.5 part of multivitamin, 0.2 part of salt and 400 parts of bacteria stick, and preferably: 45 parts of soybean meal, 30 parts of bran, 2 parts of fish meal, 2 parts of bone meal, 0.5 part of multivitamin, 0.2 part of salt and 250 parts of mushroom sticks.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the broiler feed disclosed by the invention is reasonable in formula and low in cost, improves the immunity, increases the content of chicken protein, and has the effects of preventing diseases and promoting growth. The feed can effectively regulate the digestive ability and the growth speed of the chickens, the growth speed of the fed chickens is 20-40% higher than that of the chickens fed by the conventional feed on average, and the disease rate of the fed chickens is reduced by 15-20%.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The broiler feed with the golden mushroom converted into the curcuma aromatica dregs comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65 parts of soybean meal, 50 parts of bran, 3 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of bone meal, 0.5 part of multivitamin, 0.5 part of salt and 400 parts of mushroom sticks.

The fungus stick is obtained by the following steps:

(1) pretreatment of curcuma aromatica dregs: drying radix Curcumae residue with 6000W microwave for 30min, and puffing the dried residue under pressure difference: after the dregs of a decoction enter the puffing cavity, the materials are extruded, rubbed, sheared and the like between screw sleeves, the internal pressure of the materials is continuously increased to 4Mpa at most, and the temperature is continuously increased to 140 ℃ at most. The temperature and pressure rise rapidly within 3-7s, the texture of the dregs of decoction changes, and the crude fiber is destroyed. The high-temperature and high-pressure materials are discharged from the discharge hole, the pressure of the materials is suddenly released instantly, partial water is subjected to flash evaporation, and the cooled medicine residues are in a loose and porous structure.

(3) Bioconversion of flammulina velutipes: putting liquid strains in the liquid culture medium into the medicine residues, wherein the mass ratio of the liquid strains to the medicine residues is 3:7, bagging and culturing, and compounding the feed after the liquid strains and the medicine residues are fully filled for 25 days. (during preparation, small amount of radix Curcumae residue can be added into feed, and pulverized to 4mm, or digested after chicken eat)

Example 2

As in example 1, with the following differences: 45 parts of soybean meal, 30 parts of bran, 2 parts of fish meal, 2 parts of bone meal, 0.2 part of multivitamin, 0.2 part of salt and 250 parts of mushroom sticks.

Example 3

As in example 1, with the following differences: 50 parts of soybean meal, 35 parts of bran, 3 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of bone meal, 0.3 part of multivitamin, 0.3 part of salt and 200 parts of fungus stick

Example 4

Same as in example 1, with the difference: 50 parts of soybean meal, 40 parts of bran, 4 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of bone meal, 0.4 part of multivitamin, 0.4 part of salt and 270 parts of mushroom stick

Example 5

Same as in example 1, with the difference: 60 parts of soybean meal, 45 parts of bran, 5 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of bone meal, 0.5 part of multivitamin, 0.5 part of salt and 300 parts of mushroom sticks.

Comparative example 1

The broiler feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65 parts of soybean meal, 50 parts of bran, 6 parts of fish meal, 6 parts of bone meal, 0.5 part of multivitamin, 0.5 part of salt and 170 parts of corncobs (cottonseed seeds).

Comparative example 2

The broiler feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90 parts of soybean meal, 60 parts of bran, 5 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of bone meal, 0.2 part of multivitamin, 0.2 part of salt and 90 parts of corncobs (cottonseed seeds).

Comparative example 3

The broiler feed with the golden mushroom converted into the curcuma aromatica dregs comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of soybean meal, 30 parts of bran, 5 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of bone meal, 0.2 part of multivitamin, 0.2 part of salt and 400 parts of mushroom sticks.

The fungus stick is obtained by the following steps:

(3) Bioconversion of flammulina velutipes: putting liquid strains in the liquid culture medium into the medicine residues, wherein the mass ratio of the liquid strains to the medicine residues is 3:7, bagging and culturing, and compounding the feed after the liquid strains and the medicine residues are fully filled for 5 days. (during preparation, small amount of radix Curcumae residue can be added into feed, and pulverized to 4mm, or digested after chicken eat)

Comparative example 4

The broiler feed with the golden mushroom converted into the curcuma aromatica dregs comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65 parts of soybean meal, 50 parts of bran, 6 parts of fish meal, 6 parts of bone meal, 0.6 part of multivitamin, 0.6 part of salt and 400 parts of mushroom sticks.

The fungus stick is obtained by the following steps:

(3) Bioconversion of flammulina velutipes: putting liquid strains in the liquid culture medium into the medicine residues, wherein the mass ratio of the liquid strains to the medicine residues is 3:7, bagging and culturing, and compounding the feed after the liquid strains and the medicine residues are fully filled for 15 days. (in the preparation process, a small amount of radix Curcumae dregs can be added into the feed, the radix Curcumae dregs are nontoxic and are crushed to 4mm, and the feed can be digested after being eaten by chickens).

Comparative example 5

Same as in example 1, with the difference: drying radix Curcumae residue by microwave drying technique without applying pressure difference puffing technique.

In the above examples and comparative examples, the nutrient components of the feed obtained are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 nutrient content comparison table

	Crude protein (%)	Calcium (%)	Phosphorus (%)
				Example 1	13.2	0.57	0.27
Example 2	12.5	0.48	0.24
				Example 3	12.9	0.47	0.22
Example 4	12.6	0.43	0.15
				Example 5	13	0.47	0.26
Comparative example 1	7.4	0.43	0.12
				Comparative example 2	6.4	0.23	0.14
Comparative example 3	10.3	0.39	0.23
				Comparative example 4	10.7	0.42	0.21
Comparative example 5	12.1	0.43	0.21

As can be seen from the above Table 1, the ratio of crude protein was significantly higher in examples 1 to 5 than in comparative examples 1 and 2, indicating that the feed of the present invention is superior to the conventional feed. The proportion of crude protein in examples 1-5 was also significantly higher than in comparative examples 3, 4, indicating that the formulation of the feed was optimal 25 days after filling the bag. The proportion of crude protein in example 1 is obviously higher than that in comparative example 5, which shows that the differential pressure puffing technology treatment after microwave drying is favorable for hypha growth and medicinal component precipitation.

The chickens were fed with the feeds prepared according to the formulas of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 2 for three months, and then the difference in growth and disease (feeding for 120 days) of the chickens fed with the different chicken feeds was observed.

TABLE 2 statistical Table of growth rates

As can be seen from table 2 above: the growth rate of the feed-fed chickens of examples 1-5 was 10-30% higher than that of the feed-fed chickens of comparative examples 1-2.

Through statistics, the disease rate of the chickens fed with the feed in the examples 1 to 5 is 12 to 16 percent lower than that of the chickens fed with the feed in the comparative examples 1 to 2.

According to research, the chickens are animals without teeth, the feed particle sizes are different in the feed preparation process, the chicken is 4mm, the middle chicken and adult chicken are 6mm and 8mm, and the different particle sizes can directly influence the digestion and utilization rate of the chickens on the feed. Gravel can be supplemented after 1 month of age of the chickens, the utilization rate of the feed can be improved, and the gravel can account for 0.5-1.0% of the mixture.

In ordinary feed, the cost of the kapok seeds is high, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are needed. The fish meal has high price and contains high-quality protein, so the fish meal is selected in experiments, and a proper amount of the fish meal can be added into the chick feed in consideration of comprehensive factors. Fish meal must not be added in too much, which can lead to microbial contamination.

The above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The method for preparing the flammulina velutipes fungus sticks from the curcuma aromatica dregs is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) pretreatment of curcuma aromatica dregs: drying the curcuma aromatica dregs;

(2) activating strains: inoculating the needle mushroom slant, and putting the needle mushroom slant into a liquid culture medium for shake culture;

(3) bioconversion of flammulina velutipes: and putting liquid strains in the liquid culture medium into the medicine residues, bagging for culture, and obtaining the fungus sticks after the bags are fully cultured.

2. The method for preparing the flammulina velutipes mushroom sticks from the curcuma aromatica dregs according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the curcuma aromatica dregs are dried by a microwave drying technology, and then the dregs are treated by a pressure difference puffing technology.

3. The method for preparing the flammulina velutipes mushroom sticks from the curcuma aromatica dregs according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the mass ratio of the liquid strains to the dreg culture medium is 3: 7.

4. The method for preparing the flammulina velutipes mushroom sticks from the curcuma aromatica dregs according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the mushroom bags are obtained after the bags are filled for 25 days.

5. The broiler feed containing the bacterial stick obtained by the method of any one of claims 1-4, characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 45-65 parts of soybean meal, 30-50 parts of bran, 2-6 parts of fish meal, 2-6 parts of bone meal, 0.5 part of multivitamin, 0.2 part of salt and 400 parts of bacteria stick 250-.

6. The broiler feed of claim 5, characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of soybean meal, 30 parts of bran, 2 parts of fish meal, 2 parts of bone meal, 0.5 part of multivitamin, 0.2 part of salt and 250 parts of mushroom sticks.