CN111415366A - Horizontal ground direct-radiation scattering irradiation calculation method based on foundation cloud chart - Google Patents

Horizontal ground direct-radiation scattering irradiation calculation method based on foundation cloud chart Download PDF

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CN111415366A
CN111415366A CN202010185237.7A CN202010185237A CN111415366A CN 111415366 A CN111415366 A CN 111415366A CN 202010185237 A CN202010185237 A CN 202010185237A CN 111415366 A CN111415366 A CN 111415366A
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point
irradiation
sky
image
direct
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祝曾伟
张臻
张起源
徐国安
邵玺
张菲
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
Changzhou Campus of Hohai University
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
Changzhou Campus of Hohai University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
    • G06T7/136—Segmentation; Edge detection involving thresholding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/90—Determination of colour characteristics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J2001/4266—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors for measuring solar light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J2001/4266—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors for measuring solar light
    • G01J2001/428—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors for measuring solar light for sunlight scattered by atmosphere

Abstract

The invention discloses a horizontal ground direct-radiation scattering irradiation calculation method based on a foundation cloud chart, which relates to the technical field of solar irradiation and photovoltaic power generation and comprises the following steps: s1, building a foundation cloud picture collecting system, shooting all-sky images at a certain moment and collecting total horizontal ground irradiation at the same moment; s2, taking each pixel point in the all-sky image as a point light source, and calculating the irradiation intensity of the point light source; s3, dividing a direct solar region and a sky scattering region in the whole sky image; s4, integrating the point light source irradiation intensity values of the two areas respectively, and calculating to obtain the direct irradiation and the scattering irradiation at the moment.

Description

Horizontal ground direct-radiation scattering irradiation calculation method based on foundation cloud chart
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar irradiation and photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a horizontal ground direct-radiation scattering irradiation calculation method based on a foundation cloud picture.
Background
With the wide application of solar power generation, solar radiation analysis becomes a crucial factor influencing power generation prediction of a photovoltaic module, photovoltaic fault evaluation, research and development design of a concentrating heat collector, building heat load calculation and the like, and the defects of low precision, high cost and the like exist in a traditional mode of obtaining direct radiation and scattering radiation quantity through an empirical formula or a direct measurement instrument.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a horizontal ground direct scattering irradiation calculation method based on a foundation cloud picture, which combines the analysis of an all-sky image and has certain advantages in precision or cost compared with the traditional mode of acquiring direct scattering irradiation through an empirical equation or a direct measurement instrument.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a horizontal ground direct scattering irradiation calculation method based on a foundation cloud picture comprises the following steps:
s1, building a foundation cloud picture collecting system, shooting all-sky images at a certain moment and collecting total horizontal ground irradiation at the same moment;
s2, taking each pixel point in the all-sky image as a point light source, and calculating the irradiation intensity of the point light source;
s3, dividing a direct solar region and a sky scattering region in the whole sky image;
and S4, respectively integrating the point light source irradiation intensity values of the two areas, and calculating to obtain the direct irradiation and the scattered irradiation at the moment.
Preferably, in S1, the ground-based cloud image collecting system includes a cloud image collector and an irradiation collector, the cloud image collector is used to shoot a sky cloud image at a certain time, and the irradiation collector is used to collect real-time horizontal ground total irradiation.
Preferably, in S1, the full sky image in RGB form captured by the cloud image capture device is converted into an HSV image by a conversion method between an RGB image and an HSV image;
the conversion formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002413951860000021
Figure BDA0002413951860000022
V＝max；
in the formula: r, G, B are real numbers of the interval [0,1 ]; max is the maximum value of the component; min is the minimum value of the components; h is the angle value and S, V is the real number of the interval [0,1 ].
Preferably, in S2, the direct irradiation intensity of the point light source is calculated based on the brightness ratio, the incident angle of the point light source is introduced, and the horizontal irradiation intensity of the point light source is calculated.
Preferably, the shot all-sky image has num pixel points, and the digital features of the ith pixel point are Hi, Si, Vi, where the V value in the HSV image represents a brightness value, and then the average brightness value of all pixel points of the image is:
Figure BDA0002413951860000023
the ratio of the lightness value of the ith point to the average lightness value is:
Figure BDA0002413951860000031
in the formula: vave is the average brightness value of all pixel points of the whole image; vi is the brightness value of the ith pixel point; k is a radical ofiAs the brightness value and average of the ith pointRatio of brightness values.
Preferably, the formula (S1 is used to calculate the average irradiation intensity generated by each pixel point in the image:
Figure BDA0002413951860000032
(S1
calculating the direct irradiation intensity of the ith point light source in the image by adopting a formula (2):
Figure BDA0002413951860000033
(2)
in the formula: PIXaveAverage irradiation intensity generated for each pixel point; g is total irradiation intensity; eiThe irradiation intensity of the direct light of the ith point light source in the image.
Preferably, an XYZ hemispherical coordinate system is established, the Z axis is perpendicular to the horizontal ground and points to the sky, and then the coordinates of a point P at any position in the sky in the hemispherical coordinate system are:
(X,Y,Z)＝(R cosαcos(90-β),R cosαsin(90-β),R sinα)
the coordinates (X) of a point P' in the XOY plane are knownP’,YP’) Projected from the point P coordinates, we can obtain:
(XP',YP')＝(R cosαcos(90-β),R cosαsin(90-β))
the altitude α and azimuth β of point P are:
Figure BDA0002413951860000034
Figure BDA0002413951860000035
the incident angle of the point light source at point P with respect to point O is (90- α), and the horizontal irradiance produced by the ith point light source in the image is represented as Eiα＝Ei·cos(90-αi)
Wherein α and β are respectively the height angle and the azimuth angle of the point in the coordinate system, EiαThe horizontal irradiance of the point to be measured when the height angle is α.
Preferably, in S3, a threshold segmentation method is used to divide the whole sky region in the image into a direct solar region and a scattered sky region, and the direct solar region and the scattered sky region are segmented by observing a gray histogram or finding an optimal threshold segmentation point by a programming iteration method.
Preferably, assuming that the divided direct solar radiation area has m point light sources, the irradiation intensity of the direct solar radiation area is calculated by the formula (3):
Ejα＝PIXave·kj
(3)
setting n point light sources in the segmented sky scattering region, and calculating the irradiation intensity of the solar scattering region by adopting a formula (4):
Ekα＝PIXave·kk
(4)
in the formula: kj is the ratio of the brightness value of the jth point to the average brightness value; k is a radical ofkThe ratio of the brightness value of the kth point to the average brightness value; ejαThe irradiation intensity of the j point light source; ekαThe irradiation intensity of the kth pixel point.
Preferably, the irradiation intensity E is in the direct solar radiation areajαCalculating to obtain direct solar radiation intensity B by accumulationH：
Figure BDA0002413951860000041
Irradiation intensity E to sky scattering regionkαCalculating the direct solar radiation intensity D by accumulationH：
Figure BDA0002413951860000051
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the calculation of direct radiation and scattered radiation, the method combines the analysis of the whole sky image, and has certain advantages in precision or cost compared with the traditional mode of obtaining the direct radiation and scattered radiation through an empirical equation or a direct measuring instrument.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal ground direct scattering irradiation calculation technique route based on a ground-based cloud chart according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an XYZ hemispherical coordinate system;
FIG. 3 is a view of a sky image taken with a ground based cloud image acquisition system under cloudy conditions;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a result of separating a direct scattering region of an all-sky image under a cloudy condition;
fig. 5 is an all-sky HSV image in a cloudy condition.
Detailed Description
The method comprises the steps of building a foundation cloud picture collection system, shooting an all-sky image and horizontal total irradiation in real time, taking pixel points in the image as point light sources, extracting brightness information of the point light sources, calculating irradiation intensity of the point light sources, introducing incident angles of the point light sources, calculating horizontal irradiation intensity of the point light sources to the calculated points, dividing a direct solar irradiation area and a sky scattering area in the all-sky image through a threshold segmentation method, and accumulating the point light sources in different areas, so that direct irradiation and scattering irradiation are calculated.
Referring to fig. 1, the specific implementation process of the present invention comprises the following steps:
s1, building a foundation cloud picture collector system, shooting all-sky images and collecting horizontal total irradiation, wherein the concrete process is as follows:
the ground cloud picture collector system comprises a cloud picture collector and an irradiation collector, wherein the cloud picture collector is used for shooting a sky cloud picture, a lens used by the cloud picture collector is a hemispherical fisheye lens, and the irradiation collector is used for collecting real-time horizontal total irradiation and collecting and storing the real-time horizontal total irradiation at certain time intervals;
converting the RGB form of the whole sky image into an HSV form, and the specific process is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps of converting an RGB format all-sky image shot by a foundation cloud picture collector into an HSV image according to a conversion mode between the RGB image and the HSV image, wherein the conversion mode is as follows:
unitizing the component corresponding to R, G, B to a real number in an interval [0,1], and making max be a maximum value of the component and min be a minimum value of the component; h is an angle value, S, V is a real number of an interval [0,1], and the specific conversion formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002413951860000061
Figure BDA0002413951860000062
V＝max
s2, taking each pixel point as a point light source, and calculating the direct irradiation intensity of the point light source based on the lightness ratio, wherein the specific process is as follows:
setting the total num pixel points of the shot all-sky image, and setting the digital characteristic of the ith pixel point as Hi、Si、ViAnd wherein, the value of V in the HSV image represents lightness, and the average brightness value of all pixel points of the image is as follows:
Figure BDA0002413951860000063
in the formula: vaveThe average brightness value, V, of all pixel points of the whole imageiThe lightness value of the ith pixel point;
let the scaling factor k be the ratio of the luminance value to the average luminance value of each point, then:
Figure BDA0002413951860000071
in the formula, KiThe ratio of the brightness value of the ith point to the average brightness value;
in the case that the total irradiation intensity G has been measured in step S1, the average irradiation intensity generated by each pixel point in the image is:
Figure BDA0002413951860000072
in the formula, PIXaveAverage irradiation intensity generated for each pixel point;
the full-sky image is shot by a hemispherical fisheye lens, the distances between each point light source and a point to be measured are equal, so that the irradiation intensity and the brightness of the point light source are considered to be positively correlated, the brightness represents the brightness degree of the color, for the color of the light source, the brightness value is related to the brightness of a luminous body, and the irradiation intensity of the direct irradiation of the ith point light source in the image is represented as follows:
Figure BDA0002413951860000073
introducing a point light source incidence angle, and calculating the horizontal irradiation intensity of the point light source, wherein the specific process is as follows:
an XYZ hemispherical coordinate system as shown in fig. 2 is established, the Z axis is vertical to the horizontal ground and points to the sky, and then the coordinates of a point P at any position in the sky in the hemispherical coordinate system are:
(X,Y,Z)＝(R cosαcos(90-β),R cosαsin(90-β),R sinα)
α and β are respectively the elevation angle and the azimuth angle of the point in the coordinate system, wherein the elevation angle α is the angle between the line OP of the point P and the origin O and the XOY plane, and the azimuth angle β is the angle between the projection of the OP on the horizontal plane and the clockwise direction of the Y direction;
in the fisheye image, the coordinates (X) of point P' in the XOY plane are knownP’,YP’) From the projection of the coordinates of the point P, it can be known that:
(XP',YP')＝(R cosαcos(90-β),R cosαsin(90-β))
the altitude α and azimuth β of point P can be found as:
Figure BDA0002413951860000081
Figure BDA0002413951860000082
the incident angle of the point light source at point P with respect to point O is (90- α), then the horizontal irradiance produced by the ith point light source in the image is expressed as:
Eiα＝Ei·cos(90-αi)
in the formula, EiαThe horizontal irradiance of a point to be measured when the height angle is α;
s3, dividing a direct solar region and a sky scattering region in the whole sky image by adopting a threshold segmentation method, wherein the specific process is as follows:
dividing a whole sky area in an image into a direct solar area and a sky scattering area by adopting a threshold segmentation method, and finding an optimal threshold segmentation point by observing a gray histogram or a programming iteration method to segment the direct solar area and the sky scattering area;
setting m point light sources in the divided direct solar radiation area, the irradiation intensity E of the j point light source in the direct solar radiation areajαExpressed as: ejα＝PIXave·kjIn the formula, kjThe ratio of the brightness value of the jth point to the average brightness value;
similarly, if the segmented sky scattering area has n point light sources, the irradiation intensity E of the kth pixel point in the sky scattering areakαExpressed as: ekα＝PIXave·kkIn the formula, kkThe ratio of the brightness value of the kth point to the average brightness value;
s4, performing regional integration on the irradiation intensity of the point light source, and calculating direct scattering irradiation, wherein the specific process is as follows:
intensity of irradiation on direct solar radiation region EjαCalculating to obtain direct solar radiation intensity B by accumulationH：
Figure BDA0002413951860000083
Irradiation intensity E to sky scattering regionkαCalculating by adding up to obtain sun blockIntensity of irradiation DH：
Figure BDA0002413951860000091
Examples
In order to verify the accuracy of the model, in 2019, 5, 14 days, a self-built foundation cloud picture acquisition instrument system is used for acquiring an all-sky image and horizontal plane sun total irradiation, wherein a fisheye camera acquires the all-sky image, the horizontal plane sun total irradiation is acquired by a thermopile radiometer, and the acquisition time point is the same as the shooting time point of the fisheye camera.
During collection, the foundation cloud picture collector system is placed on a level without sundries around the open space, the level meter of the fisheye camera ensures that the ground cloud picture collector system is located at a horizontal position, and the ground cloud picture collector system is arranged at 16 times of Beijing: 11: 10 shooting an all-sky image and collecting the total sun irradiation of a horizontal plane to obtain an all-sky image under a cloudy condition, as shown in fig. 3.
In cloudy conditions, the sun is partially shaded, or the cloud is of a smaller thickness, and there are areas of intense light that should be treated as direct solar radiation, at which time the total irradiance, neglecting ground reflected radiation, is composed of two parts, scattered radiation from the sky and direct radiation from the sun and near the sun.
Calculating the average lightness of the point light sources:
Figure BDA0002413951860000092
calculating the average irradiation intensity of the point light source:
Figure BDA0002413951860000093
intensity of irradiation on direct solar radiation region EjαCalculating to obtain direct solar radiation intensity B by accumulationH：
Figure BDA0002413951860000101
Irradiation intensity E to sky scattering regionkαCalculating the direct solar radiation intensity D by accumulationH：
Figure BDA0002413951860000102

Claims (10)

1. A horizontal ground direct-radiation scattering irradiation calculation method based on a foundation cloud picture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, building a foundation cloud picture collecting system, shooting all-sky images at a certain moment and collecting total horizontal ground irradiation at the same moment;
s2, taking each pixel point in the all-sky image as a point light source, and calculating the irradiation intensity of the point light source;
s3, dividing a direct solar region and a sky scattering region in the whole sky image;
and S4, respectively integrating the point light source irradiation intensity values of the two areas, and calculating to obtain the direct irradiation and the scattered irradiation at the moment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the ground-based cloud cover acquisition system comprises a cloud cover acquisition instrument and an irradiation acquisition instrument, the cloud cover acquisition instrument is used for capturing a sky cloud cover at a certain time, and the irradiation acquisition instrument is used for acquiring real-time horizontal ground total irradiation.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the cloud image capturing device captures an RGB-type all-sky image, and the RGB-type all-sky image is converted into an HSV image by converting RGB image and HSV image;
the conversion formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002413951850000021
Figure FDA0002413951850000022
V＝max；
in the formula: r, G, B are real numbers of the interval [0,1 ]; max is the maximum value of the component; min is the minimum value of the components; h is the angle value and S, V is the real number of the interval [0,1 ].
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the direct irradiation intensity of the point light source is calculated based on the brightness ratio, the incident angle of the point light source is introduced, and the horizontal irradiation intensity of the point light source is calculated.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the captured all-sky image has num pixels, and the digital features of the ith pixel are Hi, Si and Vi, wherein the value V in the HSV image represents a brightness value, and the average brightness value of all pixels in the image is:
Figure FDA0002413951850000023
the ratio of the lightness value of the ith point to the average lightness value is:
Figure FDA0002413951850000024
in the formula: vave is the average brightness value of all pixel points of the whole image; vi is the brightness value of the ith pixel point; k is a radical ofiIs the ratio of the lightness value of the ith point to the average lightness value.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the average irradiation intensity generated by each pixel point in the image is calculated by using a formula (S1:
Figure FDA0002413951850000031
calculating the direct irradiation intensity of the ith point light source in the image by adopting a formula (2):
Figure FDA0002413951850000032
in the formula: PIXaveAverage irradiation intensity generated for each pixel point; g is total irradiation intensity; eiThe irradiation intensity of the direct light of the ith point light source in the image.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein an XYZ hemispherical coordinate system is established, the Z axis is perpendicular to the horizontal ground and points towards the sky, and the coordinates of a point P at any position in the sky in the hemispherical coordinate system are:
(X,Y,Z)＝(Rcosαcos(90-β),Rcosαsin(90-β),Rsinα)
the coordinates (X) of a point P' in the XOY plane are knownP’,YP’) Projected from the point P coordinates, we can obtain:
(XP',YP')＝(Rcosαcos(90-β),Rcosαsin(90-β))
the altitude α and azimuth β of point P are:
Figure FDA0002413951850000033
Figure FDA0002413951850000034
the incident angle of the point light source at point P with respect to point O is (90 deg. - α), the imageThe horizontal irradiation intensity generated by the ith point light source is expressed as: eiα＝Ei·cos(90-αi)
Wherein α and β are respectively the height angle and the azimuth angle of the point in the coordinate system, EiαThe horizontal irradiance of the point to be measured when the height angle is α.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein in step S3, a threshold segmentation method is used to divide the whole sky region in the image into a direct solar region and a scattered sky region, and the direct solar region and the scattered sky region are segmented by observing a histogram of gray levels or finding an optimal threshold segmentation point by a programmed iteration method.
9. The method for calculating the direct scattering irradiation of the horizontal ground based on the ground-based cloud picture according to claim 8, wherein the divided direct solar area is set to have m point light sources, and the irradiation intensity of the direct solar area is calculated by the formula (3):
Ejα＝PIXave·kj(3)
setting n point light sources in the segmented sky scattering region, and calculating the irradiation intensity of the solar scattering region by adopting a formula (4):
Ekα＝PIXave·kk(4)
in the formula: kj is the ratio of the brightness value of the jth point to the average brightness value; k is a radical ofkThe ratio of the brightness value of the kth point to the average brightness value; ejαThe irradiation intensity of the j point light source; ekαThe irradiation intensity of the kth pixel point.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the ground-based cloud cover-based horizontal ground direct scattering irradiation calculation method,
intensity of irradiation on direct solar radiation region EjαCalculating to obtain direct solar radiation intensity B by accumulationH：
Figure FDA0002413951850000041
Irradiation intensity E to sky scattering regionkαCalculating the direct solar radiation intensity D by accumulationH：
Figure FDA0002413951850000042
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102692271A (en) * 2012-06-14 2012-09-26 中国气象科学研究院 Sky visible light images based direct solar radiation intensity measurement method and device
US20140083413A1 (en) * 2012-09-24 2014-03-27 Brightsource Industries (Israel) Ltd. Method and apparatus for mapping cloud shading on the ground in a large area
CN108986076A (en) * 2018-06-15 2018-12-11 重庆大学 A kind of photovoltaic array hot spot detection method based on PSO optimization PCNN

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