CN111413362A - Forest lightning stroke ignition and spreading simulation device and simulation method - Google Patents
Forest lightning stroke ignition and spreading simulation device and simulation method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 208000025274 Lightning injury Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- APTZNLHMIGJTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraflufen-ethyl Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OCC(=O)OCC)=CC(C=2C(=C(OC(F)F)N(C)N=2)Cl)=C1F APTZNLHMIGJTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forest lightning stroke ignition and spreading simulation device, which comprises a main body experiment box, wherein an air conditioner for adjusting air inlet temperature, humidity and air quantity is arranged on one side of the main body experiment box, and an exhaust pipe is arranged on the other side of the main body experiment box; the bottom in the main body experiment box is provided with a fuel bed, the fuel bed is laid on the electrode, the top in the main body experiment box is provided with a lightning rod, and the electrode and the lightning rod are both connected with the impulse current generator. The device also comprises an air inlet shutter, a rain simulator, a heat radiation lamp, an ultraviolet lamp, a carbon monoxide concentration detector, a high-speed camera and the like. The invention can provide different humiture, rainfall, wind speed, wind direction, heat radiation and ozone amount, and can simulate the influence of different mountain trends on the ignition and spread of lightning stroke. The method has the advantages of low cost, high safety, strong repeatability and environment simulation which is more in line with the natural lightning stroke process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lightning stroke simulation research, in particular to a forest lightning stroke ignition and spread simulation device and a simulation method.
Background
The forest lightning stroke fire is an important way for naturally interfering the forest ecosystem, and has the characteristics of strong randomness and concurrency, high difficulty in putting out a fire and the like. Lightning strikes account for a significant proportion of forest fires, both in terms of fire times and fire areas. Taking China as an example, lightning strike fire is mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of Xinjiang Altai, Henrebel and inner Mongolia, and is most concentrated in the mountainous areas of great Xinjiang. In recent years, with global warming, extreme weather and climate events such as high temperature in summer, dry and early days and the like in forest regions are in a trend of increasing obviously, and forest lightning stroke fires in summer in the forest regions are in a situation of rising year by year due to warming and drying of the climate.
In view of the damage of lightning strike fire to forestry production and ecological construction, the research on the lightning strike fire in all countries is very important, and the research is mainly carried out from two aspects of influencing factors and fire risk prediction. However, the lightning strike fire research relates to multiple disciplines and strong crossability, and the research angles in different fields are greatly different. At present, the lightning stroke fire behavior mechanism is rarely researched, and the experimental means and theoretical support are mostly established on the achievements of 70 and 80 years in the 20 th century.
The previous researches find that the lightning strike ignition cannot form fire spreading, and most lightning strikes only cause the combustible to be instantly ignited and then naturally extinguished; only a small portion of the ignited combustibles will sustain combustion and eventually form a fire. At present, devices for simulating the ignition process of lightning stroke and the fire spreading process are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a forest lightning stroke ignition and spreading simulation device and a simulation method.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a forest lightning stroke ignition and spreading simulation device comprises a main body experiment box, wherein an air conditioner for adjusting air inlet temperature, humidity and air quantity is arranged on one side of the main body experiment box, and an exhaust pipe is arranged on the other side of the main body experiment box; the bottom in the main body experiment box is provided with a fuel bed, the fuel bed is laid on the electrode, the top in the main body experiment box is provided with a lightning rod, and the electrode and the lightning rod are both connected with the impulse current generator. The invention utilizes the impulse current generator to provide current for the electrode and the lightning guide needle, lightning stroke can be formed between the electrode and the lightning guide needle, and the fuel bed can carry out lightning stroke simulation experiments under different air inlet temperature, humidity and air quantity.
Preferably, the lightning conductor is arranged in a sleeve, and the position of the lightning conductor in the sleeve is adjustable. Thereby the distance between the lightning guide needle and the fuel bed can be adjusted, and the replacement of the lightning guide needle after ablation is convenient.
Furthermore, the sleeve is made of thermosetting insulating plastic. The material is convenient for forming threads and the like so as to be convenient for fixing the lightning rod.
Preferably, an air inlet shutter for adjusting the air direction is arranged between the air conditioner and the main body experiment box.
Preferably, the top in the main body experiment box is also provided with a rain simulation device, the rain simulation device comprises a spray head and flow control valves, the spray head is uniformly distributed in the top area, the flow control valves are arranged on the spray head and an external water tank connecting pipeline, and the bottom in the main body experiment box is provided with a water outlet.
Preferably, a heat radiation lamp for simulating the irradiation of sunlight is provided at the top inside the main body experiment box.
Preferably, an ultraviolet lamp for generating ozone is provided at the top inside the main body experimental box.
Preferably, the lower part of the electrode is provided with a tilt adjusting device for tilting the electrode.
Furthermore, the inclination adjusting device comprises two bolts which are respectively arranged at two sides of the lower end of the electrode, wherein one bolt is hinged with the electrode, and the other bolt is in smooth contact with the electrode.
Preferably, a carbon monoxide concentration detector is arranged in the exhaust pipe.
Preferably, the main body experiment box is made of a toughened glass material.
Preferably, a high-speed camera for shooting the combustion process of the internal combustible by lightning is arranged outside the main body experiment box.
A simulation method based on the forest lightning stroke ignition and spread simulation device comprises the following steps:
opening an air conditioner, and adjusting the temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction of inlet air; adjusting the rainfall, and adjusting the thermal radiation lamp and the ultraviolet lamp; connecting the lightning-guiding needle, the electrode and a lead of the impact current generator;
adjusting the distance and angle between the lightning-induced needle and the electrode, and loading a combustible bed;
adjusting shooting parameters of the high-speed camera;
the impulse current generator discharges to simulate lightning stroke;
the discharge process and the process of extinguishing or forming fire spread after the discharge is finished are continuously observed by a high-speed camera, and the concentration of the carbon monoxide is measured at the same time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the device has the advantages of low cost, high safety, strong repeatability and environment simulation which is more in line with the natural lightning stroke process.
2. The device can provide different humiture, rainfall, wind speed, wind direction, heat radiation and ozone amount, and can simulate the influence of different mountain trends on the ignition and spread of lightning stroke. The changeable working conditions of the experiment are increased, and the influence of different factors can be analyzed.
3. The invention can research the extinguishing and fire spreading process after lightning stroke through the carbon monoxide concentration detector, and can observe the lightning stroke transient action process which is not reported in the past through the high-speed camera.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Examples
The forest lightning stroke ignition and spread simulation device can simulate different humiture, rainfall, wind speed, wind direction, heat radiation and ozone amount, and can also simulate the influence of different mountain trends on the ignition and spread of the lightning stroke, so that the simulation is closer to the natural lightning stroke, a more real effect is obtained, and the researcher can conveniently perform indoor experimental analysis.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the device comprises an air conditioner 1, an air inlet shutter 2, a main body experiment box 3, a spray head 4, a thermal radiation lamp 5, a sleeve 6, a lightning guide needle 7, an ultraviolet lamp 8, a flow control valve 9, a carbon monoxide concentration detector 10, an exhaust pipe 11, a high-speed camera 12, a fuel bed 13, an adjusting bolt 14, an electrode 15 and a water outlet 16.
The main body experiment box 3 is made of toughened glass materials, contributes to increasing the weight of the box body, avoids vibration of the box body during lightning stroke, and is made of glass materials and also contributes to the lightning stroke combustion process of combustible substances inside the high-speed camera 12 during shooting.
When the experiment is started, the outdoor air passes through the air conditioner 1 and then becomes air meeting the requirements of temperature, humidity and air quantity. Through air inlet shutter 2, can adjust the air wind direction that gets into main part experimental box 3, and then can simulate the different wind fields of nature during thunderbolt and follow-up in-process. The exhaust air is exhausted through the exhaust duct 11 at the other side of the main body experiment box.
Simulation forest is thundered when and the subsequent rainy process that accompanies, can be through the rain analogue means at main part experiment box top, rain analogue means includes shower nozzle 4, flow control valve 9, and 4 evenly distributed of shower nozzle are regional at the top, and flow control valve 9 sets up on shower nozzle 4 and outside water tank connecting tube, and the rainfall passes through flow control valve control. The bottom in the main body experiment box 3 is provided with a water outlet which is convenient for draining accumulated water.
The heat radiation lamp 5 in the main body experiment box is used for simulating sunlight irradiation. The ultraviolet lamp 8 is used for generating ozone to simulate an ozone environment in case of lightning strike.
The lightning guide needle 7 and the electrode 15 simulate the lightning strike discharge process by connecting an external impulse current generator. The lightning rod 7 and the sleeve 6 are pressed tightly by screws at two sides. The lightning guide needle 7 moves in the sleeve 6, the distance between the lightning guide needle 7 and the fuel bed 13 can be flexibly adjusted, and the lightning guide needle 7 can be conveniently replaced after ablation. The sleeve 6 is made of thermosetting plastics, is convenient for thread opening and can be insulated from the lightning conductor 7.
The fuel bed 13 is placed on the electrode 15. Two adjusting bolts are arranged at the lower part of the electrode 15, wherein the left bolt is hinged with the electrode 15, and the right bolt is in smooth contact with the electrode 15. The distance between the electrode 15 and the lightning guiding needle 7 can be changed by adjusting the depth of the bolts at the two sides, and the angle between the electrode 15 and the lightning guiding needle 7 can also be changed. Therefore, the influence of different mountain trends on lightning stroke ignition can be simulated; meanwhile, the influence of different gradients on subsequent fire spreading after ignition can be simulated.
The external high speed camera 12 is used to capture the ignition process of the fuel bed 13 when struck by lightning. Since the lightning strike discharge process time is very short, it needs to be captured using the high speed camera 12. The high-speed camera 12 is used for photographing, and the processes of current adhesion, heating ignition and mechanical damage during lightning stroke discharge can be observed.
The carbon monoxide concentration detector 10 in the exhaust duct 11 is used for detecting the carbon monoxide concentration in the main experiment box 3, thereby being beneficial to researching the extinguishing and fire spreading process after lightning stroke.
The simulation method of the forest lightning stroke ignition and spread simulation device comprises the following steps:
s1, opening an air conditioner, and adjusting the temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction of inlet air;
s2, adjusting the rainfall;
s3, adjusting the heat radiation lamp and the ultraviolet lamp;
s4, connecting the lightning rod, the electrode and the impulse current generator;
s5, adjusting the distance and angle between the lightning rod and the electrode, and loading a fuel bed;
s6, adjusting shooting parameters of the high-speed camera;
s7, discharging;
and S8, measuring the concentration of the carbon monoxide, and continuously observing the process of extinguishing or forming fire spread after the discharge is finished.
Of course, the above simulation is various disclosed simulations implemented on the apparatus shown in fig. 1, and in practical applications, the wind direction, the amount of radiation, the amount of ozone, the mountain trend, the rainfall, and the like may be adaptively selected according to the field environment, and all adjustments are not necessary.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A forest lightning stroke ignition and spreading simulation device is characterized by comprising a main body experiment box, wherein one side of the main body experiment box is provided with an air conditioner for adjusting air inlet temperature, humidity and air quantity, and the other side of the main body experiment box is provided with an exhaust pipe; the bottom in the main body experiment box is provided with a fuel bed, the fuel bed is laid on the electrode, the top in the main body experiment box is provided with a lightning rod, and the electrode and the lightning rod are both connected with the impulse current generator.
2. The forest lightning strike ignition and propagation simulation device according to claim 1, wherein the lightning guide needle is arranged in a sleeve, and the position of the lightning guide needle in the sleeve is adjustable.
3. The forest lightning strike ignition and propagation simulator according to claim 1, wherein an air inlet shutter for adjusting the wind direction of air is arranged between the air conditioner and the main body experiment box.
4. The forest lightning strike ignition and propagation simulation device according to claim 1, wherein a rain simulation device is further arranged at the top in the main body experiment box, the rain simulation device comprises spray heads and flow control valves, the spray heads are uniformly distributed in the top area, the flow control valves are arranged on connecting pipelines of the spray heads and an external water tank, and a water outlet is arranged at the bottom in the main body experiment box.
5. The forest lightning strike ignition and propagation simulation device according to claim 1, wherein a heat radiation lamp for simulating sunlight irradiation is provided at a top portion inside the main body experiment box.
6. The forest lightning strike ignition and propagation simulation device according to claim 1, wherein an ultraviolet lamp for generating ozone is provided at a top portion inside the main body experimental box.
7. The forest lightning strike ignition and propagation simulator according to claim 1, wherein the lower part of the electrode is provided with an inclination adjusting device for inclining the electrode, the inclination adjusting device comprises two bolts which are respectively arranged at two sides of the lower end of the electrode, one bolt is hinged with the electrode, and the other bolt is in smooth contact with the electrode.
8. The forest lightning strike ignition and propagation simulation device according to claim 1, wherein a carbon monoxide concentration detector is arranged in the exhaust duct.
9. The forest lightning strike ignition and propagation simulation device according to claim 1, wherein the main body experiment box is made of a tempered glass material; and a high-speed camera for shooting the lightning stroke combustion process of internal combustible materials is arranged on the outer side of the main body experiment box.
10. A simulation method for a forest lightning strike ignition and propagation simulation device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
opening an air conditioner, and adjusting the temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction of inlet air; adjusting the rainfall, and adjusting the thermal radiation lamp and the ultraviolet lamp; connecting the lightning-guiding needle, the electrode and a lead of the impact current generator;
adjusting the distance and angle between the lightning-induced needle and the electrode, and loading a combustible bed;
adjusting shooting parameters of the high-speed camera;
the impulse current generator discharges to simulate lightning stroke;
the discharge process and the process of extinguishing or forming fire spread after the discharge is finished are continuously observed by a high-speed camera, and the concentration of the carbon monoxide is measured at the same time.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010342932.XA CN111413362A (en) | 2020-04-27 | 2020-04-27 | Forest lightning stroke ignition and spreading simulation device and simulation method |
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| CN202010342932.XA CN111413362A (en) | 2020-04-27 | 2020-04-27 | Forest lightning stroke ignition and spreading simulation device and simulation method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115791670A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-03-14 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | System and method for directly measuring atmospheric trace components generated by lightning stroke |
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| KR100876846B1 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2008-12-31 | 한국전기연구원 | Forest fires simulation facility |
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| CN212364145U (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2021-01-15 | 中山大学 | Forest thunderbolt is lighted and is spread analogue means |
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2020
- 2020-04-27 CN CN202010342932.XA patent/CN111413362A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100876846B1 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2008-12-31 | 한국전기연구원 | Forest fires simulation facility |
| CN109142127A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-04 | 东北林业大学 | A kind of the Fuel loads Monitoring on Dynamic Change experimental provision and method of laboratory simulation natural environment |
| CN212364145U (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2021-01-15 | 中山大学 | Forest thunderbolt is lighted and is spread analogue means |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 朱易等: "雷击引燃森林可燃物概率的实验研究", 火灾科学, vol. 21, no. 02, 30 April 2012 (2012-04-30), pages 71 - 77 * |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115791670A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-03-14 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所 | System and method for directly measuring atmospheric trace components generated by lightning stroke |
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