CN111411967B - Construction method for tunnel vault vertical section discharge flue - Google Patents
Construction method for tunnel vault vertical section discharge flue Download PDFInfo
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- CN111411967B CN111411967B CN202010251248.0A CN202010251248A CN111411967B CN 111411967 B CN111411967 B CN 111411967B CN 202010251248 A CN202010251248 A CN 202010251248A CN 111411967 B CN111411967 B CN 111411967B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/36—Linings or supports specially shaped for tunnels or galleries of irregular cross-section
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a tunnel vault vertical section discharge flue construction method, during construction, firstly measuring and lofting the central position of a corresponding vertical section discharge flue at the bottom of a horizontal section discharge flue, and sequentially marking the inner ring position of a pilot tunnel and the outer ring position of the excavation outline of the vertical section discharge flue from inside to outside by taking the central position as a reference; then, excavating a pilot tunnel manually in sections, applying a locking collar beam to the opening end of the pilot tunnel, and applying a protective wall to the side wall of the pilot tunnel in time; and after the pilot hole is communicated, constructing and excavating the outline in sections, sequentially arranging an upper ring beam, a middle ring beam and a lower ring beam, constructing primary support in time in the excavation process, and finally performing lining construction and secondary support. The method adopts a mode of excavating the pilot hole firstly and then expanding the pilot hole, combines the economy and flexibility of the drilling and blasting construction and the high efficiency and convenience of bottom hole deslagging in the reverse well construction, reduces the construction safety risk, improves the construction efficiency and saves the construction cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a tunnel vault vertical section discharge flue construction method.
Background
When the long and large tunnel is designed for an emergency rescue station, the smoke outlet is arranged at the vault of the tunnel, so that harmful gas can be discharged by utilizing the chimney effect. The vault discharge flue has complex structural relationship and high construction difficulty.
When the discharge flue is designed, a plurality of vertical section discharge flues are always arranged to be directly communicated with the arch top of the main tunnel, and the vertical section discharge flues are communicated with the outside through other discharge flues. When the vertical section discharge flue is constructed, a section of horizontal section discharge flue is usually arranged above the vault, the horizontal section discharge flue is used as a construction access, the construction profile of the vertical section discharge flue is subjected to position lofting at the bottom of a tunnel where the horizontal section discharge flue is located, excavation is carried out from top to bottom, and then construction of a plurality of vertical section discharge flues is organized.
The construction of the vertical section discharge flue is similar to the construction of a vertical shaft. At present, the vertical shaft construction can adopt a top-down drilling and blasting method and a bottom-up reversing shaft construction method. The former slag is discharged from a wellhead through vertical transportation, so that the falling safety risk exists, and the construction efficiency is low; the latter is mainly used in open field conditions and requires the provision of raise boring equipment, but the space for tunnels and discharge ducts is limited and large equipment is difficult to access. Therefore, the two shaft section construction methods are directly used for the construction of the tunnel vault vertical section discharge flue and have certain disadvantages.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems that the slag is dropped and the construction efficiency is low and a reverse well construction method is not suitable for the construction of a discharge flue in the prior art when a drilling and blasting method is adopted to excavate the discharge flue at the vertical section, the construction method for the discharge flue at the vertical section of the vault of the tunnel is provided, and the construction method enables the slag to drop from top to bottom and the construction process to be safe and stable.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a tunnel vault vertical section discharge flue construction method comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring and lofting the central position of a corresponding vertical section smoke discharge channel at the bottom of a horizontal section smoke discharge channel, and sequentially marking the inner ring position of a pilot tunnel and the outer ring position of the excavation outline of the vertical section smoke discharge channel from inside to outside by taking the central position as a reference;
s2, manually excavating a pilot tunnel in the inner circle range, and communicating the pilot tunnel with the main tunnel; during construction, a fore shaft collar beam is arranged at the hole end of the pilot tunnel, and a protective wall is arranged on the excavated part of the pilot tunnel;
s3, dismantling the locking collar beams and the retaining walls, adopting a controlled blasting method to expand and dig in the outer ring range of the excavation outline, discharging slag from the pilot tunnel, and communicating the vertical section discharge flue with the main tunnel; arranging an upper ring beam at the opening end of the excavation outline, and performing primary support on the excavated part of the excavation outline;
s4, arranging a lower ring beam at the connecting surrounding rock of the vertical section discharge flue and the main tunnel;
and S5, erecting a construction rack in the main tunnel, binding steel bars, erecting a formwork, pouring concrete and maintaining sequentially from bottom to top, and performing lining construction on the side wall of the excavated outline, namely the vertical section discharge flue, so as to serve as secondary support.
Compare the excavation profile of vertical section discharge flue, the size of pilot tunnel is less, and unit goes out the sediment volume when manual hole digging is few, and the risk that high altitude transportation is slagging tap and is fallen is controllable. After the pilot tunnel is quickly communicated, when the excavation outline of the vertical-section discharge flue is excavated by adopting a drilling and blasting method, the pilot tunnel provides a free surface for the excavation outline, the blasting effect is better, and meanwhile, the disturbance to the existing structure is also reduced; the slag of the excavation profile falls from the pilot tunnel, the slag transportation has no falling risk, and the expanding excavation efficiency is greatly improved; and the pilot hole provides good ventilation conditions for the expanding and digging of the vertical section discharge flue, so that the safety risk is reduced. In addition, in the construction process, the protective measures are taken for the opening and the side wall of the pilot tunnel and the excavation outline in time, the stability of the structure is enhanced, and the construction safety is ensured.
Compared with the prior art that the vertical-section discharge flue is directly excavated by adopting a drilling and blasting method, the problems of high slag falling and low construction efficiency exist, the method adopts a mode of excavating a pilot tunnel firstly and then expanding the pilot tunnel, combines the economy and flexibility of forward drilling and blasting construction and the high efficiency and convenience of bottom hole slag discharge in reverse well construction, reduces the construction safety risk, improves the construction efficiency and saves the construction cost.
Preferably, the diameter of the pilot tunnel is 1.8-2.2m, and the pilot tunnel with a proper size is selected for excavation, so that convenience is provided for constructors and equipment, and the construction efficiency is improved.
Preferably, in step S2, when the excavation depth reaches 0.8-1.3m, a retaining wall is provided to excavate the pilot tunnel in sections, support in time, perform safe construction, and prevent the side wall from collapsing.
Preferably, in step S2, when the construction is performed on the primary support surface of the main tunnel, the pilot tunnel is penetrated from the main tunnel, so that the construction is more convenient and safer.
Preferably, in step S2, when the construction is completed to a position 0.8-1.3m away from the primary support surface of the main tunnel, the pilot tunnel is penetrated from the main tunnel, and the construction is convenient and safe.
Preferably, in step S3, when the excavation profile is constructed, each time the excavation depth reaches 1.8-2.3m, the sidewall of the excavated portion is initially supported, the excavation profile is expanded and excavated in sections, and is supported in time, so as to ensure safe construction and prevent the sidewall from collapsing.
Preferably, in step S3, when the construction is performed on the primary support surface of the main tunnel, the vertical section smoke exhaust duct is penetrated from the main tunnel, so that the construction is convenient and safe.
Preferably, in step S3, when the construction is completed to a position 0.8-1.3m away from the primary support surface of the main tunnel, the vertical section smoke exhaust duct is penetrated from the main tunnel, and the construction is convenient and safe.
Preferably, in step S5, each lining construction depth is 1.2-1.8m as an operation cycle, lining secondary support is performed in sections, and a casting concrete forming time is reserved, which is beneficial to structural stability and construction efficiency improvement.
Preferably, the middle ring beam is arranged in the middle of the vertical section smoke exhaust channel, the middle ring beam and the lower ring beam are provided with reinforcing ribs and are poured together with the lining structure of the side wall, and the structural stability is favorably enhanced.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method adopts a mode of excavating the pilot hole firstly and then expanding the pilot hole, combines the economy and flexibility of forward drilling and blasting construction and the high efficiency and convenience of bottom hole deslagging in reverse well construction, reduces the construction safety risk, improves the construction efficiency and saves the construction cost.
2. In the construction process, the pilot tunnel and the excavation outline are constructed in sections and protective measures are taken in time, for example, a fore shaft ring beam and a protective wall are arranged on the pilot tunnel, an upper ring beam, a middle ring beam and a lower ring beam are arranged on the excavation outline, and protective measures such as primary support, secondary support lining and the like are applied to the excavation outline, so that the stability of the structure is enhanced, and the construction safety is ensured.
3. According to the invention, the pilot tunnel is firstly excavated, so that the pilot tunnel is communicated with the main tunnel, good ventilation conditions are provided for expanding and excavating the vertical section discharge flue, and the construction safety risk is reduced.
4. The construction of the pilot tunnel provides a free surface for expanding and excavating the excavation outline of the vertical section discharge flue by adopting a controlled blasting method, improves the blasting effect and simultaneously reduces the disturbance to the existing structure.
Drawings
FIGS. 1 to 3 are exploded schematic diagrams of construction steps of a tunnel vault vertical section discharge flue construction method: wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a construction pilot tunnel;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a construction excavation profile;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the secondary lining in construction.
Icon: 1-horizontal section discharge flue; 2-vertical section discharge flue; 21-primary support; 22-lining; 23-upper ring beam; 24-a middle ring beam; 25-lower ring beam; 3-pilot tunnel; 31-a fore shaft collar beam; 32-protective wall.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A tunnel vault vertical section discharge flue construction method is shown in figures 1-3 and comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring and lofting the central position of a corresponding vertical section discharge flue 2 at the bottom of a horizontal section discharge flue 1, and sequentially marking the inner ring position of a pilot tunnel 3 and the outer ring position of the excavation outline of the vertical section discharge flue 2 from inside to outside by taking the central position as a reference; wherein the pilot hole 3 has a diameter of about 2 m.
S2, as shown in the figure 1, manually excavating a pilot tunnel 3 in the inner circle range, and communicating the pilot tunnel 3 with a main tunnel; during construction, a locking collar beam 31 is arranged at the opening end of the pilot tunnel 3, and a protective wall 32 is arranged on the side wall of the pilot tunnel 3 when the excavation depth reaches about 1 m. And when the construction is carried out to be about 1m away from the primary support surface of the main tunnel or to be carried out to the primary support surface of the main tunnel, mechanically excavating the main tunnel to penetrate through the pilot tunnel 3 from bottom to top.
S3, as shown in the figure 2, detaching the locking collar beams 31 and the retaining walls 32, performing expanding excavation by adopting a controlled blasting method within the outer ring range of the excavation outline, discharging slag from the pilot tunnel 3, and communicating the vertical section discharge flue 2 with the main tunnel; during construction, arranging an upper ring beam 23 at the end of a hole of an excavation outline, and constructing a primary support 21 on the excavated part of the excavation outline when the excavation depth reaches about 1 m; when the construction is carried out to the middle part of the vertical section discharge flue 2, the middle ring beam 24 is arranged, and reinforcing ribs are arranged for the middle ring beam 24. And when the construction is carried out to a position about 2m away from the primary support surface of the main tunnel or to the primary support surface of the main tunnel, manually excavating the main tunnel to penetrate through the vertical section discharge flue 2.
S4, as shown in the figure 2, at the connecting surrounding rock position of the vertical section discharge flue 2 and the main tunnel, the position of the lower ring beam 25 is expanded and dug, and reinforcing ribs are arranged for the lower ring beam 25.
S5, as shown in figure 3, a construction rack is erected in the main tunnel, steel bar binding, formwork erecting, concrete pouring and maintenance are sequentially carried out from bottom to top, lining 22 construction is carried out on the side wall of the vertical section discharge flue 2, and the construction depth of each lining 22 is about 1.5m to serve as an operation cycle. In the construction process of the lining 22, the middle ring beam 24, the lower ring beam 25 and the lining 22 structure of the side wall are poured together, so that the structural stability is enhanced.
Compare the excavation profile of vertical section discharge flue 2, the size of guide's hole 3 is less, and unit goes out the sediment volume when the manual work digs the hole and is few, and the risk of falling of high altitude transportation slagging tap is controllable. After the pilot tunnel 3 is quickly communicated, when the excavation outline of the vertical section discharge flue 2 is excavated by adopting a drilling and blasting method, the pilot tunnel 3 provides a free surface for the excavation outline, the blasting effect is better, and meanwhile, the disturbance to the existing structure is also reduced; the slag on the excavation profile falls from the pilot tunnel 3, and the slag transportation has no falling risk, so that the expanding excavation efficiency is greatly improved; and the pilot hole 3 provides good ventilation conditions for the expanding and digging of the vertical section discharge flue 2, and reduces the safety risk. In addition, in the construction process, the embodiment also takes protective measures in time for the pilot tunnel 3 and the opening and the side wall of the excavation outline, so that the stability of the structure is enhanced, and the construction safety is ensured.
Compared with the prior art in which the vertical-section discharge flue 2 is directly excavated by adopting a drilling and blasting method, the problems of slag falling height and low construction efficiency exist, the embodiment adopts a mode of excavating the pilot tunnel 3 before expanding and excavating, the economy and flexibility of forward drilling and blasting method construction and the high efficiency and convenience of bottom hole slag discharge in reverse well construction are combined, the construction safety risk is reduced, the construction efficiency is improved, and the construction cost is saved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A tunnel vault vertical section discharge flue construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, measuring and lofting the central position of a corresponding vertical section discharge flue (2) at the bottom of a horizontal section discharge flue (1), and sequentially marking the inner ring position of a pilot tunnel (3) and the outer ring position of the excavation outline of the vertical section discharge flue (2) from inside to outside by taking the central position as a reference;
s2, manually excavating the pilot tunnel (3) in the inner circle range, and communicating the pilot tunnel (3) with the main tunnel; during construction, a fore shaft collar beam (31) is arranged at the hole opening end of the pilot tunnel (3), and a protective wall (32) is arranged on the excavated part of the pilot tunnel (3);
s3, removing the locking collar beam (31) and the retaining wall (32), performing controlled blasting expanding excavation within the outer ring range of the excavation outline, discharging slag from the pilot tunnel (3), and communicating the vertical section discharge flue (2) with a main tunnel; arranging an upper ring beam (23) at the opening end of the excavation outline, and applying primary support (21) to the excavated part of the excavation outline;
s4, arranging a lower ring beam (25) at the connecting surrounding rock of the vertical section discharge flue (2) and the main tunnel;
and S5, building a construction rack in the front tunnel, sequentially binding steel bars, erecting a mold, pouring concrete and maintaining from bottom to top, and constructing the lining (22) of the excavation outline.
2. Construction method according to claim 1, characterised in that the pilot tunnel (3) has a diameter of 1.8-2.2 m.
3. Construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S2 the retaining wall (32) is provided for each excavation depth of 0.8-1.3 m.
4. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the pilot hole (3) is penetrated from the main hole when the construction is performed to the primary support surface of the main hole in step S2.
5. The construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pilot hole (3) is penetrated from the pilot hole at a position 0.8 to 1.3m from the primary support surface of the pilot hole in step S2.
6. The construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preliminary bracing (21) is performed on the sidewall of the excavated portion every excavation depth of 1.8 to 2.3m while constructing the excavation profile at step S3.
7. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the vertical section discharge flue (2) is penetrated from the main tunnel when being constructed to the primary support surface of the main tunnel in step S3.
8. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the vertical section discharge flue (2) is penetrated from the main tunnel when the construction is carried out to a position 0.8-1.3m away from the primary support surface of the main tunnel in step S3.
9. The construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein 1.2 to 1.8m per construction depth is performed as one working cycle in step S5.
10. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised by providing a central ring beam (24) in the middle of the vertical section flue (2), the central ring beam (24) and the lower ring beam (25) being provided with reinforcing ribs and being cast together with the lining (22) structure of the side walls.
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| CN202010251248.0A CN111411967B (en) | 2020-04-01 | 2020-04-01 | Construction method for tunnel vault vertical section discharge flue |
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| CN112196544B (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-10-18 | 中铁二局第二工程有限公司 | Construction method for crossing existing tunnel on contact discharge flue of high-ground-stress soft rock stratum |
| CN112412467B (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-08-30 | 中铁十二局集团有限公司 | Construction method of ventilation vertical shaft (200-600 m) with extra-long highway tunnel by' well reversing method |
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2020
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| CN104594913A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-05-06 | 中交一公局第一工程有限公司 | Tunnel longitudinal ventilation connection duct and main tunnel zero-clear-distance three-dimensional crossing structure and construction method thereof |
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