CN111410670A - Method for preparing oligosaccharide by using lignocellulose - Google Patents
Method for preparing oligosaccharide by using lignocellulose Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H3/00—Compounds containing only hydrogen atoms and saccharide radicals having only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
- C07H3/06—Oligosaccharides, i.e. having three to five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
- C07H1/06—Separation; Purification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H3/00—Compounds containing only hydrogen atoms and saccharide radicals having only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
- C07H3/04—Disaccharides
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing oligosaccharide by utilizing lignocellulose, which comprises the following steps: moistening lignocellulose with water, performing irradiation treatment, adding water, hydrolyzing under heat preservation, performing solid-liquid separation, and collecting filtrate to obtain oligosaccharide-containing solution. Compared with the enzyme method technology, the method of the invention has the advantages of easy control of the hydrolysis process and short reaction time; compared with the traditional acid method technology, the preparation process is more environment-friendly and more environment-friendly, and the oligosaccharide yield is high; compared with the traditional high-temperature self-hydrolysis technology, the method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, energy conservation, lower requirements on equipment conditions and safer preparation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of biochemical engineering, and particularly relates to a preparation method of oligosaccharide.
Background
The oligosaccharide is an important functional polysaccharide, has the functions of proliferating bifidobacterium, protecting liver, inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, reducing blood pressure, preventing constipation, enhancing immunity and the like, and has wide application in the industries of food, medicine, feed, health care products and the like.
Currently, the production of oligosaccharides mainly comprises an enzyme method, an acid hydrolysis method and a high-temperature self-hydrolysis method. The enzymatic method mainly depends on the related enzyme to catalyze and hydrolyze high-content glycan, so that specific high-efficiency endonuclease needs to be obtained firstly, the enzymatic hydrolysis process needs to be accurately controlled, and the hydrolysis reaction time is generally longer; the acid method mostly adopts common strong inorganic acid, such as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, to hydrolyze high glycan, the reaction time is short, the process is simple, but the hydrolysis product is basically monosaccharide, and the oligosaccharide yield is low; the high-temperature self-hydrolysis method has the hydrolysis temperature generally exceeding 150 ℃, the reaction needs to be carried out in a high-pressure container, the requirement on equipment is high, and the number of byproducts is large.
Oligosaccharides are increasingly popular among people as functional foods and health foods. With the development of economy and the continuous improvement of living standard, human beings are more concerned about self health, so that the development of a green high-efficiency functional xylo-oligosaccharide preparation technology has important value.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the background technology, and provide a method for preparing oligosaccharide by utilizing lignocellulose, wherein the method has mild reaction conditions, is green and environment-friendly, and has low sugar yield. In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
A method for preparing oligosaccharide by using lignocellulose comprises the following steps: moistening lignocellulose with water, performing irradiation treatment, adding water, hydrolyzing under heat preservation, adjusting pH to neutral, performing solid-liquid separation (centrifugation or filtration), and collecting filtrate to obtain solution containing oligosaccharide. The lignocellulose is a mixture formed by mutually interweaving cellulose, xylan and lignin, and the cellulose or the xylan can be obtained by separating the lignocellulose through a separating means.
In the above method for producing oligosaccharides from lignocellulose, it is preferable that the lignocellulose is wetted with water while controlling the water content of the lignocellulose to 1 to 50%. More preferably, the moisture content of the lignocellulose is controlled to be 20-50% when the lignocellulose is moistened with water. In order to ensure the irradiation effect, the water addition amount during irradiation cannot be too small. The irradiation treatment is based on weight calculation cost, water is added excessively, the cost is too high, the water is added excessively, the irradiation energy is shielded by water, and the irradiation effect is influenced. Based on the irradiation effect and cost consideration, the invention preferably controls the water adding amount to be 20-50%.
In the above method for preparing oligosaccharide from lignocellulose, preferably, the lignocellulose is wetted by water, and then coated with a layer of metal foil, and then subjected to irradiation treatment. The metal foil can be selected from aluminum foil, tin foil, etc. Moisture is volatilized in the irradiation process, the metal foil is favorable for keeping the content of water in the lignocellulose in the irradiation process, the moisture is favorably and uniformly distributed in the lignocellulose, and the irradiation uniformity can be improved.
In the above method for preparing oligosaccharide from lignocellulose, preferably, the irradiation treatment is gamma ray irradiation or electron beam irradiation, and the intensity of the irradiation treatment is 30-600 KGy. The raw material irradiated with the above irradiation intensity (30-600KGy) can be subjected to the following process to obtain oligosaccharide.
In the above method for preparing oligosaccharide from lignocellulose, preferably, the mass of water added in the water-adding heat-preservation hydrolysis process is 1-20 times of that of lignocellulose, and the temperature is controlled at 50-150 deg.C for 10-60min in the water-adding heat-preservation hydrolysis process. The hydrolysis temperature and the hydrolysis time can ensure that the oligosaccharide yield is higher after the raw material subjected to the irradiation treatment is hydrolyzed.
In the above method for preparing oligosaccharide from lignocellulose, preferably, the solution containing oligosaccharide is further subjected to a purification treatment, and the purification treatment comprises the following steps: and (2) carrying out reduced pressure concentration on the solution containing the oligosaccharide, adding ethanol for precipitation, carrying out solid-liquid separation (centrifugation or filtration separation), collecting filtrate, carrying out membrane filtration on the filtrate, collecting the filtrate, and carrying out dehydration treatment on the filtrate to obtain the purified oligosaccharide.
In the above method for preparing oligosaccharide from lignocellulose, the volume of the solution after vacuum concentration is preferably 1/2-1/10 of the volume of the solution containing oligosaccharide. The concentration under reduced pressure to a certain volume is convenient to add ethanol to precipitate and remove macromolecular impurities, thereby improving the purity of the oligosaccharide.
In the method for preparing oligosaccharide by using lignocellulose, preferably, the concentration of ethanol added in the ethanol precipitation process is more than or equal to 95%, and the addition volume is 2-5 times of the volume of the solution after vacuum concentration.
In the method for preparing oligosaccharide by using lignocellulose, the molecular weight intercepted by the membrane filtration is preferably more than or equal to 200 Da. The molecular weight of oligosaccharide is more than 200Da, and the molecular weight cut-off of membrane filtration is more than or equal to 200Da, so that the removal of small molecular impurities is ensured.
The principle of the invention is as follows: under the condition that the lignocellulose is wetted by adding water, the molecular weight of high glycan is reduced to a certain level (far reaching the level of oligosaccharide) through irradiation, organic acid is generated at the same time, the generation of the organic acid is greatly related to the moisture in the lignocellulose, a large number of free radicals are generated in the lignocellulose and the water in the irradiation process, the movement of the free radicals is facilitated by the existence of water molecules, the reaction between the free radicals and the lignocellulose is promoted, and the generation of the organic acid is increased. After the lignocellulose subjected to irradiation treatment is added with water, the high polysaccharide further reduces the molecular weight to oligosaccharide at a certain temperature under the catalysis of organic acid. Due to the existence of the organic acid, no other catalyst is needed to be added in the process of the thermal hydrolysis. Adjusting the pH value of the solution rich in oligosaccharide, centrifuging or filtering to remove undegraded high polymers (mainly comprising lignin, part of undegraded xylan, cellulose and the like), concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure, precipitating part of substances with slightly larger molecular weight (mainly comprising phenols and polysaccharides) with high-concentration ethanol, collecting the filtrate, performing membrane separation to remove polysaccharides with polymerization degree of more than 10, monosaccharide with small molecular weight and salt in the solution, and dehydrating to obtain purified oligosaccharide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. Compared with the enzyme method technology, the method does not need to add enzyme, the hydrolysis process is easy to control, and the reaction time is short; compared with the traditional acid method technology, strong acid and strong base do not need to be added, the preparation process is more environment-friendly, the cost of subsequent wastewater treatment is saved, and the oligosaccharide yield is high; compared with the traditional high-temperature autohydrolysis technology (the reaction temperature is about 180 ℃), the method has mild reaction conditions (the reaction temperature is less than 150 ℃), is more energy-saving, has lower requirements on equipment conditions, and is safer in preparation process.
2. The method has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, high efficiency and high oligosaccharide yield.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1:
A method for preparing xylooligosaccharide by utilizing xylan comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding water to xylan, adding ultrapure water to 100g of xylan until the water content is 30% (adding 30ml of water);
(2) Performing irradiation treatment, namely irradiating the water-added xylan obtained in the step (1) by using an electron accelerator, wherein the irradiation dose is 300 kGy;
(3) Adding water, keeping the temperature and hydrolyzing, adding 500ml of water into the irradiated xylan in the step (2), heating to 120 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 30 min;
(4) Adding alkali liquor after the hydrolysate in the step (3) is cooled, and adjusting the pH value to be neutral;
(5) Centrifuging or filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain oligosaccharide-containing solution;
(6) Concentrating the solution containing oligosaccharide under reduced pressure to 200 ml;
(7) Adding 500ml of 95% ethanol into the solution obtained by vacuum concentration for precipitation;
(8) Filtering the alcohol precipitation solution, and collecting filtrate;
(9) And (3) performing membrane filtration on the filtrate obtained in the step (8), wherein the specific steps are as follows: adjusting the concentration of the filtrate obtained in the step (8), introducing a nanofiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 5000Da, and separating to obtain a first-stage filtrate and a first-stage concentrated solution; adding deionized water into the primary filtrate, introducing a nanofiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 1000Da, and separating to obtain a secondary filtrate and a secondary concentrated solution; adding deionized water into the secondary filtrate, introducing a nanofiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 200Da, and separating to obtain a tertiary filtrate and a tertiary concentrated solution;
(10) And concentrating, drying and dehydrating the second-level concentrated solution and the third-level concentrated solution to respectively obtain the xylo-oligosaccharides with two polymerization degrees.
About 67g of xylo-oligosaccharide was obtained from 100g of xylan as a starting material by the above-described method of this example.
Example 2:
A method for preparing xylooligosaccharide by utilizing xylan comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding water to xylan, adding ultrapure water to 100g of xylan until the water content is 30% (adding 30ml of water);
(2) Wrapping the xylan after adding water with aluminum foil paper;
(3) Performing irradiation treatment, namely irradiating the wrapped xylan added with water by using an electron accelerator, wherein the irradiation dose is 300 kGy;
(4) Adding water, keeping the temperature and hydrolyzing, adding 500ml of water into the irradiated xylan in the step (3), heating to 120 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 30 min;
(5) Adding alkali liquor after the hydrolysate in the step (4) is cooled, and adjusting the pH value to be neutral;
(6) Centrifuging or filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain oligosaccharide-containing solution;
(7) Concentrating the solution containing oligosaccharide under reduced pressure to 200 ml;
(8) Adding 500ml of 95% ethanol into the solution obtained by vacuum concentration for precipitation;
(9) Filtering the alcohol precipitation solution, and collecting filtrate;
(10) And (4) performing membrane filtration on the filtrate obtained in the step (9), wherein the specific steps are as follows: adjusting the concentration of the filtrate obtained in the step (9), introducing a nanofiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 5000Da, and separating to obtain a first-stage filtrate and a first-stage concentrated solution; adding deionized water into the primary filtrate, introducing a nanofiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 1000Da, and separating to obtain a secondary filtrate and a secondary concentrated solution; adding deionized water into the secondary filtrate, introducing a nanofiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 200Da, and separating to obtain a tertiary filtrate and a tertiary concentrated solution;
(11) And concentrating, drying and dehydrating the second-level concentrated solution and the third-level concentrated solution to respectively obtain the xylo-oligosaccharides with two polymerization degrees.
About 70g of xylo-oligosaccharide was obtained from 100g of xylan as starting material by the above-described method of this example.
Example 3:
A method for preparing low-glucose polymer by using cellulose comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding water to cellulose, adding ultrapure water to 100g of cellulose until the water content is 20% (adding 20ml of water);
(2) Performing irradiation treatment, namely irradiating the water-added cellulose obtained in the step (1) by using an electron accelerator, wherein the irradiation dose is 500 kGy;
(3) Adding water, keeping the temperature and hydrolyzing, adding 600ml of water into the cellulose irradiated in the step (2), heating to 125 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 40 min;
(4) Adding alkali liquor after the hydrolysate in the step (3) is cooled, and adjusting the pH value to be neutral;
(5) Centrifuging or filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain oligosaccharide-containing solution;
(6) Concentrating the solution containing oligosaccharide under reduced pressure to 250 ml;
(7) Adding 600ml of 95% ethanol into the solution obtained by vacuum concentration for precipitation;
(8) Filtering the alcohol precipitation solution, and collecting filtrate;
(9) And (3) performing membrane filtration on the filtrate obtained in the step (8), wherein the specific steps are as follows: adjusting the concentration of the filtrate obtained in the step (8), introducing a nanofiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 1000Da, and separating to obtain a first-stage filtrate and a first-stage concentrated solution; adding deionized water into the primary filtrate, introducing a nanofiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 300Da, and separating to obtain a secondary filtrate and a secondary concentrated solution;
(10) And concentrating, drying and dehydrating the secondary concentrated solution to obtain the glucose oligosaccharide.
About 50g of the oligomeric glucose can be obtained from 100g of the cellulosic raw material by the above process of this example.
Example 4:
A method for preparing oligosaccharide from reed straw (mainly containing lignocellulose) comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding water into reed straws, and adding ultrapure water into 100g of reed straws until the water content is 50% (adding 50ml of water);
(2) Performing irradiation treatment, namely irradiating the reed straws added with water obtained in the step (1) by gamma rays with the irradiation dose of 600 kGy;
(3) Adding water, preserving heat, hydrolyzing, adding 700ml of water into the irradiated reed straw in the step (2), heating to 125 ℃, and keeping for 60 min;
(4) Adding alkali liquor after the hydrolysate in the step (3) is cooled, and adjusting the pH value to be neutral;
(5) Centrifuging or filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain oligosaccharide-containing solution;
(6) Concentrating the solution containing oligosaccharide under reduced pressure to 300 ml;
(7) Adding 800ml of 95% ethanol into the solution obtained by vacuum concentration for precipitation;
(8) Filtering the alcohol precipitation solution, and collecting filtrate;
(9) And (3) performing membrane filtration on the filtrate obtained in the step (8), wherein the specific steps are as follows: adjusting the concentration of the filtrate obtained in the step (8), introducing a nanofiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 5000Da, and separating to obtain a first-stage filtrate and a first-stage concentrated solution; adding deionized water into the primary filtrate, introducing a nanofiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 1000Da, and separating to obtain a secondary filtrate and a secondary concentrated solution; adding deionized water into the secondary filtrate, introducing a nanofiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 200Da, and separating to obtain a tertiary filtrate and a tertiary concentrated solution;
(10) Concentrating, drying and dehydrating the second-stage concentrated solution and the third-stage concentrated solution to respectively obtain two kinds of oligosaccharide with polymerization degrees.
By the method of the embodiment, about 50g of oligosaccharide can be obtained from 100g of reed straw raw material.
Comparative example 1:
A method for preparing xylooligosaccharide by utilizing xylan comprises the following steps:
(1) Irradiating 100g of xylan directly by using an electron accelerator, wherein the irradiation dose is 300 kGy;
(2) Adding water, keeping the temperature and hydrolyzing, adding 500ml of water into the irradiated xylan in the step (1), heating to 120 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 30 min;
(3) Adding alkali liquor after the hydrolysate in the step (2) is cooled, and adjusting the pH value to be neutral;
(4) Centrifuging or filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain oligosaccharide-containing solution;
(5) Concentrating the solution containing oligosaccharide under reduced pressure to 200 ml;
(6) Adding 500ml of 95% ethanol into the solution obtained by vacuum concentration for precipitation;
(7) Filtering the alcohol precipitation solution, and collecting filtrate;
(8) And (3) performing membrane filtration on the filtrate obtained in the step (7), wherein the specific steps are as follows: adjusting the concentration of the filtrate obtained in the step (7), introducing a nanofiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 5000Da, and separating to obtain a first-stage filtrate and a first-stage concentrated solution; adding deionized water into the primary filtrate, introducing a nanofiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 1000Da, and separating to obtain a secondary filtrate and a secondary concentrated solution; adding deionized water into the secondary filtrate, introducing a nanofiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 200Da, and separating to obtain a tertiary filtrate and a tertiary concentrated solution;
(9) And concentrating, drying and dehydrating the second-level concentrated solution and the third-level concentrated solution to respectively obtain the xylo-oligosaccharides with two polymerization degrees.
About 40g of xylo-oligosaccharide could be obtained from 100g of xylan material by the above method of this comparative example.
Comparative example 2:
A method for preparing xylooligosaccharide by utilizing xylan comprises the following steps:
(1)100g of xylan is put into 200ml of aqueous solution and is irradiated by an electron accelerator, and the irradiation dose is 300 kGy;
(2) Adding water, keeping the temperature, hydrolyzing, adding 300ml water into the xylan and the water solution in the step (1), heating to 120 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 30 min;
(3) Adding alkali liquor after the hydrolysate in the step (2) is cooled, and adjusting the pH value to be neutral;
(4) Centrifuging or filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain oligosaccharide-containing solution;
(5) Concentrating the solution containing oligosaccharide under reduced pressure to 200 ml;
(6) Adding 500ml of 95% ethanol into the solution obtained by vacuum concentration for precipitation;
(7) Filtering the alcohol precipitation solution, and collecting filtrate;
(8) And (3) performing membrane filtration on the filtrate obtained in the step (7), wherein the specific steps are as follows: adjusting the concentration of the filtrate obtained in the step (7), introducing a nanofiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 5000Da, and separating to obtain a first-stage filtrate and a first-stage concentrated solution; adding deionized water into the primary filtrate, introducing a nanofiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 1000Da, and separating to obtain a secondary filtrate and a secondary concentrated solution; adding deionized water into the secondary filtrate, introducing a nanofiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 200Da, and separating to obtain a tertiary filtrate and a tertiary concentrated solution;
(9) And concentrating, drying and dehydrating the second-level concentrated solution and the third-level concentrated solution to respectively obtain the xylo-oligosaccharides with two polymerization degrees.
About 60g of xylo-oligosaccharide could be obtained from 100g of xylan material by the above method of this comparative example.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing oligosaccharide by using lignocellulose is characterized by comprising the following steps: moistening lignocellulose with water, performing irradiation treatment, adding water, hydrolyzing under heat preservation, performing solid-liquid separation, and collecting filtrate to obtain oligosaccharide-containing solution.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the lignocellulose is controlled to be 1-50% when the lignocellulose is wetted with water.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the moisture content of the lignocellulose is controlled to be 20-50% when the lignocellulose is wetted with water.
4. The method for preparing oligosaccharide from lignocellulose as recited in claim 1, wherein the lignocellulose is wetted with water, covered with a metal foil, and then subjected to irradiation treatment.
5. The method for preparing oligosaccharide from lignocellulose according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the irradiation treatment is gamma ray irradiation or electron beam irradiation, and the intensity of the irradiation treatment is 30-600 KGy.
6. The method for preparing oligosaccharide from lignocellulose according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the mass of the added water is 1-20 times of the mass of the lignocellulose during the water-adding heat-preservation hydrolysis process, and the temperature is controlled at 50-150 ℃ for 10-60min during the water-adding heat-preservation hydrolysis process.
7. The method for preparing oligosaccharide from lignocellulose according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the oligosaccharide-containing solution is further subjected to a purification treatment, the purification treatment comprising the following steps: and (3) carrying out reduced pressure concentration on the solution containing the oligosaccharide, adding ethanol for precipitation, carrying out solid-liquid separation, collecting filtrate, carrying out membrane filtration on the filtrate, collecting the filtrate, and carrying out dehydration treatment on the filtrate to obtain the purified oligosaccharide.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the volume of the solution after vacuum concentration is 1/2-1/10 of the volume of the solution containing oligosaccharide.
9. The method for preparing oligosaccharide from lignocellulose as claimed in claim 7, wherein the concentration of ethanol added in the ethanol precipitation process is not less than 95%, and the volume of the added ethanol is 2-5 times of the volume of the solution after vacuum concentration.
10. The method for preparing oligosaccharide from lignocellulose according to claim 7, wherein the molecular weight retained by the membrane filtration is more than or equal to 200 Da.
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| CN106191168A (en) * | 2016-07-17 | 2016-12-07 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of method preparing high gravity fermentation sugar juice for raw material with lignocellulose |
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| CN109071583A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2018-12-21 | 格勒诺布尔理工学院 | The method for preparing the mixture of monosaccharide and/or oligosaccharide and/or polysaccharide by purifying ligno-cellulosic materials hydrolysate |
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| CN109071583A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2018-12-21 | 格勒诺布尔理工学院 | The method for preparing the mixture of monosaccharide and/or oligosaccharide and/or polysaccharide by purifying ligno-cellulosic materials hydrolysate |
| CN106191168A (en) * | 2016-07-17 | 2016-12-07 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of method preparing high gravity fermentation sugar juice for raw material with lignocellulose |
| CN107474155A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-12-15 | 青岛聚大洋藻业集团有限公司 | The method for preparing algin oligosaccharide using ultrasound and light wave auxiliary |
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