CN111410591A - Hydrogen-containing metal combustion agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Hydrogen-containing metal combustion agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111410591A CN111410591A CN202010258995.7A CN202010258995A CN111410591A CN 111410591 A CN111410591 A CN 111410591A CN 202010258995 A CN202010258995 A CN 202010258995A CN 111410591 A CN111410591 A CN 111410591A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B49/00—Use of single substances as explosives
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen-containing metal combustion agent and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of solid combustion agents. The combustion agent consists of three elements of aluminum, magnesium and hydrogen, the phase composition of the combustion agent is aluminum and magnesium hydride, and the molar ratio of the aluminum to the magnesium hydride is 2-4: 1. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, weighing metal aluminum and magnesium with the purity of not less than 99.5 percent according to the molar ratio of (1/(1-x)) (x is the burning loss rate of magnesium in the smelting process) of 2-4; then, smelting aluminum and magnesium into alloy by using a smelting method, and mechanically crushing the alloy into powder with the particle size of less than 300 meshes; and finally, carrying out hydrogenation treatment on the alloy powder at 350-400 ℃ and 8MPa hydrogen pressure. The invention has the technical effects that: the provided hydrogen-containing metal combustion agent has the advantages of low ignition temperature, high reaction activity and combustion efficiency, simple preparation process, safety, reliability and low price.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid combustion agents, and particularly relates to a hydrogen-containing metal combustion agent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The metal combustion agent is an important component of modern solid propellant, which can not only improve the energy density of the propellant, but also inhibit the oscillatory combustion of metal oxide solid particles generated by combustion. The aluminum powder has high volume combustion enthalpy and energy density, is rich in resources and low in price, and is a widely applied light metal combustion agent. However, the conventional aluminum powder has disadvantages of high ignition temperature, low combustion efficiency, incomplete combustion, and easy agglomeration during combustion due to its low melting point and high boiling point.
The Combustion process of the aluminum powder is related to the particle size, nanocrystallization of the aluminum powder is one of effective methods for improving the Combustion performance of the aluminum powder, compared with micron-sized aluminum powder, the nanometer-sized aluminum powder has low ignition temperature, and single-particle Combustion is prone to occur due to the reduction of the ignition threshold, so that the Combustion efficiency is improved, and particle agglomeration is reduced [ Luohsia, Nippon, Zenhao et al, light alloy processing technology, 2007,35(10):69-72], but the high specific surface area of the nanometer-sized aluminum powder causes the oxidation to easily occur in the air, and the actual active aluminum content and Combustion heat value are greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior aluminum-based metal combustion agent technology, the invention provides the hydrogen-containing metal combustion agent with excellent performance, low cost and simple preparation process and the preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the hydrogen-containing metal combustion agent provided by the invention comprises three elements of aluminum, magnesium and hydrogen, the phase composition of the hydrogen-containing metal combustion agent is aluminum and magnesium hydride, and the molar ratio of the aluminum to the magnesium hydride is 2-4: 1.
The preparation of the combustion agent comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing metal aluminum and magnesium with the purity not lower than 99.5% according to the molar ratio of [1/(1-x) ] of 2-4; x is the burning loss rate of magnesium in the smelting process;
(2) smelting the aluminum and the magnesium in the step (1) into alloy by using a smelting method;
(3) mechanically crushing the alloy obtained in the step (2) into powder;
(4) and (4) carrying out hydrogenation treatment on the alloy powder obtained in the step (3).
As an optimization, the powder size after the alloy is mechanically crushed in the step (3) is less than 300 meshes.
As an optimization, the step (4) hydrotreating refers to: and (2) carrying out hydrogen absorption and desorption cycles twice at 350-400 ℃: absorbing hydrogen for 24h under the hydrogen pressure of 8MPa, and absorbing hydrogen for 24h under the hydrogen pressure of 8MPa after releasing hydrogen for 1h in vacuum.
The scientific principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention introduces hydrogen into the aluminum-magnesium alloy combustion agent in a solid state, so that the phase composition of the combustion agent is changed from the original Al3Mg2And Al phase to MgH2And the Al phase can effectively reduce the ignition temperature and improve the activity and the combustion efficiency of the combustion agent. First, in the process of hydrotreating aluminum-magnesium alloys, the absorption and release of hydrogen causes the expansion and contraction of crystal lattices, resulting in pulverization of the aluminum-magnesium alloy and formation of a large number of crystal defects, thereby significantly increasing the combustion reaction interface and activity. Secondly, the aluminum-magnesium alloy combustion agent containing hydrogen is in the combustion processIn, MgH2Will decompose and release hydrogen, will form a fresh surface due to the shrinkage of the crystal lattice, and will facilitate the combustion to proceed, again, hydrogen has a value of 1.43 × 105The kJ/kg combustion heat value is far higher than that of any metal combustion agent, and the hydrogen-containing aluminum-magnesium alloy combustion agent can release a large amount of heat in the combustion process of hydrogen release and combustion, so that the combustion performance is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the provided hydrogen-containing metal combustion agent has low ignition temperature, high reaction activity and high combustion efficiency.
(2) The provided hydrogen-containing metal combustion agent takes metal aluminum and magnesium as initial raw materials, and has wide sources and low price.
(3) The preparation method of the hydrogen-containing metal combustion agent has simple process, and is safe and reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows Al in example 1 of the present invention2Hydride of Mg alloy (a), Al in example 23Hydride of Mg alloy (b) and Al in example 34X-ray diffraction pattern of Mg alloy hydride (c).
FIG. 2 shows Al in example 1 of the present invention2Scanning electron micrographs of Mg alloy hydride.
FIG. 3 shows Al in example 1 of the present invention2Hydride of Mg alloy and Al2The Mg alloy heats up to a combustion temperature curve of 425 ℃.
FIG. 4 shows Al in example 1 of the present invention2Hydride of Mg alloy and Al2Differential scanning calorimetry curve of Mg alloy in air.
FIG. 5 shows Al in example 3 of the present invention4Differential scanning calorimetry curve of Mg alloy hydride in air.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
Example 1
According to the formula 2 [1/(1-x)](x is 18% and is the burning loss rate of magnesium in the smelting process) and pure magnesium is weighedAluminum sheets and magnesium strips with the degree of not less than 99.5 percent; melting an aluminum sheet and a magnesium strip into alloy by using a vacuum induction melting method; mechanically crushing the alloy obtained by smelting into powder with the granularity of less than 300 meshes; performing hydrogen absorption and desorption cycles (hydrogen absorption for 24h under the hydrogen pressure of 8MPa and hydrogen desorption for 1h in vacuum) on the alloy powder at 400 ℃, and then absorbing hydrogen for 24h under the hydrogen pressure of 8MPa to obtain the metal combustion agent containing hydrogen, namely Al2A hydride of a Mg alloy.
As can be seen from FIGS. 1a and 2, the resulting hydrogen-containing metal combustion agent is composed of Al and MgH2Two phases, which are fine, loose and porous. As can be seen from FIG. 3, Al2Mg alloy hydride can be ignited and form a combustion peak before 400 ℃, and Al which is not hydrogenated (i.e. contains no hydrogen)2Mg alloys do not. As can be seen from FIG. 4, Al2The ignition temperature of Mg alloy hydride is about 365 ℃ and is higher than that of Al2Mg alloy is reduced by about 130 ℃, and Al2Second stage oxidation combustion reaction ratio of Mg alloy hydride Al2Mg alloy is more concentrated, can complete the combustion process within 900 ℃, and has high activity and combustion efficiency.
Example 2
According to the formula 3: [1/(1-x)]Weighing aluminum sheets and magnesium strips with the purity of not less than 99.5 percent according to the molar ratio (x is 18 percent and is the burning loss rate of magnesium in the smelting process); melting an aluminum sheet and a magnesium strip into alloy by using a vacuum induction melting method; mechanically crushing the alloy obtained by smelting into powder with the granularity of less than 300 meshes; performing hydrogen absorption and desorption cycles (hydrogen absorption for 24h under the hydrogen pressure of 8MPa and hydrogen desorption for 1h in vacuum) on the alloy powder at 350 ℃, and then absorbing hydrogen for 24h under the hydrogen pressure of 8MPa to obtain the metal combustion agent containing hydrogen, namely Al3A hydride of a Mg alloy. As can be seen from FIG. 1b, the resulting hydrogen-containing metal combustion agent is composed of Al and MgH2Two phases are formed.
Example 3
According to the formula 4: [1/(1-x)]Weighing aluminum sheets and magnesium strips with the purity of not less than 99.5 percent according to the molar ratio (x is 18 percent and is the burning loss rate of magnesium in the smelting process); melting an aluminum sheet and a magnesium strip into alloy by using a vacuum induction melting method; mechanically crushing the alloy obtained by smelting into powder with the granularity of less than 300 meshes; the alloy powder is sucked and released twice at 400 DEG CHydrogen is circulated (hydrogen is absorbed for 24h under the hydrogen pressure of 8MPa, and hydrogen is released for 1h in vacuum), and then hydrogen is absorbed for 24h under the hydrogen pressure of 8MPa, so that the metal combustion agent containing hydrogen, namely Al can be obtained4A hydride of a Mg alloy. As can be seen from FIG. 1c, the resulting hydrogen-containing metal combustion agent is composed of Al and MgH2Two phases are formed. As can be seen from FIG. 5, Al4The ignition temperature of Mg alloy hydride is about 375 ℃, the oxidation combustion reaction of the second stage is concentrated, the heat release is large, the combustion process can be completed within 1200 ℃, and the activity and the combustion efficiency are high.
Claims (3)
1. A metal combustion agent containing hydrogen is characterized in that the element composition of the combustion agent is aluminum, magnesium and hydrogen, the phase composition is aluminum and magnesium hydride, and the molar ratio of the aluminum to the magnesium hydride is 2-4: 1;
the preparation of the combustion agent comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing metal aluminum and magnesium with the purity not lower than 99.5% according to the molar ratio of [1/(1-x) ] of 2-4; x is the burning loss rate of magnesium in the smelting process;
(2) smelting the aluminum and the magnesium in the step (1) into alloy by using a smelting method;
(3) mechanically crushing the alloy obtained in the step (2) into powder;
(4) and (4) carrying out hydrogenation treatment on the alloy powder obtained in the step (3).
2. The hydrogen-containing metal combustion agent according to claim 1, wherein the powder size after the alloy is mechanically pulverized in the step (3) is less than 300 mesh.
3. The hydrogen-containing metal combustion agent according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) of hydrotreating is: and (2) carrying out hydrogen absorption and desorption cycles twice at 350-400 ℃: absorbing hydrogen for 24h under the hydrogen pressure of 8MPa, and absorbing hydrogen for 24h under the hydrogen pressure of 8MPa after releasing hydrogen for 1h in vacuum.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114538378A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-05-27 | 南京工业大学 | Method for preparing magnesium-based hydrogen storage material |
| CN115519119A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-27 | 江苏智仁景行新材料研究院有限公司 | Aluminum alloy powder containing endogenous hydride and preparation method thereof |
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| US4302259A (en) * | 1979-10-31 | 1981-11-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | MgH2 and Sr(NO3)2 pyrotechnic composition |
| CN101457321A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2009-06-17 | 浙江大学 | Magnesium base composite hydrogen storage material and preparation method |
| CN105132838A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-12-09 | 广西大学 | Regulation method of Mg17Al12 hydrogenation |
-
2020
- 2020-04-03 CN CN202010258995.7A patent/CN111410591A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4302259A (en) * | 1979-10-31 | 1981-11-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | MgH2 and Sr(NO3)2 pyrotechnic composition |
| CN101457321A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2009-06-17 | 浙江大学 | Magnesium base composite hydrogen storage material and preparation method |
| CN105132838A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-12-09 | 广西大学 | Regulation method of Mg17Al12 hydrogenation |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 张明: ""铝镁合金氢化物的燃烧特性及其在铝热剂中的应用"", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技Ⅰ辑》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114538378A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-05-27 | 南京工业大学 | Method for preparing magnesium-based hydrogen storage material |
| CN115519119A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-27 | 江苏智仁景行新材料研究院有限公司 | Aluminum alloy powder containing endogenous hydride and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200714 |