CN111410307A - 一种耐低温生物膜脱氮工艺 - Google Patents
一种耐低温生物膜脱氮工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111410307A CN111410307A CN202010397707.6A CN202010397707A CN111410307A CN 111410307 A CN111410307 A CN 111410307A CN 202010397707 A CN202010397707 A CN 202010397707A CN 111410307 A CN111410307 A CN 111410307A
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- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/10—Temperature conditions for biological treatment
- C02F2301/103—Psychrophilic treatment
Abstract
本发明具体涉及一种水处理工艺及其应用方法，通过运用生物膜法强化低温下微生物反硝化脱氮的能力。本发明的特点是该工艺以聚合物填料为载体负载生物膜，反应器通过逐步降温阶段和提升负荷方式，驯化微生物适应10℃以下的低温环境，实现耐低温生物膜的形成，及保证低温下反应器的高效稳定运行。本发明中生物膜工艺耐受低温能力较强，对温度的敏感度比活性污泥小，脱氮效果优于传统活性污泥法，低温下总氮去除负荷比活性污泥法高2~5倍，且在低温污水处理中有较强的适用性，为冬季寒冷地区生物脱氮的高效稳定运行提供了保障。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水处理技术应用领域，具体涉及一种水处理工艺及其应用方法，主要目的是通过生物膜法强化低温下微生物的作用，对水中氮类污染物进行去除，适用于冬季温度较低的污水处理。
背景技术
生物脱氮是污水处理最常用的处理方法，但是我国有些地区冬季气候十分寒冷，污水平均温度一般约为10℃，与硝化及反硝化功能菌群的适宜生长温度相差较大，严重影响了微生物的生长代谢过程，导致冬季生物脱氮处理效果下降乃至无法达标。
生物膜法是利用粘附在载体表面的微生物，对流经载体界面的污染物进行吸附、降解的过程。与传统活性污泥法相比，生物膜法具有诸多优点，如载体上生物膜微生物群落丰富、生态系统复杂，抗冲击负荷能力更强；具有较大的微生物附着量，单位体积生物量是活性污泥的10~20倍，对污染物去除能力较强。生物膜法还具有产泥量少，不需要污泥回流，不存在污泥膨胀问题，操作管理简单、占地面积小、运行费用低等优点。此外，生物膜法对低温等不良条件适应性强，对温度的敏感度比活性污泥小，在低温下对污染物仍具有较好的去除效果，且在低温污水处理中有较强的适用性。
本发明提供了一种新型耐低温反硝化脱氮的工艺，通过生物膜法增强低温下微生物活性，提高低温下微生物反硝化脱氮的能力。
发明内容
针对低温下污水处理反硝化脱氮效果不佳的问题，结合上述背景技术，本发明提供了一种新型工艺，主要内容为：一种耐低温生物膜脱氮工艺。
本发明技术方案是一种提高冬季低温污水生物反硝化脱氮的方法，具体操作步骤如下：
该工艺装置由进水系统、生物膜反应器、控温系统三部分构成，控温系统具体包括中间水箱和冷水循环机。生物膜反应器为该工艺主体，由冷却水层、反应区和填料组成。生物膜反应器水处理流程采用下进上出连续流浸没式，将硝酸盐废水通过蠕动泵泵入装有活性污泥和填料的反应器中。生物膜反应器由双层玻璃制成，外层为冷水循环机循环的冷却水层，可通过设置冷水循环机的设定温度将内层反应区的温度控制在4~30 ℃。生物膜反应器的上端盖有玻璃板，内部形成缺氧环境。生物膜反应器中填料层的上部设置有多孔玻璃挡板，防止填料堵塞出水口。其中，填料为高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）、聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙烯（PP）等聚合物填料，直径为10 mm ~ 100 mm，填充率为20~ 60%；硝酸盐废水中硝酸盐氮的浓度约为10~50 mg/L，且含有碳源，C/N比为3:1 ~ 5:1；接种活性污泥的浓度为3000~10000 mg/L。
本发明的特点是：该工艺分为两个阶段，一是耐低温生物膜驯化阶段，从室温20 ~30 ℃开始运行，驯化一周左右后降温为15~18℃，再逐步降低温度到12℃、5 ℃左右。每个温度运行稳定十天后调控冷水循环机设定温度实现进一步降温过程，逐步驯化微生物适应低温环境，实现耐低温生物膜的形成；二是低温脱氮效果强化阶段，在温度保持在10 ℃以下，通过增大反应器进水水量，缩短水力停留时间HRT，HRT变化范围为0.5 ~ 8.0 h，逐步增强生物膜低温下脱氮的效果，保证反应器的高效稳定运行。
本发明的有益效果是：该工艺在控温系统的作用下，能达到10℃以下的低温条件；低温下脱氮效果优于传统活性污泥法，在5 ℃左右时总氮去除负荷比传统活性污泥法高2~5倍，出水达到《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）的IV类标准（总氮≤1.5 mg/L）；耐冲击负荷能力强，处理效果稳定。填料上附着的生物膜可提高污泥停留时间，有利于富集更多的耐寒菌等功能菌属，对低温的适应能力较强，敏感度较低。生物膜工艺在低温污水处理中具有较强的适用性，适用于市政废水和工业废水等，为冬季温度低的地区实现污水低温脱氮的高效稳定运行提供了新思路和技术支持。此外，生物膜工艺易于固液分离，操作和管理简单，能耗低，占地面积小，投资运营成本低，具有较高的推广应用价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种耐低温生物膜脱氮工艺流程图；
图2为对比例中低温传统活性污泥法的工艺流程图；
附图标记
1-进水系统；2-生物膜反应器；3-控温系统；4-1#进水桶；5-1#蠕动泵；6-1#反应区进水口；7-1#玻璃板；8-1#反应区出水口；9-1#冷却水出口；10-1#多孔玻璃挡板；11-1#冷却水层；12-1#反应区；13-填料；14-1#冷却水进口；15-1#中间水箱；16-1#冷水循环机；17-2#进水系统；18-2#反应器；19-2#控温系统；20-2#进水桶；21-2#蠕动泵；22-2#反应区进水口；23-2#玻璃板；24-2#反应区出水口；25-2#冷却水出口；26-2#冷却水层；27-2#反应区；28-2#冷却水进口；29-2#中间水箱；30-2#冷水循环机。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图并通过实例对本发明作进一步说明：
本发明的一种提高冬季低温污水生物反硝化脱氮的方法的具体工艺流程如下：
该工艺装置由进水系统1、生物膜反应器2、控温系统3三部分构成，生物膜反应器2包括1#冷却水层11、1#反应区12和填料13，控温系统3包括1#中间水箱15和1#冷水循环机16。生物膜反应器2水处理流程采用下进上出连续流浸没式，将1#进水桶4中的硝酸盐废水通过1#蠕动泵5由1#反应区进水口6泵入装有活性污泥和填料13的1#反应区12中，出水由1#反应区出水口8排出；生物膜反应器2由内外两层玻璃制成，其中外层为1#冷却水层11，1#冷水循环机16将1#中间水箱15中的水降温后由1#冷却水进口14进入1#冷却水层11，再由1#冷却水出口9进入下一段循环降温过程；内层为1#反应区12，可通过调控1#冷水循环机16的设定温度将1#反应区12的温度控制在4~30℃。生物膜反应器2的上端盖有1#玻璃板7，内部形成缺氧环境。生物膜反应器2中填料层的上部设置有1#多孔玻璃挡板10，防止填料13堵塞1#反应区出水口8。其中，填料13为高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）、聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙烯（PP）等聚合物填料，直径为10 mm ~ 100 mm，填充率为20 ~ 60%；硝酸盐废水中硝酸盐氮的浓度约为10~50 mg/L，且含有碳源，C/N比为3:1 ~ 5:1；接种活性污泥的浓度为3000~10000 mg/L。
本发明的工艺分为两个阶段，第一阶段通过逐步降温的方式，驯化耐低温生物膜，在室温20 ~ 30 ℃下开始运行，驯化一周左右后降温为15~ 18 ℃，再逐步降低温度到12℃、5℃左右，每个温度运行稳定十天后调控冷水循环机设定温度实现进一步降温过程；第二阶段通过逐步提升进水负荷，增强低温脱氮效果，在温度保持在10 ℃以下，增大反应器进水流量，缩短水力停留时间HRT，HRT变化范围为0.5 ~ 8.0 h。
实施例1
采用本发明低温生物膜反硝化脱氮的方法，对某地区的市政污水处理厂的废水进行处理。生物膜反应器内装填直径为10 mm的AnoxKaldnes KMT型高密度聚乙烯HDPE填料K1，填料K1的填充率为25%，接种活性污泥的浓度为3400 mg/L。工艺运行分为两个阶段，第一阶段通过逐步降温的方式，驯化耐低温生物膜，在室温25 ℃下开始运行，驯化一周左右后降温为18℃，再逐步降低温度到12 ℃、4 ℃，每个温度运行稳定十天后调控冷水循环机设定温度实现进一步降温过程；第二阶段通过逐步提升进水负荷，增强低温脱氮效果，在温度保持在4 ℃下，增大反应器进水流量，缩短水力停留时间HRT，HRT变化范围为0.5 ~ 6.0 h。废水在不同温度、HRT条件下检测出水化学需氧量COD、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮浓度。经过长时间运行检测，总氮去除率达94.0 %以上，总氮去除负荷达0.71 kg/m3/d，监测数据见表1。
表1 实施例1的监测数据
实施例2
采用本发明低温生物膜反硝化脱氮的方法，以直径为50 mm的聚丙烯PP填料为生物膜载体，处理模拟工业废水。其中，填料的填充率为40%，接种活性污泥的浓度为4000 mg/L。工艺运行分为两个阶段，第一阶段通过逐步降温的方式，驯化耐低温生物膜，在室温28 ℃下开始运行，驯化一周左右后降温为18℃，再逐步降低温度到13℃、7℃，每个温度运行稳定十天后调控冷水循环机设定温度实现进一步降温过程；第二阶段通过逐步提升进水负荷，增强低温脱氮效果，在温度保持在7 ℃下，增大反应器进水流量，缩短水力停留时间HRT，HRT变化范围为1.0 ~ 8.0 h。废水在不同温度、HRT条件下检测出水化学需氧量COD、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮浓度。经过长时间运行检测，总氮去除率达93.0 %以上，总氮去除负荷达1.13kg/m3/d，监测数据见表2。
表2实施例2的监测数据
对比例
采用对比例的工艺流程如图2（反应区未装填料），具体过程为：将2#进水桶20中的硝酸盐废水通过2#蠕动泵21由2#反应区进水口22泵入只接种有悬浮活性污泥的2#反应区27中，出水由2#反应区出水口24排出；2#反应器18由内外两层玻璃制成，其中外层为2#冷却水层26，2#冷水循环机30将2#中间水箱29中的水降温后由2#冷却水进口28进入2#冷却水层26，再由2#冷却水出口25进入下一循环降温过程；内层为2#反应区27，可通过调控2#冷水循环机30的设定温度将2#反应区27的温度控制在4~30 ℃左右。2#反应器18的上端盖有2#玻璃板23，2#反应器18内形成缺氧环境。
采用图2中工艺对某市政污水进行处理，接种活性污泥的浓度为3800 mg/L。工艺运行分为两个阶段，第一阶段通过逐步降温的方式，低温下驯化活性污泥，在室温27 ℃下开始运行，驯化一周左右后降温为17℃，再逐步降低温度到14℃、6 ℃，每个温度运行稳定十天后调控冷水循环机设定温度实现进一步降温过程；第二阶段通过逐步提升进水负荷，增强低温脱氮效果，在温度保持在6 ℃下，增大反应器进水流量，缩短水力停留时间HRT，HRT变化范围为0.5 ~ 6.0 h。废水在不同温度、HRT条件下检测出水化学需氧量COD、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮浓度。经过长时间运行检测，在HRT为0.5 h时，总氮去除率仅为37.5%，总氮去除负荷为0.28 kg/m3/d，监测数据见表3。
表3 对比例的监测数据
实施例1和实施例2均使用本发明中的生物膜工艺，分别对市政污水处理厂和工业污水处理厂的废水进行处理，两者均在低温下实现了稳定高效的总氮去除。
对比例中处理与实施例中同样的市政废水，在低温下总氮去除负荷仅约为实施例1中的三分之一，出水浓度也远达不到《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）的IV类标准（总氮≤1.5 mg/L），证明了本发明中生物膜工艺增强了低温下微生物反硝化脱氮的效果。因此，利用本发明中的生物膜工艺可保证冬季污水处理厂生物脱氮系统的高效稳定运行，具有很大的工程应用价值。此外，本发明中的生物膜工艺，适用于各种低温废水，具有普遍适用性。
Claims (6)
1.一种耐低温生物膜脱氮工艺，其特征在于：所述工艺以生物膜反应器（2）为主体，以填料（13）为生物膜载体；该工艺分为耐低温生物膜驯化和低温脱氮效果强化两个阶段。
2.如权利要求1所述工艺，其特征在于：所述的耐低温生物膜驯化阶段是通过控温系统（3），将生物膜反应器（2）内的反应区（12）的温度从室温20 ~ 30 ℃以2~10 ℃的降幅逐步降低至10 ℃以下。
3.如权利要求1所述工艺，其特征在于：所述的低温脱氮效果强化阶段是保持反应区（12）的温度在10℃以下，逐步缩短水力停留时间HRT，提升进水负荷；所述HRT的变化范围为0.5 ~ 8.0 h。
4.如权利要求1所述工艺，其特征在于：所述工艺通过控温系统（3）调控生物膜反应器（2）内的反应区（12）的温度为4 ~ 30 ℃。
5.如权利要求1所述工艺，其特征在于：所述的填料（13）为聚合物填料，所述的聚合物为高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）、聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙烯（PP）中的一种或几种；所述填料（13）的直径为10 mm ~ 100 mm。
6.如权利要求1所述工艺，其特征在于：所述的填料（13）在生物膜反应器（2）内的填充率为20 ~ 60 %。
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