CN111409419B - Negative pressure device and ambulance - Google Patents
Negative pressure device and ambulance Download PDFInfo
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- CN111409419B CN111409419B CN202010360700.7A CN202010360700A CN111409419B CN 111409419 B CN111409419 B CN 111409419B CN 202010360700 A CN202010360700 A CN 202010360700A CN 111409419 B CN111409419 B CN 111409419B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G3/00—Ambulance aspects of vehicles; Vehicles with special provisions for transporting patients or disabled persons, or their personal conveyances, e.g. for facilitating access of, or for loading, wheelchairs
- A61G3/008—Ventilation, sterilisation or air conditioning aspects
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
- A61L9/18—Radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00414—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for military, emergency, safety or security vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
- B60H3/06—Filtering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
- B60H3/06—Filtering
- B60H3/0608—Filter arrangements in the air stream
- B60H3/0641—Filter arrangements in the air stream near ventilating openings in the vehicle exterior
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Abstract
The invention relates to a negative pressure device and an ambulance, wherein the negative pressure device comprises two negative pressure fans, a cabin body and a pressure difference meter, the two negative pressure fans are arranged at the tail end of the cabin body, each negative pressure fan comprises an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air inlet is arranged inside the cabin body; the air outlet is arranged outside the cabin body; the pressure difference meter is arranged in the cabin body and displays the pressure difference between the cabin body and the external air pressure; still include air conditioner and air conditioner control panel, air conditioner control panel with the air conditioner electricity is connected, is used for control the temperature T of air conditioner, the air conditioner is used for adjusting the internal temperature in cabin, the temperature of air conditioner with the internal temperature in cabin is the same. According to the real-time temperature in the cabin body, the rotating speed of the negative pressure fan is adjusted so as to keep the proper temperature in the cabin body and the proper pressure difference with the outside, thereby providing a comfortable and stable rescue environment for patients and facilitating the development of rescue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical equipment, in particular to a negative pressure device and an ambulance.
Background
In the field of medical equipment, when a virulent infectious patient takes a common ambulance in the process of transport such as hospitalization and transfer, viruses and aerosol pollutants with high infectivity, which are emitted by the infectious patient through physiological activities such as respiration, can be spread outwards through openings, gaps and the like of the ambulance which are not tightly sealed, and further can cause infectious disease threat to pedestrians or nearby residents on a traffic trunk with dense urban population.
When transporting and first-aid the patient with serious infection or the patient with biological pollution, the negative pressure protection device is started, the polluted air in the vehicle is filtered by the sub-high efficiency filter and the high efficiency filter to remove the harmful substances such as biological aerosol, and the clean air is discharged out of the vehicle by the exhaust flange, the negative pressure protection of not higher than-40 Pa can be formed in the carriage, and the environment along the outside of the vehicle is protected from being polluted. The average filtering efficiency of the negative pressure protection system to the biological aerosol is not less than 99.93 percent. The carriage air current tissue of negative pressure protection emergency tender not only influences the thermal comfort of personnel in the carriage, influences the motion diffusion and the distribution state of biological aerosol in the carriage moreover, and then influences personnel's safety degree in the carriage.
In the related technology, a standard stretcher table and a stretcher are installed on the left side of a sickroom, a fixed seat is installed on the right side of the sickroom, and the positions and the number of the seats can be adjusted. The centrifugal fan and the high-efficiency filter are arranged below the seat or on the head of a patient, and the other configurations are the same as those of a common ambulance. The negative pressure filtering system of the negative pressure ambulance is positioned at the head of a patient, although polluted gas is discharged through the filtering system, the gas flow in the ambulance is single, the negative pressure value is too low, and the negative pressure exhaust can cause the vortex motion of the middle part, the tail part and the two side wall areas of the carriage, thereby influencing the distribution form of airflow tissues and the motion diffusion of pollutants in the carriage. Can cause vortex flow in the ambulance, and cause the polluted gas to be left in the ambulance cabin and not be discharged.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a negative pressure device which solves the technical problem that in the prior art, more gas vortexes are formed in the closed space of an ambulance.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a negative pressure device comprising: the negative pressure fan comprises two negative pressure fans, a cabin body and a pressure difference meter, wherein the two negative pressure fans are arranged at the tail end of the cabin body, each negative pressure fan comprises an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air inlets are arranged in the cabin body; the air outlet is arranged outside the cabin body; the pressure difference meter is arranged in the cabin body and displays the pressure difference between the cabin body and the external air pressure; the preset negative pressure range of the chamber body is between a first pressure P1 and a second pressure P2, and the first pressure P1 is smaller than the second pressure P2; the air conditioner control panel is electrically connected with the air conditioner and used for controlling the temperature T of the air conditioner, the air conditioner is used for adjusting the temperature in the cabin body, and the temperature of the air conditioner is the same as the temperature in the cabin body; when the pressure difference is lower than a first pressure P1, reducing the rotation speed of the negative pressure fan; when the pressure difference is higher than the second pressure P2, determining whether the temperature T of the air conditioner is within a preset temperature range, if the temperature T is within the preset temperature range, increasing the rotating speed of the negative pressure fan, if the temperature T is not within the preset temperature range, adjusting the temperature of the air conditioner to be within the preset temperature range by the air conditioner control panel, re-determining the pressure difference between the cabin and the outside air pressure, comparing the pressure difference with the first pressure and the second pressure, and determining the rotating speed of the negative pressure fan according to the comparison result.
Further, the preset temperature range is between a first temperature T1 and a second temperature T2, wherein the first temperature T1 is less than the second temperature T2; setting a room temperature standard matrix T0(A0, B0 and W0), wherein A0 represents the standard age of a set patient, B0 represents the standard body temperature of the set patient, W0 represents the standard outdoor temperature, and determining a first temperature T1 and a second temperature T2 according to the real-time age, the real-time body temperature and the real-time outdoor temperature of the real-time patient.
Further, the first temperature T1, T1 ═ 0.9 × [ T0 × (a/a0) + T0 × (B/B0) + T0 × (W/W0) ]/3 is set; in the formula, T0 represents the preset standard room temperature, a represents the age of the current patient, B represents the real-time body temperature of the current patient, and W represents the real-time outdoor temperature.
Further, the second temperature T2, T2 ═ 1.1 ═ T0 (a/a0) + T0 (B/B0) is set
+ T0 (W/W0) ]/3; wherein, T0 represents the preset standard room temperature, A represents the age of the current patient; b is
Representing the current patient's real-time body temperature; w represents the real-time outdoor temperature at which it is located.
Further, a standard room temperature and age matrix (Ai, T01i) is set, wherein Ai represents age groups, T01i represents a preset standard room temperature corresponding to each age group, A1 represents an age between 0 and 10, A2 represents an age between 11 and 20, A3 represents an age between 21 and 30, A013, A4 represents an age between 31 and 40, A014, A5 represents an age between 41 and 50, A015, A6 represents an age between 51 and 60, A016 and A7 represent an age between 61 and 70, A017, A8 represent an age between 71 and 80, T and A9 represent an age between 81 and 90, T019, A10 represents an age between 91 and 100, corresponding standard room temperature T0110; setting a standard room temperature and body temperature matrix (Bi, T02i), wherein Bi represents the body temperature, T02i represents the standard room temperature corresponding to the body temperature, B1 represents the body temperature is lower than the normal body temperature, the corresponding standard room temperature T021, B2 represents the normal body temperature, the corresponding standard room temperature T022, and B3 represents the body temperature is higher than the normal body temperature, and the corresponding standard room temperature T023; setting a matrix (Wi, T03i) of standard room temperatures and outdoor temperatures, wherein Wi represents the outdoor temperature, T03i represents the corresponding standard room temperature, W1 represents the temperature lower than 18 degrees, the corresponding standard room temperature T031, W2 represents the temperature between 18 degrees and 28 degrees, the corresponding standard room temperature T032, W3 represents the temperature higher than 28 degrees, the corresponding standard room temperature T033; the first temperature T1 ═ 0.95 ═ T01i + T02i + T03i)/3], and the second temperature T2 ═ 1.05 ═ T01i + T02i + T03 i)/3.
Further, the air conditioner is cold and hot all-in-one, the air exit setting of air conditioner is in the upper end of the cabin body, the air intake setting of air conditioner is in the lower extreme of the cabin body, the air intake with the air exit all sets up in the cabin body.
Furthermore, the negative pressure device also comprises a condensed water collector and a pipeline, wherein the condensed water collector is arranged on an exhaust pipeline of the engine, and the condensed water collector guides liquid in a condenser in the cooling and heating integrated machine to the condensed water collector through the pipeline.
The negative pressure fan is characterized by further comprising a first filtering device, a second filtering device and a third filtering device, wherein the first filtering device comprises a first filtering core, a second filtering core and a third filtering core, gas discharged by the negative pressure fan sequentially passes through the first filtering core, the second filtering core and the third filtering core and then is discharged out of the cabin, and the first filtering core and the third filtering core are efficient filters; the second filter element is a sub-high efficiency filter, the second filter device is arranged at the air inlet, and the third filter device is arranged at the air outlet; and the air entering the air conditioning system is discharged from the air outlet after passing through the air inlet, the second filtering device and the third filtering device.
Further, negative pressure device still includes a plurality of sterilamp, first switch and second switch, the sterilamp sets up in the cabin, be used for right the internal gas in cabin disinfects, the first switch with the sterilamp electricity is connected, the second switch with the negative pressure air fan electricity is connected, first on-off control the sterilamp, second on-off control negative pressure air fan.
The invention also provides an ambulance comprising a negative pressure device as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the negative pressure fan is arranged at the tail end of the cabin body, so that the airflow in the cabin body is directional airflow under the action of the negative pressure fan, the generation of vortex is effectively avoided, the rotating speed of the negative pressure fan is adjusted according to the real-time temperature in the cabin body, the proper temperature and the proper pressure difference with the outside are kept in the cabin body, a comfortable and stable rescue environment is provided for patients, and the rescue is convenient to develop.
The negative pressure device provided by the invention provides a stable negative pressure environment and a proper cabin temperature for a patient according to a lot of real-time change information, so that negative effects on treatment caused by too low temperature can be avoided, and the treatment of the patient is facilitated.
According to the negative pressure device provided by the invention, the filtering devices are required to be arranged at the air outlet and the air inlet of the air conditioner and at the negative pressure fan for filtering harmful substances such as biological aerosol in the air, so that the health of medical personnel can be protected, the discharged gas is pollution-free, and no health threat can be caused to other people.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a negative pressure device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the direction of the air flow in the negative pressure device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a negative pressure fan and a filtering device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the airflow direction in the negative pressure fan and the filtering device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a negative pressure fan and a filter assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a rear view of an ambulance provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a right side view of an ambulance provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a left side view of an ambulance provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described below with reference to examples; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms of direction or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The negative pressure device provided by the invention can be applied to ambulances, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the negative pressure device comprises a negative pressure fan 1, a cabin 2, a pressure difference meter 3, an air conditioner 4 and an air conditioner control panel 5, wherein two negative pressure fans 1 are arranged at the tail end of the cabin 2 and respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the cabin 2, the negative pressure fan 1 comprises an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet is arranged inside the cabin 2, the air outlet is arranged outside the cabin 2, the pressure difference meter 3 is arranged inside the cabin 2 and displays the pressure difference between the cabin 2 and the external air pressure, the preset negative pressure range of the cabin 2 is between a first pressure P1 and a second pressure P2, the first pressure P1 is smaller than the second pressure P2, the air conditioner control panel 5 is electrically connected with the air conditioner 4 and is used for controlling the temperature T of the air conditioner, the air conditioner 4 is used for adjusting the temperature inside the cabin 2, and, when the real-time pressure difference between the cabin body 2 and the outdoor space is lower than the first pressure P1, the rotating speed of the negative pressure fan 1 is reduced, so that the gas exhausted from the cabin body 2 by the negative pressure fan 1 is less, the total amount of the gas in the cabin body 2 is further increased, the pressure difference is further increased, and the pressure difference originally lower than the first pressure is increased to the preset negative pressure range as soon as possible. When the pressure difference is higher than the second pressure P2, determining whether the temperature T of the air conditioner is within a preset temperature range, if the temperature of the current cabin body 2 is within the preset temperature range, increasing the rotating speed of the negative pressure fan 1, if the temperature T is not within the preset temperature range, firstly adjusting the temperature of the air conditioner 4 to be within the preset temperature range, after adjusting the temperature to be within the preset temperature range, re-determining the pressure difference between the cabin body 2 and the external air pressure, respectively comparing the pressure difference with the first pressure and the second pressure, and then determining to increase or decrease the rotating speed of the negative pressure fan 1 according to the comparison result so that the pressure in the cabin body 2 is within the preset negative pressure range.
In the negative pressure device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the negative pressure fan 1 is arranged at the tail end of the cabin body 2, so that the airflow in the cabin body 2 is directional airflow under the action of the negative pressure fan, the generation of vortex is effectively avoided, the rotating speed of the negative pressure fan is adjusted according to the real-time temperature in the cabin body 2, the proper temperature in the cabin body 2 is kept, the proper pressure difference with the outside is kept, a comfortable and stable rescue environment is provided for patients, and the rescue is convenient to develop.
Specifically, in the practical application process, the preset temperature range in the cabin is between a first temperature T1 and a second temperature T2, wherein the first temperature T1 is less than the second temperature T2, a room temperature standard matrix T0(a0, B0, W0) is set, wherein a0 represents the standard age of a patient, B0 represents the standard body temperature of the patient, and W0 represents the standard outdoor temperature, and the first temperature T1 and the second temperature T2 are determined according to the real-time age, the real-time body temperature, and the real-time outdoor temperature of the patient, so that the temperature and the pressure in the cabin 2 are all closely related, and the temperature is selected according to the real-time actual condition of the patient.
Specifically, the current patient is a leg fracture patient, the leg fracture patient is 75 years old, the current body temperature is 38 degrees, the outdoor temperature is 22 degrees, the first temperature T1 and the second temperature T2 are determined according TO a preset room temperature standard matrix TO and the actual situation of the current patient, and the room temperature standard matrix is set TO normalize all patients, so that the temperature under the negative pressure environment can be quickly adjusted, the physical state of the patient can be matched with the current cabin environment, and the treatment can be conveniently carried out.
As will be understood by those skilled in the art, in the actual operation process, there are various methods for selecting the temperature inside the cabin, sometimes the vital signs of the patient are taken as the primary consideration, sometimes the freshness of the reagent materials used in the treatment process is taken as the primary consideration, sometimes the environment in which the treatment device is used is taken as the primary consideration, and several methods for determining the preset cabin temperature range will be described below in connection with the actual situation, specifically, setting the first temperature T1, T1 to 0.9 [ T0 (a/a0) + T0 (B/B0) + T0 (W/W0) ]/3; in the formula, T0 represents a preset standard room temperature, a represents the age of the current patient, B represents the real-time body temperature of the current patient, and W represents the real-time outdoor temperature, the method for determining the first temperature provided by the embodiment of the present invention combines the age of the patient, the real-time body temperature, and the real-time outdoor temperature to provide the patient with a safe transition from the outside of the cabin body to the inside of the cabin body, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of accidents such as aggravation of the patient due to the discrepancy between the temperature in the cabin body and the body temperature or age of the patient. Additionally the second temperature T2, T2 ═ 1.1 ═ T0 (a/a0) + T0 (B/B0) + T0 (W/W0) ]/3; wherein, T0 represents the preset standard room temperature, A represents the age of the current patient; b represents the current real-time body temperature of the patient; w represents the real-time outdoor temperature at which it is located. The setting of the second temperature is combined with the actual situation of the current patient, so that the patient can adapt to the environment in the cabin body conveniently, the second temperature can be merged into the treatment environment as soon as possible, and the medical care personnel can conveniently carry out related treatment.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in practical applications, there is also a method for determining the preset temperature range, specifically, a standard room temperature and age matrix (Ai, T01i) is set, wherein Ai represents age groups, T01i represents a preset standard room temperature corresponding to each age group, a1 represents an age of 0-10, a corresponding standard room temperature T011, a2 represents an age of 11-20, a corresponding standard room temperature T012, A3 represents an age of 21-30, a corresponding standard room temperature T013, a4 represents an age of 31-40, a corresponding standard room temperature T014, a5 represents an age of 41-50, a corresponding standard room temperature T015, a6 represents an age of 51-60, a corresponding standard room temperature T016, a7 represents an age of 61-70, a corresponding standard room temperature T017, A8 represents an age of 71-80, corresponding standard room temperature T018, A9 for age 81-90, corresponding standard room temperature T019, A10 for age 91-100, corresponding standard room temperature T0110; setting a standard room temperature and body temperature matrix (Bi, T02i), wherein Bi represents the body temperature, T02i represents the standard room temperature corresponding to the body temperature, B1 represents the body temperature is lower than the normal body temperature, the corresponding standard room temperature T021, B2 represents the normal body temperature, the corresponding standard room temperature T022, and B3 represents the body temperature is higher than the normal body temperature, and the corresponding standard room temperature T023; setting a matrix (Wi, T03i) of standard room temperatures and outdoor temperatures, wherein Wi represents the outdoor temperature, T03i represents the corresponding standard room temperature, W1 represents the temperature lower than 18 degrees, the corresponding standard room temperature T031, W2 represents the temperature between 18 degrees and 28 degrees, the corresponding standard room temperature T032, W3 represents the temperature higher than 28 degrees, the corresponding standard room temperature T033; the first temperature T1 ═ 0.95 ═ T01i + T02i + T03i)/3], and the second temperature T2 ═ 1.05 ═ T01i + T02i + T03 i)/3. In the embodiment of the invention, the age, the body temperature and the outdoor temperature of the patient are divided more carefully, different age groups, different body temperatures and different outdoor temperatures all affect the determination of the first temperature and the second temperature, and further affect the rotating speed of the negative pressure fan, namely, the negative pressure device, the patient and the external environment form a dynamic stable system, and the determination of the first temperature and the second temperature can be affected by different age groups, the same body temperature, the same outdoor temperature, the same age groups, different body temperatures and different outdoor temperatures, and further affect the working state of the negative pressure fan.
The negative pressure device provided by the embodiment of the present invention provides a stable negative pressure environment and an appropriate cabin temperature for a patient according to a lot of real-time changing information, so as to facilitate treatment of the patient, which will be described in detail below with reference to the actual situation, assuming that the current patient is 75 years old, the current body temperature is 38 degrees, and the outdoor temperature is 22 degrees, then the age segment where the current patient is located is A8, the corresponding standard room temperature is T018, the body temperature is higher than the normal body temperature and is B3, the corresponding standard room temperature is T023, the outdoor temperature is 22 degrees, and belongs to the range of W2, and the corresponding standard room temperature is T032, so that the first temperature required by the patient is T1 0.95 [ (T018+ T023+ T032)/3], the second temperature is T2 ═ 1.05 [ (T018+ T032)/3], which is no longer described as an example, the optimal environment temperature range required by the patient is quickly obtained, the negative influence on treatment caused by too low temperature is avoided, and the smooth proceeding of the treatment is ensured. In the practical application process, the first temperature and the second temperature may be selected according to the estimated required rescue time, which is not limited herein.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the negative pressure device includes a negative pressure fan 1, a cabin 2, a pressure difference meter 3, an air conditioner 4, and an air conditioner control panel 5, wherein the air conditioner 4 is a cooling and heating integrated machine, an air outlet 41 of the air conditioner 4 is disposed at the upper end of the cabin 2, an air inlet 42 of the air conditioner 4 is disposed at the lower end of the cabin 2, both the air inlet 42 and the air outlet 41 are disposed in the cabin 2, and the flow direction of the air is shown in fig. 2.
The cabin body 2 is a cuboid space; the air outlet 41 comprises a plurality of circular grid structures, and the air outlet 41 is transversely arranged; the air inlet 42 is strip-shaped and is provided with a plurality of groups of grid structures.
In practical application, the jet action of the air outlet 41 of the air conditioner gives an initial velocity to the air, and the initial velocity is weakened as the distance from the air outlet 41 increases, so as to form the air flow. The negative pressure fan 1 and the air inlet 42 also act to accelerate the air flow in the cabin 2.
The specific working process is as follows: the air emitted from the air outlet 41 of the air conditioner 4 is emitted from the upper part of the cabin body 2, moves to the upper part of the negative pressure fan 1 along the top part of the cabin body 1, and is accelerated again under the action of the negative pressure fan 1 to enter the air inlet of the negative pressure fan 1. The air inlet 42 of the air conditioner is arranged right below the air outlet 41 of the air conditioner, and due to the suction force of the air inlet 42, a certain amount of air is sucked and exhausted again through the air outlet 41 of the air conditioner, and most of the air is sucked by the negative pressure fan 1 at the tail end of the cabin body 2 and exhausted outside the cabin body 2 after being purified.
In the embodiment of the invention, the negative pressure fan 1 is arranged at the tail end of the cabin body 2, so that the gas flow of the cabin body 2 tends to a single path, and the generation of vortex is reduced.
In particular, in order to sterilize and filter the gas in the negative pressure environment, the negative pressure device provided by the embodiment of the invention further comprises a first filtering device 6, a second filtering device 7 and a third filtering device 8,
the first filtering device 6 comprises a first filtering core 61, a second filtering core 62 and a third filtering core 63, the gas discharged by the negative pressure fan 1 sequentially passes through the first filtering core 61, the second filtering core 62 and the third filtering core 63 and then is discharged out of the cabin 2, and the first filtering core 61 and the third filtering core 63 are high-efficiency filters; the second filter element 62 is a sub-high efficiency filter, the second filter device 7 is arranged at the air inlet 42, and the third filter device 8 is arranged at the air outlet 41; the air entering the air conditioner 4 is exhausted from the air outlet 41 after passing through the air inlet 42, the second filtering device 7 and the third filtering device 8.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the first filter element 61, the second filter element 62 and the third filter element 63 are all filter cartridges, the centers of which serve as gas inlet passages, and gas is discharged through the radial directions of the filter cartridges, thereby completing the filtration of the gas. The gas can also enter the center of the filter cartridge in the radial direction of the filter cartridge and is discharged in the axial direction after being filtered, the negative pressure fan 1, the first filter element 61, the second filter element 62 and the third filter element 63 provided by the invention form a purification device module, the module has the function of filtering the gas entering the negative pressure fan so that the gas entering the cabin body 2 is purified and then discharged out of the cabin body, as shown in figure 4, the gas flow direction of the module is that under the action of the negative pressure fan 1, the gas enters from the axial direction of the first filter element 61, is discharged in the radial direction, enters the negative pressure fan 1, enters from the axial direction of the second filter element 62 after being discharged from the negative pressure fan 1, then enters from the radial direction of the second filter element 62, and finally enters from the radial direction of the third filter element and is discharged in the axial direction, the negative pressure device provided by the embodiment of the invention filters most harmful virus particles in the air through the three filter elements arranged at the position of the negative pressure fan 1, the gas exhausted from the cabin body 2 is clean, and the harm and the influence to other people can not be caused. In the embodiment of the invention, the second filtering device 7 and the third filtering device 8 are arranged at the air inlet 42 and the air outlet 41 of the air conditioner 4, so that the air entering the air conditioner 4 is filtered and then discharged, and the air circulating in the air conditioner 4 is ensured to be clean. In order to disinfect the gas in the cabin body 2, firstly, the harm of the gas in the cabin body 2 to the outside can be avoided, secondly, the medical personnel in the cabin body 2 are protected, therefore, at the air outlet of the vortex negative pressure fan 1, a filtering device is required to be arranged at the air outlet and the air inlet of the air conditioner, and the filtering device is used for filtering harmful substances such as biological aerosol in the air, so that the health of the medical personnel can be protected, the discharged gas is pollution-free, and the health threat to other people can not be caused.
More specifically, referring to fig. 1, 2 and 5, the negative pressure device provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include a plurality of disinfection lamps 9, a first switch 10 and a second switch 11, where the disinfection lamps 9 are disposed in the cabin 2 to disinfect gas in the cabin 2, the first switch 10 is electrically connected to the disinfection lamps 9, the second switch 11 is electrically connected to the negative pressure fan 1, the first switch 10 controls the disinfection lamps 9, and the second switch 11 controls the negative pressure fan 1.
The first switch is connected with the disinfection lamp, the disinfection lamp is arranged in the cabin body 1, and the disinfection lamp can disinfect the air in the cabin body, so that the safety of medical personnel in the cabin body is ensured.
Specifically, the negative pressure device provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a condensed water collector (not shown in the figure) and a pipeline, the condensed water collector is disposed on an exhaust pipeline of the engine, and the condensed water collector guides the liquid in the condenser in the cooling and heating integrated machine to the condensed water collector through the pipeline.
The virus possibly existing in the liquid in the condenser is gasified and disinfected by arranging the condensed water collector, the temperature on the exhaust pipe of the engine is higher, the liquid can be effectively gasified and then disinfected, and then the disinfected gas is discharged.
As will be further described below in connection with a practical ambulance, laminar flow negative pressure ambulances include two air circulating flows, one caused by the negative pressure device and one caused by the ambulance's air conditioning system. The negative pressure device is used for making the air pressure in the cabin body lower than the external air pressure, the adopted means is that the turbofan is used for continuously conveying the air in the cabin body to the outside of the cabin body, the existing cabin body also has the problem of tightness and an air inlet of the cabin body, the air pressure value of the cabin body depends on the entering air and the original air minus the exhausted air, and the air discharged by the turbofan is far larger than the air entering the cabin body, so that the negative pressure state in the cabin body can be maintained. The air conditioning system of the ambulance may comprise two parts, one being an indoor circulation system and one being an open ventilation system; the indoor circulating system of the air conditioner comprises an air inlet and an air outlet, wherein the air inlet and the air outlet are both arranged in the cabin body; the open ventilation system is characterized in that the air outlet of the air conditioner is also connected with a ventilation fan, the ventilation fan is connected with the outside, and the ventilation fan is arranged at the top of the cabin body and can be used for introducing fresh air into the air conditioner.
Because the cabin body is in a relatively stable negative pressure environment, the air flow and the flow velocity of the fresh air port and the air outlet of the negative pressure fan are strictly controlled.
Referring to fig. 6-8, the ambulance provided by the present invention is further illustrated, the negative pressure device is supported by a sealed cabin, and the embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by taking the cabin of the ambulance as an example. The upper part of the sealed cabin body is provided with a ventilation fan which is connected with an air conditioner in the cabin body, the air conditioner comprises an air outlet and an air inlet, the air outlet is arranged at the upper part in the cabin body, the air inlet is arranged at the lower part in the cabin body, and the air outlet and the air inlet are both arranged at the front end of the cabin body. The tail end of the cabin body is also provided with two turbofan fans, the air outlet of the turbofan is provided with three filter elements, the air purification device is arranged at the air outlet and the air inlet, a pressure difference meter is arranged in the cabin body and used for detecting and displaying the real-time pressure difference in the cabin body, the cockpit is also arranged outside the cabin body, an air conditioner control panel can be arranged in the cabin body, a negative pressure fan switch and a disinfection lamp switch are arranged, the switch of the negative pressure fan is connected with the vortex fan and used for controlling the vortex fan, the disinfection lamp switch is connected with a disinfection lamp, the disinfection lamp is arranged in the cabin body, and the disinfection lamp can disinfect the air in the cabin body. The sterilizing lamps are not shown in the figures. A sealed observation window is further arranged between the isolated cockpit and the cockpit body, and transparent glass is further mounted on the sealed observation window and used for communication between medical personnel in the cockpit body and people in the cockpit.
The cabin body is a cuboid space; the air outlet of the air conditioner comprises a plurality of circular grid structures, and the air outlets are transversely arranged; the air inlet is strip-shaped and is provided with a plurality of groups of grid structures.
In the practical application process, the jet action of the air outlet of the air conditioner can give an initial speed to the air, and the initial speed can be weakened along with the increase of the original distance from the air outlet, so that the air flow is formed. And the action of the turbine fan and the air inlet can accelerate the air flow in the cabin body.
Still be provided with other auxiliary assembly on practical application's ambulance, like medical personnel's seat, medical personnel's seat sets up at the cabin internal, still including the space that holds the stretcher of getting on the bus, medical personnel's seat sets up the place ahead at the stretcher of getting on the bus, and the medical personnel of being convenient for observe patient's real-time situation at any time, hold best treatment opportunity, still be provided with the wall cabinet in the top of the ambulance cabin body, still be provided with the oxygen cylinder in negative-pressure air fan's top, be convenient for rescue for the disease. A stretcher is arranged on a sliding door which is pulled open in two directions of an ambulance, a stair chair stretcher is fixed on one side of the sliding door, and a shovel stretcher is arranged on the other side of the sliding door, so that the stretcher can be conveniently selected according to actual conditions when patients are received. An intercommunication device is arranged in the cabin body of the ambulance, and is convenient for communicating with personnel in a front row driving cabin of the ambulance. A12 v disinfection lamp is arranged above the air outlet of the air conditioner, and can disinfect the air discharged from the air conditioner. In the embodiment of the invention, the cabin body is also internally provided with a fire extinguisher, and the fire extinguisher is arranged beside the negative pressure fan and is used for extinguishing fire under the condition of emergency fire, so that the safety of the ambulance is ensured.
So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention; various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A negative pressure device, comprising: a negative pressure fan, a cabin body and a pressure difference meter,
the two negative pressure fans are arranged at the tail end of the cabin body, each negative pressure fan comprises an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air inlets are arranged inside the cabin body; the air outlet is arranged outside the cabin body;
the pressure difference meter is arranged in the cabin body and displays the pressure difference between the cabin body and the external air pressure;
the preset negative pressure range of the chamber body is between a first pressure P1 and a second pressure P2, and the first pressure P1 is smaller than the second pressure P2;
the air conditioner control panel is electrically connected with the air conditioner and used for controlling the temperature T of the air conditioner, the air conditioner is used for adjusting the temperature in the cabin body, and the temperature of the air conditioner is the same as the temperature in the cabin body;
when the pressure difference is lower than a first pressure P1, reducing the rotation speed of the negative pressure fan;
when the pressure difference is higher than a second pressure P2, determining whether the temperature T of the air conditioner is within a preset temperature range, if the temperature T is within the preset temperature range, increasing the rotating speed of the negative pressure fan, if the temperature T is not within the preset temperature range, adjusting the temperature of the air conditioner to be within the preset temperature range by the air conditioner control panel, re-determining the pressure difference between the cabin and the external air pressure, comparing the pressure difference with the first pressure and the second pressure, and determining the rotating speed of the negative pressure fan according to the comparison result;
the preset temperature range is between a first temperature T1 and a second temperature T2, wherein the first temperature T1 is less than the second temperature T2; setting a room temperature standard matrix T0(A0, B0 and W0), wherein A0 represents the standard age of a set patient, B0 represents the standard body temperature of the set patient, W0 represents the standard outdoor temperature, and determining a first temperature T1 and a second temperature T2 according to the real-time age, the real-time body temperature and the real-time outdoor temperature of the real-time patient.
2. Negative pressure device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the first temperature T1 is set,
T1=0.9 * [T0 * (A/A0）+ T0 *（B/B0） +T0 *（W/W0)]/3；
in the formula, T0 represents the preset standard room temperature, a represents the age of the current patient, B represents the real-time body temperature of the current patient, and W represents the real-time outdoor temperature.
3. Negative pressure device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the second temperature T2 is set,
T2=1.1 * [T0 * (A/A0）+ T0 *（B/B0） +T0 *（W/W0)]/3；
wherein, T0 represents the preset standard room temperature, A represents the age of the current patient; b represents the current real-time body temperature of the patient; w represents the real-time outdoor temperature at which it is located.
4. The negative pressure device according to claim 1,
setting a standard room temperature and age matrix (Ai, T01i), wherein Ai represents age groups, T01i represents preset standard room temperatures corresponding to each of the age groups, A1 represents ages 0-10, corresponding standard room temperatures T011, A2 represents ages 11-20, corresponding standard room temperatures T012, A3 represents ages 21-30, corresponding standard room temperatures T013, A4 represents ages 31-40, corresponding standard room temperatures T014, A5 represents ages 41-50, corresponding standard room temperatures T015, A6 represents ages 51-60, corresponding standard room temperatures T016, A7 represents ages 61-70, corresponding standard room temperatures T017, A8 represents ages 71-80, corresponding standard room temperatures T018, A9 represents ages 81-90, corresponding standard room temperatures T019, A10 represents ages 91-100, corresponding standard room temperature T0110;
setting a standard room temperature and body temperature matrix (Bi, T02i), wherein Bi represents the body temperature, T02i represents the standard room temperature corresponding to the body temperature, B1 represents the body temperature is lower than the normal body temperature, the corresponding standard room temperature T021, B2 represents the normal body temperature, the corresponding standard room temperature T022, and B3 represents the body temperature is higher than the normal body temperature, and the corresponding standard room temperature T023;
setting a matrix (Wi, T03i) of standard room temperatures and outdoor temperatures, wherein Wi represents the outdoor temperature, T03i represents the corresponding standard room temperature, W1 represents the temperature lower than 18 degrees, the corresponding standard room temperature T031, W2 represents the temperature between 18 degrees and 28 degrees, the corresponding standard room temperature T032, W3 represents the temperature higher than 28 degrees, the corresponding standard room temperature T033;
the first temperature T1=0.95 × [ (T01i + T02i + T03i)/3],
the second temperature T2=1.05 x [ (T01i + T02i + T03i)/3 ].
5. The negative pressure device of claim 1, wherein the air conditioner is a cooling and heating all-in-one machine, the air outlet of the air conditioner is arranged at the upper end of the cabin body, the air inlet of the air conditioner is arranged at the lower end of the cabin body, and the air inlet and the air outlet are both arranged in the cabin body.
6. The negative pressure device according to claim 5, further comprising a condensate collector disposed on an exhaust pipe of the engine and a pipe for guiding the liquid in the condenser of the cooling and heating integrated machine to the condensate collector.
7. The negative pressure device according to claim 5, further comprising a first filter device, a second filter device, and a third filter device,
the first filtering device comprises a first filtering core, a second filtering core and a third filtering core, gas discharged by the negative pressure fan sequentially passes through the first filtering core, the second filtering core and the third filtering core and then is discharged out of the cabin body, and the first filtering core and the third filtering core are high-efficiency filters; the second filter element is a sub-high efficiency filter, the second filter device is arranged at the air inlet, and the third filter device is arranged at the air outlet; and the air entering the air conditioning system is discharged from the air outlet after passing through the air inlet, the second filtering device and the third filtering device.
8. The negative pressure device according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of disinfection lamps, a first switch and a second switch, wherein the disinfection lamps are arranged in the cabin body and used for disinfecting gas in the cabin body, the first switch is electrically connected with the disinfection lamps, the second switch is electrically connected with the negative pressure fan, the first switch controls the disinfection lamps, and the second switch controls the negative pressure fan.
9. An ambulance comprising a negative pressure device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CN202010360700.7A CN111409419B (en) | 2020-04-30 | 2020-04-30 | Negative pressure device and ambulance |
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| CN111588554B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-10-30 | 江西江铃汽车集团改装车股份有限公司 | Positive and negative pressure ambulance |
| CN112223977A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-01-15 | 浙江鼎信空调科技(集团)有限公司 | Bus is with device of killing 1nm-500nm dangerous microorganism |
| CN112693287B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-08-23 | 曼胡默尔滤清器（上海）有限公司 | Negative pressure system of vehicle, control method of negative pressure system and passenger vehicle |
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| CN101936589B (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2012-08-15 | 苏州安泰空气技术有限公司 | Method for treating harmful aerosol in relatively sealed space |
| CN203244512U (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-10-23 | 深圳市尚荣医疗股份有限公司 | Negative pressure system of medical treatment cabin of ambulance |
| CN204133725U (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2015-02-04 | 广东海乔专用汽车技术开发有限公司 | A kind of adjustable negative-pressure system and a kind of special vehicle |
| CN105708629A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-06-29 | 孙汉军 | Negative pressure cabin for intensive care compartment |
| CN207545354U (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-06-29 | 刘翼 | A kind of ambulance medical chamber negative pressure system |
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