CN111408773B - Inclination angle eccentric composite hole milling device and working method - Google Patents
Inclination angle eccentric composite hole milling device and working method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111408773B CN111408773B CN202010307818.3A CN202010307818A CN111408773B CN 111408773 B CN111408773 B CN 111408773B CN 202010307818 A CN202010307818 A CN 202010307818A CN 111408773 B CN111408773 B CN 111408773B
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Abstract
An inclination angle eccentric composite hole milling device and a working method belong to the field of hole making of carbon fiber composite materials. The inclination angle adjusting module is positioned in the middle of the device, the eccentric adjusting module is positioned outside the inclination angle adjusting module, the force measuring module is installed on the inclination angle adjusting module, the revolution module is arranged on the machine base module, and the machine base module realizes the feeding of the device through the linear feeding module. The inclination of the cutter and the central axis can be adjusted through the inclination angle adjusting module, the eccentricity between the cutter and the central axis can be adjusted through the eccentric adjusting module, and the large-diameter spiral hole milling can be realized through the combined action of the inclination angle adjusting module and the eccentric adjusting module. According to the invention, the encoder and the locker are respectively arranged on the inclination angle adjusting module and the eccentric adjusting module, so that high-precision and high-stability processing can be realized. Compared with other spiral hole milling devices, the spiral hole milling device has the advantages of wide machining range, high automation degree, more reliable machining quality and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hole making of carbon fiber composite materials, and particularly relates to an inclination angle eccentric composite hole milling device and a working method.
Background
With the progress and development of advanced aviation manufacturing technology, typical high-performance aviation materials represented by carbon fiber composite materials are more widely applied, and the advantages of light overall structure, low energy consumption, structural reliability improvement and the like of the airplane are achieved. In the process of airplane assembly, the processing quality of the connecting hole has important influence on the service life and safety of the airplane. When the composite material is processed by using the traditional drilling process, the processing defects such as layering, tearing, burrs and the like are easy to occur, the cutter is seriously worn, and the processing precision and quality are low. In order to overcome the defects generated during the processing of typical difficult-to-process materials represented by carbon fiber composite materials, a spiral hole milling process is carried out at the same time.
Compared with the traditional drilling hole making method, the spiral hole milling method effectively reduces the axial force in the cutting process, ensures that the cutting-in and cutting-out are more stable, and effectively inhibits the defects of tearing, layering and the like of the processed surface in the hole making process. The spiral milling processing is characterized in that the diameter of the cutter is smaller than that of the processing hole, and different hole diameters can be processed by the same cutter by adjusting the eccentricity. In recent years, the spiral hole milling process has gradually replaced the traditional drilling process due to good processing characteristics, and has been popularized and applied to processing of difficult-to-process materials such as composite materials. However, when the traditional machine tool is used for carrying out spiral hole milling machining, the machining precision is low, the operation is complex, the machining efficiency is low, and the original machining effect of the spiral hole milling process cannot be achieved, so that the development of a novel spiral hole milling device for replacing the traditional machine tool becomes the key for popularizing the spiral hole milling machining.
Although the spiral hole milling device (publication number is CN102408351A) disclosed in the prior art has the advantages of small size, light weight, and easy operation compared with the conventional machining tool. But still have some defects simultaneously, for example the rotation angle precision of eccentric adjustment axle is low, eccentric adjustment axle and revolution axis rotation uniformity are poor, the problem such as processing aperture is restricted. Particularly, when the hole is spirally milled for large aperture (diameter is 15mm-25mm) of carbon fiber composite material, the existing spiral hole milling device still has many problems, as the distance between the rotation axis of the cutter and the revolution axis is larger, the problems of cutter trembling, low hole making precision and the like are more easily generated, the hole processing quality is influenced, burrs at the outlet of a machined part are still serious, and even the phenomenon that fibers at the outlet cannot be cut off occurs. Therefore, a more advanced or innovative hole making process and apparatus is needed to achieve high efficiency, high precision, high quality, and wider hole making hole machining.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an inclination angle eccentric composite hole milling device and a working method, which can perform large-aperture hole milling under the combined action of inclination angle and eccentricity when a carbon fiber composite material is used for hole milling, and simultaneously ensure the hole milling quality and precision.
The device adjusting precision is high, job stabilization nature is good, and provides a novel inclination hole milling mode, can the eccentric combined action hole milling in inclination, and has advantages such as cutting force is low, the heat dissipation space is big, system hole high quality.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an inclination angle eccentric composite hole milling device comprises an inclination angle adjusting module, an eccentric adjusting module, a force measuring module, a machine base module, a revolution module and a linear feeding module; the inclination angle adjusting module is positioned in the middle of the device; the eccentric adjusting module is positioned at the outer side of the inclination angle adjusting module; the force measuring module is arranged on the inclination angle adjusting module; the revolution module is arranged on the base module; the machine base module realizes device feeding through the linear feeding module.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the inclination angle eccentric composite hole milling device and the working method, the inclination angle between the cutter and the feeding axis can be adjusted within a certain range, and the cutter is enabled to rotate around the feeding axis by keeping an inclination angle in a revolution state, so that spiral inclination angle machining is formed. Compared with drilling and spiral hole milling, the method for drilling the carbon fiber composite plate has the advantages that the heat dissipation space is larger, burrs at an inlet and an outlet are less, the axial force and the radial force are reduced, the service life of a cutter is guaranteed, and the surface quality and the precision of drilling are improved. When a workpiece is cut, cutting force borne by a cutter is transmitted to the force measuring module through the electric spindle support, the cutting force can be collected in real time, the inclination angle eccentric composite effect hole milling can be integrated by adjusting the inclination angle adjusting module and the eccentric adjusting module, milling of a larger hole diameter (the diameter is 15mm-25mm) is carried out, and IT 9-level processing accuracy can still be guaranteed.
2. The inclination of the cutter and the central axis can be adjusted through the inclination angle adjusting module, the eccentricity between the cutter and the central axis can be adjusted through the eccentric adjusting module, and the large-diameter spiral hole milling can be realized through the combined action of the inclination angle adjusting module and the eccentric adjusting module. According to the invention, the encoder and the locker are respectively arranged on the inclination angle adjusting module and the eccentric adjusting module, so that high-precision and high-stability processing can be realized. Compared with other spiral hole milling devices, the spiral hole milling device has the advantages of wide machining range, high automation degree, more reliable machining quality and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a main sectional view of the overall structure of the eccentric compound hole milling device with an inclination angle of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of the assembly of the tilt angle adjustment module and the force measurement module;
FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view of an eccentric adjustment module;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of tilt adjustment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of eccentric adjustment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the eccentric adjustment of the tilt angle;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at A;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 at B;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3 at C;
the names and reference numbers of the components referred to in the above figures are as follows:
in the figure, a tool 1, an electric spindle 2, a shaft sleeve 3, a front drum-shaped ring 4, a front concave ring 5, a variable-inclination-angle sleeve inner ring 6, an inner sliding sleeve 7, an outer sliding sleeve 8, a rear drum-shaped ring 9, a rear concave ring 10, a variable-inclination-angle sleeve 11, a positioning ring 12, an inclination-angle rotary driver 13, an inclination-angle rotary encoder 14, an inclination-angle locker 15, a variable-eccentric sleeve 16, an eccentric outer sleeve 17, an inner flange sleeve 18, an outer flange sleeve 19, an eccentric rotary driver 20, an eccentric rotary encoder 21, an eccentric locker 22, a force sensor 23, a front stress ring 24, a rear stress ring 25, a conductive sliding ring 26, a fixed sliding ring 27, a cylindrical roller bearing 28, a spacer 29, a synchronous belt 30, a housing 31, a supporting seat 32, a large belt wheel 33, a base 34, a guide rail 35, a slide block 36, a ball screw 37, a feeding servo motor 38, a pressure foot device 39 and a workpiece holder 40 are arranged.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1-3, the present embodiment discloses an inclination eccentric composite hole milling device, which comprises an inclination adjustment module, an eccentric adjustment module, a force measurement module, a machine base module, a revolution module and a linear feeding module;
the inclination angle adjusting module is positioned in the middle of the device; the eccentric adjusting module is positioned at the outer side of the inclination angle adjusting module; the force measuring module is arranged on the inclination angle adjusting module; the revolution module is arranged on the base module; the machine base module realizes device feeding through the linear feeding module.
The second embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1 to 9, this embodiment is further described with respect to the first embodiment, and the tilt angle adjusting module includes a tool 1, an electric spindle 2, a shaft sleeve 3, a front drum-shaped ring 4, a front concave ring 5, a tilt angle sleeve inner ring 6, an inner sliding sleeve 7, an outer sliding sleeve 8, a rear drum-shaped ring 9, a rear concave ring 10, a tilt angle sleeve 11, a plurality of positioning rings 12, a tilt angle rotation driver 13, a tilt angle rotation encoder 14, and a tilt angle locker 15; the eccentric adjusting module comprises an eccentric sleeve changing sleeve 16, an eccentric outer sleeve 17, an inner flange sleeve 18, an outer flange sleeve 19, an eccentric rotary driver 20, an eccentric rotary encoder 21 and an eccentric locker 22; the force measuring module comprises three force sensors 23, a front stress ring 24 and a rear stress ring 25; the machine base module comprises a conductive slip ring 26, a slip ring fixing sleeve 27, two cylindrical roller bearings 28, a spacer bush 29, a shell 31 and a supporting seat 32; the revolution module comprises a synchronous belt 30, a small belt wheel, a large belt wheel 33 and a revolution servo motor; the linear feeding module comprises a base 34, a guide rail 35, a slide block 36, a ball screw 37 and a feeding servo motor 38;
the cutter 1 is arranged at the front end of the electric spindle 2, and a shaft sleeve 3 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the electric spindle 2 (the shaft sleeve 3 is arranged to protect the electric spindle 2 and to be connected with other structures in an installing manner); the front drum-shaped ring 4 is fixedly sleeved at the front part of the shaft sleeve 3, a front concave ring 5 is arranged on the outer side of the front drum-shaped ring 4, a lubricating grease groove I is arranged between the front drum-shaped ring 4 and the front concave ring 5, and the front drum-shaped ring 4 and the front concave ring 5 are connected through an arc surface and can rotate mutually (the purpose is to keep the central position of the front drum-shaped ring 4 unchanged when the inclination angle is adjusted); the variable-inclination-angle sleeve inner ring 6 is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the front concave ring 5, and the variable eccentric sleeve 16 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the variable-inclination-angle sleeve inner ring 6; the inner sliding sleeve 7 is fixedly sleeved at the rear part of the outer side of the shaft sleeve 3, a rear drum-shaped ring 9 is arranged at the outer side of the inner sliding sleeve 7 and is in clearance fit with the inner sliding sleeve 7, the outer side of the rear drum-shaped ring 9 is in arc connection with a rear concave ring 10, an outer sliding sleeve 8 is arranged at the outer side of the rear concave ring 10, a variable-inclination-angle sleeve 11 is fixedly arranged at the outer side of the outer sliding sleeve 8, the variable-inclination-angle sleeve 11 is sleeved in a variable-eccentric sleeve 16, the variable-eccentric sleeve 16 is connected with the variable-inclination-angle sleeve 11 through an inclination-angle rotation driver 13, and the variable-inclination-angle sleeve 16 and the variable-inclination-angle sleeve 11 can rotate relatively under the action of the inclination-angle rotation driver 13; the front end of the front drum-shaped ring 4, the front end and the rear end of the inner sliding sleeve 7 and the front end of the outer sliding sleeve 8 are respectively provided with a positioning ring 12 (the positioning ring 12 plays an axial fixing role), and a lubricating grease groove II is arranged between the rear drum-shaped ring 9 and the rear concave ring 10;
the variable inclination angle sleeve 11 is an eccentric sleeve, an inclination angle rotary driver 13 and an inclination angle rotary encoder 14 are installed on the outer side of the rear end of the variable inclination angle sleeve 11 (the inclination angle rotary encoder 14 can detect the rotating angle of the inclination angle rotary driver 13 in real time, the inclination angle rotary encoder 14 can also be used for realizing zero setting and calibration of an inclination angle before or during machining), and the rear end of the variable inclination angle sleeve 16 is detachably connected with the front end of the inner flange sleeve 18 (through bolts); an eccentric rotary driver 20 and an eccentric rotary encoder 21 are installed on the outer side of the rear end of the inner flange sleeve 18 from front to back (the eccentric rotary encoder 21 can detect the rotation angle of the eccentric rotary driver 20 in real time and can also be used for zeroing and calibrating the eccentric distance); the eccentric outer sleeve 17 is sleeved outside the variable eccentric sleeve 16, the rear end of the eccentric outer sleeve 17 is detachably connected with the front end (through a bolt) of the outer flange sleeve 19, the outer side of the eccentric outer sleeve 17 is connected with the shell 31 (providing internal support and revolution conditions) through two cylindrical roller bearings 28, and a spacer 29 is arranged between the two cylindrical roller bearings 28; the rear part in the outer flange sleeve 19 is connected with the outer ring of the eccentric rotary driver 20, the outer side of the outer flange sleeve 19 is fixedly provided with a large belt pulley 33 (the whole internal structure is driven by the outer flange sleeve 19 to realize revolution), the large belt pulley 33 is connected with a small belt pulley fixed on a revolution servo motor through a synchronous belt 30, the revolution servo motor is fixedly arranged on a supporting seat 32 (the small belt pulley is fed or returned together with the electric spindle 2), and a revolution module drives the outer flange sleeve 19 through the synchronous belt 30 to further drive the eccentric outer sleeve 17 to realize revolution in the cylindrical roller bearing 28;
the eccentric locker 22 is located on the eccentric rotary driver 20 (can lock any position of the stator and the rotor inside the eccentric rotary driver 20, and keeps the inclination angle and the eccentricity unchanged in the machining process); the eccentric rotating driver 20 drives the variable eccentric sleeve 16 to rotate in the eccentric outer sleeve 17, so as to drive the whole internal structure of the variable eccentric sleeve 16 to generate radial offset, thereby adjusting the eccentricity; the inclination locker 15 is provided on the inclination rotary actuator 13; an inner ring rotor of the inclination angle rotating driver 13 is connected with the outer wall of the inclination angle variable sleeve 11, an outer ring stator of the inclination angle rotating driver 13 is connected with the inner wall of the eccentric variable sleeve 16 (the inclination angle variable sleeve 11 can be controlled to rotate in the eccentric variable sleeve 16, so that the rear part of the electric spindle 2 generates radial deviation, the central point of the rear drum-shaped ring 9 generates deviation, and the central point of the front drum-shaped ring 4 does not change, so that the inclination angle of a cutter is adjusted);
the front stress ring 24 and the rear stress ring 25 are fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the shaft sleeve 3 and positioned at the front end of the rear drum-shaped ring 9, three force sensors 23 are uniformly fixed between the front stress ring 24 and the rear stress ring 25 (the three force sensors are uniformly distributed so as to ensure that the front stress ring 24 and the rear stress ring 25 are uniformly stressed and avoid inaccurate force measurement), the conductive sliding ring 26 is arranged on the outer side of a sliding ring fixing sleeve 27, and the sliding ring fixing sleeve 27 is connected with the rear end of a shell 31; the shell 31 is mounted on the support seat 32 (to ensure the stability of the whole device in the working process, the base module realizes the support and protection of the inclination angle module and the eccentric module in the device); the support seat 32 is fixedly arranged on the slide block 36; the guide rail 35, the sliding block 36, the ball screw 37 and the feeding servo motor 38 are all installed on the base 34, and the feeding servo motor 38 drives the supporting seat 32 to do linear motion on the guide rail 35 through the ball screw 37, so that feeding of the device is achieved.
The third concrete implementation mode: as shown in fig. 2 and 8: in the first embodiment, the front stress ring 24 is a circular ring, and a plurality of first threaded holes are axially formed in the end surface of the front stress ring 24; the rear stress ring 25 is a stepped ring (a circular ring), a plurality of threaded holes II which are in one-to-one correspondence with the threaded holes I are axially arranged on the end face of the rear stress ring 25, and the three force sensors 23 are uniformly distributed between the front stress ring 24 and the rear stress ring 25 and are fixed by bolts; the front side of the front stress ring 24 and the rear side of the rear stress ring 25 are respectively positioned by the positioning ring 12 (the force measuring module realizes the real-time detection and collection of cutting force in the machining process and provides a basis for the subsequent tool wear analysis).
The fourth concrete implementation mode: as shown in fig. 1 and 7, in the present embodiment, a first specific embodiment is further described, the revolution module further includes an inclination eccentric compound hole milling device, a presser foot device 39 and a workpiece holder 40; a presser foot device 39 and a workpiece clamp 40 are arranged on the base 34; the workpiece clamp 40 is arranged at the foremost end of the base 34 (for fixing the workpiece); the pressure foot device 39 is located between the workpiece fixture 40 and the support base 32 (the pressure foot device 39 can press the workpiece tightly to increase the pretightening force, so as to improve the processing stability, the feed of the pressure foot device 39 can be controlled by the feed servo motor 38 in the processing process, the pressure foot device 39 is contacted with the workpiece material to generate the pretightening force, so as to improve the stability of the workpiece material in the hole making process). The construction of the presser foot arrangement 39 itself is prior art.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: as shown in fig. 1, 3, 7 and 9, in the present embodiment, the cable of the electric spindle 2 is led out through the inner hole of the conductive slip ring (which effectively solves the winding problem during the revolution of the device).
The sixth specific implementation mode is as follows: as shown in fig. 1 to 9, this embodiment is an operating method of an inclination angle eccentric composite hole milling device according to any one of the second to fifth embodiments, and includes the following steps:
a. determining the inclination angle and the eccentricity of the cutter 1 according to the diameter of the target hole and the diameter of the cutter 1;
b. the zero point of the inclination angle rotary driver 13 and the eccentric rotary driver 20 is zero-set and locked;
c. the inclination angle rotation driver 13 is started to drive the inclination angle changing sleeve 11 to rotate in the eccentric changing sleeve 16, the central point of a rear concave ring 10 installed at the rear part of the electric spindle 2 is deviated downwards due to the eccentric action of the inclination angle changing sleeve 11, but the position of a front end inclination angle changing sleeve inner ring 6 is unchanged, namely the central point of a front concave ring 5 is unchanged, under the action of the contact of the front concave ring 5 and the rear concave ring 10 with the arc surfaces of a front drum-shaped ring 4 and a rear drum-shaped ring 9, the electric spindle 2 inclines to generate an inclination angle, meanwhile, the rear concave ring 10 and the rear drum-shaped ring 9 can shift in the outer sliding sleeve 8 and the inner sliding sleeve 7, and after the inclination angle adjustment is finished, the inclination angle locker 15 is started to lock the inclination angle rotation driver 13;
d. starting an eccentric rotation driver 20 to drive the variable eccentric sleeve 16 to rotate in the eccentric outer sleeve 17, simultaneously driving all electric spindle structures in the variable eccentric sleeve 16 to rotate together, generating an eccentric distance under the eccentric action of the variable eccentric sleeve 16, and starting an eccentric locker 22 to lock the eccentric rotation driver 20 after the eccentric adjustment is finished;
e. starting a revolution servo motor to start revolution;
f. starting the electric spindle 2 to realize the autorotation of the cutter 1;
g. and starting the presser foot device 39 to feed, and simultaneously starting the feeding servo motor 38 to realize the linear feeding of the cutter 1 until the hole making is finished.
The seventh embodiment: as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the present embodiment is further described with respect to the sixth embodiment, and in step b, the zero point positions of the pitch rotary actuator 13 and the eccentric rotary actuator 20 are checked by the pitch rotary encoder 14 and the eccentric rotary encoder 21, and the zero point positions are zeroed and locked.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 2 and 8, the tool 1 is mounted on the electric spindle 2, and the center of the front drum-shaped ring 4 is 114.5mm away from the center of the rear drum-shaped ring 9; the inclination angle range is 0-3 degrees, and the eccentricity range is 0-4 mm. The diameter of the inner circular surface of the shaft sleeve 4 is 119mm, the length is 320mm, the outer diameter is stepped, the diameter of the outer circular surface at the front end is 136mm, and the diameter of the outer circular surface at the rear end is 132 mm. The front part of the shaft sleeve 3 is provided with an end cover, a first threaded connecting hole is arranged on the end cover of the shaft sleeve 3, a shaft shoulder is arranged in the middle of the outer wall of the shaft sleeve 3, 4 first annular positioning grooves are distributed in the outer wall of the shaft sleeve 3, the shaft sleeve 3 not only has the function of protecting the inner electric spindle 2, but also has the function of connecting structures such as an inclination angle adjusting angle with the outside.
As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 8, the diameter of the inner circular surface of the front force-bearing ring 24 of the force-measuring module is 136mm, the diameter of the outer circular surface is 160mm, the width is 5mm, and a plurality of first threaded holes are axially formed in the end surface of the front force-bearing ring 24. The rear stress ring 25 of the force measuring module is in a step shape, the diameter of the inner circular surface is 136mm, the diameter of the outer circular surface of the first step is 160mm when the diameter of the first step is changed from 160mm to 150mm, the diameter of the outer circular surface of the second step is 150mm, and a second threaded hole is formed in the rear stress ring 25 and is consistent with the first threaded hole of the front stress ring 24 in position (a plurality of second threaded holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the first threaded holes are axially formed in the end surface of the rear stress ring 25). When the force sensor 23 is fixed, a certain small preload is required to be arranged between the front stress ring 24 and the rear stress ring 25, before the force measurement is started, the preload is cleared, then the cutting force is measured, and if no preload exists, the force measurement is inaccurate.
As shown in fig. 2 and 8, the diameter of the inner circular surface of the variable inclination sleeve inner ring 6 is 190mm, the diameter of the outer circular surface is 218mm, the length is 110mm, the inner diameter central axis deviates from the outer diameter central axis by 6mm, the front end of the variable inclination sleeve inner ring 6 is provided with an end cover, and a second threaded connecting hole is arranged on the end cover of the variable inclination sleeve inner ring 6.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 8, the drum-shaped rings (i.e. the front drum-shaped ring 4 and the rear drum-shaped ring 9) have an inner surface with a diameter of 136mm and a width of 80mm, and have a drum-shaped arc-shaped outer side. The diameter of the outer circle surface of the concave ring (the front concave ring 5 and the rear concave ring 10) is 190mm, the width is 70mm, the inner side is in an inwards concave arc shape and can be matched with a drum-shaped ring (namely, the front drum-shaped ring 4 is matched with the front concave ring 5, and the rear drum-shaped ring 9 is matched with the rear concave ring 10); and gaps of 1mm are reserved between the front side and the rear side of the rear drum-shaped ring 9 and the positioning ring 12 of the inner sliding sleeve 7.
As shown in fig. 3 and fig. 9, the variable inclination sleeve 11 is in a stepped cylindrical shape, the diameter of the outer circular surface of the first step is 218mm, the length is 228mm, the diameter of the inner circular surface of the front end is 196mm, the middle part is provided with a second annular positioning groove (arranged on the inner wall of the variable inclination sleeve 11), the diameter of the inner circular surface of the rear end is 190mm, and the central axis of the inner diameter is 4mm away from the central axis of the outer diameter; the second step is smaller in outer diameter than the first step, and the eccentric rotary actuator 20 is mounted on the second step.
As shown in figures 2 and 8, the diameter of the external circular surface of the inner sliding sleeve 7 is 136mm, the diameter of the internal circular surface is 132mm, and the length is 82 mm. The diameter of the outer circular surface of the outer sliding sleeve 8 is 196mm, the diameter of the inner circular surface is 190mm, and the length is 82 mm; the inner sliding sleeve 7 and the outer sliding sleeve 8 are made of metal copper.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 4, which is a schematic diagram of the inclination angle adjustment, a solid line is a tool center line at an initial position, a dotted line is a tool center line after adjustment, the inclination angle-variable sleeve 11 rotates in the eccentric-variable sleeve 16, it can be seen that as the inclination angle-variable sleeve 11 rotates, the thicknesses of the cylinder walls at the upper and lower sides (i.e. the cylinder wall of the inclination angle-variable sleeve 11) change, and the center point of the back concave ring 10 installed at the rear part of the electric spindle 2 is shifted downward due to the eccentric action of the inclination angle-variable sleeve 11; because the front end variable inclination sleeve inner ring 6 is fixedly connected with the variable eccentric sleeve 16, the position is unchanged, and the central point O of the front concave ring 5 is unchanged; under the arc contact support of the concave rings (referring to the front concave ring 5 and the rear concave ring 10) and the drum rings (referring to the front drum ring 4 and the rear drum ring 9), the electric spindle 2 is inclined to generate an inclination angle, and the rear concave ring 10 and the rear drum ring 9 generate a small movement in the outer sliding sleeve 8 and the inner sliding sleeve 7, wherein the included angle between the solid line and the imaginary line is the deflection angle in the figure. When the variable-inclination sleeve rotates for one circle, the angle adjusting range of the inclination angle theta is 0-3 degrees, and when the inclination angle is 0 degree, only eccentricity can be adjusted to carry out spiral hole milling. Point O1 in fig. 4 is the center point of the front drum ring 4 after the adjustment of the inclination angle.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 5, which is an eccentric adjustment schematic diagram, a solid line is a tool center line at an initial position, and a dotted line is an adjusted tool center line, it can be clearly seen that as the variable eccentric sleeve 16 rotates in the eccentric outer sleeve 17, the thicknesses of the cylinder walls at the upper and lower sides (referring to the cylinder walls of the variable eccentric sleeve 16) change, the variable eccentric sleeve 16 drives all the electric spindle structures inside to rotate together, an eccentric distance e is generated under the eccentric action of the variable eccentric sleeve 16, and the distance between the solid line and the dotted line in the diagram is the eccentric distance at this time. When the variable eccentric sleeve 16 rotates for one circle, the adjustment range of the eccentric distance e is 0-4 mm. When the eccentricity e is 0, only the inclination angle can be adjusted to mill the hole. Point O2 in fig. 5 is the front drum ring center point after eccentric adjustment.
Example 4:
as shown in fig. 6, which is a schematic diagram of the inclination eccentricity combined action, the adjustment sequence is based on the principle of from inside to outside, the inclination angle is adjusted first, after the adjustment of the inclination angle is completed, the locking is fixed, and then the eccentricity is adjusted. Firstly, the inclination angle rotary driver 13 and the eccentric rotary driver 20 are adjusted back to the zero position and locked; then, the locking state of the inclination angle locker 15 is released, the inclination angle rotary driver 13 is started to drive the inclination angle variable sleeve 11 to rotate in the eccentric variable sleeve 16, the central point of a rear concave ring 10 arranged at the rear part of the electric spindle 2 is deviated downwards due to the eccentric action of the inclination angle variable sleeve 11, but the position of a front end inclination angle variable sleeve inner ring 6 is unchanged, the central point of a front concave ring 5 is unchanged, under the arc contact action of concave rings (a front concave ring 5 and a rear concave ring 10) and drum rings (a front drum ring 4 and a rear drum ring 9), the electric spindle 2 tilts to generate an inclination angle theta, meanwhile, the rear concave ring 10 and the rear drum ring 9 slightly shift in the outer sliding sleeve 8 and the inner sliding sleeve 7, the inclination angle adjustment is finished, the inclination angle rotary encoder 14 detects the rotation angle, and the inclination angle locker 15 locks the inclination angle rotary driver 13; then, the eccentric locker 22 releases the locking state, the eccentric rotation driver 20 drives the variable eccentric sleeve 16 to rotate in the eccentric outer sleeve 17, meanwhile, the variable eccentric sleeve 16 drives all the electric spindle structures in the variable eccentric sleeve to rotate together, an eccentric distance is generated under the eccentric action of the variable eccentric sleeve 16, the eccentric adjustment is finished, the eccentric rotation encoder 21 detects the rotation angle, and the eccentric locker 22 locks the eccentric rotation driver 20. In the figure, the solid line and the dotted line respectively represent the initial central axis and the central axis after adjustment under the eccentric combined action of the inclination angle, the hole-making radius is obviously increased, and the hole-making diameter increase range is 0-14 mm. When the diameter of the manufactured hole is 0, the normal drilling without eccentric deflection angle can be realized.
The cutter 1, the inclination angle rotary driver 13, the inclination angle rotary encoder 14, the inclination angle locker 15, the eccentric rotary driver 20, the eccentric rotary encoder 21, the eccentric locker 22, the force sensor 23, the cylindrical roller bearing 28, the synchronous belt 30, the ball screw 37 and the feeding servo motor 38 are all purchased parts.
The working principle of the inclination angle eccentric composite hole milling device and the working method is as follows:
selecting a processing mode according to the diameter of the target hole and the diameter of the cutter: inclined angle milling holes, eccentric milling holes and eccentric deflection angle composite milling holes; if the inclination angle hole milling mode is selected, the rear part of the electric spindle 2 generates radial deviation, the center point of the rear drum-shaped ring 9 generates deviation, and the center point of the front drum-shaped ring 4 does not change by controlling the variable inclination angle sleeve 11 to rotate in the variable eccentric sleeve 16, so that the inclination angle of the cutter 1 is adjusted; if the eccentric hole milling mode is selected, the eccentric rotating driver 20 drives the variable eccentric sleeve 16 to rotate in the eccentric outer sleeve 17, and the whole internal structure of the variable eccentric sleeve 16 is driven to generate radial offset, so that the eccentric distance is adjusted; if the deflection angle eccentric composite hole milling mode is selected, the inclination angle is adjusted through the inclination angle adjusting module, and the eccentricity is adjusted through the eccentric adjusting module after the inclination angle is locked, so that the deflection angle eccentric composite function is achieved.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an eccentric compound hole milling device in inclination which characterized in that: the device comprises an inclination angle adjusting module, an eccentric adjusting module, a force measuring module, a machine base module, a revolution module and a linear feeding module; the inclination angle adjusting module is positioned in the middle of the device; the eccentric adjusting module is positioned outside the inclination angle adjusting module; the force measuring module is arranged on the inclination angle adjusting module; the revolution module is arranged on the base module; the machine base module realizes device feeding through the linear feeding module; the inclination angle adjusting module comprises a cutter (1), an electric spindle (2), a shaft sleeve (3), a front drum-shaped ring (4), a front concave ring (5), an inclination angle-variable sleeve inner ring (6), an inner sliding sleeve (7), an outer sliding sleeve (8), a rear drum-shaped ring (9), a rear concave ring (10), an inclination angle-variable sleeve (11), a plurality of positioning rings (12), an inclination angle rotary driver (13), an inclination angle rotary encoder (14) and an inclination angle locker (15); the eccentric adjusting module comprises an eccentric sleeve (16), an eccentric outer sleeve (17), an inner flange sleeve (18), an outer flange sleeve (19), an eccentric rotary driver (20), an eccentric rotary encoder (21) and an eccentric locker (22); the force measuring module comprises three force sensors (23), a front force bearing ring (24) and a rear force bearing ring (25); the engine base module comprises a conductive slip ring (26), a slip ring fixing sleeve (27), two cylindrical roller bearings (28), a spacer bush (29), a shell (31) and a supporting seat (32); the revolution module comprises a synchronous belt (30), a small belt wheel, a large belt wheel (33) and a revolution servo motor; the linear feeding module comprises a base (34), a guide rail (35), a sliding block (36), a ball screw (37) and a feeding servo motor (38);
the cutter (1) is arranged at the front end of the electric spindle (2), and a shaft sleeve (3) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the electric spindle (2); the front drum-shaped ring (4) is fixedly sleeved at the front part of the shaft sleeve (3), a front concave ring (5) is arranged on the outer side of the front drum-shaped ring (4), a first lubricating grease groove is formed between the front drum-shaped ring (4) and the front concave ring (5), and the front drum-shaped ring (4) and the front concave ring (5) are connected through an arc surface and can rotate mutually; the variable-inclination-angle sleeve inner ring (6) is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the front concave ring (5), and the variable-eccentric sleeve (16) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the variable-inclination-angle sleeve inner ring (6); the inner sliding sleeve (7) is fixedly sleeved at the rear part of the outer side of the shaft sleeve (3), a rear drum-shaped ring (9) is arranged at the outer side of the inner sliding sleeve (7) and is in clearance fit with the inner sliding sleeve, the outer side of the rear drum-shaped ring (9) is in arc connection with a rear concave ring (10), an outer sliding sleeve (8) is arranged at the outer side of the rear concave ring (10), a variable-inclination-angle sleeve (11) is fixedly arranged at the outer side of the outer sliding sleeve (8), the variable-inclination-angle sleeve (11) is sleeved in a variable-eccentric sleeve (16), and the variable-eccentric sleeve (16) is connected with the variable-inclination-angle sleeve (11) through an inclination-angle rotary driver (13); positioning rings (12) are respectively arranged at the front end of the front drum-shaped ring (4), the front end and the rear end of the inner sliding sleeve (7) and the front end of the outer sliding sleeve (8), and a lubricating grease groove II is arranged between the rear drum-shaped ring (9) and the rear concave ring (10);
the variable inclination angle sleeve (11) is an eccentric sleeve, an inclination angle rotary driver (13) and an inclination angle rotary encoder (14) are installed on the outer side of the rear end of the variable inclination angle sleeve (11), and the rear end of the variable inclination angle sleeve (16) is detachably connected with the front end of the inner flange sleeve (18); an eccentric rotary driver (20) and an eccentric rotary encoder (21) are arranged on the outer side of the rear end of the inner flange sleeve (18) from front to back; the eccentric outer sleeve (17) is sleeved on the outer side of the variable eccentric sleeve (16), the rear end of the eccentric outer sleeve (17) is detachably connected with the front end of the outer flange sleeve (19), the outer side of the eccentric outer sleeve (17) is connected with the outer shell (31) through two cylindrical roller bearings (28), and a spacer bush (29) is arranged between the two cylindrical roller bearings (28); the rear part in the outer flange sleeve (19) is connected with the outer ring of the eccentric rotary driver (20), a large belt wheel (33) is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the outer flange sleeve (19), the large belt wheel (33) is connected with a small belt wheel fixed on a revolution servo motor through a synchronous belt (30), the revolution servo motor is fixedly arranged on a supporting seat (32), and a revolution module drives the outer flange sleeve (19) through the synchronous belt (30) so as to drive the eccentric outer sleeve (17) to realize revolution in a cylindrical roller bearing (28); the eccentric locker (22) is positioned on the eccentric rotary driver (20); the eccentric rotating driver (20) drives the variable eccentric sleeve (16) to rotate in the eccentric outer sleeve (17) to drive the whole internal structure of the variable eccentric sleeve (16) to generate radial offset, so that the eccentric distance is adjusted; the inclination locker (15) is arranged on the inclination rotary driver (13); an inner ring rotor of the dip angle rotary driver (13) is connected with the outer wall of the variable dip angle sleeve (11), and an outer ring stator of the dip angle rotary driver (13) is connected with the inner wall of the variable eccentric sleeve (16); the front stress ring (24) and the rear stress ring (25) are fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the shaft sleeve (3) and positioned at the front end of the rear drum-shaped ring (9), three force sensors (23) are uniformly fixed between the front stress ring (24) and the rear stress ring (25), the conductive sliding ring (26) is installed on the outer side of the sliding ring fixing sleeve (27), and the sliding ring fixing sleeve (27) is connected with the rear end of the shell (31); the shell (31) is arranged on the supporting seat (32); the supporting seat (32) is fixedly arranged on the sliding block (36); the guide rail (35), the sliding block (36), the ball screw (37) and the feeding servo motor (38) are all installed on the base (34), and the feeding servo motor (38) drives the supporting seat (32) to do linear motion on the guide rail (35) through the ball screw (37), so that feeding of the device is achieved.
2. The inclined angle eccentric composite hole milling device according to claim 1, wherein: the front stress ring (24) is a circular ring, and a plurality of first threaded holes are axially formed in the end face of the front stress ring (24); the rear stress ring (25) is a stepped ring, a plurality of threaded holes II which correspond to the threaded holes I one by one are axially formed in the end face of the rear stress ring (25), and the three force sensors (23) are uniformly distributed between the front stress ring (24) and the rear stress ring (25) and are fixed by bolts; the front side of the front stress ring (24) and the back side of the back stress ring (25) are respectively positioned by a positioning ring (12).
3. The inclined angle eccentric composite hole milling device according to claim 1, wherein: the revolution module further comprises an inclination angle eccentric composite hole milling device, a pressure foot device (39) and a workpiece clamp (40); a presser foot device (39) and a workpiece clamp (40) are arranged on the base (34); the workpiece clamp (40) is arranged at the foremost end of the base (34); the presser foot device (39) is positioned between the workpiece clamp (40) and the supporting seat (32).
4. The inclined angle eccentric composite hole milling device according to claim 1, wherein: the cable of the electric main shaft (2) is led out through the inner hole of the conductive slip ring.
5. An operating method of the inclination angle eccentric composite hole milling device as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
a. determining the inclination angle and the eccentricity of the cutter (1) according to the diameter of the target hole and the diameter of the cutter (1);
b. zero-point zero setting and locking of the inclination angle rotary driver (13) and the eccentric rotary driver (20);
c. the inclination angle rotating driver (13) is started to drive the inclination angle changing sleeve (11) to rotate in the inclination angle changing eccentric sleeve (16), the center point of a rear concave ring (10) installed at the rear part of the electric spindle (2) is deviated downwards due to the eccentric action of the inclination angle changing sleeve (11), but the position of a front end inclination angle changing sleeve inner ring (6) is unchanged, namely the center point of a front concave ring (5) is unchanged, under the contact action of the front concave ring (5) and the rear concave ring (10) with the arc surfaces of a front drum ring (4) and a rear drum ring (9), the electric spindle (2) is inclined to generate an inclination angle, meanwhile, the rear concave ring (10) and the rear drum ring (9) can shift in the outer sliding sleeve (8) and the inner sliding sleeve (7), and after the inclination angle is adjusted, the inclination angle locker (15) is started to lock the inclination angle rotating driver (13);
d. starting an eccentric rotation driver (20), driving a variable eccentric sleeve (16) to rotate in an eccentric outer sleeve (17), simultaneously driving all electric spindle structures in the variable eccentric sleeve (16) to rotate together, generating an eccentric distance under the eccentric action of the variable eccentric sleeve (16), and starting an eccentric locker (22) to lock the eccentric rotation driver (20) after the eccentric adjustment is finished;
e. starting a revolution servo motor to start revolution;
f. starting the electric spindle (2) to realize the autorotation of the cutter (1);
g. and starting the presser foot device (39) to feed, and simultaneously starting the feeding servo motor (38) to realize the linear feeding of the cutter (1) until the hole making is finished.
6. The working method of the inclination angle eccentric composite hole milling device according to claim 5, characterized in that:
in the step b, the zero point positions of the inclination angle rotary driver (13) and the eccentric rotary driver (20) are checked by using the inclination angle rotary encoder (14) and the eccentric rotary encoder (21), and the zero point positions are zeroed and locked.
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| CN114425701B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-10-24 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Push type eccentric deflection angle processing and adjusting device |
| CN114871825A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-09 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Adjusting device of eccentric sleeve type spiral hole making equipment |
| CN116423219B (en) * | 2023-05-19 | 2023-12-05 | 沈阳华秦航发科技有限责任公司 | Spiral hole milling device and method on numerical control machine tool |
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