CN111404608A - Visible light communication method - Google Patents
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- CN111404608A CN111404608A CN202010203603.7A CN202010203603A CN111404608A CN 111404608 A CN111404608 A CN 111404608A CN 202010203603 A CN202010203603 A CN 202010203603A CN 111404608 A CN111404608 A CN 111404608A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
- H04B10/114—Indoor or close-range type systems
- H04B10/116—Visible light communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
- H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
- H04B10/0795—Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/54—Intensity modulation
- H04B10/541—Digital intensity or amplitude modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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- H04B10/564—Power control
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Abstract
The invention provides a visible light communication method, which implements a non-orthogonal multiple access mode and comprises the steps of respectively obtaining channel gains of a light source and K users within a beam divergence angle range of the light source, arranging the optical power of the light source to the K users according to the sequence of the channel gains from small to large, distributing higher optical power to the users with low gain, setting the sending rate of the light source to the K users and distributing lower sending rate to the users with low gain, respectively modulating data to be sent of the K users in an on-off keying mode to obtain K signals, superposing the K signals to obtain superposed signals, sending the superposed signals in an optical signal mode through the light source, and further detecting the signal of the kth user through a demultiplexing algorithm. The invention is beneficial to improving the error rate performance of the user by distributing lower speed to the user with poorer channel quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication, in particular to a visible light communication method.
Background
The wireless optical communication is a novel communication mode without using a wired channel as a transmission medium, combines the advantages of optical fiber communication and microwave communication, has the advantages of high-speed transmission and large communication capacity, and does not need to lay optical fibers, so that the research on the wireless optical communication is widely regarded nowadays.
In an indoor visible light system, along with the continuous development of smart homes, the intelligent household system has access requirements for not only human users, but also various intelligent furniture and intelligent sensors. When using the access service, these users sometimes need only to transmit some instructions or some simple sensing data, and do not need a high-speed transmission service, but only use a lower-speed transmission service to meet the requirement. However, the existing visible light communication system generally adopts the on-off keying with the same rate to transmit and receive information, and has a large limitation, resulting in waste of communication resources and a delay in transmission rate.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide a visible light communication method capable of transmitting with different code rates for different users, so as to solve the above problem.
A visible light communication method is suitable for a visible light communication system, the visible light communication method adopts a non-orthogonal multiple access mode to provide access for users in a light source coverage range, and the visible light communication method comprises the following steps:
S1: respectively obtaining the channel gains of a light source and K users within the beam divergence angle range of the light source, wherein the channel gain of the K user is h k，k＝1，2，…，K；
S2: arranging the optical power of the light source to K users according to the channel gain in the sequence from small to large, and distributing higher optical power to the users with low gain;
S3: setting the sending rate of the light source to K users according to the channel gain sequence obtained in S2, and distributing lower sending rate to the users with low gain;
S4: respectively modulating the data to be sent of the K users in an on-off keying mode according to the parameters set in the S2 and the S3 and the data to be sent to the K users to obtain K signals;
S5: superposing the K signals to obtain superposed signals, and sending the superposed signals in the form of optical signals through a light source;
S6: and the k user receiving the superposed signals demodulates and eliminates k-1 signals before the k user in turn according to the sequence of the channel gains from small to large, and then detects the signals of the k user.
Further, the channel gain h of the kth user kComprises the following steps:
Wherein A is kIs the area of the kth user photodetector, d kIs the distance between the light source and the user k, psi kThe angle between the light emitted by the light source and the optical axis from the kth user, 
Is the angle between the light received by the kth user from the light source and the axis of the photodetector, R (psi) k) Is the lambert radiation intensity of the light source, 
The transmittance of the kth user optical filter, 
For the gain of the kth user concentrator, 
The angle of view of the user's light detector.
Further, the gain of the kth user condenser 
Comprises the following steps:
Where μ is the refractive index.
Further, the lambertian irradiation intensity R (ψ) of the light source k) Comprises the following steps:
Wherein the content of the first and second substances, 
The number of the Langby irradiation order;
Wherein psi 1/2Is the half power angle of the light source.
Further, the optical power P of the kth user kComprises the following steps:
where α is the power allocation factor, P tIs the total power of the light source, 
Further, the transmission rate of the kth user 
Transmission rate with k-1 user 
The relationship between them is:
Wherein n is kIs a multiple relation between the sending rate of the kth user and the kth-1 user, n kN is not less than 1 kAre integers.
Step S6 specifically includes:
S61: giving a 1 st user a complete bit signal;
Sampling according to the code rate of the Kth user to obtain 
A plurality of sample values;
Setting N sampling values as vector Y ═ Y 1,y2,…,yN)；
S62: calculating the bit number M of the chi-th user in N sampled values χ：
Calculating the number of samples N contained in each bit χ：
Wherein the initial value of χ is 1, and χ is not more than k;
S63: calculating N of w bit of x user χSum of samples 
Wherein w is 1,2, …, M χ；
Maximum likelihood decision threshold through x user χTo pair 
Making a decision to obtain The w-th bit of the transmission of x users is 0 or 1;
If χ is the first k-1 users, that is, χ is not more than k-1, eliminating the signal amplitude corresponding to the information of the w-th bit of the χ -th user at the position corresponding to the sample value in the vector Y until M of the χ -th user χCompleting demodulation of all bits, and performing addition operation on χ;
If χ is the kth user, that is, χ ═ k, the bit result obtained by the current decision is recorded until M is processed χA bit;
S64: s62 and S63 are repeated until the k-th user separates the signal of the k-th user from the superimposed signal and obtains a bit stream sequence of the signal of the k-th user.
Further, step S6 further includes:
S65: repeating S61-S64 until the superimposed signal is fully demodulated.
Further, the maximum likelihood decision threshold of the chi-th user χComprises the following steps:
Wherein R is PDIs the photoelectric conversion coefficient, h, of the photodetector χChannel gain, P, for the chi-th user tIs the total power of the light source.
Further, according to 
The step of eliminating the signal amplitude corresponding to the information of the w bit of the x user at the position corresponding to the sample value in the vector Y by the judgment result comprises the following steps:
Wherein Y [ (w-1) N χ+1,…,wNχ]Represents (w-1) N in Y χ+1 element to the wN χAn element, P χThe optical power of the x-th user.
The visible light communication method provided by the invention implements a non-orthogonal multiple access method, and each user can use on-off keying (OOK) with different code rates to transmit and receive information through a newly designed multiplexing algorithm and a demultiplexing algorithm. The access mode with variable rate can meet the access requirements of different users, and simultaneously saves the spectrum bandwidth and avoids wasting spectrum resources. Diversified rate services can meet the requirements of various users, thereby reducing the occupation of spectrum resources.
The invention is favorable for improving the error rate performance of the user by distributing lower speed to the user with poorer channel quality, further reducing the possibility of Error Propagation (EP) when a Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) algorithm is used in a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) method, and improving the overall error rate performance of the system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a visible light communication method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for calculating optical power in the visible light communication method according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a flowchart of a demultiplexing algorithm in the visible light communication method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a block diagram of a visible light communication system suitable for the present invention.
Fig. 5 illustrates a communication structure diagram of the visible light communication system illustrated in fig. 4.
Description of the main elements
Visible light communication system 100
The following detailed description will further illustrate the invention in conjunction with the above-described figures.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. It is to be understood that the drawings are provided solely for the purposes of reference and illustration and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention. The dimensions shown in the figures are for clarity of description only and are not to be taken in a limiting sense.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the visible light communication method according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied to a visible light communication system 100, and the visible light communication method provides access to users within a light source coverage area by using a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) method.
Specifically, the visible light communication method includes a multiplexing algorithm for superimposing signals of K users, the multiplexing algorithm including:
S1: respectively obtaining the channel gains of a light source 10 and K users within the beam spread angle range of the light source 10, wherein the channel gain of the K user 20 is h k，k＝1，2，…，K。
Specifically, the channel gain is calculated by obtaining a plurality of values for each user 20, and the channel gain h of the k-th user kComprises the following steps:
Wherein A is kIs the area of the kth user photodetector, d kIs the distance between the light source and the user k, psi kThe angle between the light emitted by the light source and the optical axis from the kth user, 
Is the angle between the light received by the kth user from the light source and the axis of the photodetector, R (psi) k) Is the lambert radiation intensity of the light source, 
The transmittance of the kth user optical filter, 
For the gain of the kth user concentrator, 
The angle of view of the user's light detector.
It can be understood that after the channel gain of each user is calculated, the K channel gains are sorted from small to large, in this embodiment, h 1<h2<…<hK。
Further, the gain of the kth user condenser 
Comprises the following steps:
Where μ is the refractive index.
Further, the lambertian irradiation intensity R (ψ) of the light source k) Comprises the following steps:
Wherein the content of the first and second substances, 
In order of the lambert irradiation, 
Comprises the following steps:
Wherein psi 1/2Is the half power angle of the light source.
S2: and arranging the optical power of the light source 10 to the K users according to the channel gains in the sequence from small to large, and distributing higher optical power to the users with low gains.
In particular, the optical power P of the kth user kComprises the following steps:
where α is the power allocation factor, P tIs the total power of the light source.
In this embodiment, P 1>P2>…>PK。
it is understood that the power distribution factor α is set according to the visible light communication system 100 and the communication requirement of the user, and the total power P of the light source 10 tMay not be constant, assuming that the light source has an average power limit and assuming that the average light power of the light source is P t。
Further, referring to fig. 2, the method for calculating the optical power of each user includes:
S21: setting the total power P of the light source tthe total number K of users, the power distribution factor α, the loop variable K equal to 1, and the loop residual power P r。
As can be appreciated, the first and second, 
In the initial state, P r＝Pt。
S22: and judging whether the optical power is not distributed by the user in the execution, if so, entering the step S23, and if not, entering the step S24.
Specifically, it is determined whether K is smaller than K, and if K is smaller than K, the remaining (K-K) users are not allocated.
S23: and (3) executing the operations in sequence: p 1＝αPr，Pr＝(1-α)PrK +1, and returns to step S22.
S24: and (3) executing the operation: p k＝Pr。
In particular, the optical power P of all K users can be obtained thereby 1,P2,…,PK。
S3: the transmission rates of the light source 10 to K users are set according to the channel gain ranking obtained in S2, and lower transmission rates are assigned to users with low gains.
Specifically, the transmission rate set by the user with small channel gain is also smaller than that of the user with large channel gain, so that the occupation of spectrum resources is reduced.
Further, the transmission rate of the kth user 
Transmission rate with k-1 user 
The relationship between them is:
Wherein n is kIs a multiple relation between the sending rate of the kth user and the kth-1 user, n kN is not less than 1 kAre integers.
S4: and respectively modulating the data to be sent of the K users in an on-off keying mode according to the parameters set in the S2 and the S3 and the data to be sent to the K users to obtain K signals.
In particular, on-off keying (OOK) is a simple form of amplitude shift keying modulation that represents the presence or absence of digital data of a carrier wave and is similar to a single polarity encoded line code.
S5: the K signals are superimposed to obtain a superimposed signal, and emitted as an optical signal by the light source 10.
It can be understood that after the optical signal emitted by the light source 10 is received by the user 20, the optical signal needs to be converted into an electrical signal, where the electrical signal includes signals of K users, and the received user needs to process the signal by using a demultiplexing algorithm to obtain its own signal.
Further, the visible light communication method further includes a demultiplexing algorithm for separating the kth user receiving the superimposed signal from the superimposed signal to obtain a signal of the kth user, where the demultiplexing algorithm includes the steps of:
S6: and the k user receiving the superposed signals demodulates and eliminates k-1 signals before the k user in turn according to the sequence of the channel gains from small to large, and then detects the signals of the k user.
It will be appreciated that the demultiplexing algorithm is performed under conditions where synchronization has been completed.
Specifically, in an embodiment, the step S6 of the demultiplexing algorithm specifically includes the following steps:
S61: giving a 1 st user a complete bit signal;
Sampling according to the code rate of the Kth user to obtain 
A plurality of sample values;
Setting N sampling values as vector Y ═ Y 1,y2,…,yN)。
Further, this piece of data can be referred to as a section.
S62: calculating the bit number M of the chi-th user in N sampled values χ：
Calculating the number of samples N contained in each bit χ：
Wherein the initial value of χ is 1, and χ is not more than k.
Specifically, the data of the 1 st user are processed sequentially, and assuming that the processing reaches the χ user at this time, the M at this time is calculated according to the formula χAnd N χ。
S63: calculating N of w bit of x user χSum of samples 
Wherein w is 1,2, …, M χ；
Maximum likelihood decision threshold through x user χTo pair 
Judging to obtain the w bit of the x user as 0 or 1;
If χ is the first k-1 users, that is, χ is not more than k-1, eliminating the signal amplitude corresponding to the information of the w-th bit of the χ -th user at the position corresponding to the sample value in the vector Y until M of the χ -th user χCompleting demodulation of all bits, and performing addition operation on χ;
If χ is the kth user, that is, χ ═ k, the bit result obtained by the current decision is recorded until M is processed χAnd (4) a bit.
In particular, the maximum likelihood decision threshold of the chi-th user χComprises the following steps:
Wherein R is PDIs the photoelectric conversion coefficient, h, of the photodetector χChannel gain, P, for the chi-th user tIs the total power of the light source.
In particular, according to 
The step of eliminating the signal amplitude corresponding to the information of the w bit of the x user at the position corresponding to the sample value in the vector Y by the judgment result comprises the following steps:
Wherein Y [ (w-1) N χ+1,…,wNχ]Represents (w-1) N in Y χ+1 element to the wN χAn element, P χThe optical power of the x-th user.
S64: s62 and S63 are repeated until the k-th user separates the signal of the k-th user from the superimposed signal and obtains a bit stream sequence of the signal of the k-th user.
Specifically, according to the sequence of the user, after repeating S63 for a certain number of times, the signal of the kth user is obtained, and at this time, it is considered that the data processing of a bar is completed.
In one embodiment, the demultiplexing algorithm further comprises:
S65: the above-described S61-S64 are repeated several times until the data of all sections are processed, and the superimposed signal is completely demodulated.
Specifically, after the data of all sections are processed, that is, the data of all users included in the optical signal is processed.
Further, referring to fig. 3, in an embodiment, the step S6 of the demultiplexing algorithm may further include the following steps:
S601: the kth user samples the fully synchronized electrical signal to obtain a small section of data vector Y.
S602: the initialization setting χ is 1.
S603: it is determined whether χ is equal to or less than k, and if yes, the process proceeds to step S604, and if no, the process proceeds to step S613.
S604: the number of bits M contained at this time is calculated χAnd the number of samples N contained per bit χ。
S605: the initialization setting w is 1.
S606: judging whether w is less than M χIf yes, the process proceeds to step S607, and if no, the process proceeds to step S612.
S607: to the (w-1) th N in the vector Y χ+1 element to The wN χAnd summing the elements, and judging the summation result.
S608: and judging whether the x is equal to the k, if so, entering the step 609, and if not, entering the step 610.
S609: the bit result of the current decision is recorded.
S610: the signal of the corresponding position in the vector Y is eliminated.
S611: the operation w is performed as w +1, and the process proceeds to step S606.
S612: the operation χ +1 is performed, and the process proceeds to step S603.
S613: and judging whether other data to be sampled exist or not, if so, entering the step S601, and if not, entering the step S614.
S614: and finishing the sampling and finishing the process.
It is understood that steps S601-S614 are flow chart representations of steps S61-S65, and the substantial execution flows of the two are consistent.
The visible light communication method provided by the invention implements a non-orthogonal multiple access method, and each user 20 can transmit and receive information by using on-off keying with different code rates through a newly designed multiplexing algorithm and a demultiplexing algorithm. The access mode with variable rate can meet the access requirements of different users, and simultaneously saves the spectrum bandwidth and avoids wasting spectrum resources. Diversified rate services can meet the requirements of various users, thereby reducing the occupation of spectrum resources.
The invention is favorable for improving the error rate performance of the user by distributing lower speed to the user with poorer channel quality, further reducing the possibility of Error Propagation (EP) when a Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) algorithm is used in a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) method, and improving the overall error rate performance of the system.
In the description herein, the description of the terms "this embodiment," "other embodiments," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A visible light communication method is suitable for a visible light communication system, and is characterized in that a non-orthogonal multiple access mode is adopted to provide access for users in a light source coverage range, and the visible light communication method comprises the following steps:
S1: respectively obtaining the channel gains of a light source and K users within the beam divergence angle range of the light source, wherein the channel gain of the K user is h k，k＝1，2，…，K；
S2: arranging the optical power of the light source to K users according to the channel gain in the sequence from small to large, and distributing higher optical power to the users with low gain;
S3: setting the sending rate of the light source to K users according to the channel gain sequence obtained in S2, and distributing lower sending rate to the users with low gain;
S4: respectively modulating the data to be sent of the K users in an on-off keying mode according to the parameters set in the S2 and the S3 and the data to be sent to the K users to obtain K signals;
S5: superposing the K signals to obtain superposed signals, and sending the superposed signals in the form of optical signals through a light source;
S6: and the k user receiving the superposed signals demodulates and eliminates k-1 signals before the k user in turn according to the sequence of the channel gains from small to large, and then detects the signals of the k user.
2. The visible light communication method of claim 1, which Characterised by a channel gain h for the kth user kComprises the following steps:
Wherein A is kIs the area of the kth user photodetector, d kIs the distance between the light source and the user k, psi kThe angle between the light emitted by the light source and the optical axis from the kth user, 
Is the angle between the light received by the kth user from the light source and the axis of the photodetector, R (psi) k) Is the lambert radiation intensity of the light source, 
The transmittance of the kth user optical filter, 
For the gain of the kth user concentrator, 
The angle of view of the user's light detector.
3. The visible light communication method of claim 2, wherein a gain of a kth subscriber concentrator 
Comprises the following steps:
Where μ is the refractive index.
4. The visible light communication method according to claim 1, wherein the lambertian irradiation intensity R (ψ) of the light source k) Is composed of ：
Wherein, theta is the order of the Langby irradiation;
Wherein psi 1/2Is the half power angle of the light source.
5. The visible light communication method according to claim 1, wherein the optical power P of the kth user kComprises the following steps:
where α is the power allocation factor, P tIs the total power of the light source, 
6. The visible light communication method of claim 1, wherein a transmission rate of a kth user 
Transmission rate with k-1 user 
The relationship between them is:
Wherein n is kIs a multiple relation between the sending rate of the kth user and the kth-1 user, n kN is not less than 1 kAre integers.
7. The visible light communication method according to claim 1, wherein step S6 specifically includes:
S61: giving a 1 st user a complete bit signal;
Sampling according to the code rate of the Kth user to obtain 
A plurality of sample values;
Setting N sampling values as vector Y ═ Y 1,y2,…,yN)；
S62: calculating the bit number M of the chi-th user in N sampled values χ：
Calculating the number of samples N contained in each bit χ：
Wherein the initial value of χ is 1, and χ is not more than k;
S63: calculating N of w bit of x user χSum of samples 
Wherein w is 1,2, …, M χ；
Maximum likelihood decision threshold through x user χTo pair 
Judging to obtain the w bit of the x user as 0 or 1;
If χ is the first k-1 users, that is, χ is not more than k-1, eliminating the signal amplitude corresponding to the information of the w-th bit of the χ -th user at the position corresponding to the sample value in the vector Y until M of the χ -th user χCompleting demodulation of all bits, and performing addition operation on χ;
If χ is the kth user, that is, χ ═ k, the bit result obtained by the current decision is recorded until M is processed χA bit;
S64: s62 and S63 are repeated until the k-th user separates the signal of the k-th user from the superimposed signal and obtains a bit stream sequence of the signal of the k-th user.
8. The visible light communication method according to claim 7, wherein the step S6 further includes:
S65: repeating S61-S64 until the superimposed signal is fully demodulated.
9. The visible light communication method of claim 7, wherein a maximum likelihood decision threshold for a χ user χComprises the following steps:
Wherein R is PDIs the photoelectric conversion coefficient, h, of the photodetector χChannel gain, P, for the chi-th user tIs the total power of the light source.
10. The visible light communication method of claim 9, according to 
The step of eliminating the signal amplitude corresponding to the information of the w bit of the x user at the position corresponding to the sample value in the vector Y by the judgment result comprises the following steps:
Wherein Y [ (w-1) N χ+1,…,wNχ]Represents (w-1) N in Y χ+1 element to the wN χAn element, P χThe optical power of the x-th user.
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