CN111404162B - Regional power grid dispatching domain division method considering voltage stability constraint - Google Patents
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Abstract
A regional power grid dispatching domain dividing method considering voltage stability constraint belongs to the technical field of regional power grid dispatching domain dividing methods. According to the method, voltage stability indexes are introduced, the power grid operation domain is divided into a normal domain, an abnormal domain and an emergency domain, coordination control is respectively carried out on each operation domain, the complexity of power grid dispatching is relieved, and a certain auxiliary decision function is provided for regional power grid dispatching under the condition that the stable and safe operation of the power grid is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of regional power grid dispatching domain division methods, and particularly relates to a regional power grid dispatching domain division method considering voltage stability constraint.
Background
In order to cope with the problems of resource shortage, environmental pollution and the like, human beings utilize and develop renewable new energy sources to replace fossil energy sources so as to realize sustainable development of energy sources. The renewable energy sources have the advantages that the proportion of the renewable energy sources in the operation of the power grid is higher and higher, and because the renewable energy sources have the characteristics of intermittence, randomness and the like, the renewable energy sources bring great influence on the stability of the system voltage, bring a series of challenges to the coordination and the dispatching of the power grid, and greatly increase the complexity of the dispatching. Therefore, the stable and safe operation of the power grid is guaranteed, and further reasonable division of the regional power grid operation scheduling domain is realized, so that the regional power grid operation scheduling domain becomes one of the hot spot problems to be solved urgently when the current learner pays attention.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the regional power grid dispatching domain division method considering voltage stability constraint is used for guaranteeing stable and safe operation of the power grid and realizing reasonable division of the regional power grid operation dispatching domain.
The regional power grid dispatching domain dividing method considering the voltage stability constraint comprises the following steps, and the following steps are sequentially carried out,
step one, inputting original data of an electric power system into MATLAB, wherein the original data comprises an average value mu of an active load probability density function BP,i Reactive load probability density function mean mu BQ,i Variance sigma of probability density function of active load 2 BP,i Variance sigma of reactive load probability density function 2 BQ,i ;
Step two, in MATLAB, a wind power output model is established, wherein the wind power output model comprises a wind power generation model and a load model,
wherein the wind power generation model is a wind power plant output power function obtained through a relation between wind speed and output force and a conditional probability density distribution function of wind power output force,
the load model comprises a load active power probability density function and a reactive power probability density function;
step three, defining a static voltage stability index L of a load node according to a relational expression between two nodes in a node power system, calculating a reference state power flow of a wind power output model system by using a Newton-Lapherson method, classifying the nodes of the wind power output model system, expressing the relation between node voltage and current by using a mixed matrix to obtain an expression of the static voltage stability index L,
writing the power equation of the node under the polar coordinate into a matrix form, expanding according to the Taylor series in a reference state to obtain expanded node injection power expression and each-order semi-invariant of state change caused by discrete distributed load, wherein each-order semi-invariant comprises each-order semi-invariant of node injection power and each-order semi-invariant of node voltage,
obtaining a sensitivity matrix S through a relation between a state variable change value in the node injection power expression after expansion and a Jacobian matrix and a sensitivity matrix after primary power flow calculation iteration 0 ;
Sampling the unfolded node injection power by Monte Carlo to obtain load node injection power W under a rectangular coordinate system;
step five, obtaining a distribution function of node voltage by combining Gram-Charlier series by using a semi-invariant method according to the distribution condition of input variables;
step six, calculating and obtaining an r-order semi-invariant of a static voltage stability index L according to the additivity of the semi-invariant;
step seven, using a continuous power flow equation to represent a static voltage stable operation state, dividing the power grid operation into a normal operation domain, an abnormal operation domain and an emergency operation domain according to critical points, using continuous power flow to calculate and obtain breakdown voltage when the power grid operation reaches the critical point of each operation domain,
definition of the definitionRun-domain division index K p The method comprises the following steps:
in the formula ,Vi Is the voltage of weak point, V im As a breakdown voltage of the weak point,
according to the operation domain division index Kp, the power grid operation domain is divided into:
wherein ,
in the formula ,Vimin Weak node voltage V when the output of the conventional unit is minimum imax Is the weak node voltage when the output of the conventional unit is maximum, V is Is the weak node voltage when the energy storage device is full.
The output power function of the wind power plant in the second step is as follows:
in the formula ,PN Rated power of fan v r For rated wind speed v ci V is the cut-in wind speed of the fan co For the cut-out wind speed, k of the fan 1 =P N /(v r -v ci ),k 2 =-k 1 v ci 。
The probability density function of the active power and the probability density function of the reactive power of the load in the second step are as follows:
in the formula ,μBP,i 、μ BQ,i 、σ 2 BP,i 、σ 2 BQ,i Are obtained from power system history data.
The expression of the static voltage stability index L is as follows:
in the formula ,Fji As matrix F LG In the presence of an element of the group,for generator node voltage, ">Is the load node voltage.
The expanded node injection power expression is:
W=W 0 +ΔW
=F(X 0 ,Y 0 )+F x '(X 0 ,Y 0 )ΔX+
F' y (X 0 ,Y 0 )ΔY
in the formula ,W0 =F(X 0 ,Y 0 ),X 0 、Y 0 Is a ground state variable; Δw=f' x (X 0 ,Y 0 ) Δx, Δy are state variable change values;
wherein Δx=s 0 ΔW,J 0 Calculating an iterated Jacobian matrix for the primary power flow, S 0 Is a sensitivity matrix.
The r-order semi-invariant of the static voltage stability index L in the step six is as follows:
in the formula ,Fji As matrix F LG Element F of (3) LG Is a sub-matrix of the H matrix,is the r-order semi-invariant of the generator and the load voltage, < +.>Is the r-order semiinvariant of the load voltage.
Through the design scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, voltage stability indexes are introduced, the power grid operation domain is divided into a normal domain, an abnormal domain and an emergency domain, coordination control is respectively carried out on each operation domain, the complexity of power grid dispatching is relieved, and a certain auxiliary decision function is provided for regional power grid dispatching under the condition that the stable and safe operation of the power grid is ensured.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and detailed description which follow:
FIG. 1 is a simple system model in the regional power grid dispatching domain partitioning method taking voltage stability constraints into account.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart diagram of a regional power grid dispatching domain partitioning method that accounts for voltage stability constraints of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a grid operation domain in the regional power grid dispatching domain partitioning method taking into account voltage stability constraints.
FIG. 4 is a wiring diagram of an IEEE30 node system of an embodiment of a regional power grid dispatching domain partitioning method that accounts for voltage stability constraints of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a node 30PV curve of an embodiment of a regional power grid dispatching domain partitioning method of the present invention accounting for voltage stability constraints.
FIG. 6 is a grid operation domain partitioning diagram of an embodiment of a regional grid dispatching domain partitioning method of the present invention that accounts for voltage stability constraints.
Detailed Description
The regional power grid dispatching domain dividing method considering the voltage stability constraint comprises the following steps:
1. wind power generation model
The conditional probability density distribution function of wind power output generally obeys the Weibull distribution:
where v is wind speed, c is a proportional parameter, and k is a shape parameter.
According to the relation between wind speed and output force and the formula (1), the output power of the wind power plant is obtained as follows:
in the formula ,PN Rated power of fan v r For rated wind speed v ci The cut-in wind speed of the fan, v co For the cut-out wind speed, k of the fan 1 =P N /(v r -v ci );k 2 =-k 1 v ci 。
2. Load model
Because of uncertainty factors such as weather, temperature and the like, the predicted value of the load in the power system also has strong uncertainty. The probability density functions of the active power and the reactive power of the load meet the normal distribution as follows:
in the formula ,μBP,i Mu, which is the average value of the probability density function of the active load BQ,i As the average value of reactive load probability density function, sigma 2 BP,i As the variance and sigma of the probability density function of the active load 2 BQ,i As reactive load probability density function variance, mu BP,i 、μ BQ,i 、σ 2 BP,i 、σ 2 BQ,i Are obtained from power system history data.
3. Static voltage stable L index
In a multi-node system, network nodes are divided into two classes, one class being load nodes and one class being generator nodes and balancing nodes.
As shown in fig. 1, in a two-node system, there are:
in the formula ,Y11 、Y 12 、Y 21 、Y 22 Are all the elements of the system admittance matrix,is the conjugate of the complex power flowing into node 1.Voltage at node 1>Is the voltage at node 2.
Formula (4) may be changed to
in the formula ,
in the formula ,y11 、y 12 The branch admittances of pi-type circuits, respectively.
Defining the static voltage stability index L as
After classifying the system nodes, the relation between the node voltage and the node current can be expressed by a mixed matrix
in the formula ,VLG Representing the voltage of the load node, V G Representing the voltage at the generator node, I L Representing the current at the load node, I G Representing the current at the generator node, Z LL 、F LG 、K GL 、Y GG Respectively, a sub-matrix of the H matrix.
The expression of the static voltage stability index L is
in the formula ,Fji As matrix F LG In the presence of an element of the group,for the generator node voltage, ">Is the load node voltage.
4. Static voltage stability index L based on random power flow calculation
The power equation of the node in polar coordinates can be written in matrix form
W=F(X,Y) (10)
Where W is the node injection power, X is the state variable, and Y is the network structure parameter.
The above-mentioned materials are developed according to Taylor series in the reference state so as to obtain
in the formula ,W0 =F(X 0 ,Y 0 ),X 0 、Y 0 Is a ground state variable. And (V)W is the node injection power variation, Δw=f' x (X 0 ,Y 0 ) Δx, Δy are state variable change values, Δx=s 0 ΔW,J 0 Calculating an iterated Jacobian matrix for the primary power flow, S 0 Is a sensitivity matrix.
When calculating the mean static voltage stability index L, X is denoted as the node voltage.
Assuming that the network structure parameter Y is unchanged, there is
ΔW=F' x (X 0 ,Y 0 )ΔX (12)
In rectangular coordinate system
W=[P 1 Q 1 ... P (n-1) Q n-1 ] T (13)
V=[e 1 f 1 ... e n-1 f n-1 ] T (14)
Wherein W is node injection power, V is node voltage, P is active power, Q is reactive power, e is the real part of the voltage, and f is the imaginary part of the voltage. Wherein W is obtained by Monte Carlo sampling calculation, all uncertain factors are regarded as random fluctuation of node injection power, deterministic power flow calculation is carried out on system data obtained by Monte Carlo sampling each time, then a distribution function of node voltage is obtained by combining Gram-Charlier series according to the distribution condition of input variables by a semi-invariant method, an average static voltage stability index L under random tide is provided on the basis, and static voltage stability analysis is carried out on a wind power-containing system.
In the formula (10), the injection power parameter lambda is derived
Can be deformed to obtain
I.e.
ΔV=S 0 ΔW (17)
Wherein DeltaV is the variation of node voltage, deltaW is the variation of node injection power, S 0 In order to provide a sensitivity matrix,
according to the property of the semi-invariant, the r-order semi-invariant DeltaW of the injection power of each node of the system is obtained from the r-order semi-invariant of the node load and the power supply injection power (r) And has
in the formula ,ΔP(r) As the r-order semiinvariant of active power, deltaQ (r) Is the r-order half invariant of reactive power,r-order semiinvariant for active power of generator, < +.>R-order semiinvariant for load active power, +.>R-order semiinvariant,/-for reactive power of generator>Is the r-order half invariant of the reactive power of the load. />
Thereby obtaining
in the formula ΔV(r) Is the half invariant of the r-order of the node voltage, S 0 (r) A matrix formed by r powers of elements in the matrix, delta W (r) Injecting power for each node in order r with half invariant,
the additivity of the semi-invariant is used for calculating the r-order semi-invariant of the static voltage stability index L as
in the formula ,is the r-order semiinvariant, < +.>Is the r-order semiinvariant of the load voltage. The concrete model solving flow is shown in fig. 2.
5. Multi-domain partitioning index definition
The power grid is in a normal operation stage, which is called a normal operation domain, and the system does not exceed the regulation capacity of a conventional thermal power unit; the power grid has no normal regulation capability and is in an abnormal operation stage, which is called an abnormal operation domain, and at the moment, the energy storage battery charges and discharges the system to stabilize wind power fluctuation; the power grid loses regulation and control capability and is in an emergency operation state, which is called an emergency operation domain, and the safe and stable operation of the power grid is ensured by reasonably discarding wind/light. The grid operation domain division is shown in fig. 3.
Continuous power flow is an important method for analyzing the problem of static voltage stability, and consists of four parts, namely prediction, correction, parameterization strategy and step length control, wherein the continuous power flow equation is that
in the formula ,PGi Is the active power of the generator, P Li As active power of load, Q Gi For reactive power of generator, Q Li For reactive power of load, V i For node voltage magnitude, θ i Is a section ofPoint phase angle, G ij 、B ij Are node admittance matrix elements, lambda is a load parameter, and k Gi Is the climbing coefficient of the generator.
When the power grid runs to the critical point of each running domain, the whole network voltage is observed, the weakest node is found, and the breakdown voltage is calculated by using the continuous power flow.
The voltage of the weak node changes along with the change of the active power, and the voltage of the weak node is observed to be a key point for defining and dividing the power grid operation domain index.
Dividing power grid operation domain index K p The definition is as follows:
in the formula ,Vi For weak point voltage, V im Is the breakdown voltage of the weak point.
According to index K p The power grid operation domain is divided into
wherein ,
in the formula ,Vimin Weak node voltage V when the output of the conventional unit is minimum imax Is the weak node voltage when the output of the conventional unit is maximum, V is For weak node voltage when the energy storage device is full of capacity, V im Is the breakdown voltage of the weak point.
Examples:
the invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
The embodiment is based on an IEEE-30 node typical system, the generators of the nodes 11 and 13 are replaced by wind power with the capacity of 50MW, the wind power access capacity accounts for 25% of the capacity of the total assembly machine, an energy storage device with the capacity of 100MW & h is additionally arranged at the node 15, and a system wiring diagram is shown in fig. 4.
In the IEEE-30 node system, node 1 is a balance node, nodes 2, 5, 8, 11 and 13 are PV nodes, and nodes 6, 9, 22, 25, 27 and 28 are contact nodes. The average voltage of the system under different injection power levels and different random disturbance stabilizes an L index, 30 nodes are the weakest nodes, and 3 nodes are the most stable nodes.
The weakest node of the whole network at the time of charging and discharging is a node 30, and the PV curves of the node 30 at two times are shown in figure 5.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, the node 30 has a limit voltage V m 0.55, K according to the definition p Index determination method and related data determination method K pmin Has a value of approximately 1.87, K pmax The value is approximately 1.78, K ps A value of approximately 1.91, based on K p The index grid operation domain division is shown in fig. 6.
When the wind power output reaches the limit power P wmax When analyzing, 1-13;17-23;25-30, the load is higher than the wind power output limit power and the minimum output of the conventional unit but lower than the maximum output of the conventional unit, when the load is increased, the conventional unit has the capability of upward regulation, the power grid operates in a normal domain, and the power grid is 1.78<K p <1.87, at 0-1;13-14; during the period, the load is lower than the wind power output limit power and the minimum output of the unit, the conventional unit does not have the downward regulation capability, and the power grid runs in an abnormal domain and is 1.87<K p <1.91, the energy storage state is charging, the load is higher than the wind power output limit and the maximum output of the unit in the period of 23-25, the conventional unit does not have the upward regulation capability, the power grid operates in an abnormal domain, the energy storage state is discharging, 1<K p <1.78; in the period of 15-19, the energy storage reaches the maximum capacity, the wind power cannot be consumed, the power grid operates in an emergency domain, and the energy storage capacity is 1.91<K p 。
The method of the invention divides the power grid operation domain into a normal domain, an abnormal domain and an emergency domain, respectively coordinates and controls each operation domain, relieves the complexity of power grid dispatching and provides a certain auxiliary decision function for regional power grid dispatching.
Claims (6)
1. The regional power grid dispatching domain dividing method considering voltage stability constraint is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprising the following steps, and the following steps are carried out in sequence,
step one, inputting original data of an electric power system into MATLAB, wherein the original data comprises an average value mu of an active load probability density function BP,i Reactive load probability density function mean mu BQ,i Variance sigma of probability density function of active load 2 BP,i Variance sigma of reactive load probability density function 2 BQ,i ;
Step two, in MATLAB, a wind power output model is established, wherein the wind power output model comprises a wind power generation model and a load model,
wherein the wind power generation model is a wind power plant output power function obtained through a relation between wind speed and output force and a conditional probability density distribution function of wind power output force,
the load model comprises a load active power probability density function and a reactive power probability density function;
step three, defining a static voltage stability index L of a load node according to a relational expression between two nodes in a node power system, calculating a reference state power flow of a wind power output model system by using a Newton-Lapherson method, classifying the nodes of the wind power output model system, expressing the relation between node voltage and current by using a mixed matrix to obtain an expression of the static voltage stability index L,
writing the power equation of the node under the polar coordinate into a matrix form, expanding according to the Taylor series in a reference state to obtain expanded node injection power expression and each-order semi-invariant of state change caused by discrete distributed load, wherein each-order semi-invariant comprises each-order semi-invariant of node injection power and each-order semi-invariant of node voltage,
obtaining a sensitivity matrix S through a relation between a state variable change value in the node injection power expression after expansion and a Jacobian matrix and a sensitivity matrix after primary power flow calculation iteration 0 ;
Sampling the unfolded node injection power by Monte Carlo to obtain load node injection power W under a rectangular coordinate system;
step five, obtaining a distribution function of node voltage by combining Gram-Charlier series by using a semi-invariant method according to the distribution condition of input variables;
step six, calculating and obtaining an r-order semi-invariant of a static voltage stability index L according to the additivity of the semi-invariant;
step seven, using a continuous power flow equation to represent a static voltage stable operation state, dividing the power grid operation into a normal operation domain, an abnormal operation domain and an emergency operation domain according to critical points, using continuous power flow to calculate and obtain breakdown voltage when the power grid operation reaches the critical point of each operation domain,
defining the running Domain division index K p The method comprises the following steps:
in the formula ,Vi Is the voltage of weak point, V im As a breakdown voltage of the weak point,
according to the operation domain division index Kp, the power grid operation domain is divided into:
wherein ,
in the formula ,Vimin Weak node voltage V when the output of the conventional unit is minimum imax Is the weak node voltage when the output of the conventional unit is maximum, V is Is the weak node voltage when the energy storage device is full.
2. The regional power grid dispatching domain division method considering voltage stability constraint according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that: the output power function of the wind power plant in the second step is as follows:
in the formula ,PN Rated power of fan v r For rated wind speed v ci V is the cut-in wind speed of the fan co For the cut-out wind speed, k of the fan 1 =P N /(v r -v ci ),k 2 =-k 1 v ci 。
3. The regional power grid dispatching domain division method considering voltage stability constraint according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that: the probability density function of the active power and the probability density function of the reactive power of the load in the second step are as follows:
in the formula ,μBP,i 、μ BQ,i 、σ 2 BP,i 、σ 2 BQ,i Are obtained from power system history data.
4. The regional power grid dispatching domain division method considering voltage stability constraint according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that: the expression of the static voltage stability index L is as follows:
5. The regional power grid dispatching domain division method considering voltage stability constraint according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that: the expanded node injection power expression is:
W=W 0 +ΔW
=F(X 0 ,Y 0 )+F′ x (X 0 ,Y 0 )ΔX+F′ y (X 0 ,Y 0 )ΔY
in the formula ,W0 =F(X 0 ,Y 0 ),X 0 、Y 0 Is a ground state variable; Δw=f' x (X 0 ,Y 0 ) Δx, Δy are state variable change values;
6. The regional power grid dispatching domain division method considering voltage stability constraint according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that: the r-order semi-invariant of the static voltage stability index L in the step six is as follows:
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