CN111404162A - Regional power grid dispatching domain division method considering voltage stability constraint - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
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Abstract
A regional power grid dispatching domain division method considering voltage stability constraint belongs to the technical field of regional power grid dispatching domain division methods. According to the method, the voltage stability index is introduced, the power grid operation domain is divided into the normal domain, the abnormal domain and the emergency domain, each operation domain is coordinated and controlled, the complexity of power grid dispatching is relieved, and a certain aid decision function is provided for regional power grid dispatching under the condition that the stable and safe operation of the power grid is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of regional power grid dispatching domain division methods, and particularly relates to a regional power grid dispatching domain division method considering voltage stability constraint.
Background
In order to solve the problems of resource shortage, environmental pollution and the like, human beings replace fossil energy by developing renewable new energy to realize sustainable development of energy. The proportion of renewable energy sources in the operation of a power grid is higher and higher due to various advantages of the renewable energy sources, the renewable energy sources have the characteristics of intermittency, randomness and the like, the voltage stability of the system is greatly influenced, a series of challenges are brought to power grid coordination scheduling, and the scheduling complexity is greatly increased. Therefore, the method ensures the stable and safe operation of the power grid and further realizes the reasonable division of the regional power grid operation scheduling domain, and becomes one of the hot problems to be solved which are concerned by the current scholars.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method for dividing the regional power grid dispatching domain considering the voltage stability constraint is used for guaranteeing the stable and safe operation of the power grid and realizing reasonable division of the regional power grid operation dispatching domain.
The regional power grid dispatching domain division method considering the voltage stability constraint comprises the following steps which are sequentially carried out,
step one, inputting raw data of a power system into MAT L AB, wherein the raw data comprises an active load probability density function mean value muBP,iMean value mu of probability density function of reactive loadBQ,iVariance σ of probability density function of active load2 BP,iVariance sigma of probability density function of reactive load2 BQ,i；
Step two, establishing a wind power output model in MAT L AB, wherein the wind power output model comprises a wind power generation model and a load model,
wherein the wind power generation model is a wind power plant output power function obtained through the relation between wind speed and output and a conditional probability density distribution function of wind power output,
the load model comprises a load active power probability density function and a load reactive power probability density function;
step three, defining L static voltage stability index of a load node according to a relational expression between two nodes in a node power system, calculating the power flow of a reference state of a wind power output model system by using a Newton-Raphson method, classifying the nodes of the wind power output model system, expressing the relation between node voltage and current by using a mixed matrix, obtaining an expression of L static voltage stability index,
writing a power equation of a node under a polar coordinate into a matrix form, expanding the matrix form according to a Taylor series in a reference state to obtain an expanded node injection power expression and semi-invariants of each order of state change caused by discrete distributed load, wherein the semi-invariants of each order comprise semi-invariants of each order of node injection power and semi-invariants of each order of node voltage,
obtaining a sensitivity matrix S through a relational expression of a state variable change value in an expanded node injection power expression, a Jacobian matrix after primary power flow calculation iteration and the sensitivity matrix0；
Sampling the expanded node injection power through Monte Carlo to obtain load node injection power W under a rectangular coordinate system;
step five, obtaining a distribution function of the node voltage by utilizing a semi-invariant method and combining with Gram-Charlier series according to the distribution condition of the input variables;
step six, r-order semi-invariants of the voltage stability index L are calculated and obtained according to the additivity of the semi-invariants;
step seven, expressing the stable operation state of the static voltage by using a continuous power flow equation, dividing the power grid operation into a normal operation domain, an abnormal operation domain and an emergency operation domain according to critical points, operating the power grid to the critical points of each operation domain, calculating and obtaining the breakdown voltage by using the continuous power flow,
defining an operation domain partitioning index KpComprises the following steps:
in the formula ,ViIs a weak point voltage, VimIn order to have a weak point breakdown voltage,
dividing the index Kp according to the operation domain, and dividing the power grid operation domain into:
wherein ,
in the formula ,ViminThe weak node voltage V is the minimum output of the conventional unitimaxIs the weak node voltage V when the output force of the conventional unit is maximumisThe weak node voltage when the energy storage device capacity is full.
The wind power plant output power function in the second step is as follows:
in the formula ,PNRated power of the fan, vrRated wind speed, vciFor the cut-in wind speed, v, of the fancoCut-out wind speed, k, of the fan1＝PN/(vr-vci)，k2＝-k1vci。
The probability density function of the active power and the probability density function of the reactive power of the load in the second step are as follows:
in the formula ,μBP,iIs the mean value of the probability density function of the active load, muBQ,iIs the mean value of the probability density function of the reactive load2 BP,iIs the variance, sigma, of the probability density function of the active load2 BQ,iIs the variance of the probability density function of reactive load, muBP,i、μBQ,i、σ2 BP,i、σ2 BQ,iAre all obtained from power system historical data.
The expression of the static voltage stability index L is:
in the formula ,FjiIs a matrix FLGThe elements (A) and (B) in (B),
is the generator node voltage,
Is the load node voltage.
The expanded node injection power expression is as follows:
W＝W0+ΔW
＝F(X0,Y0)+Fx'(X0,Y0)ΔX+
Fy'(X0,Y0)ΔY
in the formula ,W0＝F(X0,Y0),X0、Y0Is a ground state variable; Δ W ═ Fx'(X0,Y0) Δ X, Δ Y are state variable change values;
wherein Δ X ═ S0ΔW，
J0Calculating an iterated Jacobian matrix for the primary power flow, S0Is a sensitivity matrix.
In the sixth step, the r-order semi-invariant of the voltage stabilization L index is as follows:
in the formula ,FjiIs a matrix FLGElement (II) of (III), FLGIs a sub-matrix of the H-matrix,
is a semi-invariant of the generator and load voltage,
Is the r-order semi-invariant of the load voltage.
Through the design scheme, the invention can bring the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, the voltage stability index is introduced, the power grid operation domain is divided into the normal domain, the abnormal domain and the emergency domain, each operation domain is coordinated and controlled, the complexity of power grid dispatching is relieved, and a certain aid decision function is provided for regional power grid dispatching under the condition that the stable and safe operation of the power grid is guaranteed.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
fig. 1 is a simple system model in the regional power grid dispatching domain division method considering voltage stability constraint of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the regional power grid scheduling domain partitioning method considering the voltage stability constraint of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a power grid operation domain in the regional power grid scheduling domain division method considering voltage stability constraints.
Fig. 4 is a wiring diagram of an IEEE30 node system according to an embodiment of the present invention in a regional power grid dispatching domain division method considering voltage stability constraints.
Fig. 5 is a node 30PV curve of an embodiment of the present invention in a regional power grid dispatch domain partitioning method that takes voltage stability constraints into account.
Fig. 6 is a power grid operation domain division diagram in the embodiment of the method for dividing the regional power grid scheduling domain in consideration of the voltage stability constraint.
Detailed Description
The method for dividing the regional power grid dispatching domain considering the voltage stability constraint comprises the following steps:
1. wind power generation model
The conditional probability density distribution function of wind power output generally follows a weibull distribution:
wherein v is the wind speed, c is the proportional parameter, and k is the shape parameter.
According to the relation between the wind speed and the output and a formula (1), the output power of the wind power plant is obtained as follows:
in the formula ,PNRated power of the fan, vrRated wind speed, vciV is the cut-in wind speed of the fancoCut-out wind speed, k, of the fan1＝PN/(vr-vci)；k2＝-k1vci。
2. Load model
Due to uncertain factors such as weather and temperature, the predicted value of the load in the power system has strong uncertainty. The probability density functions of the active power and the reactive power of the load both satisfy normal distribution as follows:
in the formula ,μBP,iIs the mean value of the probability density function of the active load, muBQ,iIs the mean value of the probability density function of the reactive load2 BP,iIs the variance, sigma, of the probability density function of the active load2 BQ,iIs the variance of the probability density function of reactive load, muBP,i、μBQ,i、σ2 BP,i、σ2 BQ,iAre all obtained from power system historical data.
3. Static voltage stability L index
In a multi-node system, network nodes are divided into two types, one is a load node, and the other is a generator node and a balance node.
As shown in fig. 1, in a two-node system there are:
in the formula ,Y11、Y12、Y21、Y22Are all elements of the system admittance matrix,
is the conjugate of the complex power flowing into node 1.
Is the voltage of node 1,
The voltage of node 2.
The formula (4) can be changed into
in the formula ,
in the formula ,y11、y12Respectively, the branch admittance of the pi-type circuit.
Defining the voltage stability indicator L as
After the system nodes are classified, the relation between the node voltage and the current can be expressed by a mixed matrix
in the formula ,VLGRepresenting the voltage of the load node, VGRepresenting the voltage at the generator node, ILRepresenting the current at the load node, IGRepresenting the current of the generator node, ZLL、FLG、KGL、YGGRespectively, a sub-matrix of the H-matrix.
The expression of the voltage stability index L is
in the formula ,FjiIs a matrix FLGThe elements (A) and (B) in (B),
is the voltage at the node of the generator,
is the load node voltage.
4. Voltage stabilization L index based on random power flow calculation
The power equation of the node under polar coordinates can be written in the form of a matrix
W＝F(X,Y) (10)
Wherein W is the node injection power, X is the state variable, and Y is the network structure parameter.
The above formula is expanded in the reference state according to Taylor series
in the formula ,W0＝F(X0,Y0),X0、Y0Is a baseA state variable. Δ W is the node injection power variation, and Δ W is equal to Fx'(X0,Y0) Δ X, Δ Y are state variable change values, Δ X ═ S0ΔW，
J0Calculating an iterated Jacobian matrix for the primary power flow, S0Is a sensitivity matrix.
When calculating the mean voltage stabilization L index, X is expressed as the node voltage.
Assuming that the network structure parameter Y is not changed, there are
ΔW＝Fx'(X0,Y0)ΔX (12)
Under the rectangular coordinate system is
W＝[P1Q1... P(n-1)Qn-1]T(13)
V＝[e1f1... en-1fn-1]T(14)
The method comprises the following steps of obtaining W through Monte Carlo sampling calculation, regarding all uncertain factors as random fluctuation of node injection power, carrying out deterministic power flow calculation on system data obtained through Monte Carlo sampling each time, then obtaining a distribution function of node voltage by using a semi-invariant method and combining Gram-Charlier series according to the distribution condition of input variables, on the basis, providing a mean voltage stability L index under random power flow, and carrying out static voltage stability analysis on a system containing wind power.
In the formula (10), the injected power parameter lambda is derived
By transforming the formula
Namely, it is
ΔV＝S0ΔW (17)
Where Δ V is the variation of the node voltage, Δ W is the variation of the node injection power, S0In order to be a sensitivity matrix, the sensitivity matrix,
according to the property of the semi-invariants, r-order semi-invariants delta W of the injection power of each node of the system are obtained from r-order semi-invariants of the node load and the power supply injection power(r)And is provided with
in the formula ,ΔP(r)Semi-invariant of order r, Δ Q, of active power(r)Is an r-order semi-invariant of reactive power,
is an r-order semi-invariant of the active power of the generator,
is an r-order semi-invariant of the load active power,
is an r-order semi-invariant of the reactive power of the generator,
Is the r-order semi-invariant of the reactive power of the load.
Thereby obtaining
in the formula ΔV(r)Is a semi-invariant of order r, S, of the node voltage0 (r)A matrix formed by the elements of the matrix raised to the power of r, Δ W(r)An r-order semi-invariant of the injected power for each node,
from the additivity of the semi-invariants, r-order semi-invariants of the voltage stability indicator L are calculated
in the formula ,
is a semi-invariant of the generator voltage of order r,
is the r-order semi-invariant of the load voltage. The specific model solving flow is shown in fig. 2.
5. Multi-domain partitioning index definition
The power grid is in a normal operation stage, namely a normal operation domain, and the system does not exceed the regulation capacity of a conventional thermal power generating unit at the moment; the power grid has no normal regulation capacity and is in an abnormal operation stage, namely an abnormal operation domain, and at the moment, the energy storage battery charges and discharges the system to stabilize the fluctuation of wind power; the power grid loses the regulation and control capability and is in an emergency operation state, namely an emergency operation domain, and the safe and stable operation of the power grid is ensured by reasonably abandoning wind/light. The grid operating domain division is shown in fig. 3.
The continuous power flow is an important method for analyzing the static voltage stability problem and consists of four parts of prediction, correction, parameterization strategy and step length control, and the continuous power flow equation is
in the formula ,PGiIs the active power of the generator, PLiBeing active power of the load, QGiBeing reactive power of the generator, QLiBeing reactive power of the load, ViIs the node voltage amplitude, θiIs a nodal phase angle, Gij、BijAre all node admittance matrix elements, λ is a load parameter, kGiThe generator climbing coefficient.
And when the power grid runs to the critical point of each operation domain, observing the voltage of the whole power grid, finding the weakest node, and calculating the breakdown voltage by using the continuous power flow.
The voltage of the weak node changes along with the change of the active power, and the observation of the voltage of the weak node is a key point for defining and dividing the index of the power grid operation domain.
Index K for dividing power grid operation domainpIs defined as:
in the formula ,ViIs a weak point voltage, VimIs the weak point breakdown voltage.
According to the index KpDivision of the grid operating domain
wherein ,
in the formula ,ViminThe weak node voltage V is the minimum output of the conventional unitimaxIs the weak node voltage V when the output force of the conventional unit is maximumisFor weak node voltage, V, when the capacity of the energy storage device is fullimIs the weak point breakdown voltage.
Example (b):
the invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
In the embodiment, based on an IEEE-30 node typical system, generators of nodes 11 and 13 are replaced by wind power with the capacity of 50MW, the proportion of the wind power access capacity to the total installed capacity is 25%, an energy storage device with the capacity of 100MW & h is additionally arranged at a node 15, and a system wiring diagram is shown in FIG. 4.
In the IEEE-30 node system, the node 1 is a balance node, the nodes 2, 5, 8, 11 and 13 are PV nodes, and the nodes 6, 9, 22, 25, 27 and 28 are contact nodes, the mean voltage of the system is stable L indexes under different injection power levels and different random disturbances, the node 30 is the weakest node, and the node 3 is the most stable node.
The weakest node of the whole network of the stored energy at the charging and discharging time is the node 30, and the PV curves of the node 30 at two times are shown in FIG. 5.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, the limit voltage V of the node 30mIs 0.55, according to definition KpIndex finding method and related data finding K at this timepminA value of approximately 1.87, KpmaxA value of approximately 1.78, KpsA value of approximately 1.91 based on KpThe division of the operation domain of the index power grid is shown in fig. 6.
When the wind power output reaches the limit power PwmaxWhen the test is carried out, the test result is 1-13; 17-23; in the period of 25-30, the load is higher than the wind power output limit power and the minimum output of the conventional unit but lower than the maximum output of the conventional unit, when the load is increased, the conventional unit has the capability of upward adjustment, the power grid operates in a normal domain, and the power grid is 1.78<Kp<1.87, in the range of 0 to 1; 13-14; in the period, the load is lower than the wind power output limit power and the minimum output of the unit, the conventional unit does not have the capability of downward regulation, and the power grid operates in an abnormal region, 1.87<Kp<1.91, the energy storage state is charging, in the period of 23-25, the load is higher than the wind power output limit and the maximum output of the unit, the conventional unit does not have the capability of upward adjustment, the power grid operates in an abnormal domain, the energy storage state is discharging, 1<Kp<1.78; in the period of 15-19, the stored energy reaches the maximum capacity, the wind power cannot be consumed, and the power grid operates in an emergency domain, 1.91<Kp。
The method of the invention divides the power grid operation domain into a normal domain, an abnormal domain and an emergency domain, and carries out coordination control on each operation domain respectively, thereby relieving the complexity of power grid dispatching and providing a certain assistant decision function for regional power grid dispatching.
Claims (6)
1. The regional power grid dispatching domain division method considering the voltage stability constraint is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps which are sequentially carried out,
step one, the power system is originalInputting data into MAT L AB, wherein the raw data comprises the mean value mu of probability density function of active loadBP,iMean value mu of probability density function of reactive loadBQ,iVariance σ of probability density function of active load2 BP,iVariance sigma of probability density function of reactive load2 BQ,i；
Step two, establishing a wind power output model in MAT L AB, wherein the wind power output model comprises a wind power generation model and a load model,
wherein the wind power generation model is a wind power plant output power function obtained through the relation between wind speed and output and a conditional probability density distribution function of wind power output,
the load model comprises a load active power probability density function and a load reactive power probability density function;
step three, defining L static voltage stability index of a load node according to a relational expression between two nodes in a node power system, calculating the power flow of a reference state of a wind power output model system by using a Newton-Raphson method, classifying the nodes of the wind power output model system, expressing the relation between node voltage and current by using a mixed matrix, obtaining an expression of L static voltage stability index,
writing a power equation of a node under a polar coordinate into a matrix form, expanding the matrix form according to a Taylor series in a reference state to obtain an expanded node injection power expression and semi-invariants of each order of state change caused by discrete distributed load, wherein the semi-invariants of each order comprise semi-invariants of each order of node injection power and semi-invariants of each order of node voltage,
obtaining a sensitivity matrix S through a relational expression of a state variable change value in an expanded node injection power expression, a Jacobian matrix after primary power flow calculation iteration and the sensitivity matrix0；
Sampling the expanded node injection power through Monte Carlo to obtain load node injection power W under a rectangular coordinate system;
step five, obtaining a distribution function of the node voltage by utilizing a semi-invariant method and combining with Gram-Charlier series according to the distribution condition of the input variables;
step six, r-order semi-invariants of the voltage stability index L are calculated and obtained according to the additivity of the semi-invariants;
step seven, expressing the stable operation state of the static voltage by using a continuous power flow equation, dividing the power grid operation into a normal operation domain, an abnormal operation domain and an emergency operation domain according to critical points, operating the power grid to the critical points of each operation domain, calculating and obtaining the breakdown voltage by using the continuous power flow,
defining an operation domain partitioning index KpComprises the following steps:
in the formula ,ViIs a weak point voltage, VimIn order to have a weak point breakdown voltage,
dividing the index Kp according to the operation domain, and dividing the power grid operation domain into:
wherein ,
in the formula ,ViminThe weak node voltage V is the minimum output of the conventional unitimaxIs the weak node voltage V when the output force of the conventional unit is maximumisThe weak node voltage when the energy storage device capacity is full.
2. The method for dividing the regional power grid dispatching domain considering the voltage stability constraint as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the wind power plant output power function in the second step is as follows:
in the formula ,PNRated power of the fan, vrRated wind speed, vciFor the cut-in wind speed, v, of the fancoCut-out wind speed, k, of the fan1＝PN/(vr-vci)，k2＝-k1vci。
3. The method for dividing the regional power grid dispatching domain considering the voltage stability constraint as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the probability density function of the active power and the probability density function of the reactive power of the load in the second step are as follows:
in the formula ,μBP,iIs the mean value of the probability density function of the active load, muBQ,iIs the mean value of the probability density function of the reactive load2 BP,iIs the variance, sigma, of the probability density function of the active load2 BQ,iIs the variance of the probability density function of reactive load, muBP,i、μBQ,i、σ2 BP,i、σ2 BQ,iAre all obtained from power system historical data.
4. The method for dividing the regional power grid dispatching domain considering the voltage stability constraint as claimed in claim 1, wherein the expression of the static voltage stability index L is as follows:
in the formula ,FjiIs a matrix FLGThe elements (A) and (B) in (B),
the node voltage of the generator,
Is the load node voltage.
5. The method for dividing the regional power grid dispatching domain considering the voltage stability constraint as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the expanded node injection power expression is as follows:
W＝W0+ΔW
＝F(X0,Y0)+F′x(X0,Y0)ΔX+F′y(X0,Y0)ΔY
in the formula ,W0＝F(X0,Y0),X0、Y0Is a ground state variable; delta W ═ F'x(X0,Y0) Δ X, Δ Y are state variable change values;
wherein Δ X ═ S0ΔW，
J0Calculating an iterated Jacobian matrix for the primary power flow, S0Is a sensitivity matrix.
6. The method for dividing the regional power grid dispatching domain considering the voltage stability constraint as claimed in claim 1, wherein the r-order semi-invariant of the voltage stability L index in the sixth step is as follows:
in the formula ,FjiIs a matrix FLGElement (II) of (III), FLGAnd Vr i is an r-order semi-invariant of the generator and load voltage, and Vr j is an r-order semi-invariant of the load voltage.
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