CN111403902A - Beam-forming dual circularly polarized antenna - Google Patents
Beam-forming dual circularly polarized antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111403902A CN111403902A CN202010213491.3A CN202010213491A CN111403902A CN 111403902 A CN111403902 A CN 111403902A CN 202010213491 A CN202010213491 A CN 202010213491A CN 111403902 A CN111403902 A CN 111403902A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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Abstract
The invention relates to a beam-forming dual-circularly-polarized antenna, which comprises an orthogonal mode coupler, a rectangular waveguide, a horn antenna, a dielectric cover and a metal forming ring, wherein the orthogonal mode coupler, the rectangular waveguide, the horn antenna, the dielectric cover and the metal forming ring are sequentially arranged from bottom to top: the orthogonal mode coupler comprises a circular waveguide cavity, a metal diaphragm, a lateral rectangular port and a rectangular-circular transformation section, wherein the lateral rectangular port is communicated with the circular waveguide cavity; the metal diaphragm is vertically arranged in the circular waveguide cavity opposite to the lateral rectangular port and is positioned at the lower section of the circular waveguide cavity; the rectangular-circular conversion section gradually converts a circular port at the lower end of the circular waveguide cavity into a rectangular port downwards along the axis; the rectangular waveguide rotates clockwise or anticlockwise around the axis of the circular waveguide cavity and then is communicated with the circular waveguide cavity; the small-caliber end of the horn antenna is communicated and arranged on the rectangular waveguide; the medium cover is arranged at the large-aperture end of the horn antenna, and the metal shaping ring is etched on the top end face of the medium cover. The invention solves the technical problems that the existing double circularly polarized antenna has a complex structure and is difficult to debug.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a beam forming double-circularly polarized antenna.
Background
In a satellite communication system, in order to effectively cover a specific area, reduce interference in neighboring areas and improve efficiency, a beam of an antenna is generally required to have a special shape, and the radiation characteristic of the antenna is generally controlled by a forming technology to meet the requirement. Antennas for shaping are usually reflector antennas, array antennas, horn antennas, etc. The reflector antenna and the array antenna have high cost and are difficult to realize, and the horn antenna has the advantages of low cost and small size and is suitable for satellite communication with strict requirements on the size of the antenna.
Moreover, with the increasing requirements of the communication system on capacity and interference resistance, the polarization multiplexing technology is a practical and economical method for improving the spectrum utilization rate at the present that the spectrum resources are so tight. Meanwhile, the circularly polarized antenna can eliminate the electromagnetic wave polarization distortion effect caused by the ionosphere Faraday rotation effect, so that the double circularly polarized antenna with the shaping function becomes a better choice in a satellite communication system. However, the conventional dual circularly polarized antenna has a complex structure and is not easy to debug.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a beam forming dual circularly polarized antenna, which aims to solve the technical problems that the conventional dual circularly polarized antenna is complex in structure and difficult to debug.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a beam forming dual circularly polarized antenna, which comprises an orthogonal mode coupler, a rectangular waveguide, a horn antenna, a dielectric cover, and a metal shaping ring, which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top:
the orthogonal mode coupler comprises a circular waveguide cavity, a metal diaphragm, a lateral rectangular port and a rectangular-circular transformation section, wherein the lateral rectangular port is communicated with the circular waveguide cavity and is positioned on the outer side of the circular waveguide cavity; the metal diaphragm is vertically arranged in the circular waveguide cavity opposite to the lateral rectangular port and is positioned at the lower section of the circular waveguide cavity, and the space of the lower section of the circular waveguide cavity is divided into two equal parts; the rectangular-circular conversion section is communicated with the lower end of the circular waveguide cavity and gradually converts a circular port at the lower end of the circular waveguide cavity into a rectangular port along the axis;
the rectangular waveguide rotates clockwise or anticlockwise around the axis of the circular waveguide cavity and then is communicated with the circular waveguide cavity;
the small-caliber end of the horn antenna is a rectangular port, the large-caliber end of the horn antenna is a circular port, and the small-caliber end of the horn antenna is communicated with the rectangular waveguide;
the medium cover is covered at the large-aperture end of the horn antenna, and the metal shaping ring is etched on the top end face of the medium cover;
when the orthogonal mode coupler works, two orthogonal linear polarized waves fed in from an axial rectangular port and a lateral rectangular port at the lower end of the orthogonal mode coupler form circularly polarized waves through the rectangular waveguide and are fed into the horn antenna, the horn antenna radiates the circularly polarized waves into free space, and the metal shaping ring shapes a radiation pattern of the horn antenna.
Preferably, the angle of clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the rectangular waveguide about the axis of the circular waveguide cavity is not greater than 90 °.
Preferably, the metal diaphragm is rectangular, and the metal diaphragm is embedded in the lower section of the circular waveguide cavity and is located on the axis of the circular waveguide cavity.
Preferably, the metal diaphragm gradually changes from a rectangular shape at a lower section to a conical shape at an upper section, and the metal diaphragm is embedded in the lower section of the circular waveguide cavity and is located on an axis of the circular waveguide cavity.
Preferably, the outer wall of the upper end of the circular waveguide cavity is annularly provided with a first round table, and the lower port of the rectangular waveguide is sleeved on the upper port of the circular waveguide cavity and is fixedly connected with the first round table.
Preferably, the outer wall of the upper end of the horn antenna is annularly provided with a second round table;
the medium cover is a cylindrical cover body structure with a top at the upper end and a bottomless lower end, and the lower port of the medium cover is sleeved on the upper port of the horn antenna and is fixedly connected with the second round table.
Preferably, the circular waveguide cavity has the same shape as the standard circular waveguide C120.
Preferably, the lateral rectangular port has the same shape as the standard rectangular waveguide BJ 100.
Preferably, the rectangular waveguide is the same shape as the standard rectangular waveguide BJ 100.
Preferably, the metal shaping ring is a ring-shaped metal wire.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
in the invention, two orthogonal linear polarized waves fed in from an axial rectangular port and a lateral rectangular port at the lower end of the orthogonal mode coupler form a circularly polarized wave through a rectangular waveguide and are fed into the horn antenna, the horn antenna radiates the circularly polarized wave into a free space, and a metal forming ring forms a radiation pattern of the horn antenna.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an assembly diagram of a beamforming dual circularly polarized antenna according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a split view of a beamforming dual circularly polarized antenna according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a "gate" like flat top pattern obtained by optimizing the size and distance of the metal shaped ring from the horn antenna aperture according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a right hand circularly polarized main polarization and cross polarization pattern via an orthogonal mode coupler radiating to a rectangular port according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an axial ratio plot of a right-hand circularly polarized wave in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a left hand circularly polarized wave main and cross polarization pattern radiated via a lateral rectangular port of an orthomode coupler according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an axial ratio diagram of a left-handed circularly polarized wave according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, a beam forming dual circularly polarized antenna includes an orthogonal mode coupler 1, a rectangular waveguide 2, a horn antenna 3, a dielectric cover 4, and a metal shaped ring 5, which are sequentially disposed from bottom to top:
the orthogonal mode coupler 1 comprises a circular waveguide cavity 101, a metal diaphragm 102, a lateral rectangular port 103 and a rectangular-circular transformation section 104, wherein the side surface of the circular waveguide cavity 101 is provided with a groove, the lateral rectangular port 103 is communicated with the outer side of the groove, and the lateral rectangular port 103 is a horizontal rectangular port.
The metal diaphragm 102 is vertically arranged in the circular waveguide cavity 101 opposite to the lateral rectangular port 103 and located at the lower section of the circular waveguide cavity, and the metal diaphragm 102 divides the lower section of the circular waveguide cavity 101 into two halves.
In an embodiment, the metal diaphragm 102 is rectangular, and the metal diaphragm 102 is embedded in a lower section of the circular waveguide cavity 101 and is located on an axis of the circular waveguide cavity 101.
In another embodiment, the lower section of the metal diaphragm 102 is rectangular, the upper section thereof is tapered, the metal diaphragm 102 is embedded in the lower section of the circular waveguide cavity 101, and the metal diaphragm 102 gradually changes from the rectangular shape of the lower section to the tapered shape of the upper section and is located on the axis of the circular waveguide cavity 101.
The metal diaphragm 102 has two functions, one is to separate and then combine the axially fed linearly polarized waves, and the other is to isolate the linearly polarized waves from the orthogonally polarized waves fed into the sidewall waveguide, so as to improve polarization isolation.
The rectangular-circular conversion section 104 is coaxially communicated with the lower end of the circular waveguide cavity 101 and gradually transits the circular port at the lower end of the circular waveguide cavity 101 to a rectangular port downwards and outwards along the axis, namely, the upper end of the rectangular-circular conversion section 104 is a circular port, the inner diameter of the circular port is the same as that of the circular port at the lower end of the circular waveguide cavity 101, and the lower end of the rectangular-circular conversion section 104 is a rectangular port.
The rectangular waveguide 2 rotates clockwise or anticlockwise for a certain angle around the axis of the circular waveguide cavity 101 and then is communicated with the circular waveguide cavity 101; the invention does not limit the angle of clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the rectangular waveguide 2 around the axis of the circular waveguide cavity 101, and the rotation angle is preferably not greater than 90 °. In the present invention, the rectangular waveguide 2 is rotated based on the case where four sides of the rectangular waveguide 2 correspond to and are parallel to four sides of the rectangular port of the rectangular transformation section 104.
The rotation direction of the rectangular waveguide 2 determines the polarization of the electromagnetic wave transmitted/received by the two rectangular ports (the rectangular port at the lower end of the rectangular-to-circular transformation section 104 and the lateral rectangular port 103) of the orthogonal mode coupler 1: if the rectangular waveguide 2 axially rotates clockwise around the orthomode coupler 1, the electromagnetic wave fed through the axial rectangular port (the rectangular port at the lower end of the rectangular-to-circular conversion section 104) radiates the right-hand circularly polarized wave to the free space via the horn antenna 3, and the electromagnetic wave fed through the lateral rectangular port 103 radiates the left-hand circularly polarized wave to the free space. Otherwise, the left-hand circularly polarized wave is radiated through the axial port (the rectangular port at the lower end of the rectangular-to-circular conversion section 104), and the right-hand circularly polarized wave is radiated through the lateral port.
The outer wall of the upper end of the circular waveguide cavity 101 is annularly provided with a first round table 1011, and the lower port of the rectangular waveguide 2 is sleeved on the upper port of the circular waveguide cavity 101 and is fixedly connected with the first round table 1011.
The horn antenna 3 is a rectangular-circle gradually-changing flare-angle circular-caliber antenna, the small-caliber end of the horn antenna 3 is a rectangular port, the large-caliber end is a circular port, and the small-caliber end of the horn antenna 3 is communicated with the rectangular waveguide 2.
The medium cover 4 covers the large-aperture end of the horn antenna 3, and a second circular truncated cone 301 is annularly arranged on the outer wall of the upper end of the horn antenna 3; the medium cover 4 is a cylindrical cover body structure with a top at the upper end and a bottomless lower end, and the lower port of the medium cover 4 is sleeved on the upper port of the horn antenna 3 and is fixedly connected with the second round table 301.
The metal shape-giving ring 5 is etched on the top end face of the medium cover 4, and the metal shape-giving ring 5 is a ring-shaped metal line.
The media cover 4 is used to support a shaped ring. The shaping ring is irradiated by the radiation electromagnetic wave of the horn antenna 3, the surface of the shaping ring induces a ring current, and the ring current reacts on a radiation directional diagram of the horn antenna 3 to play a role in adjusting the shape of the directional diagram.
In this embodiment, the orthogonal mode coupler 1, the rectangular waveguide 2 and the horn antenna 3 are made of aluminum alloy, which is 3a21, and the three are fixedly connected together by machining and vacuum brazing. The material of the medium cover 4 is polyimide.
In the invention, after the rectangular waveguide 2 is debugged, the upper end and the lower end of the fixed rectangular waveguide 2 are respectively fixed with the orthogonal mode coupler 1 and the horn antenna 3.
When the orthogonal mode coupler works, two orthogonal linear polarized waves fed from an axial rectangular port and a lateral rectangular port 103 at the lower end of the orthogonal mode coupler 1 form a circularly polarized wave through the rectangular waveguide 2 and are fed into the horn antenna 3, the horn antenna 3 radiates the circularly polarized wave into a free space, and the metal shaped ring 5 shapes a radiation pattern of the horn antenna 3, namely the formed double circularly polarized waves are irradiated onto the metal shaped ring 5 supported by the medium cover 4 through the horn antenna 3 and form a directional pattern with a certain beam shape after interaction with electromagnetic waves induced by current radiation of the metal shaped ring 5.
In the invention, the circular caliber of the output port of the horn antenna 3 can be adjusted according to the requirement of gain.
In the present invention, the orthomode coupler 1 is a three-port waveguide device, and functions to guide two linearly polarized electromagnetic waves fed from an axial rectangular port (vertically polarized, i.e., the rectangular port at the lower end of the rectangular-to-circular transformation section 104) and a lateral rectangular port 103 (horizontally polarized, i.e., the lateral rectangular port 103 at the side of the circular waveguide cavity 101) into a common port (i.e., the upper circular port of the circular waveguide cavity 101 connected to the rectangular waveguide 2); the rectangular waveguide 2 plays a role of a circular polarizer, the rectangular waveguide 2 rotates for a certain angle around the axis of the circular waveguide cavity 101, a single linearly polarized wave (vertical polarization or horizontal polarization) fed in from a public port of the orthogonal mode coupler 1 is decomposed into two linearly polarized waves with orthogonal polarization and different propagation constants, after one end distance is propagated along the rectangular waveguide 2, the conditions of equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference are met, and a circularly polarized wave (left-handed polarization or right-handed polarization) is fed into the horn antenna 3; the horn antenna 3 is a rectangular circle gradually-changed flare angle round aperture antenna, and has the function of radiating circularly polarized waves fed in by the rectangular waveguide 2 into a free space, and the size of the round aperture is used for adjusting the requirement of a communication system on antenna gain; the metal shaping ring 5 supported by the dielectric cover 4 has the function of shaping a radiation pattern of the horn antenna 3, and beam shaping such as flat top or saddle shape can be realized by optimizing parameters such as the size of the shaping ring, the distance from the opening surface of the horn antenna 3 and the like (by adjusting the diameter and the line width of the shaping ring and the height from the opening surface of the horn antenna 3, different influences can be generated on the beam shape of the horn antenna 3).
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the circular waveguide cavity 101 is preferably the same as the standard circular waveguide C120, the lateral rectangular port 103 and the rectangular waveguide 2 are preferably the same as the standard rectangular waveguide 2BJ100, the thickness of the metal diaphragm 102 is 0.5mm, and the shape gradually changes from a rectangular shape at the lower section to a tapered shape at the upper section. The rectangular waveguide 2 is rotated clockwise 45 about the axis of the orthomode coupler 1 with an aspect ratio of 1.5 and a height of 35 mm. At this time, the energy fed from the rectangular-to-circular conversion section 104 radiates a right-hand circularly polarized wave into the free space, and the energy fed from the lateral rectangular port 103 radiates a left-hand circularly polarized wave into the free space.
Referring to fig. 3, a "gate" like flat-top pattern can be obtained by optimizing the size of the metal shaped ring 5 and the distance from the opening of the horn antenna 3, wherein the dotted line is the antenna pattern without the metal shaped ring 5, and the solid line is the antenna pattern with the metal shaped ring 5;
fig. 4 shows the right hand circularly polarized wave main and cross polarization patterns radiated via the orthomode coupler 1 to the rectangular port;
FIG. 5 is an axial ratio plot of right hand circularly polarized waves;
fig. 6 shows the left-hand circularly polarized wave main polarization and cross polarization patterns radiated via the lateral rectangular port 103 of the quadrature-mode coupler 1;
fig. 7 is an axial ratio diagram of a left-handed circularly polarized wave.
The disclosure above is only one specific embodiment of the present application, but the present application is not limited thereto, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a two circular polarized antennas of beam forming which characterized in that, includes orthomode coupler, rectangular waveguide, horn antenna, medium cover and the metal shaping ring that from the bottom up set gradually:
the orthogonal mode coupler comprises a circular waveguide cavity, a metal diaphragm, a lateral rectangular port and a rectangular-circular transformation section, wherein the lateral rectangular port is communicated with the circular waveguide cavity and is positioned on the outer side of the circular waveguide cavity; the metal diaphragm is vertically arranged in the circular waveguide cavity opposite to the lateral rectangular port and is positioned at the lower section of the circular waveguide cavity, and the space of the lower section of the circular waveguide cavity is divided into two equal parts; the rectangular-circular conversion section is communicated with the lower end of the circular waveguide cavity and gradually converts a circular port at the lower end of the circular waveguide cavity into a rectangular port along the axis;
the rectangular waveguide rotates clockwise or anticlockwise around the axis of the circular waveguide cavity and then is communicated with the circular waveguide cavity;
the small-caliber end of the horn antenna is a rectangular port, the large-caliber end of the horn antenna is a circular port, and the small-caliber end of the horn antenna is communicated with the rectangular waveguide;
the medium cover is covered at the large-aperture end of the horn antenna, and the metal shaping ring is etched on the top end face of the medium cover;
when the orthogonal mode coupler works, two orthogonal linear polarized waves fed in from an axial rectangular port and a lateral rectangular port at the lower end of the orthogonal mode coupler form circularly polarized waves through the rectangular waveguide and are fed into the horn antenna, the horn antenna radiates the circularly polarized waves into free space, and the metal shaping ring shapes a radiation pattern of the horn antenna.
2. A beamforming dual circularly polarized antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the angle of the rotation of the rectangular waveguide clockwise or counterclockwise around the axis of the circular waveguide cavity is not more than 90 °.
3. A shaped-beam dual circularly polarized antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said metal film is rectangular, and said metal film is embedded in the lower section of said circular waveguide cavity and located on the axis of said circular waveguide cavity.
4. A beamforming dual circularly polarized antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said metal diaphragm gradually changes from a rectangular shape at a lower section to a conical shape at an upper section, and said metal diaphragm is embedded in the lower section of said circular waveguide cavity and located on the axis of said circular waveguide cavity.
5. A beam forming dual circularly polarized antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the upper end of the circular waveguide cavity is annularly provided with a first circular platform, and the lower port of the rectangular waveguide is sleeved on the upper port of the circular waveguide cavity and is fixedly connected with the first circular platform.
6. A beam forming dual circularly polarized antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the upper end of said horn antenna is annularly provided with a second circular truncated cone;
the medium cover is a cylindrical cover body structure with a top at the upper end and a bottomless lower end, and the lower port of the medium cover is sleeved on the upper port of the horn antenna and is fixedly connected with the second round table.
7. A beamforming dual circularly polarized antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said circular waveguide cavity has the same shape as the standard circular waveguide C120.
8. A shaped-beam dual circularly polarized antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said lateral rectangular port has the same shape as a standard rectangular waveguide BJ 100.
9. A beamforming dual circularly polarized antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said rectangular waveguide has the same shape as a standard rectangular waveguide BJ 100.
10. A shaped-beam dual circularly polarized antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said metal shaped ring is a ring-shaped metal line.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010213491.3A CN111403902B (en) | 2020-03-24 | 2020-03-24 | Beam-forming dual circularly polarized antenna |
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| CN202010213491.3A CN111403902B (en) | 2020-03-24 | 2020-03-24 | Beam-forming dual circularly polarized antenna |
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| CN111403902B CN111403902B (en) | 2022-08-02 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112582801A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-30 | 北京邮电大学 | Circularly polarized horn antenna |
| CN112886252A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-01 | 北京邮电大学 | Compact range shaped feed source and compact range system |
| CN112993571A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-06-18 | 星展测控科技股份有限公司 | Antenna unit, array antenna and communication device |
| CN113540818A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-10-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Machining method of small high-precision deep-cavity four-ridge waveguide circular polarizer |
| CN115360503A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-11-18 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Broadband shaped antenna based on multi-turn beam shaped radiation element |
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| CN112993571A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-06-18 | 星展测控科技股份有限公司 | Antenna unit, array antenna and communication device |
| CN113540818A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-10-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Machining method of small high-precision deep-cavity four-ridge waveguide circular polarizer |
| CN113540818B (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2023-03-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Machining method of small high-precision deep-cavity four-ridge waveguide circular polarizer |
| CN115360503A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-11-18 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Broadband shaped antenna based on multi-turn beam shaped radiation element |
| CN115360503B (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2024-05-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Broadband shaping antenna based on multi-turn beam shaping radiating element |
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| CN111403902B (en) | 2022-08-02 |
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