CN111403851A - Direct cooling type power battery tab heat dissipation system based on liquid ammonia - Google Patents
Direct cooling type power battery tab heat dissipation system based on liquid ammonia Download PDFInfo
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- CN111403851A CN111403851A CN202010232869.4A CN202010232869A CN111403851A CN 111403851 A CN111403851 A CN 111403851A CN 202010232869 A CN202010232869 A CN 202010232869A CN 111403851 A CN111403851 A CN 111403851A
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- direct
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- utmost point
- point ear
- liquid ammonia
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention aims to provide a direct-cooling power battery tab heat dissipation system based on liquid ammonia, which comprises: the device comprises a battery core, a positive tab, a negative tab, a connecting bar, a direct cooling plate, a liquid ammonia storage tank, an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, a throttling element, a controller, a refrigeration electromagnetic valve, a liquid spraying electromagnetic valve, a thermal electromagnetic valve, a gas-liquid separator and an oil-gas separator. The invention fully utilizes the physical characteristic of large latent heat of vaporization of liquid ammonia, adopts a direct cooling type power battery heat management mode to dissipate heat of the battery tab, can greatly reduce heat exchange contact thermal resistance, and improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the system. The invention has compact structure and high heat exchange efficiency, and can greatly reduce the energy consumption of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power battery thermal management system.
Background
With the increasingly prominent problems of energy safety and environmental pollution in China, new energy automobiles are rapidly developed in recent years, the whole automobile industry is turning and upgrading towards electromotion and intellectualization, and a power battery, a motor and an electric control technology are used as core 'three-electricity' components of the new energy automobiles, and the influence degree of the performance of the new energy automobiles on the whole automobiles is self-evident. Particularly, the current power battery is developing towards high energy density and short charging time, and the high heat output of the power battery needs to be quickly dissipated by a thermal management system so as to ensure that the whole battery module or the battery pack is in a proper working temperature range and the temperature uniformity of the battery at different positions in the system.
The existing battery thermal management methods mainly comprise: air cooling, liquid cooling and direct cooling, as well as phase change material cooling and heat pipe cooling. The air-cooled power battery heat management mode is characterized in that the specific heat capacity of air is small, the heat conduction coefficient is low, the heat convection coefficient is small, the heat dissipation time is long, the cooling effect with high charging and discharging multiplying power is poor, the pressure difference of an inlet and an outlet of the whole system is large, the flow field is uneven, and the battery pack generates large temperature difference due to the difference of cooling conditions among batteries in the battery pack, and the battery pack is gradually eliminated by a host factory. The liquid cooling power battery heat management mode is large in size, heavy in weight, high in cost, high in requirements on sealing performance and insulating performance, large in energy consumption of auxiliary components and prone to cooling liquid leakage accidents. The phase-change material has low thermal conductivity, low phase-change latent heat, limited heat exchange amount, additional increase of system volume, heavier mass, greatly reduced mass energy density and volume energy density of the whole heat management system, failure in timely heat dissipation and difficulty in preheating in a phase-change material heat management mode. The heat pipe and the battery have high shape adaptability requirement, complex structure, poor heat exchange performance of the pipe structure, high insulativity requirement, high processing technology requirement and high cost, and the phase change material and the heat pipe technology need a certain time from industrial application.
The direct cooling battery heat management mode utilizes the phase change cooling of a refrigerating working medium, has high heat dissipation efficiency, can better deal with the problems of quick charge and quick discharge with larger multiplying power, and ammonia is the most environment-friendly refrigerant and is classified as one of natural refrigerant series, wherein GWP (global warming potential) and ODP (ozone depletion potential) of the direct cooling battery are both equal to zero. Compared with most chemical refrigerants, ammonia has better heat transfer performance, so that the ammonia can be used in equipment with smaller heat transfer area, and the equipment cost of a factory is reduced. This feature also contributes to the thermal efficiency of the system, while reducing the operating cost of the system. At present, most of power batteries are internally composed of a positive electrode, a diaphragm, a negative electrode and a battery shell, the diaphragm is made of a material with low thermal conductivity, the thermal resistance from the inside of a battery core to the direction vertical to the surface is large, the thermal conductivity is poor, and the heat transfer effect is poor, connecting columns of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery are directly connected with current collecting plates of the positive battery and the negative battery, the positive electrode of the battery is made of an aluminum material, the negative electrode of the battery is made of a nickel, copper or nickel-plated copper material, and the heat conductivity of the aluminum and the copper are.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a direct-cooling power battery tab heat dissipation system based on liquid ammonia, which greatly reduces the complexity of the system and improves the operation efficiency of a heat management system.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention relates to a direct cooling type power battery tab heat dissipation system based on liquid ammonia, which is characterized in that: the evaporator is connected with the direct cooling plate inlet and the direct cooling plate liquid outlet of the lug, the evaporator is connected with the direct cooling plate inlet and the direct cooling plate liquid outlet of the lug respectively to form direct cooling external circulation, the evaporator, a liquid ammonia storage tank, a drying filter, a condenser, the oil-gas separator, a compressor and the gas-liquid separator are connected to form a refrigeration unit main path, a thermal electromagnetic valve is led out from the outlet of the oil-gas separator and connected with the evaporator to form a thermal bypass branch, and a liquid spraying electromagnetic valve is led out from the liquid ammonia storage tank and connected with the gas-liquid separator.
The present invention may further comprise:
1. the oil-gas separator is provided with an oil filling port, a high-pressure protector and a high-pressure meter are arranged between the compressor and the oil-gas separator, and a low-pressure protector and a low-pressure meter are arranged between the compressor and the gas-liquid separator.
2. The direct cold plate inlet of utmost point ear includes that the direct cold plate feed liquor of utmost point ear is first to be a mouthful and the direct cold plate feed liquor second of utmost point ear is a mouthful, the direct cold plate liquid outlet of utmost point ear includes that the direct cold plate of utmost point ear goes out a first mouth and the direct cold plate of utmost point ear goes out a mouthful of second, and the direct cold plate feed liquor of utmost point ear is first to be a mouthful and the direct cold plate of utmost point ear goes out and communicates with each other through the direct cold runner of second between the first mouth that goes out a mouthful with the direct cold plate of utmost point ear, and the direct cold runner of first straight cold runner and second communicates with each other through the direct cold runner of second between the direct cold plate of utmost point ear goes out a mouthful, and the direct cold runner of first straight cold runner corresponds to the positive ear.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention innovatively uses liquid ammonia as a refrigerant to be applied to the technical field of power battery heat management, utilizes the mature synthesis process of the liquid ammonia refrigerant, is easy to prepare, has low cost, does not destroy the ozone layer, has no greenhouse effect, has moderate pressure in a condenser and an evaporator, and has larger refrigerating capacity per unit volume than CFC-12 and HCFC-22; the heat pump system has the advantages of large latent heat of vaporization, high refrigeration and heat release coefficients, minimum size of the ammonia compressor at the same temperature and the same refrigeration capacity and the like, and can realize direct cooling and efficient heat management of the power battery.
2. The direct cooling heat management technology of the power battery based on tab heat dissipation is innovatively developed, the tab heat dissipation is smaller than the surface heat dissipation and heat exchange thermal resistance, and the heat management efficiency of the system can be improved. Compared with the traditional heat management mode, the whole direct cooling type power battery tab heat dissipation system based on liquid ammonia is compact in system structure, less in redundant parts and capable of achieving more efficient operation.
3. The two channels of the direct cooling plate are skillfully designed to be over against two rows of lugs of the battery in spatial position, so that the heat dissipation efficiency of the system can be greatly improved, and the refrigeration unit adopts a multi-branch design of main refrigeration, auxiliary liquid injection and heat bypass, so that the safety and reliability of the system can be greatly improved.
4. According to the invention, the temperature of the battery module or the battery pack is monitored, the acquired data is transmitted to the controller, and the controller adjusts the operation condition of the thermal management system by controlling the opening of the throttling element.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic partial structure diagram of a tab heat dissipation unit.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
with reference to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a direct-cooling power battery tab heat dissipation system based on liquid ammonia, which is applied to the battery thermal management field by virtue of the advantage of large latent heat of vaporization phase change of a liquid ammonia refrigerant; and the direct cooling plate is arranged right above the battery lug by utilizing the advantage that the heat exchange thermal resistance of the battery lug heat dissipation mode is smaller than that of the surface heat dissipation mode, and the flow channel in the direct cooling plate is arranged right opposite to the lug connecting row. By the multi-channel design of the refrigeration unit, the optimization goal that the whole heat management system can select a proper heat management strategy according to the heat production condition of the battery is achieved. The plurality of functional sensors are ingeniously arranged in the system, temperature signals acquired by the plurality of functional sensors are fed back to the controller, and then the opening of the throttling element is adjusted through the controller, so that the battery parameters at different positions in the operation process of the whole thermal management system are monitored in real time and actively controlled.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a direct cooling type power battery tab heat dissipation system based on liquid ammonia, including: the device comprises a battery core 1, an anode tab 2, a cathode tab 3, a battery module 4, a temperature sensor 5, a data signal 6, an evaporator 7, a throttling element 8, a controller 9, a liquid ammonia storage tank 10, a refrigeration electromagnetic valve 11, a liquid injection electromagnetic valve 12, a thermal electromagnetic valve 13, a drying filter 14, a condenser 15, a condenser radiating fin 16, a condenser radiating fan 17, a compressor 18, an oil-gas separator 19, an oil filling port 20, a high-voltage protector 21, a high-voltage meter 22, a low-voltage meter 23, a low-voltage protector 24, a gas-liquid separator 25, a corrosion-resistant pipeline 26, a direct lug cooling plate 27, an insulating heat-conducting isolation frame 28, a direct lug cooling plate liquid inlet 29 and a direct lug cooling.
During implementation, the battery module 4 is formed by connecting the positive electrode lug 2 and the negative electrode lug 3 through the connecting row by the plurality of battery cores 1, the battery cores 1 at different positions on the battery module are provided with the temperature sensors 5, the temperature sensors 5 transmit acquired data signals 6 to the controller 9 through the data channel, and then the controller 9 controls the opening degree of the throttling element 8 in the refrigerating unit so as to adjust the refrigerant flow of the whole system. An insulating heat-conducting isolation frame 28 and a lug direct cooling plate 27 are arranged right above the battery lugs, the lug direct cooling plate is provided with a lug direct cooling plate liquid inlet 29 and a lug direct cooling plate liquid outlet 30, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are respectively connected with the evaporator 7 to form direct cooling external circulation. The external circulation pipeline of the direct cooling system adopts a corrosion-resistant pipeline 26, the evaporator 7 is connected with the liquid ammonia storage tank 10, the drying filter 14, the condenser 15, the compressor 18, the oil-gas separator 19 and the gas-liquid separator 25 to form a main path of the refrigeration unit, the oil-gas separator 19 is provided with an oil filling port 20, a high-pressure protector 21 and a high-pressure meter 22 are arranged between the compressor 18 and the oil-gas separator 19, and a low-pressure meter 23 and a low-pressure protector 24 are arranged between the compressor 18 and the gas-liquid separator 25. A thermal electromagnetic valve 13 is led out from the outlet of the oil-gas separator 19 and connected to the evaporator 7 to form a thermal bypass branch, and a liquid spraying electromagnetic valve 12 is led out from the liquid ammonia storage tank 10 and connected to the gas-liquid separator 25 to form the whole refrigeration unit.
In this embodiment, the battery is charged or discharged, the positive tab 2 and the negative tab 3 of the battery generate heat, the refrigeration unit of the compressor unit is started, and the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia storage tank 10 evaporates in the evaporator 7 to absorb heat, flows to the compressor 18, and condenses in the condenser 15 to release heat. The tab direct cooling plate 27 is connected with the evaporator 7 of the refrigeration unit, and cooling liquid flows through the battery module and then efficiently dissipates heat at the tab. When the system runs, the temperature sensors 5 are arranged at different positions of the battery module to monitor temperature signals and feed the temperature signals back to the controller 9, the controller 9 receives the data signals 6 and then performs corresponding actions to control the throttling element 8 to be in a proper opening degree, and the dynamic control of the whole thermal management system is realized.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the battery pole lug heat dissipation device comprises a battery pole lug heat dissipation unit, a liquid storage unit, a refrigeration unit and a data acquisition and control unit. The battery tab heat dissipation unit comprises a plurality of battery cores, a plurality of rows of battery tabs, a plurality of connecting rows, a plurality of battery temperature sensors, a battery module, an insulating heat conduction isolation frame, a tab direct cooling plate, a liquid inlet control electromagnetic valve and a liquid outlet control electromagnetic valve; for the battery cells with the bolt holes on the positive and negative pole lugs, connecting a plurality of battery cells into a battery module through a connecting bar, wherein the connecting bar is provided with through holes matched with the bolt hole diameters of the lugs, and the screw holes and the bolts can be compensated by gaskets when the height tolerance exists; for the battery cell without bolt holes on the positive and negative electrode lugs, welding the connecting bar and the battery cell lugs into a battery module by a laser welding technology; when the battery cell is grouped with the battery cell, a proper amount of heat-conducting silicone grease is smeared on the contact surface so as to reduce the contact thermal resistance.
The direct cooling plate for the tab is arranged right above the battery tab, an insulating heat-conducting isolation frame is arranged between the tab connecting row and the direct cooling plate for the tab, and the direct cooling plate for the tab comprises two liquid inlets, two liquid outlets and two direct cooling flow passages; the whole direct cooling plate for the lug is provided with a two-line-shaped flow channel, cooling liquid flows along the thickness direction of the battery, and a refrigerant which enters one row of the lug and exits the lug corresponds to one row of the lug; two cooling passages in the direct cooling plate for the tabs are just arranged right above two rows of tabs of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery, and the width of the two cooling passages is larger than or equal to that of the two rows of tabs. The downward projection area of the insulating heat-conducting isolation frame is larger than or equal to the downward projection area of the direct cooling plate of the tab, and the size of the insulating heat-conducting isolation frame and the size of the direct cooling plate of the tab are ensured to be matched in the horizontal direction; the height of the insulating heat-conducting isolation frame is larger than the total height of the battery tab connecting row module; the insulating heat-conducting isolation frame is of a hollow structure, and the volume of the hollow part is larger than that of the irregular module on the upper portion of the battery module.
The liquid storage unit adopts a liquid ammonia storage tank, liquid ammonia is used as a refrigerant, a refrigeration pipeline adopts a corrosion-resistant pipe, the latent heat of vaporization of the liquid ammonia is utilized to be large, and efficient heat dissipation is carried out at a battery tab. The refrigeration unit consists of three branches of main refrigeration, branch liquid injection and hot bypass; the main refrigeration module is provided with a liquid ammonia storage tank, a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a refrigeration electromagnetic valve, a throttling element, a refrigeration manual valve and a drying filter, and the condenser is provided with a cooling fan; a liquid spraying branch is formed by leading a liquid spraying electromagnetic valve and a liquid spraying manual valve out of a liquid ammonia storage tank; a thermal electromagnetic valve and a thermal manual valve are led out from the outlet of the compressor to form a thermal bypass branch; an oil-gas separator is arranged on a pipeline between the compressor and the condenser, an oil filling port is arranged on the oil-gas separator, a gas-liquid separator is arranged on a pipeline between the compressor and the liquid ammonia storage tank and between the compressor and the evaporator, and a high-pressure protector, a low-pressure protector and a high-pressure protector are arranged at an inlet and an outlet of the compressor. And the multifunctional sensor in the battery tab heat dissipation unit monitors data signals and transmits the data signals to the controller through the data channel, and the controller responds to the matched heat management strategy by controlling the opening of the throttling element.
In summary, the following steps: the invention utilizes the advantages of large latent heat of evaporation and vaporization of liquid ammonia, high refrigeration and heat release coefficients, minimum size of an ammonia compressor at the same temperature and the same refrigeration amount and the like to carry out tab heat dissipation on the battery, thereby greatly reducing the heat exchange thermal resistance of the heat management system, improving the heat exchange efficiency, and realizing the dynamic regulation and control of the direct cooling heat management system of the power battery by regulating the opening of the throttling element through the intelligent controller after monitoring a temperature signal.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a direct cooling formula power battery utmost point ear cooling system based on liquid ammonia, characterized by: the evaporator is connected with the direct cooling plate inlet and the direct cooling plate liquid outlet of the lug, the evaporator is connected with the direct cooling plate inlet and the direct cooling plate liquid outlet of the lug respectively to form direct cooling external circulation, the evaporator, a liquid ammonia storage tank, a drying filter, a condenser, the oil-gas separator, a compressor and the gas-liquid separator are connected to form a refrigeration unit main path, a thermal electromagnetic valve is led out from the outlet of the oil-gas separator and connected with the evaporator to form a thermal bypass branch, and a liquid spraying electromagnetic valve is led out from the liquid ammonia storage tank and connected with the gas-liquid separator.
2. The direct cooling type power battery tab heat dissipation system based on liquid ammonia as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the oil-gas separator is provided with an oil filling port, a high-pressure protector and a high-pressure meter are arranged between the compressor and the oil-gas separator, and a low-pressure protector and a low-pressure meter are arranged between the compressor and the gas-liquid separator.
3. The direct cooling type power battery tab heat dissipation system based on liquid ammonia as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the direct cold plate inlet of utmost point ear includes that the direct cold plate feed liquor of utmost point ear is first to be a mouthful and the direct cold plate feed liquor second of utmost point ear is a mouthful, the direct cold plate liquid outlet of utmost point ear includes that the direct cold plate of utmost point ear goes out a first mouth and the direct cold plate of utmost point ear goes out a mouthful of second, and the direct cold plate feed liquor of utmost point ear is first to be a mouthful and the direct cold plate of utmost point ear goes out and communicates with each other through the direct cold runner of second between the first mouth that goes out a mouthful with the direct cold plate of utmost point ear, and the direct cold runner of first straight cold runner and second communicates with each other through the direct cold runner of second between the direct cold plate of utmost point ear goes out a mouthful, and the direct cold runner of first straight cold runner corresponds to the positive ear.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010232869.4A CN111403851A (en) | 2020-03-28 | 2020-03-28 | Direct cooling type power battery tab heat dissipation system based on liquid ammonia |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010232869.4A CN111403851A (en) | 2020-03-28 | 2020-03-28 | Direct cooling type power battery tab heat dissipation system based on liquid ammonia |
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| CN111403851A true CN111403851A (en) | 2020-07-10 |
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| CN202010232869.4A Pending CN111403851A (en) | 2020-03-28 | 2020-03-28 | Direct cooling type power battery tab heat dissipation system based on liquid ammonia |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102080893A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-06-01 | 山东绿能燃气实业有限责任公司 | Novel ammonia refrigerating device and technical process |
| CN203011006U (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-06-19 | 南京久鼎制冷空调设备有限公司 | Waste heat recovery high-temperature hot water unit |
| CN203949402U (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-11-19 | 湖北冰鉴冷冻科技有限公司 | A kind of cooling device with hot gas defrosting function |
| EP3483979A1 (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-05-15 | MAN Truck & Bus AG | Technique for regulating the temperature of a traction energy storage unit |
| CN110600788A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2019-12-20 | 山东大学 | Soft packet of power battery package of electric automobile based on utmost point ear heat dissipation and thermal management system thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-03-28 CN CN202010232869.4A patent/CN111403851A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102080893A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-06-01 | 山东绿能燃气实业有限责任公司 | Novel ammonia refrigerating device and technical process |
| CN203011006U (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-06-19 | 南京久鼎制冷空调设备有限公司 | Waste heat recovery high-temperature hot water unit |
| CN203949402U (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-11-19 | 湖北冰鉴冷冻科技有限公司 | A kind of cooling device with hot gas defrosting function |
| EP3483979A1 (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-05-15 | MAN Truck & Bus AG | Technique for regulating the temperature of a traction energy storage unit |
| CN110600788A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2019-12-20 | 山东大学 | Soft packet of power battery package of electric automobile based on utmost point ear heat dissipation and thermal management system thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200710 |