CN111398815A - Magnetic steel failure verification method for permanent magnet motor - Google Patents
Magnetic steel failure verification method for permanent magnet motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN111398815A CN111398815A CN202010304994.1A CN202010304994A CN111398815A CN 111398815 A CN111398815 A CN 111398815A CN 202010304994 A CN202010304994 A CN 202010304994A CN 111398815 A CN111398815 A CN 111398815A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R33/12—Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for verifying magnetic steel failure of a permanent magnet motor, which comprises the following steps: testing the cold-state counter potential of the tested motor in a room temperature environment; testing the peak torque of each rotating speed point of the tested motor in the electric and feed states; the temperature rise operation is carried out for M hours at rated speed and rated power; the temperature rise of the peak rotating speed and the rated power is carried out for N hours; testing the operation duration of the peak rotating speed and the peak power; operating at a preset rotating speed and applying corresponding torque to ensure that the temperature of the motor to be detected is stabilized at X degrees and then continuously operating for Y hours; testing the thermal state counter potential of the tested motor immediately after finishing; calculating the temperature of the magnetic steel of the tested motor; the method comprises the following steps of (1) operating a tested motor at a rated rotating speed, and applying positive peak torque and negative peak torque at intervals; and (5) standing the tested motor for a period of time, and retesting the cold-state counter potential. The invention effectively verifies that the temperature of the magnetic steel can be measured without real-time monitoring, and whether the permanent magnet is in a high-temperature or current impact state for a long time or not has failure risk.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobile motor testing, in particular to a magnetic steel failure verification method for a permanent magnet motor.
Background
The permanent magnet motor adopts the permanent magnet to generate a motor magnetic field, has high efficiency and simple structure, and can be widely applied along with the appearance of high-performance permanent magnet materials and the rapid development of control technology. However, people who often use the permanent magnet motor find that the permanent magnet motor often has demagnetization failure phenomena, which causes the phenomena of the output torque of the motor becoming smaller or the motor burning out, etc.
The permanent magnet (that is, the magnetic steel) in the motor has two main reasons for failure (demagnetization), firstly, the motor runs for a long time due to overlarge current (the current causes demagnetization), secondly, the temperature of the rotor in the running of the motor is overhigh and exceeds the temperature-resistant grade requirement of the permanent magnet (the high temperature causes demagnetization), therefore, how to effectively verify whether the motor magnetic steel has failure risk, because the motor rotor runs at high speed and is inside the motor, the actual temperature and the magnetic density of the magnetic steel cannot be directly measured, the state of the rotor magnetic steel cannot be monitored in real time, and therefore, a method for verifying the magnetic steel failure of the permanent magnet motor needs to be provided, so that whether the permanent magnet is in a high-temperature or current impact state for a long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for verifying the magnetic steel failure of a permanent magnet motor aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the method for verifying the magnetic steel failure of the permanent magnet motor is a method for verifying whether the permanent magnet motor has a demagnetization risk, so that the temperature of the magnetic steel can be effectively tested without real-time monitoring, and whether the permanent magnet is in a high-temperature or current impact state for a long time is effectively verified, and the problem of demagnetization verification of the motor is solved.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a magnetic steel failure verification method for a permanent magnet motor comprises the following testing steps:
(1) testing the cold-state counter potential of the tested motor in a room temperature environment, and recording the ambient temperature;
(2) testing the peak torque of each rotating speed point of the tested motor in an electric state and a feed state, comparing the test result with the corresponding characteristic parameter index of the tested motor, executing the next step if the test result accords with the corresponding characteristic parameter index, and otherwise, ending the test;
(3) running the motor to be tested for M hours at a rated rotating speed and a rated power state to ensure that the temperature of the motor to be tested rises; then the tested motor is operated for N hours under the state of peak rotating speed and rated power, so that the temperature of the tested motor is raised; after the test is finished, immediately running the tested motor in the state of peak rotating speed and peak power, stopping running the tested motor when the temperature of the tested motor reaches the temperature of the highest limit value of the motor, testing the running duration of the tested motor in the state of peak rotating speed and peak power, comparing the running duration with the preset time, executing the next step if the running duration is more than or equal to the preset time, and otherwise finishing the test;
(4) the method comprises the following steps of (1) running a motor to be tested at a preset rotating speed, and applying corresponding torque to the motor to be tested at the same time to enable the temperature of the motor to be tested to be stabilized at X degrees and then continuously run for Y hours; after the test is finished, immediately testing the thermal state counter potential of the tested motor; calculating the temperature of the magnetic steel of the tested motor according to the cold-state counter potential, the hot-state counter potential and the ambient temperature of the tested motor; if the calculated temperature exceeds the temperature resistance level of the permanent magnet corresponding to the magnetic steel, the magnetic steel of the tested motor fails; otherwise, executing the next step;
(5) running a tested motor at a rated rotating speed, and applying positive peak torque and negative peak torque to the tested motor at intervals;
(6) after the step (5) is finished, after the tested motor is placed still for a period of time in a room temperature environment, retesting the cold state counter potential of the tested motor, comparing the retested cold state counter potential with the cold state counter potential measured in the step (1), if the change of the retested cold state counter potential does not exceed a preset value, the magnetic steel of the tested motor is not invalid, otherwise, the magnetic steel of the tested motor is invalid.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the step (1) comprises the following steps:
and testing the cold-state counter potential of the tested motor at the rotating speed of 1000rpm under the room temperature environment, and recording the ambient temperature.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the rotating speed step pitch of each rotating speed point in the step (2) is 500 rpm.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the step (3) comprises the following steps:
the motor to be tested is operated for 2 hours under the state of rated speed and rated power, so that the temperature of the motor to be tested rises; then the tested motor is operated for 2 hours under the state of peak rotating speed and rated power, so that the temperature of the tested motor is raised; and after the operation is finished, immediately operating the tested motor in the state of peak rotating speed and peak power, stopping operating the tested motor when the temperature of the tested motor reaches the temperature of the highest limit value of the motor, testing the operation duration of the tested motor in the state of peak rotating speed and peak power, comparing the operation duration with 30S, executing the next step if the operation duration is more than or equal to 30S, and otherwise finishing the test.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the step (4) comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) operating a tested motor at a preset rotating speed, applying corresponding torque to the tested motor at the same time, and continuously operating for 24 hours after the temperature of the tested motor is stabilized at 130 ℃; after the end, testing the thermal state counter potential of the tested motor in 15S;
the preset rotating speed point is the sum of the external characteristic inflection point speed and the highest speed of the motor divided by 2, wherein the external characteristic inflection point speed is the rotating speed when the tested motor outputs the maximum torque;
the calculation formula of the temperature of the measured motor magnetic steel is as follows:
(1-cold/hot back-emf)/0.12 x 100+ ambient temperature.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the step (5) comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a tested motor is operated at a rated rotating speed, positive peak torque and negative peak torque are applied to the tested motor at intervals, the number of impact times of the applied positive peak torque and the number of impact times of the applied negative peak torque are not smaller than 20, the switching time of the positive peak torque and the negative peak torque is 1S, the duration time of each positive peak torque is 5S, and the duration time of each negative peak torque is 5S.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the step (6) comprises the following steps: after the step (5) is finished, after the tested motor is stood for at least 24 hours in a room temperature environment, retesting the cold-state counter electromotive force of the tested motor, comparing the retested cold-state counter electromotive force with the cold-state counter electromotive force measured in the step (1), if the change quantity of the retested cold-state counter electromotive force is not more than 1%, the magnetic steel of the tested motor is not invalid, otherwise, the magnetic steel of the tested motor is invalid.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the tested motor adopts a companion testing motor dragging method to carry out magnetic steel failure verification.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the working voltage of the tested motor in the testing step is the rated voltage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention mainly discloses a verification method aiming at whether a permanent magnet motor has a demagnetization risk! The method is characterized in that the temperature of the permanent magnet in the rotor is measured by the back electromotive force of the motor under the most severe working condition mainly through the characteristic parameters and the application characteristics of the motor, so that the temperature of the magnetic steel can be measured without real-time monitoring, and whether the permanent magnet is in a high-temperature or current impact state for a long time or not is effectively verified to have failure risk, thereby solving the problem of demagnetization verification of the motor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the working condition of a tested motor in a positive and negative peak torque impact state.
Detailed Description
The following further illustrates an embodiment of the invention according to the accompanying figure 1:
the embodiment provides a method for verifying magnetic steel failure of a permanent magnet motor, wherein the water temperature in a water-cooling shell of a tested motor simulates the water temperature of a whole vehicle to be 65 ℃, the flow rate is 8L/min, the working voltage of the tested motor is the rated voltage, and the test is carried out by adopting a companion testing motor dragging method under the room temperature environment condition, and the method comprises the following test steps:
step (1), testing the cold-state counter potential of the tested motor at the rotating speed of 1000rpm in a room temperature environment, and recording the ambient temperature.
Step (2), external characteristics of the motor: testing the peak torque of each rotating speed point of the tested motor in an electric state (namely a motor driving mode) and a feeding state (namely a motor generating mode), comparing the test result with the corresponding characteristic parameter index, if the test result accords with the corresponding characteristic parameter index, executing the next step, otherwise, ending the test; the step pitch of each rotation speed point in the step is 500rpm, namely, each rotation speed point is 500rpm, 1000rpm and 1500rpm … ….
Step (3), temperature rise test: the motor to be tested is operated for 2 hours under the state of rated speed and rated power, so that the temperature of the motor to be tested rises; then the tested motor is operated for 2 hours under the state of peak rotating speed and rated power, so that the temperature of the tested motor is raised; and after the test is finished, immediately running the tested motor in the state of peak rotating speed and peak power, stopping running the tested motor when the temperature of the tested motor reaches the temperature of the highest limit value of the motor, testing the continuous running time of the tested motor in the state of peak rotating speed and peak power, comparing the continuous running time with 30S, executing the next step if the continuous running time is greater than or equal to 30S, and otherwise, finishing the test.
Step (4), high-temperature durability: the motor to be tested is operated at a preset rotating speed, corresponding torque is applied to the motor to be tested at the same time, and the motor to be tested is continuously operated for 24 hours after the temperature of the motor to be tested is stabilized at 130 ℃; after the end, testing the thermal state counter potential of the tested motor in 15S; calculating the temperature of the magnetic steel of the tested motor according to the cold-state counter potential, the hot-state counter potential and the ambient temperature of the tested motor; if the calculated temperature exceeds the temperature resistance level of the permanent magnet corresponding to the magnetic steel, the magnetic steel of the tested motor fails; otherwise, the next step is executed.
The preset rotating speed is the sum of the external characteristic inflection point speed and the highest speed of the motor divided by 2, wherein the external characteristic inflection point speed is the rotating speed when the tested motor outputs the maximum torque.
The calculation formula of the temperature of the measured motor magnetic steel is as follows:
(1-cold/hot back-emf)/0.12 x 100+ ambient temperature.
Point taking characteristics of preset rotating speed are as follows: the magnetic steel performance is influenced by two reasons, 1 is temperature, because under the high-speed high-temperature state, the iron loss of a motor rotor is large, the magnetic steel temperature is high, the performance of a motor is influenced, 2 is current, the motor can also cause performance reduction under long-time large current, the motor mainly runs at constant power after an inflection point, the speed is higher, the current is smaller, the selected rotating speed cannot be too high, therefore, the selected verification condition is that the motor has high speed and high temperature and also has continuous large current, and through a large number of motor verification, the preset rotating speed is taken as the optimal verification rotating speed.
Step (5), torque shock: the method comprises the steps that a tested motor is operated at a rated rotating speed, positive peak torque and negative peak torque are applied to the tested motor at intervals, the number of impact times of the applied positive peak torque and the number of impact times of the applied negative peak torque are not less than 20, the switching time of the positive peak torque and the negative peak torque is 1S, the duration of each positive peak torque is 5S, and the duration of each negative peak torque is 5S, and is shown in figure 1. The method aims to simulate the limit state of the magnetic steel under the conditions of rapid acceleration and rapid deceleration of the whole vehicle, and the working condition design is severer times than the actual operation of the whole vehicle so as to verify whether the magnetic steel is under large impact current to cause demagnetization.
After the step (6) and the step (5) are finished, after the tested motor is stood for at least 24 hours in a room temperature environment, retesting the cold-state counter potential of the tested motor, comparing the retested cold-state counter potential with the cold-state counter potential measured in the step (1), if the change quantity of the retested cold-state counter potential is not more than 1%, the magnetic steel of the tested motor is not invalid, otherwise, the magnetic steel of the tested motor is invalid.
The existing conventional test methods: the performance and reliability testing method is difficult to detect the demagnetization risk of the motor in a short time, the invention can effectively verify whether the motor has the demagnetization risk, and meanwhile, an improved thought is provided for the design of the motor according to whether the motor has the demagnetization risk, at present, more than 8 thousands of motors are loaded, and the demagnetization phenomenon is not found after the motor is operated for 1 year.
The invention mainly discloses a verification method aiming at whether a permanent magnet motor has a demagnetization risk! The method is characterized in that the temperature of the permanent magnet in the rotor is measured by the back electromotive force of the motor under the most severe working condition mainly through the characteristic parameters and the application characteristics of the motor, so that the temperature of the magnetic steel can be measured without real-time monitoring, and whether the permanent magnet is in a high-temperature or current impact state for a long time or not is effectively verified to have failure risk, thereby solving the problem of demagnetization verification of the motor.
The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the above embodiments, and the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and any alterations, modifications, and improvements that may occur to those skilled in the art are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A magnetic steel failure verification method of a permanent magnet motor is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following testing steps:
(1) testing the cold-state counter potential of the tested motor in a room temperature environment, and recording the ambient temperature;
(2) testing the peak torque of each rotating speed point of the tested motor in an electric state and a feed state, comparing the test result with the corresponding characteristic parameter index of the tested motor, executing the next step if the test result accords with the corresponding characteristic parameter index, and otherwise, ending the test;
(3) running the motor to be tested for M hours at a rated rotating speed and a rated power state to ensure that the temperature of the motor to be tested rises; then the tested motor is operated for N hours under the state of peak rotating speed and rated power, so that the temperature of the tested motor is raised; after the test is finished, immediately running the tested motor in the state of peak rotating speed and peak power, stopping running the tested motor when the temperature of the tested motor reaches the temperature of the highest limit value of the motor, testing the running duration of the tested motor in the state of peak rotating speed and peak power, comparing the running duration with the preset time, executing the next step if the running duration is more than or equal to the preset time, and otherwise finishing the test;
(4) the method comprises the following steps of (1) running a motor to be tested at a preset rotating speed, and applying corresponding torque to the motor to be tested at the same time to enable the temperature of the motor to be tested to be stabilized at X degrees and then continuously run for Y hours; after the test is finished, immediately testing the thermal state counter potential of the tested motor; calculating the temperature of the magnetic steel of the tested motor according to the cold-state counter potential, the hot-state counter potential and the ambient temperature of the tested motor; if the calculated temperature exceeds the temperature resistance level of the permanent magnet corresponding to the magnetic steel, the magnetic steel of the tested motor fails; otherwise, executing the next step;
(5) running a tested motor at a rated rotating speed, and applying positive peak torque and negative peak torque to the tested motor at intervals;
(6) after the step (5) is finished, after the tested motor is placed still for a period of time in a room temperature environment, retesting the cold state counter potential of the tested motor, comparing the retested cold state counter potential with the cold state counter potential measured in the step (1), if the change of the retested cold state counter potential does not exceed a preset value, the magnetic steel of the tested motor is not invalid, otherwise, the magnetic steel of the tested motor is invalid.
2. The method for verifying magnetic steel failure of the permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step (1) comprises the following steps:
and testing the cold-state counter potential of the tested motor at the rotating speed of 1000rpm under the room temperature environment, and recording the ambient temperature.
3. The method for verifying magnetic steel failure of the permanent magnet motor according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the rotating speed step pitch of each rotating speed point in the step (2) is 500 rpm.
4. The method for verifying magnetic steel failure of the permanent magnet motor according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step (3) comprises the following steps:
the motor to be tested is operated for 2 hours under the state of rated speed and rated power, so that the temperature of the motor to be tested rises; then the tested motor is operated for 2 hours under the state of peak rotating speed and rated power, so that the temperature of the tested motor is raised; and after the operation is finished, immediately operating the tested motor in the state of peak rotating speed and peak power, stopping operating the tested motor when the temperature of the tested motor reaches the temperature of the highest limit value of the motor, testing the operation duration of the tested motor in the state of peak rotating speed and peak power, comparing the operation duration with 30S, executing the next step if the operation duration is more than or equal to 30S, and otherwise finishing the test.
5. The method for verifying magnetic steel failure of the permanent magnet motor according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step (4) comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) operating a tested motor at a preset rotating speed, applying corresponding torque to the tested motor at the same time, and continuously operating for 24 hours after the temperature of the tested motor is stabilized at 130 ℃; after the end, testing the thermal state counter potential of the tested motor in 15S;
the preset rotating speed point is the sum of the external characteristic inflection point speed and the highest speed of the motor divided by 2, wherein the external characteristic inflection point speed is the rotating speed when the tested motor outputs the maximum torque;
the calculation formula of the temperature of the measured motor magnetic steel is as follows:
(1-cold/hot back-emf)/0.12 x 100+ ambient temperature.
6. The method for verifying magnetic steel failure of the permanent magnet motor according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step (5) comprises: the method comprises the steps that a tested motor is operated at a rated rotating speed, positive peak torque and negative peak torque are applied to the tested motor at intervals, the number of impact times of the applied positive peak torque and the number of impact times of the applied negative peak torque are not smaller than 20, the switching time of the positive peak torque and the negative peak torque is 1S, the duration time of each positive peak torque is 5S, and the duration time of each negative peak torque is 5S.
7. The method for verifying magnetic steel failure of the permanent magnet motor according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step (6) comprises: after the step (5) is finished, after the tested motor is stood for at least 24 hours in a room temperature environment, retesting the cold-state counter electromotive force of the tested motor, comparing the retested cold-state counter electromotive force with the cold-state counter electromotive force measured in the step (1), if the change quantity of the retested cold-state counter electromotive force is not more than 1%, the magnetic steel of the tested motor is not invalid, otherwise, the magnetic steel of the tested motor is invalid.
8. The method for verifying magnetic steel failure of the permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the tested motor adopts a method of accompanying the tested motor to carry out magnetic steel failure verification.
9. The method for verifying magnetic steel failure of the permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the working voltage of the tested motor in the testing step is the rated voltage.
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