CN111398787B - Fault diagnosis method for three-phase voltage type PWM (pulse-width modulation) rectification circuit under complex working condition - Google Patents
Fault diagnosis method for three-phase voltage type PWM (pulse-width modulation) rectification circuit under complex working condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fault diagnosis method of a three-phase voltage type PWM (pulse-width modulation) rectification circuit under a complex working condition, which comprises the steps of establishing a state space expression of the three-phase PWM rectification circuit, obtaining a circuit characteristic value, calculating the circuit characteristic values under different circuit component parameters, and determining a circuit fault threshold value; calculating a high-frequency characteristic vector of the circuit as a fault characteristic vector through binary wavelet decomposition, establishing a relation model of a circuit characteristic value and the fault characteristic vector based on a neural network, finally calculating a fault characteristic vector of an actual circuit to be tested based on an actually measured circuit signal, obtaining the actual circuit characteristic value to be tested based on the established relation model of the circuit characteristic value and the fault characteristic vector, comparing the circuit characteristic value of the actual circuit to be tested with a circuit fault threshold value, judging the circuit fault condition, and realizing fault diagnosis of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectifying circuit under the complex condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to fault diagnosis of a rectification circuit, in particular to a fault diagnosis method of a three-phase voltage type PWM rectification circuit under a complex working condition.
Background
The power electronic circuit is used as an important component of electrical equipment, and accurate and efficient fault diagnosis of the power electronic circuit is particularly important for reliable and safe operation of the electrical equipment. Since circuit signals are affected by circuit conditions, complex conditions can affect the fault diagnosis of power electronic circuits. The influence of working conditions becomes a bottleneck problem which restricts accurate fault diagnosis of the power electronic circuit. The invention provides a fault diagnosis method of a three-phase voltage type PWM rectification circuit under a complex working condition, which comprises the steps of firstly constructing a state space expression of the circuit based on a topological structure and a working principle of the circuit, obtaining a circuit characteristic value, decomposing a circuit voltage signal through wavelet transformation, solving a high-frequency characteristic vector of the circuit, calculating a circuit characteristic value corresponding to the high-frequency characteristic vector, predicting the circuit characteristic value by utilizing a wavelet neural network, and further diagnosing circuit faults. The characteristic value obtained by the method is only related to the structure and parameters of the circuit and is irrelevant to the working condition, so that the method can not be influenced by the change of the working condition, is suitable for fault diagnosis of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectifying circuit under the complex working condition, and can be popularized and applied to other power electronic circuits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fault diagnosis method for a three-phase voltage type PWM (pulse-width modulation) rectification circuit under a complex working condition, which is not influenced by an external working condition and can accurately extract fault characteristics of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectification circuit.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
the fault diagnosis method of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectification circuit under the complex working condition comprises the following steps (1) to (6):
(1) establishing a state space expression of a voltage type three-phase PWM rectification circuit and calculating to obtain four characteristic values of the circuit, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps:
firstly, the switching device in the circuit is equivalent to a unipolar switch σ k (ii) a The actual inductance element in the circuit is equivalent to the series connection of an ideal inductance L and a loss resistor R, and the actual capacitor in the circuit is equivalent to an ideal capacitance C and a resistor R s And an inductance L s The series connection of (1);
for equivalent unipolar switching σ k Where k is a, b, c, i.e.:
then, establishing a state space equation of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier in a three-phase static coordinate system according to kirchhoff voltage and current laws:
wherein i k A k-phase input current transient; e.g. of the type k Is a k-phase input voltage transient; l is the actual inductance element; r is the loss resistance of the actual inductive element; l is s Is the equivalent inductance of the capacitor; i.e. i dc Is the current on both sides of the capacitor; r s Is the equivalent resistance of the capacitor; c is the capacitance of the capacitor; u shape dc The output voltage of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectification circuit is represented; r L Representing a load resistance;
performing Park transformation on the formula (3), and establishing a low-frequency VSR mathematical model in a dp rotation coordinate system to obtain a mathematical model under two-phase rotation coordinates (d, p):
wherein, ω is the electromotive force angular frequency; u shape d ＝σ d U dc 、U q ＝σ q U dc ；i d 、i q Is the dp component of the AC side current; e.g. of the type d 、e q Is the dp component of the AC side voltage; sigma d 、σ q As a switching function sigma k A dp component of;
taking a state variable x, a control variable M and a voltage feedforward quantity N, the state space expression of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectification circuit is as follows:
wherein the output quantity y is [ U ] dc ] T ；x＝[i d i q i dc U dc ] T ；M＝[U d U q ] T ；N＝[e d e q ] T ；C S ＝[0 0 0 1](ii) a The parameter matrix is as follows:
the eigenvalue of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectification circuit is the eigenvalue of the system matrix a, i.e. the root of equation (5):
|λI-A|＝0................................................(6)；
the four characteristic values of the circuit calculated by the formula (6) are respectively:
(2) the components in the three-phase voltage type PWM rectification circuit mainly comprise a capacitor, an inductor and a resistor, and circuit characteristic values (lambda) corresponding to each group of parameters can be calculated by setting parameters of the capacitor C, the inductor L and the resistor R of Y groups of circuit components based on the four characteristic value expressions obtained in the step (1) 1i ,λ 2i ,λ 3i ,λ 4i ) Wherein i ═ 1,2, …, Y; wherein, circuit characteristic values (lambda) of H groups of the capacitance C, the inductance L and the resistance R within the tolerance range (+ -10%) of the rated capacitance, the inductance and the resistance are obtained 1b ，λ 2b ，λ 3b ，λ 4b ) Wherein b is 1,2, …, H<Y; the upper boundary characteristic value of the variation range of the circuit characteristic value is obtained
As a circuit characteristic value fault threshold;
(3) the decomposition of the binary wavelet is completed by Matlat algorithm, and a current signal i flowing through an inductance element L in the circuit is transmitted L Current signal i of capacitor C C And a load resistor R L Current signal i R The method comprises the following steps of (1) decomposing the fault into a low-frequency part and a high-frequency part, and then summing absolute values of high-frequency decomposition coefficients to obtain a fault feature vector, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
a) for collected i L ，i C And i R Carrying out N-layer Matlat decomposition on the three current signals to obtain the high-frequency decomposition coefficients from the 1 st layer to the Mth layer, and obtaining a total N-dimensional high-frequency decomposition coefficient matrix d, wherein,
wherein M is 1,2, …, M, j is 1,2, …, N;
b) calculating the sum D of absolute values of the high-frequency decomposition coefficient sequence of each layer j Is provided with D j For the j-th layer high frequency decomposition coefficient sequence
The sum of the absolute values of (a) is then:
c) d obtained by calculating three current signals according to formula (1) jL 、D jC 、D jR Form a fault feature vector, i.e. { D 1L ,D 2L ,…,D NL }、{D 1C ,D 2C ,…,D NC }、{D 1R ,D 2R ,…,D NR }；
(4) Based on the Y group circuit characteristic value (lambda) obtained in the step (2) 1i ,λ 2i ,λ 3i ,λ 4i ) And the fault feature vector { D corresponding to each group of feature values 1L ,D 2L ,…,D NL }、{D 1C ,D 2C ,…,D NC }、{D 1R ,D 2R ,…,D NR Using the obtained fault characteristic vector as input of a neural network and the circuit characteristic value as output of the neural network as training samples, and using the trained neural network as a relation model of the circuit characteristic value and the fault characteristic vector;
(5) for the actually measured current signal i of the circuit to be measured L 、i C And i R Obtaining a fault characteristic vector by using the method in the step (3), inputting the obtained fault characteristic vector into the relation model which is established in the step (4) and relates to the circuit characteristic value and the fault characteristic vector, and outputting the model as the circuit characteristic value of the circuit to be diagnosed;
(6) comparing the circuit characteristic value of the circuit to be diagnosed obtained in the step (5) with
Comparing, when two characteristic values exceed the threshold valueAnd (3) judging the circuit to have a fault, calculating to obtain a component parameter according to the characteristic value expression in the step (1), judging a specific fault component in the circuit according to the component parameter value, and positioning a fault position, thereby realizing fault diagnosis of the circuit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a fault diagnosis method for a three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier circuit;
fig. 2 is a topology structure diagram of a three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier circuit.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a fault diagnosis method for a three-phase voltage type PWM (pulse-width modulation) rectification circuit under a complex working condition, which is not influenced by an external working condition and can accurately extract fault characteristics of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectification circuit.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
the fault diagnosis method of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectification circuit under the complex working condition comprises the following steps (1) to (6):
(1) establishing a state space expression of a voltage type three-phase PWM rectification circuit and calculating to obtain four characteristic values of the circuit, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps of:
first, the switching device in the circuit is equivalent to a unipolar switch σ k (ii) a The actual inductance element in the circuit is equivalent to the series connection of an ideal inductance L and a loss resistor R, and the actual capacitor in the circuit is equivalent to an ideal capacitance C and a resistor R s And an inductance L s The series connection of (1);
for equivalent unipolar switching σ k Wherein k is a, b, c, i.e.:
then, establishing a state space equation of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier in a three-phase static coordinate system according to kirchhoff voltage and current laws:
wherein i k A k-phase input current transient; e.g. of the type k Is a k-phase input voltage transient; l is the actual inductance element; r is the loss resistance of the actual inductive element; l is s Is the equivalent inductance of the capacitor; i all right angle dc Is the current on both sides of the capacitor; r s Is the equivalent resistance of the capacitor; c is the capacitance of the capacitor; u shape dc The output voltage of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectifying circuit is represented; r is L Representing a load resistance;
performing Park transformation on the formula (3), and establishing a low-frequency VSR mathematical model in a dp rotation coordinate system to obtain a mathematical model under two-phase rotation coordinates (d, p):
wherein, ω is the electromotive force angular frequency; u shape d ＝σ d U dc 、U q ＝σ q U dc ；i d 、i q Is the dp component of the AC side current; e.g. of the type d 、e q Is the dp component of the AC side voltage; sigma d 、σ q As a switching function sigma k A dp component of;
taking a state variable x, a control variable M and a voltage feedforward quantity N, the state space expression of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectification circuit is as follows:
wherein the output quantity y is [ U ] dc ] T ；x＝[i d i q i dc U dc ] T ；M＝[U d U q ] T ；N＝[e d e q ] T ；C S ＝[0 0 0 1](ii) a The parameter matrix is as follows:
the eigenvalue of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectification circuit is the eigenvalue of the system matrix a, i.e. the root of equation (5):
|λI-A|＝0..............................................(6)；
the four characteristic values of the circuit calculated by the formula (6) are respectively:
(2) the components in the three-phase voltage type PWM rectification circuit mainly comprise a capacitor, an inductor and a resistor, and circuit characteristic values (lambda) corresponding to each group of parameters can be calculated by setting parameters of the capacitor C, the inductor L and the resistor R of Y groups of circuit components based on the four characteristic value expressions obtained in the step (1) 1i ,λ 2i ,λ 3i ,λ 4i ) Wherein i ═ 1,2, …, Y; wherein, obtaining the circuit characteristic value (lambda) of H group of the capacitance C, the inductance L and the resistance R within the tolerance range (+ -10%) of the rated capacitance, the inductance and the resistance 1b ,λ 2b ,λ 3b ,λ 4b ) Wherein b is 1,2, …, H<Y; obtaining the upper boundary characteristic value of the variation range of the circuit characteristic value
As a circuit characteristic value fault threshold;
(3) the decomposition of the binary wavelet is completed by a Matlat algorithm, and a current signal i flowing through an inductive element L in a circuit is converted into a current signal L Current signal i of capacitor C C And a load resistor R L Current signal i R The method comprises the following steps of (1) decomposing the fault into a low-frequency part and a high-frequency part, and then summing absolute values of high-frequency decomposition coefficients to obtain a fault feature vector, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
a) for collected i L ，i C And i R Carrying out N-layer Matlat decomposition on the three current signals to obtain the high-frequency decomposition coefficients from the 1 st layer to the Mth layer, and obtaining a total N-dimensional high-frequency decomposition coefficient matrix d, wherein,
wherein M is 1,2, …, M, j is 1,2, …, N;
b) calculating the sum D of absolute values of the high-frequency decomposition coefficient sequence of each layer j Is provided with D j For the j-th layer high frequency decomposition coefficient sequence
The sum of the absolute values of (a) is then:
c) d obtained by calculating three current signals according to formula (1) jL 、D jC 、D jR A fault feature vector is formed which is,
i.e. { D 1L ,D 2L ,…,D NL }、{D 1C ,D 2C ,…,D NC }、{D 1R ，D 2R ,…,D NR }；
(4) Based on the Y group circuit characteristic value (lambda) obtained in the step (2) 1i ,λ 2i ,λ 3i ,λ 4i ) And the fault feature vector { D corresponding to each group of feature values 1L ,D 2L ,…,D NL }、{D 1C ,D 2C ,…,D NC }、{D 1R ,D 2R ,…,D NR Using the obtained fault characteristic vector as an input of a neural network and a circuit characteristic value as an output, training the neural network, and using the trained neural network as a relation model of the circuit characteristic value and the fault characteristic vector;
(5) for the actually measured current signal i of the circuit to be measured L 、i C And i R Obtaining a fault characteristic vector by using the method in the step (3), inputting the obtained fault characteristic vector into the relation model which is established in the step (4) and relates to the circuit characteristic value and the fault characteristic vector, and outputting the model to be diagnosed for power failureA circuit characteristic value of the way;
(6) comparing the circuit characteristic value of the circuit to be diagnosed obtained in the step (5) with
And (3) comparing, judging that the circuit has a fault when two characteristic values exceed a threshold value, calculating to obtain a component parameter according to the characteristic value expression in the step (1), judging a specific fault component in the circuit according to the component parameter value, and positioning a fault position, thereby realizing fault diagnosis of the circuit.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the technical idea of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea of the present invention fall within the protective scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The fault diagnosis method of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectification circuit under the complex working condition is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) establishing a state space expression of the voltage type three-phase PWM rectification circuit and calculating to obtain four characteristic values of the circuit, wherein the four characteristic values of the circuit are
(2) The components in the three-phase voltage type PWM rectification circuit mainly comprise a capacitor, an inductor and a resistor, and circuit characteristic values (lambda) corresponding to each group of parameters can be calculated by setting parameters of the capacitor C, the inductor L and the resistor R of Y groups of circuit components based on the four characteristic value expressions obtained in the step (1) 1i ，λ 2i ，λ 3i ，λ 4i ) Wherein i ═ 1,2, …, Y; wherein, obtaining the circuit characteristic value (lambda) of the group H of the capacitor C, the inductor L and the resistor R within the tolerance range of +/-10% of the rated capacitance, the inductor and the resistor 1b ，λ 2b ，λ 3b ，λ 4b ) Wherein b is 1,2, …, H<Y; the upper boundary characteristic value of the variation range of the circuit characteristic value is obtained
As a circuit characteristic value fault threshold;
(3) the decomposition of the binary wavelet is completed by a Matlat algorithm, and a current signal i flowing through an inductive element L in a circuit is converted into a current signal L Current signal i of capacitor C C And a load resistor R L Current signal i R The method comprises the following steps of (1) decomposing the fault into a low-frequency part and a high-frequency part, and then summing absolute values of high-frequency decomposition coefficients to obtain a fault feature vector, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
a) for collected i L ，i C And i R The three current signals are subjected to N-layer Matlat decomposition, so that the high-frequency decomposition coefficients from the 1 st layer to the Mth layer can be obtained, and a total N-dimensional high-frequency decomposition coefficient matrix d is obtained, wherein,
wherein M is 1,2, …, M, j is 1,2, …, N;
b) calculating the sum D of absolute values of the high-frequency decomposition coefficient sequence of each layer j Is provided with D j For the j-th layer high frequency decomposition coefficient sequence
The sum of the absolute values of (a) is then:
c) d obtained by calculating three current signals according to formula (1) jL 、D jC 、D jR Form a fault feature vector, i.e. { D 1L ，D 2L ，…，D NL }、{D 1C ，D 2C ，…，D NC }、{D 1R ，D 2R ，…，D NR }；
(4) Based on the Y group circuit characteristic value (lambda) obtained in the step (2) 1i ，λ 2i ，λ 3i ，λ 4i ) And the fault feature vector { D corresponding to each group of feature values 1L ，D 2L ，…，D NL }、{D 1C ，D 2C ，…，D NC }、{D 1R ，D 2R ，…，D NR Using the obtained fault characteristic vector as input of a neural network and the circuit characteristic value as output of the neural network as training samples, and using the trained neural network as a relation model of the circuit characteristic value and the fault characteristic vector;
(5) for the actually measured current signal i of the circuit to be measured L 、i C And i R Obtaining a fault characteristic vector by using the method in the step (3), inputting the obtained fault characteristic vector into the relation model which is established in the step (4) and relates to the circuit characteristic value and the fault characteristic vector, and outputting the model as the circuit characteristic value of the circuit to be diagnosed;
(6) comparing the circuit characteristic value of the circuit to be diagnosed obtained in the step (5) with
And (3) comparing, judging that the circuit has a fault when two characteristic values exceed a threshold value, calculating to obtain a component parameter according to the characteristic value expression in the step (1), judging a specific fault component in the circuit according to the component parameter value, and positioning a fault position, thereby realizing fault diagnosis of the circuit.
2. The method for diagnosing the fault of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectifying circuit under the complex working condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for solving the characteristic value in the step (1) is specifically as follows:
firstly, the switching device in the circuit is equivalent to a unipolar switch σ k (ii) a The actual inductance element in the circuit is equivalent to the series connection of an ideal inductance L and a loss resistor R, and the actual capacitor in the circuit is equivalent to an ideal capacitance C and a resistor R s And an inductance L s The series connection of (1);
for equivalent unipolar switching σ k Where k is a, b, c, i.e.:
then, establishing a state space equation of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier in a three-phase static coordinate system according to kirchhoff voltage and current laws:
wherein i k A k-phase input current transient; e.g. of the type k Is a k-phase input voltage transient; l is the actual inductance element; r is the loss resistance of the actual inductive element; l is s Is the equivalent inductance of the capacitor; i.e. i dc Is the current on both sides of the capacitor; r s Is the equivalent resistance of the capacitor; c is the capacitance of the capacitor; u shape dc The output voltage of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectifying circuit is represented; r is L Representing a load resistance;
performing Park transformation on the formula (3), and establishing a low-frequency VSR mathematical model in a dp rotation coordinate system to obtain a mathematical model under two-phase rotation coordinates (d, p):
wherein, ω is the electromotive force angular frequency; u shape d ＝σ d U dc 、U q ＝σ q U dc ；i d 、i q Is the dp component of the AC side current; e.g. of the type d 、e q Is the dp component of the AC side voltage; sigma d 、σ q As a switching function σ k A dp component of;
taking a state variable x, a control variable M and a voltage feedforward quantity N, the state space expression of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectification circuit is as follows:
wherein the output quantity y is [ U ] dc ] T ；x＝[i d i q i dc U dc ] T ；M＝[U d U q ] T ；N＝[e d e q ] T ；C s ＝[0 0 0 1](ii) a The parameter matrix is as follows:
the eigenvalue of the three-phase voltage type PWM rectification circuit is the eigenvalue of the system matrix a, i.e. the root of equation (5):
|λI-A|＝0..............................................(6)；
the four characteristic values of the circuit are calculated by equation (6).
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