CN111398130B - Analysis method, measurement device and method for permeability of lump coal with multi-dimensional data sources - Google Patents

Analysis method, measurement device and method for permeability of lump coal with multi-dimensional data sources Download PDF

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CN111398130B
CN111398130B CN202010361675.4A CN202010361675A CN111398130B CN 111398130 B CN111398130 B CN 111398130B CN 202010361675 A CN202010361675 A CN 202010361675A CN 111398130 B CN111398130 B CN 111398130B
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coal
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permeability
temperature
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CN111398130A (en
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王毅
王骏辉
顾吉胜
万志军
赵耀江
顾舒宁
张洪伟
姚彦军
王阳
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N20/00—Machine learning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N2015/0866—Sorption

Abstract

The invention discloses a block coal permeability analysis method for a multi-dimensional data source. The device comprises an adsorption desorption system, an electro-hydraulic servo triaxial seepage test device, an air source system, a vacuumizing system, a gas collecting device and the like, can measure deformation and is used for analyzing the change rule of permeability, establishing the relation between drilling parameters and mechanical properties, using the relation as a permeability prediction sample, researching the desorption rule of gas-containing coal under the high-temperature coupling of a constant temperature environment and a sample middle line, and finally obtaining the data of permeability influence factors of the lump coal under the laboratory condition, thereby accurately analyzing and measuring the permeability of the lump coal.

Description

Method for analyzing permeability of lump coal from multi-dimensional data source, measuring device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lump coal permeability analysis method, a measuring device and a measuring method, in particular to a lump coal permeability analysis method, a measuring device and a measuring method with multi-dimensional data sources, and belongs to the field of mineral engineering.
Background
The permeability is a key parameter of coal bed gas extraction design, and the initial state, migration and yield of the coal bed gas are determined by the time-space variation of the permeability. The scholars conduct extensive research on the influence factors of permeability, including crustal stress, gas content, gas pressure, geothermal temperature, coal mechanical properties and the like, and the research results deepen the understanding of people on the evolution of permeability. A permeability prediction method under the background of permeability evolution is a research hotspot, and the permeability prediction method based on theory and numerical calculation is becoming mature for decades. In recent years, machine learning based on large data multidimensional analysis is beginning to be applied to the field of permeability prediction, and learners focus on improvement of algorithms such as a BP neural network, a particle swarm, a random forest, an artificial bee colony and the like so as to fully exert the nonlinear learning capability and the rapid solving capability of the algorithms in prediction.
Although machine learning has a broad prospect in the aspect of coal seam permeability prediction, the practical development is slow, and there are two main reasons: (1) the informatization degree of the mine is lower than that of other industries, and the industries lack the mature experience of mine database construction. Data such as ground stress data, gas basic parameters, while-drilling parameters, geothermal parameters and the like cannot be effectively integrated into a database, so that the quantity of data for training is small; (2) therefore, data of the existing permeability prediction literature are almost based on permeability evolution experiments, and although the data volume meets the requirements, the data dimension is small, so that a model established based on a small sample has a large error with the field. The data source required by the coal bed permeability prediction is mainly based on laboratory data, but the dimensionality of the data is wide and the field factor is fully considered. In addition, the existing related equipment at home and abroad has single function, is difficult to meet the acquisition of multidimensional data and lacks the connection with the field, and a set of block coal permeability measuring device with multidimensional data sources needs to be researched and developed and a related measuring method is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method, a device and a method for analyzing the permeability of lump coal from a multi-dimensional data source so as to improve the accuracy of measuring and analyzing the permeability of the lump coal.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a lump coal permeability analysis method of a multi-dimensional data source, comprising the following steps:
s1, establishing the following permeability model by utilizing a permeability change relation of a Kozeny-Garman equation and without considering the influence of an acoustic field and an electromagnetic field on the permeability:
Figure BDA0002475209790000021
in the formula (1), K is the permeability, K 0 Is the initial permeability of the coal sample, e is the volume strain, ε, of the coal sample p Is the adsorption expansion strain of the coal sample, beta delta T is the thermal stress deformation term, K Y Δ P is a gas pressure deformation term,
Figure BDA0002475209790000022
the initial porosity is phi, and the water content of the coal sample is phi;
s2, classifying factors influencing the target value permeability K into three categories, (1) the initial permeability item X of the coal 1 Including water content X 11 Temperature X 12 Pore-fissure development X 13 Degree of deterioration X of coal 14 Gas pressure X 15 (ii) a (2) Stress variation term X 2 Including ground stress deformation X 21 Gas pressure deformation X 22 Thermal stress deformation X 23 And deformation by adsorption expansion force X 24 (ii) a (3) Loading conditional item X 3 Including a load path X 31 Load rate X 32 (ii) a The data sample form of the permeability prediction based on the multidimensional data source is:
K＝f(X 11 ,X 12 ,X 13 ,X 14 ,X 15 ,X 21 ,X 22 ,X 23 ,X 24 ,X 31 ,X 32 ), (2)
in the formula (2), X is a training value classification, and a function f represents a machine learning algorithm;
s3, considering parameter X while drilling in the digital drilling process 41 With rock mechanics X 4 The parameters have close correlation and adopt the parameter X while drilling 41 Characterization of pore-fracture development of coal X 13 (ii) a Degree of deterioration X of coal 14 With coal seam gas content X 5 Related relation, coal bed gas content X 5 Can be measured by measuring the lost gas quantity X 51 In situ desorption of gas X 52 And residual gas amount X 53 Obtaining; it can be derived from equation (2):
K＝f(X 11 ,X 12 ,X 15 ,X 21 ,X 22 ,X 23 ,X 24 ,X 31 ,X 32 ,X 41 ,X 51 ,X 52 ,X 53 ) (3)；
and S4, calculating the value of the permeability K by using a formula (3) in a machine learning mode.
The invention also discloses a device for measuring the block coal permeability of the multi-dimensional data source, which comprises the following components:
the system comprises an adsorption and desorption system, an electro-hydraulic servo triaxial seepage test device, an air source system, a vacuum pumping system, a gas collecting device, a hydraulic pump station and a data acquisition control system, wherein the adsorption and desorption system is used for measuring the gas content of lump coal, measuring parameters while drilling and measuring adsorption expansion deformation, the electro-hydraulic servo triaxial seepage test device is used for measuring the permeability and related deformation of the lump coal under the condition of various factors X;
the adsorption and desorption system is arranged in the high-low temperature test box and comprises an adsorption tank for adsorbing and desorbing lump coal and a reference tank which has the same size as the adsorption tank and is used for balancing pressure;
the absorption tank is internally provided with a lump coal fixing part and a strain gauge for measuring the deformation of the lump coal, a temperature measuring drill rod which can vertically move and is hollow inside is vertically and rotatably fixed inside the absorption tank, the temperature measuring drill rod is positioned above the lump coal fixing part, and the bottom of the temperature measuring drill rod is provided with a replaceable cutting drill bit; a propelling device with a thrust monitoring function is arranged above the adsorption tank, and is connected with a temperature measuring drill rod in the adsorption tank through a hollow connecting rod through a plane bearing, and the connecting rod is in sealing fit with the top of the adsorption tank; the inner permanent magnet of the magnetic coupling is sleeved on the temperature measuring drill rod in a matching way through a flat key, the outer part of the adsorption tank is provided with an outer permanent magnet of the magnetic coupling which is matched with the inner permanent magnet of the magnetic coupling and can move up and down, and a power device which provides rotary power for the outer permanent magnet of the magnetic coupling and has the function of monitoring the torque is connected with the outer permanent magnet of the magnetic coupling in a rolling way; the power device, the outer permanent magnet of the magnetic coupling and the connecting rod synchronously move up and down; the cutting drill bit is hollow, a temperature sensor is arranged in the cutting drill bit, the cutting drill bit is led out to the outside of the adsorption tank through the inner space of the temperature measuring drill rod and the inner space of the connecting rod, and the outlet of the inner space in the connecting rod is sealed;
the reference tank and the adsorption tank are respectively communicated with the main gas path through gas distribution paths, the gas distribution paths close to the gas inlet and outlet holes of the reference tank and the adsorption tank are respectively provided with an electromagnetic valve, a pressure sensor and a digital display meter, and the main gas path is communicated with a gas source system, a vacuum pumping system and a gas collecting device.
Furthermore, the upper part of the temperature measuring drill rod protrudes along the circumferential direction to form an annular convex body, and the permanent magnet in the magnetic coupling is annular and is sleeved on the convex body in a matched manner through the flat key; the adsorption tank inner wall is inwards raised to form a fixing part with a through hole in the middle, the fixing part is located below the convex body, the through hole is provided with an internal spline A, an external spline A with a mounting hole is installed in the internal spline A in a matched mode, the lower portion of the temperature measurement drill rod penetrates through the mounting hole and is fixed in the mounting hole through a rotating bearing A.
Preferably, the rotating bearings A are two and arranged up and down.
Preferably, the outer permanent magnet of the magnetic coupling is fixedly annular, and the inner ring of the outer permanent magnet is fixedly matched with the outer ring of the rotating bearing B; the inner ring of the rotating bearing B is matched with the outer ring of the inner spline B, the outer spline B matched with the inner spline B is sleeved on the outer wall of the adsorption tank, and the length of the inner spline B is matched with the up-down stroke of the temperature measuring drill rod.
Preferably, the reference tank comprises a tank body A with an opening arranged above, and a container plug A matched with the opening and used for plugging the tank body, wherein an upward bulge part A is arranged in the middle of the container plug A, a through hole A matched with the bulge part A is arranged in the middle of the container cap A, the edge of the container cap A bulges downwards and is matched with the outer wall of the opening of the tank body A through threads, and a rubber O-shaped ring used for sealing is arranged between the tank body A and the container plug A; the adsorption tank comprises a tank body B with an opening arranged above and a container plug B matched with the opening and used for plugging the tank body, a rubber O-shaped ring used for sealing is arranged between the container plug B and the tank body B, an upward bulge part B is arranged in the middle of the container plug B, a through hole used for installing the connecting rod is arranged in the middle of the bulge part B, a through hole B matched with the bulge part B is arranged in the middle of the container cap B, the edge of the container cap B bulges downwards and is matched with the outer wall of the opening of the tank body B through threads; and a high-elasticity energy storage sealing ring for sealing is arranged between the bulge part B and the connecting rod.
Preferably, the propulsion device comprises: the servo control system comprises a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic telescopic rod matched with the telescopic hydraulic cylinder and a fixing frame for fixing the telescopic hydraulic cylinder, wherein a pressure sensor is arranged between the hydraulic telescopic rod and the connecting rod.
Furthermore, the power device comprises a rotary driving motor, the rotary driving motor drives the outer permanent magnet of the magnetic coupling to rotate through a synchronous belt, and the rotary driving motor is connected with a torque sensor; the driving motor and the internal spline B are fixedly connected with the connecting rod through a fixing rod.
Further, the gas source system comprises a gas cylinder containing high-purity methane with the concentration of 99.999% and the pressure of 20MPa, a pressure reducing valve is arranged on the gas cylinder and connected to the main gas path through a gas path A, and the gas path A is connected with a pressure sensor, a mechanical pressure gauge and a manual valve in series.
Furthermore, the vacuum pumping system comprises a vacuum pipe system, a vacuum gauge pipe communicated with the vacuum pipe system, a composite vacuum pipe communicated with the vacuum gauge pipe, and a vacuum pump communicated with the vacuum pipe system, wherein the vacuum pipe system is communicated with the main air path through an air path B.
Further, the gas collecting device includes a flow meter for measuring a gas flow rate and a measuring cylinder for collecting gas by a drainage method.
Furthermore, the hydraulic pump station adopts a double-path 5min/L servo oil source and comprises a high-pressure oil pump set, a valve group, a pipeline, an oil tank, a cooler and an electric control unit.
Preferably, the electro-hydraulic servo triaxial seepage test device is a WYS-800 microcomputer control electro-hydraulic servo triaxial gas seepage test device, and comprises a host machine for carrying out triaxial seepage tests, a gas circuit control system for controlling a gas circuit, a hydraulic system for controlling hydraulic pressure in the host machine, and a computer control system for controlling the host machine, the gas circuit control system and the hydraulic system;
the main machine comprises a loading frame and a triaxial compression chamber; the loading frame is rotated by a lead screw to move up and down to realize loading, the main machine is communicated with the main air path through a solenoid valve A, the main air path at the input side of the solenoid valve A is communicated with a constant-temperature oil bath system, a gas buffer tank for buffering gas in the main air path is arranged in the constant-temperature oil bath, the gas buffer tank is arranged in a thermostat filled with constant-temperature oil liquid, and a circulating pump, an electric heater, a temperature controller for controlling the electric heater and a temperature sensor A for measuring the temperature of the constant-temperature oil liquid are arranged in the thermostat; a temperature sensor B is arranged in a triaxial chamber in the main machine and is electrically connected with the temperature controller.
The invention also discloses a measuring method of the block coal permeability of the multi-dimensional data source, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a data sample form based on permeability prediction of a multidimensional data source:
K＝f(X 11 ,X 12 ,X 15 ,X 21 ,X 22 ,X 23 ,X 24 ,X 31 ,X 32 ,X 41 ,X 51 ,X 52 ,X 53 )
wherein: k is the permeability, X 11 ,X 12 ,X 21 ,X 22 ,X 23 ,X 24 ,X 31 ,X 32 ,X 41 ,X 51 ,X 52 ,X 53 For training values, respectively: x 11 Is a water content X 11 、X 12 Is temperature or ground temperature, X 15 Is gas pressure, X 21 Is ground stress deformation, X 22 Is deformation under gas pressure, X 23 Is heat stress deformation, X 24 To absorb expansive force deformation, X 31 Is a load path, X 32 For the loading rate, X 41 As drilling parameters, X 51 Amount of lost gas, X, of coal 52 For in situ desorption of gas quantity, X 53 The residual gas amount is;
(2) In-situ water content measurement by sampling 11 Earth temperature X 12 Gas pressure X 15 In situ desorption of gas X 52 The drill bit rotating speed and the drill bit thrust during coring on site are sampled and processed into 50mm x 100mm lump coal and phi 50mm x 100mm cylindrical coal samples;
(3) The block coal absorption expansion force deformation X under different temperatures and pressures is measured by the block coal permeability measuring device with the multi-dimensional data source 24 Loss of gas X 51 Residual gas amount X 53 Parameter X while drilling 41 ；
(4) The measuring device of the block coal permeability from the multi-dimensional data source is utilized to measure the crustal stress deformation X of the cylindrical coal sample 21 Gas pressure deformation X 22 Thermal stress deformation X 23 Mechanical strength of coal sample and loading path X 31 Loading rate X 32 And steady state gas flow Q under the above X factor conditions;
(5) Sampling at different positions in the same well field, and repeating the steps (2) to (4) to obtain a plurality of groups of permeability samples under different conditions; and collecting enough samples, training partial data through an improved machine learning related algorithm, verifying the rationality of the algorithm by the rest data, finding the optimal algorithm and determining the functional relation of K = f (X).
Further, step (2) includes:
(2-1) determining the water content X of the sampled coal bed by adopting a drying method 11 (ii) a Continuously monitoring and recording ground temperature data X in temperature measurement drill hole by adopting high ground temperature mine ground temperature test system 12 (ii) a Measuring coal bed gas pressure X according to the provisions of national standard AQ/T1047-2007 15 ；
(2-2) ensuring that the underground drilling machine rotates at a constant speed w 1 Constant thrust F 1 Coring in a drilling hole, and determining the influence radius of the drilling hole as L according to the existing drilling hole seepage model 1 Determining the geometric similarity ratio as C 1 ＝r 1 /L 1 (ii) a Wherein r is 1 The radius of the drill rod is;
(2-3) filling the coal sample A taken out by drilling on the spot into a coal sample tank for sealing, and testing the natural desorption gas quantity X for 2h on the spot 52 And converting the standard volume of the process;
and (2-4) wrapping the residual coal sample by using a preservative film, and then bringing the wrapped residual coal sample back to a laboratory to process the coal sample into lump coal and cylindrical coal samples.
Further, in the step (3), the method comprises the following steps:
(3-1) measurement of residual gas content X by degassing 53 ；
(3-2) simulation of gas content X lost in core drilling 51 ：
a. Determining the diameter of a cutting bit of the temperature measuring drill rod; the equivalent radius of the coal sample is L 2 The radius of the cutting part of the drill bit should be r 2 ＝C 1 *L 2 ；
b. According to a geometric similarity constant C 1 Determining a motion similarity constant C 2 Then according to the field rotation speed w 1 Determining the rotational speed w of a rotating electrical machine connected to a magnetic coupling 2 (ii) a According to a geometric similarity constant C 1 And a motion similarity constant C 2 Determination of dynamic similarity constant C 3 Then according to the thrust F in situ 1 Determining the thrust F of a telescopic hydraulic cylinder of a servo control system 2 ；
c. Calibrating the dead space volumes of the reference tank and the adsorption and desorption tank by using helium, and calibrating the dead space volumes of the cutting drill bit under different drilling distances;
d. mounting the coal sample on a lump coal fixing piece in an adsorption tank to finish the mounting of a temperature measuring drill rod and a cutting drill bit; temperature and ground temperature X of high-low temperature test chamber 12 The consistency is achieved;
e. vacuumizing and degassing the adsorption and desorption system through a vacuumizing system;
f. determination of lost gas content X 51 ：
Determination of gas pressure X 15 Lump coal gas adsorption n under the condition 0 (ii) a After the adsorption is balanced, the cutting bit is rotated at a constant speed w 2 Constant thrust F 2 Drilling, real-time measuringDetermining the tip temperature T of the cutting bit and the torque M (X) of the cutting bit 41 ) And measuring the desorption amount n of the lump coal gas after drilling 1 ；
Subjecting the coal sample to adsorption and desorption test under the same conditions without drilling step, wherein the desorption amount n of lump coal gas 2 Difference n due to frictional high temperature generated during drilling process promoting gas desorption 1 -n 2 The loss of gas content in the experiment is determined;
the actual coal seam loss gas content X 51 ＝(n 1 -n 2 ) Similarity ratio;
(3-3) attaching a strain gauge on the coal sample, and measuring the adsorption expansion force deformation X of the lump coal at different temperatures and gas pressures 24 。
Further, in the step (4), the method comprises the following steps:
(4-1) uniaxial or triaxial failure test is carried out on the coal sample, and the peak strength is sigma max Establishing a relation between mechanical properties and parameters while drilling to characterize pore fracture development X 13 I.e. X 4 ＝σ max ＝g(w 2 ,F 2 ,M)＝g(X 41 ) Determining the function g (X) for a series of tests on different coals 41 )；
(4-2) measuring the ground stress deformation X of the coal sample only by loading force, not adding gas and not heating 21 (ii) a Heating without loading force, measuring thermal stress deformation X of coal sample 23 ；
(4-3) installing the coal sample in a triaxial compression chamber, setting the temperature X 12 And gas pressure X 15 In line with the site, with a certain loading path X 31 And a loading rate X 32 Loading to preset confining pressure and axial pressure, fully adsorbing and desorbing for 12h to reach an equilibrium state, wherein the volume strain at the moment is e, and the gas pressure is deformed into X 22 ＝e-X 24 -X 21 -X 23 (the symbol here does not indicate the direction of deformation), a steady-state gas flow rate is measured by a flow meter or a water and gas collecting measuring cylinder as Q, and assuming that the gas seepage conforms to darcy's law, the permeability is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002475209790000071
wherein K is the permeability of the coal sample, 10 -3 μm 2 (ii) a Q is the gas flow at the outlet of the triaxial compression chamber in cm 3 /s；P a Is atmospheric pressure, 0.1MPa; mu is the dynamic viscosity coefficient of the gas, pa · s; l is the length of the deformed coal sample, cm; a is the area of the coal sample after deformation, cm 2 ；P 1 Inlet gas pressure, pa; p is 2 The outlet gas pressure was 101325Pa.
According to the block coal permeability analysis method with the multi-dimensional data source, provided by the invention, the influence factors related to permeability can be identified, so that the data dimension required by sufficient permeability prediction is provided. The permeability prediction given hereby has the data sample form K = f (X) 11 ,X 12 ,X 15 ,X 21 ,X 22 ,X 23 ,X 24 ,X 31 ,X 32 ,X 41 ,X 51 ,X 52 ,X 53 ) And in the sample, all the influence factors can be measured or tested on site to obtain data.
The device for measuring the block coal permeability of the multi-dimensional data source can measure data aiming at the data which cannot be directly measured on site in the proposed method for analyzing the block coal permeability of the multi-dimensional data source. The device can be used for researching the desorption rule of coal containing gas under the high-temperature coupling of a ground temperature environment and a middle line of the sample, and is used for quantitatively analyzing the relation between drilling parameters and gas loss after the raw coal is balanced under a certain gas pressure. Meanwhile, the designed temperature measuring drill rod and the designed cutting drill bit can monitor the temperature change of the drill bit in the drilling process in real time under the sealing condition; the air tightness requirement of the desorption tank is ensured by utilizing a non-contact transmission principle of magnetic transmission and a high-elastic sealing ring; through the design of separating the propelling device from the temperature measuring drill rod, the high-speed rotating motion and the linear reciprocating motion are separated, the problem of air tightness after desorption and drilling are combined is solved, and data such as thrust, rotating speed, torque, gas desorption amount, drilling temperature and the like in the process are monitored in real time.
The invention also provides a measuring method of the permeability of the lump coal with the multi-dimensional data source, which utilizes the measuring device of the permeability of the lump coal with the multi-dimensional data source to observe and measure data and can pertinently meet the requirement of multi-dimensional data extraction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a logic analysis diagram of a block coal permeability analysis method for a multi-dimensional data source according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a block coal permeability measuring device of a multi-dimensional data source according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of an adsorption/desorption system in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of region D of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the temperature measuring drill rod of the present invention;
in the figure:
1. the gas source system comprises gas source systems 1, 11, a gas cylinder, 12, a pressure reducing valve and 13, a gas circuit A;
2. a vacuum pumping system, 21 vacuum pipe systems, 22 vacuum gauge pipes, 23 composite vacuum pipes, 24 vacuum pumps, 25 gas circuits B;
3. the absorption and desorption system comprises a 31-absorption tank, 311-tank body B, 3111-fixing part, 312-container plug B, 313-container cap B, 314-temperature measuring drill rod, 3141-cutting drill bit, 3142-convex body, 3143-magnetic coupling inner permanent magnet, 3144-inner spline A, 3145-outer spline A, 3146-rotary bearing A, 315-propelling device, 3151-telescopic hydraulic cylinder, 3152-hydraulic telescopic rod, 3153-pressure sensor, 3154-connecting rod, 316-lump coal, 3161-lump coal fixing part, 3162-strain sheet, 317-fixing rod, 3181-magnetic coupling outer permanent magnet, 3182-rotary bearing B, 3183-inner spline B, 3184-outer spline B, 3185-rotary driving motor, 3186-torque sensor, 3187-synchronous belt, 319-plane bearing; 32. reference tank 321, tank body A,322, container plug A,323, container cap A,33, high and low temperature test box;
4. gas collecting device, 41, graduated cylinder;
5. the test device comprises an electro-hydraulic servo three-shaft seepage test device, a main machine 51, a loading frame 511, a three-shaft compression chamber 512, a lead screw 513, a constant-temperature oil bath system 52, a constant-temperature box 521, a gas buffer tank 522, a temperature controller 523, a circulating pump 524 and an electric heater 525;
6. a hydraulic pump station;
7. a data acquisition control system;
8. and a main gas path.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The logic of the method is shown in fig. 1, firstly a permeability model formula (1) is established, then influence factors in the permeability model formula (1) are extracted, so that influence factor data are collected from multiple dimensions, and then an optimal algorithm is found and a functional relation of K = f (X) is determined through modes such as machine learning. The analysis method comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing the following permeability model by utilizing a permeability change relation of a Kozeny-Garman equation along with the porosity without considering the influence of an acoustic field and an electromagnetic field on the permeability:
Figure BDA0002475209790000091
in the formula (1), K is the permeability, K 0 Is the initial permeability of the coal sample, e is the volume strain, ε, of the coal sample p Is the adsorption expansion strain of coal sample, beta delta T is the thermal stress deformation term, K Y Δ P is a gas pressure deformation term,
Figure BDA0002475209790000092
the initial porosity is phi, and the water content of the coal sample is phi;
s2, classifying factors influencing the target value permeability K into three categories, (1) the initial permeability item X of the coal 1 Including water content X 11 Temperature or earth temperature X 12 Pore-fissure development X 13 Degree of deterioration X of coal 14 Gas pressure X 15 (ii) a (2) Stress variation term X 2 Including ground stress deformation X 21 Gas pressure deformation X 22 Thermal stress deformation X 23 And deformation by adsorption expansion force X 24 (ii) a The ground stress deformation can be simulated by changing confining pressure or axial pressure; (3) loading conditional item X 3 Including a load path X 31 Load rate X 32 (ii) a The data sample form for permeability prediction based on multidimensional data sources is:
K＝f(X 11 ,X 12 ,X 13 ,X 14 ,X 15 ,X 21 ,X 22 ,X 23 ,X 24 ,X 31 ,X 32 ) (2)
x in the formula (2) is a training value classification, and a function f represents a machine learning algorithm; the MABC + SVM algorithm, the APSO + WLS-SVM algorithm, the LVQ + CPSO + BP algorithm, or other improved algorithms may be employed.
S3, considering parameter X while drilling in the digital drilling process 41 With rock mechanics X 4 The parameters have close correlation and adopt the parameter X while drilling 41 Characterization of pore-fracture development of coal X 13 (ii) a Degree of deterioration X of coal 14 With coal seam gas content X 5 The coal bed gas content X has a correlation 5 Can be measured by measuring the loss gas X 51 On-site desorption of gas quantity X 52 And residual gas amount X 53 Obtaining; it can be deduced from equation (2):
K＝f(X 11 ,X 12 ,X 15 ,X 21 ,X 22 ,X 23 ,X 24 ,X 31 ,X 32 ,X 41 ,X 51 ,X 52 ,X 53 ) (3)。
and S4, calculating the value of the permeability K by using a formula (3) in a machine learning mode.
The formula (3) established by the method defines the influence factor related to the permeability, and the method is utilized to collect the data related to the influence factor so as to accurately measure the permeability value.
The invention also discloses a device for measuring the block coal permeability of a multi-dimensional data source, which comprises the following components as shown in figure 2:
the device comprises an adsorption and desorption system 3 for measuring the content of 316 gas of lump coal, measurement parameters while drilling and adsorption expansion deformation, an electro-hydraulic servo triaxial seepage test device 5 for measuring the permeability and related deformation of the lump coal under the condition of various factors X, an air source system 1 for supplying air to the adsorption and desorption system 3 and the electro-hydraulic servo triaxial seepage test device 5, a vacuumizing system 2 for exhausting air to the adsorption and desorption system 3 and the electro-hydraulic servo triaxial seepage test device 5, an air collecting device 4 for collecting air generated in the adsorption and desorption system 3 and the electro-hydraulic servo triaxial seepage test device 5, a hydraulic pump station 6 for supplying pressure to the gas adsorption and desorption device and the triaxial seepage device, and a data acquisition control system 7 for controlling the devices and acquiring the generated data, wherein the data acquisition control system 7 comprises a computer, a printer, data, a PLC (programmable logic controller), software and the like.
The adsorption-desorption system 3 is disposed in the high-low temperature test chamber 33, and includes an adsorption tank 31 for adsorbing and desorbing lump coal 316, a reference tank 32 for equalizing pressure having the same size as the adsorption tank 31; when the test is carried out, the reference tank 32 is filled with gas with set pressure, and then the reference tank 32 and the adsorption tank 31 are communicated until the pressure is balanced. The high-low temperature test chamber 33 can provide different temperature ranges required by test environments: the temperatures between-40 ℃ and 180 ℃ allow the tests to be carried out at different temperatures.
The absorption tank 31 is internally provided with a lump coal fixing member 3161 and a strain gauge 3162 for measuring the deformation of the lump coal 316, the lump coal fixing member 3161 is used for fixing the lump coal 316 for the test, and the strain gauge 3162 is attached to the lump coal 316 and used for measuring the deformation of the lump coal 316 in the test process.
A temperature measuring drill rod 314 which can vertically move and is hollow inside is vertically and rotatably fixed inside the adsorption tank 31, the temperature measuring drill rod 314 is positioned above the lump coal fixing piece 3161, and the bottom of the temperature measuring drill rod 314 is provided with a replaceable cutting drill bit 3141; a propelling device 315 with a thrust monitoring function is arranged above the adsorption tank 31, and is connected with a temperature measuring drill rod 314 in the adsorption tank 31 through a hollow connecting rod 3154 and a plane bearing 319, and the connecting rod 3154 is in sealing fit with the top of the adsorption tank 31; the pusher 315 may push the thermo drill rod 314 downward, causing the cutting bit 3141 to enter the lump coal 316.
In order to ensure the sealing performance of the adsorption tank 31, a non-contact magnetic coupling matching mode is adopted to drive the temperature measuring drill rod 314 to rotate. As shown in fig. 3, the structure specifically includes: the inner permanent magnet 3143 of the magnetic coupling is sleeved on the temperature measuring drill rod 314 in a matching way through a flat key, the outer part of the adsorption tank 31 is provided with an outer permanent magnet 3181 of the magnetic coupling which is matched with the inner permanent magnet 3143 of the magnetic coupling and can move up and down, and a power device which provides rotary power for the outer permanent magnet 3181 of the magnetic coupling and has the function of monitoring the torque is connected with the outer permanent magnet 3181 of the magnetic coupling in a rolling way; the power device drives the outer permanent magnet 3181 of the magnetic coupling to rotate, and the outer permanent magnet 3181 of the magnetic coupling drives the inner permanent magnet 3143 of the magnetic coupling to synchronously rotate through mutual magnetic force, so that the temperature measuring drill rod 314 can be driven to rotate. The power device, the outer permanent magnet 3181 of the magnetic coupling and the connecting rod 3154 can synchronously move up and down through a connecting mechanism.
As shown in fig. 2 to 5, as a further solution of the temperature measuring drill rod 314, the upper part of the temperature measuring drill rod 314 protrudes along the circumferential direction to form an annular convex body 3142, and the permanent magnet 3143 in the magnetic coupling is annular and is sleeved on the convex body 3142 in a flat key fit manner; therefore, the permanent magnet 3143 in the magnetic coupling can be ensured to be as close to the inner wall of the canister 31 as possible, and the permanent magnet 3143 in the magnetic coupling and the inner and outer magnets in the magnetic coupling can be well matched.
In order to ensure that the temperature measuring drill rod 314 has good stability in the high-speed rotation process, the inner wall of the adsorption tank 31 is inwards protruded to form a fixing part 3111 with a through hole in the middle, the fixing part 3111 is positioned below the convex body 3142, an internal spline A3144 is installed at the through hole, an external spline A3145 with an installation hole is installed in the internal spline A3144 in a matching mode, and the lower part of the temperature measuring drill rod 314 penetrates through the installation hole and is fixed in the installation hole through a rotating bearing A3146. By means of mutual matching of the internal spline A3144 and the external spline A3145, the temperature measuring drill rod 314 can stably move downwards under the action of the propelling mechanism in the rotating process so as to cut lump coal 316. Preferably, the rotating bearings A3146 are arranged up and down, so that the temperature measuring drill rod 314 is more stable.
The cutting bit 3141 is also hollow, a temperature sensor is arranged in the inner space thereof, the temperature sensor is led out to the outside of the adsorption tank 31 through the inner space of the temperature measuring drill rod 314 and the inner space of the connecting rod 3154, and the outlet of the inner space in the connecting rod 3154 can be sealed in a sealing mode. Thereby ensuring the sealability of the canister 31.
The reference tank 32 and the adsorption tank 31 are respectively communicated with the main gas path 8 through gas distribution paths, the gas distribution paths close to the gas inlet and outlet holes of the reference tank 32 and the adsorption tank 31 are respectively provided with an electromagnetic valve, a pressure sensor and a digital display meter, and the main gas path 8 is communicated with the gas source system 1, the vacuumizing system 2 and the gas collecting device 4.
Preferably, the outer permanent magnet 3181 of the magnetic coupling is fixed in a ring shape, and the inner ring of the outer permanent magnet 3181 is fixedly matched with the outer ring of the rotating bearing B3182; the inner ring of the rotary bearing B3182 is matched with the outer ring of the inner spline B3183, the outer spline B3184 matched with the inner spline B3183 is sleeved on the outer wall of the adsorption tank 31, and the length of the inner spline B3183 is matched with the up-down stroke of the temperature measuring drill rod 314. Through the structural design, the outer permanent magnet 3181 of the magnetic coupling rotates at a high speed and moves up and down stably along with the inner permanent magnet 3143 of the magnetic coupling, so that the stability and reliability in the process of cutting the lump coal 316 are ensured.
In order to ensure that the reference tank and the adsorption tank 31 have good sealing performance and can be easily disassembled to place the lump coal 316, preferably, the reference tank 32 comprises a tank body A321 with an opening at the upper part and a container plug A322 matched with the opening and used for plugging the tank body, an upward bulge part A is arranged in the middle of the container plug A322, a through hole A matched with the bulge part A is arranged in the middle of the container press-cap A323, the edge of the container press-cap A323 protrudes downwards and is matched with the outer wall of the opening of the tank body A321 through threads, and a rubber O-shaped ring used for sealing is arranged between the tank body A321 and the container plug A322; the adsorption tank 31 comprises a tank body B311 with an opening arranged above, and a container plug B312 matched with the opening and used for plugging the tank body, wherein a rubber O-shaped ring used for sealing is arranged between the container plug B312 and the tank body B311, an upward bulge part B is arranged in the middle of the container plug B312, a through hole for installing a connecting rod 3154 is arranged in the middle of the bulge part B, a through hole B matched with the bulge part B is arranged in the middle of a container cap B313, the edge of the container cap B313 bulges downwards and is matched with the outer wall of the opening of the tank body B311 through threads; a high-elasticity energy storage sealing ring for sealing is arranged between the convex part B and the connecting rod 3154, so that the connecting rod 3154 can move up and down and has high sealing performance. When the sealing device is used, the rubber O-shaped ring is preferably selected to be resistant to the temperature of over 260 ℃, so that the sealing device still has good sealing performance in the environment with high temperature.
Preferably, the propulsion device 315 comprises: the servo control system comprises a telescopic hydraulic cylinder 3151, a hydraulic telescopic rod 3152 matched with the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 3151 and a fixing frame for fixing the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 3151, wherein a pressure sensor 3153 is arranged between the hydraulic telescopic rod 3152 and a connecting rod 3154. The servo control system can control the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 3151 to push the hydraulic telescopic rod 3152 with a constant thrust, and the pressure sensor 3153 can monitor the thrust generated by the pushing device 315 in real time.
Further, power device includes rotation driving motor 3185, and rotation driving motor 3185 drives magnetic coupling outer permanent magnet 3181 through hold-in range 3187 and rotates, and rotation driving motor 3185 is connected with torque sensor 3186. The rotation driving motor 3185 may be installed on the motor support plate; the rotary driving motor 3185 and the internal spline B3183 are fixedly connected with the connecting rod 3154 through a fixing rod 317 so as to ensure that the connecting rod 3154, the rotary driving motor 3185, the synchronous belt 3187, the magnetic coupling external permanent magnet 3181 and the magnetic coupling internal permanent magnet 3143 are always on the same horizontal plane and are not out of step in the transmission process. The rotational drive motor 3185 is capable of controlling the rotational speed, and its torque sensor 3186 may monitor the torque it generates in real time.
As shown in fig. 1, further, the gas source system 1 includes a gas cylinder 11 containing high-purity methane with a concentration of 99.999% and a pressure of 20MPa, a pressure reducing valve 12 is disposed on the gas cylinder 11, the pressure reducing valve 12 is connected to the main gas path 8 through a gas path a13, and the gas path a13 is connected in series with a pressure sensor, a mechanical pressure gauge, and a manual valve.
As a further alternative, as shown in fig. 1, the vacuum pumping system 2 includes a vacuum piping system 21, a vacuum gauge 22 communicating with the vacuum piping system 21, a composite vacuum pipe 23 communicating with the vacuum gauge 22, and a vacuum pump 24 communicating with the vacuum piping system 21, wherein the vacuum piping system 21 communicates with the main air passage 8 through an air passage B25.
As a further alternative, the gas collecting device 4 comprises a flow meter for measuring the gas flow and a measuring cylinder 41 for collecting gas by means of a drainage method, as shown in fig. 1.
Furthermore, the hydraulic pump station 6 adopts a double-path 5min/L servo oil source and comprises a high-pressure oil pump set, a valve group, a pipeline, an oil tank, a cooler and an electric control unit.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the electro-hydraulic servo triaxial seepage test device 5 is a WYS-800 microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo triaxial gas seepage test device, and comprises a host 51 for performing triaxial seepage test, a gas circuit control system for controlling a gas circuit, a hydraulic system for controlling hydraulic pressure in the host 51, and a computer control system for controlling the host 51, the gas circuit control system, and the hydraulic system, besides sharing a gas source, a vacuum pumping system 2, a gas collecting system, a hydraulic home station, and a data collecting and controlling system with the adsorption and desorption system 3; the WYS-800 microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo triaxial gas seepage test device is a common device used for carrying out triaxial seepage tests on coal samples in the technical field, and mainly comprises a loading frame 511, a triaxial compression chamber 512 and the like, wherein the up-and-down displacement of the loading frame 511 is realized through a lead screw 513, and a cycloidal pin gear reducer drives a synchronous belt 3187 and a synchronous belt 3187 wheel. Besides, the invention improves the method as follows:
the main machine 51 is communicated with the main gas path 8 through an electromagnetic valve A, the main gas path 8 at the input side of the electromagnetic valve A is communicated with a constant temperature oil bath system 52, a gas buffer tank 522 for buffering gas in the main gas path 8 is arranged in the constant temperature oil bath, the gas buffer tank 522 is arranged in a constant temperature box 521 filled with constant temperature oil liquid, and a circulating pump 524, an electric heater 525, a temperature controller 523 for controlling the electric heater 525 and a temperature sensor A for measuring the temperature of the constant temperature oil liquid are arranged in the constant temperature box 521; a temperature sensor B is disposed in the triaxial chamber of the main unit 51, and the temperature sensor B is electrically connected to the thermostat 523.
The gas buffer tank 522 can supplement the pressure of the experimental device in the main machine 51. The temperature controller 523 can monitor the temperature of the triaxial chamber, and control the electric heater 525 to heat the constant temperature oil and keep a slightly higher temperature, so as to ensure that the gas passing through the gas buffer tank 522 reaches the triaxial chamber after being heated by the constant temperature oil and reaches the temperature required by the triaxial chamber. When the oil is heated, the oil in the thermostat 521 can be circularly stirred by the circulating pump 524, so that the temperature is more uniform.
The invention also discloses a measuring method of the block coal permeability of the multi-dimensional data source, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a data sample form based on permeability prediction of a multi-dimensional data source:
K＝f(X 11 ,X 12 ,X 15 ,X 21 ,X 22 ,X 23 ,X 24 ,X 31 ,X 32 ,X 41 ,X 51 ,X 52 ,X 53 )
wherein: k is the permeability, X 11 ,X 12 ,X 21 ,X 22 ,X 23 ,X 24 ,X 31 ,X 32 ,X 41 ,X 51 ,X 52 ,X 53 For training values, respectively: x 11 Is the water content X 11 、X 12 Is temperature or ground temperature, X 15 Is the gas pressure, X 21 Is ground stress deformation, X 22 Is deformation by gas pressure, X 23 Is heat stress deformation, X 24 To absorb expansive force deformation, X 31 Is a load path, X 32 To load rate, X 41 As drilling parameters, X 51 The lost gas quantity, X, of coal 52 For in situ desorption of gas quantity, X 53 The residual gas amount is;
(2) In-situ water content measurement by sampling 11 Earth temperature X 12 Gas pressure X 15 On-site desorption of gas quantity X 52 The drill bit rotating speed and the drill bit thrust during coring on site are sampled and processed into 50mm x 100mm lump coal and phi 50mm x 100mm cylindrical coal samples;
(3) The block coal absorption expansion force deformation X under different temperatures and pressures is measured by the block coal permeability measuring device with the multi-dimensional data source 24 Loss of gas X 51 Residual gas amount X 53 Parameter X while drilling 41 ；
(4) The measuring device of the block coal permeability from the multi-dimensional data source is utilized to measure the crustal stress deformation X of the cylindrical coal sample 21 Gas pressure deformation X 22 Thermal stress deformation X 23 Mechanical strength of coal sample and loading path X 31 Loading rate X 32 And steady state gas flow Q under the above X factor conditions;
(5) Sampling at different positions in the same well field, and repeating the steps (2) to (4) to obtain a plurality of groups of permeability samples under different conditions; collecting enough samples, training partial data through an improved machine learning related algorithm, verifying the rationality of the algorithm by the rest data, finding the optimal algorithm and determining the functional relation of K = f (X).
Further, step (2) includes:
(2-1) determining the water content X of the sampled coal bed by adopting a drying method 11 (ii) a Continuously monitoring and recording ground temperature data X in temperature measurement drill hole by adopting high-ground-temperature mine ground temperature testing system 12 (ii) a Measuring coal bed gas pressure X according to the provisions of national standard AQ/T1047-2007 15 ；
(2-2) ensuring that the underground drilling machine rotates at a constant speed w 1 Constant thrust force F 1 Coring in a drilling hole, and determining the influence radius of the drilling hole as L according to the existing drilling hole seepage model 1 Determining the geometric similarity ratio as C 1 ＝r 1 /L 1 (ii) a Wherein r is 1 Is the drill pipe radius;
(2-3) filling the coal sample A taken out by drilling on the spot into a coal sample tank for sealing, and testing the natural desorption gas quantity X for 2h on the spot 52 And converted into a standard volume;
and (2-4) wrapping the residual coal sample by using a preservative film, and then bringing the wrapped residual coal sample back to a laboratory to be processed into lump coal and cylindrical coal samples.
Further, in the step (3), the method comprises the following steps:
(3-1) Residual gas content X by degassing 53 ；
(3-2) simulation of gas content X lost in core drilling 51 ：
a. Determining the diameter of a cutting drill bit 3141 of the temperature measuring drill rod 314; the equivalent radius of the coal sample is L 2 Then the radius of the cutting portion of the drill bit should be r 2 ＝C 1 *L 2 (ii) a Wherein, the coal sample is lump coal, and the radius obtained by equivalently converting the size of the lump coal is equivalent radius L 2 ；
b. According to a geometric similarity constant C 1 Determining a motion similarity constant C 2 Then according to the field rotation speed w 1 Determining the rotational speed w of a rotating electrical machine connected to a magnetic coupling 2 (ii) a According to a geometric similarity constant C 1 And motion similarity constant C 2 Determination of dynamic similarity constant C 3 Then according to the thrust F in situ 1 Determining the thrust F of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 3151 of the servo control system 2 ；
c. The helium is used for calibrating the dead space volumes of the reference tank 32 and the adsorption and desorption tank, and calibrating the dead space volumes of the cutting bit 3141 under different drilling distances;
d. mounting the coal sample on a lump coal fixing part 3161 in the adsorption tank 31 to complete the mounting of the temperature measuring drill rod 314 and the cutting drill bit 3141; the temperature and the ground temperature X of the high-low temperature test box 33 are set 12 Consistency;
e. vacuumizing and degassing the adsorption and desorption system 3 through a vacuumizing system 2;
f. determination of lost gas content X 51 ：
Determination of gas pressure X 15 Lump coal gas adsorption n under the condition 0 (ii) a After the adsorption is balanced, the cutting bit 3141 rotates at a constant speed w 2 Constant thrust force F 2 Drilling is carried out, the temperature T of the tip of the cutting bit 3141 and the torque M (X) of the cutting bit 3141 are measured in real time 41 ) And measuring the desorption amount n of the lump coal gas after drilling 1 ；
Subjecting the coal sample to adsorption and desorption test under the same conditions without drilling step, wherein the desorption amount n of lump coal gas 2 Due to high friction temperatures generated by the drilling processPromoting gas desorption by the difference n 1 -n 2 The gas content is lost in the experiment;
actual coal seam loss gas content X 51 ＝(n 1 -n 2 ) Similarity ratio;
(3-3) attaching a strain gauge 3162 on the coal sample, and measuring the adsorption expansion force deformation X of the lump coal at different temperatures and gas pressures 24 。
Further, in the step (4), the method comprises the following steps:
(4-1) uniaxial or triaxial failure test is carried out on the coal sample, and the peak strength is sigma max Establishing a relation between mechanical properties and parameters while drilling to characterize pore fracture development X 13 I.e. X 4 ＝σ max ＝g(w 2 ,F 2 ,M)＝g(X 41 ) Determining the function g (X) for a series of tests on different coals 41 )；
(4-2) measuring the ground stress deformation X of the coal sample only by loading force, not adding gas and not heating 21 (ii) a Heating without loading force, measuring thermal stress deformation X of coal sample 23 ；
(4-3) installing the coal sample in a triaxial compression chamber 512 and setting the temperature X 12 And gas pressure X 15 In line with the site, with a certain loading path X 31 And a loading rate X 32 Loading to preset confining pressure and axial pressure, fully adsorbing and desorbing for 12h to reach an equilibrium state, wherein the volume strain at the moment is e, and the gas pressure is deformed into X 22 ＝e-X 24 -X 21 -X 23 (the symbol here does not indicate the direction of deformation), a steady gas flow rate is measured as Q by a flow meter or a water and gas collecting measuring cylinder 41, and assuming that the gas seepage conforms to darcy's law, the permeability is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002475209790000151
wherein K is the permeability of the coal sample, 10 -3 μm 2 (ii) a Q is the gas flow at 512 outlet of the three-shaft compression chamber in cm 3 /s；P a Is atmospheric pressure, 0.1MPa; mu is the dynamic viscosity coefficient of the gas, pa · s; l is the length of the deformed coal sample,cm; a is the area of the deformed coal sample in cm 2 ；P 1 Inlet gas pressure, pa; p 2 The outlet gas pressure was 101325Pa.
According to the block coal permeability analysis method with the multi-dimensional data source, provided by the invention, the influence factors related to permeability can be identified, so that the data dimension required by sufficient permeability prediction is provided. The data sample form of the permeability prediction given hereby K = f (X) 11 ,X 12 ,X 15 ,X 21 ,X 22 ,X 23 ,X 24 ,X 31 ,X 32 ,X 41 ,X 51 ,X 52 ,X 53 ) And in the sample, all the influence factors can be measured or tested on site to obtain data.
The device for measuring the block coal permeability of the multi-dimensional data source can measure data aiming at the data which cannot be directly measured on site in the proposed method for analyzing the block coal permeability of the multi-dimensional data source. The device can be used for researching the desorption rule of coal containing gas under the high-temperature coupling of a ground temperature environment and a middle line of the sample, and is used for quantitatively analyzing the relation between drilling parameters and gas loss after the raw coal is balanced under a certain gas pressure. Meanwhile, the designed temperature measuring drill rod 314 and the designed cutting drill 3141 can monitor the temperature change of the drill in the drilling process in real time under the sealing condition; the air tightness requirement of the suction tank is guaranteed by utilizing the non-contact transmission principle of magnetic transmission and a high-elastic sealing ring; through the design of separating the propulsion device 315 from the temperature measuring drill rod 314, the high-speed rotary motion and the linear reciprocating motion are separated, the air tightness problem after desorption and drilling are combined is solved, and the data such as thrust, rotating speed, torque, gas desorption amount, drilling temperature and the like in the process are monitored in real time.
The invention also provides a measuring method of the permeability of the lump coal with the multi-dimensional data source, which utilizes the measuring device of the permeability of the lump coal with the multi-dimensional data source to observe and measure data and can pertinently meet the requirement of multi-dimensional data extraction.

Claims (8)

1. A device for measuring block coal permeability of a multidimensional data source is characterized by comprising: the system comprises an adsorption and desorption system, an electro-hydraulic servo triaxial seepage test device, an air source system, a vacuum pumping system, a gas collecting device, a hydraulic pump station and a data acquisition control system, wherein the adsorption and desorption system is used for measuring the gas content of lump coal, measuring parameters while drilling and measuring adsorption expansion deformation, the electro-hydraulic servo triaxial seepage test device is used for measuring the permeability and related deformation of the lump coal under the condition of various factors X;
the adsorption and desorption system is arranged in the high-low temperature test box and comprises an adsorption tank for adsorbing and desorbing lump coal and a reference tank which has the same size as the adsorption tank and is used for balancing pressure;
the adsorption tank is internally provided with a lump coal fixing part and a strain gauge for measuring the deformation of the lump coal, a temperature measuring drill rod which can vertically move and is hollow inside is vertically and rotatably fixed inside the adsorption tank, the temperature measuring drill rod is positioned above the lump coal fixing part, and the bottom of the temperature measuring drill rod is provided with a replaceable cutting drill bit; a propelling device with a thrust monitoring function is arranged above the adsorption tank, and is connected with a temperature measuring drill rod in the adsorption tank through a hollow connecting rod through a plane bearing, and the connecting rod is in sealing fit with the top of the adsorption tank; the inner permanent magnet of the magnetic coupling is sleeved on the temperature measuring drill rod in a matching way through a flat key, the outer part of the adsorption tank is provided with an outer permanent magnet of the magnetic coupling which is matched with the inner permanent magnet of the magnetic coupling and can move up and down, and a power device which provides rotary power for the outer permanent magnet of the magnetic coupling and has the function of monitoring the torque is connected with the outer permanent magnet of the magnetic coupling in a rolling way; the power device, the outer permanent magnet of the magnetic coupling and the connecting rod synchronously move up and down; the cutting drill bit is hollow, a temperature sensor is arranged in the cutting drill bit, the cutting drill bit is led out to the outside of the adsorption tank through the inner space of the temperature measuring drill rod and the inner space of the connecting rod, and the outlet of the inner space in the connecting rod is sealed;
the reference tank and the adsorption tank are respectively communicated with a main gas path through gas distribution paths, electromagnetic valves, pressure sensors and digital display meters are arranged on the gas distribution paths close to the gas inlet and outlet holes of the reference tank and the adsorption tank, and the main gas path is communicated with a gas source system, a vacuum pumping system and a gas collecting device;
the analysis method adopted by the measuring device comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing the following permeability model by utilizing a permeability change relation of a Kozeny-Garman equation along with the porosity without considering the influence of an acoustic field and an electromagnetic field on the permeability:
Figure FDA0003856303060000011
in the formula (1), K is the permeability, K 0 Is the initial permeability of the coal sample, e is the volume strain, ε, of the coal sample p Is the adsorption expansion strain of the coal sample, beta delta T is the thermal stress deformation term, K Y Δ P is a gas pressure deformation term,
Figure FDA0003856303060000021
the initial porosity is phi, and the water content of the coal sample is phi;
s2, classifying factors influencing the target value permeability K into three categories, (1) the initial permeability item X of the coal 1 Including water content X 11 Temperature X 12 Pore-fissure development X 13 Degree of deterioration X of coal 14 Gas pressure X 15 (ii) a (2) Stress variation term X 2 Including ground stress deformation X 21 Gas pressure deformation X 22 Thermal stress deformation X 23 And deformation by adsorptive expansion force X 24 (ii) a (3) Loading conditional item X 3 Comprises thatLoad path X 31 Loading rate X 32 (ii) a The data sample form of the permeability prediction based on the multidimensional data source is:
K＝f(X 11 ，X 12 ，X 13 ，X 14 ，X 15 ，X 21 ，X 22 ，X 23 ，X 24 ，X 31 ，X 32 )， (2)
x in the formula (2) is a training value classification, and a function f represents a machine learning algorithm;
s3, considering parameter X while drilling in the digital drilling process 41 With rock mechanics X 4 The parameters have close correlation and adopt the parameter X while drilling 41 Characterization of pore-fracture development of coal X 13 (ii) a Degree of deterioration X of coal 14 With coal seam gas content X 5 Related relation, coal bed gas content X 5 Can be measured by measuring the loss gas X 51 In situ desorption of gas X 52 And residual gas amount X 53 Obtaining; it can be derived from equation (2):
K＝f(X 11 ，X 12 ，X 15 ，X 21 ，X 22 ，X 23 ，X 24 ，X 31 ，X 32 ，X 41 ，X 51 ，X 52 ，X 53 ) (3)；
and S4, training the value of the permeability K by using a formula (3) in a machine learning mode.
2. The device for measuring the block coal permeability of a multi-dimensional data source according to claim 1,
the upper part of the temperature measuring drill rod is protruded along the circumferential direction to form an annular convex body, and the permanent magnet in the magnetic coupling is annular and is sleeved on the convex body in a matched manner through the flat key; the inner wall of the adsorption tank protrudes inwards to form a fixing part with a through hole in the middle, the fixing part is positioned below the convex body, an internal spline A is arranged at the through hole, an external spline A with a mounting hole is arranged in the internal spline A in a matching mode, and the lower portion of the temperature measuring drill rod penetrates through the mounting hole and is fixed in the mounting hole through a rotating bearing A; the rotary bearings A are arranged up and down.
3. The device for measuring the permeability of the lump coal from the multi-dimensional data source according to claim 2, wherein the outer permanent magnet of the magnetic coupling is in a ring shape, and the inner ring of the outer permanent magnet is fixedly matched with the outer ring of the rotating bearing B; the inner ring of the rotary bearing B is matched with the outer ring of the inner spline B, the outer spline B matched with the inner spline B is sleeved on the outer wall of the adsorption tank, and the length of the inner spline B is matched with the up-down stroke of the temperature measuring drill rod.
4. The device for measuring the permeability of the lump coal from the multi-dimensional data source as claimed in claim 2, wherein the reference tank comprises a tank body A with an opening at the upper part, and a container cap A matched with the opening and used for plugging the tank body, wherein an upward bulge part A is arranged in the middle of the container cap A, a through hole A matched with the bulge part A is arranged in the middle of the container cap A, the edge of the container cap A bulges downwards and is matched with the outer wall of the opening of the tank body A through threads, and a rubber O-ring for sealing is arranged between the tank body A and the container cap A; the adsorption tank comprises a tank body B with an opening arranged above and a container plug B matched with the opening and used for plugging the tank body, a rubber O-shaped ring for sealing is arranged between the container plug B and the tank body B, an upward bulge part B is arranged in the middle of the container plug B, a through hole for mounting the connecting rod is arranged in the middle of the bulge part B, a through hole B matched with the bulge part B is arranged in the middle of the container cap B, the edge of the container cap B bulges downwards and is matched with the outer wall of the opening of the tank body B through threads; and a high-elasticity energy storage sealing ring for sealing is arranged between the bulge part B and the connecting rod.
5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the propulsion device comprises: the servo control system comprises a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic telescopic rod matched with the telescopic hydraulic cylinder and a fixing frame for fixing the telescopic hydraulic cylinder, wherein a pressure sensor is arranged between the hydraulic telescopic rod and a connecting rod; the power device comprises a rotary driving motor, the rotary driving motor drives the outer permanent magnet of the magnetic coupling to rotate through a synchronous belt, and the rotary driving motor is connected with a torque sensor; the driving motor and the internal spline B are fixedly connected with the connecting rod through a fixing rod; the gas source system comprises a gas cylinder containing high-purity methane with the concentration of 99.999% and the pressure of 20MPa, a pressure reducing valve is arranged on the gas cylinder and connected to the main gas circuit through a gas circuit A, and the gas circuit A is connected with a pressure sensor, a mechanical pressure gauge and a manual valve in series; the vacuum pumping system comprises a vacuum pipe system, a vacuum gauge pipe communicated with the vacuum pipe system, a composite vacuum pipe communicated with the vacuum gauge pipe, and a vacuum pump communicated with the vacuum pipe system, wherein the vacuum pipe system is communicated with the main air path through an air path B; the gas collecting device comprises a flowmeter for measuring the gas flow and a measuring cylinder for collecting gas by using a drainage method; the hydraulic pump station adopts a double-path 5min/L servo oil source and comprises a high-pressure oil pump set, a valve group, a pipeline, an oil tank, a cooler and an electric control unit.
6. The device for measuring the permeability of the lump coal from the multi-dimensional data source according to claim 2, wherein the electro-hydraulic servo triaxial seepage test device is a WYS-800 microcomputer-controlled electro-hydraulic servo triaxial gas seepage test device, and comprises a host machine for performing triaxial seepage tests, a gas circuit control system for controlling a gas circuit, a hydraulic system for controlling hydraulic pressure in the host machine, and a computer control system for controlling the host machine, the gas circuit control system and the hydraulic system;
the main machine comprises a loading frame and a three-axis compression chamber; the loading frame moves up and down through the rotation of the screw rod to realize loading, the host machine is communicated with the main air path through an electromagnetic valve A, the main air path at the input side of the electromagnetic valve A is communicated with a constant-temperature oil bath system, a gas buffer tank for buffering gas in the main air path is arranged in the constant-temperature oil bath system, the gas buffer tank is arranged in a constant-temperature box filled with constant-temperature oil liquid, and a circulating pump, an electric heater, a temperature controller for controlling the electric heater and a temperature sensor A for measuring the temperature of the constant-temperature oil liquid are arranged in the constant-temperature box; a temperature sensor B is arranged in a triaxial chamber in the main machine and is electrically connected with the temperature controller.
7. A method for measuring block coal permeability of a multi-dimensional data source is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Establishing a data sample form based on permeability prediction of a multi-dimensional data source:
K＝f(X 11 ，X 12 ，X 15 ，X 21 ，X 22 ，X 23 ，X 24 ，X 31 ，X 32 ，X 41 ，X 51 ，X 52 ，X 53 )
wherein: k is the permeability, X 11 ，X 12 ，X 21 ，X 22 ，X 23 ，X 24 ，X 31 ，X 32 ，X 41 ，X 51 ，X 52 ，X 53 For training values, respectively: x 11 Is the water content X 11 、X 12 Is temperature or earth temperature, X 15 Is gas pressure, X 21 Is ground stress deformation, X 22 Is deformation under gas pressure, X 23 Is heat stress deformation, X 24 To absorb expansive force deformation, X 31 Is a load path, X 32 For the loading rate, X 41 As drilling parameters, X 51 The lost gas quantity, X, of coal 52 Desorbing the amount of gas X by field 53 The residual gas amount is;
(2) On-site measurement of water content by sampling 11 Earth temperature X 12 Gas pressure X 15 On-site desorption of gas quantity X 52 The drill bit rotating speed and the drill bit thrust during the on-site coring are sampled and processed into 50mm x 100mm lump coal and phi 50mm x 100mm cylindrical coal samples;
(3) The block coal absorption expansion force deformation X under different temperatures and pressures is measured by using the measuring device of the block coal permeability from the multi-dimensional data source 24 Loss of gas amount X 51 Residual gas amount X 53 Parameter X while drilling 41 ；
(4) Measuring pair of block coal permeability measuring device utilizing multi-dimensional data sourceGround stress deformation X of cylindrical coal sample 21 Gas pressure deformation X 22 Thermal stress deformation X 23 Mechanical strength of coal sample and loading path X 31 Load rate X 32 And steady state gas flow Q under X factor conditions;
(5) Sampling at different positions in the same well field, and repeating the steps (2) to (4) to obtain a plurality of groups of permeability samples under different conditions; collecting enough samples, training partial data through an improved machine learning related algorithm, verifying the rationality of the algorithm by the rest data, finding the optimal algorithm and determining the functional relation of K = f (X).
8. The method for measuring the permeability of the lump coal from the multidimensional data source as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step (2) comprises:
(2-1) determining the water content X of the sampled coal bed by adopting a drying method 11 (ii) a Continuous monitoring and recording of ground temperature data X in temperature measurement drill hole during sampling by adopting high-ground-temperature mine ground temperature testing system 12 (ii) a Measuring coal bed gas pressure X according to the provisions of national standard AQ/T1047-2007 15 ；
(2-2) ensuring that the underground drilling machine rotates at a constant speed w 1 Constant thrust force F 1 Coring in a drilling hole, and determining the influence radius of the drilling hole as L according to the existing drilling hole seepage model 1 Determining the geometric similarity ratio as C 1 ＝r 1 /L 1 (ii) a Wherein r is 1 The radius of the drill rod is;
(2-3) filling the coal sample A taken out by drilling on the spot into a coal sample tank for sealing, and testing the natural desorption gas quantity X for 2h on the spot 52 Converting the standard volume of the process;
(2-4) wrapping the residual coal sample by a preservative film, and then taking the wrapped residual coal sample back to a laboratory to process the coal sample into lump coal and cylindrical coal samples;
the step (3) comprises the following steps:
(3-1) measurement of residual gas content X by degassing 53 ；
(3-2) simulation of gas loss X in core drilling process 51 ：
a. Determining the diameter of a cutting bit of the temperature measuring drill rod; coal sample asRadius of measurement L 2 The radius of the cutting part of the drill bit should be r 2 ＝C 1 *L 2 ；
b. According to a geometric similarity constant C 1 Determining a motion similarity constant C 2 Then according to the field rotation speed w 1 Determining the rotational speed w of a rotating electrical machine connected to a magnetic coupling 2 (ii) a According to a geometric similarity constant C 1 And motion similarity constant C 2 Determination of the dynamic similarity constant C 3 Then according to the thrust F in situ 1 Determining the thrust F of a telescopic hydraulic cylinder of a servo control system 2 ；
c. Calibrating the dead space volumes of the reference tank and the adsorption and desorption tank by using helium, and calibrating the dead space volumes of the cutting drill bit under different drilling distances;
d. mounting the coal sample on a lump coal fixing piece in an adsorption tank to finish the mounting of a temperature measuring drill rod and a cutting drill bit; temperature and ground temperature X of high-low temperature test chamber 12 Consistency;
e. vacuumizing and degassing the adsorption and desorption system through a vacuumizing system;
f. determination of lost gas content X 51 ：
Measuring gas pressure as X 15 Lump coal gas adsorption amount n under the condition 0 (ii) a After adsorption equilibrium, the cutting bit is rotated at a constant speed w 2 Constant thrust force F 2 Drilling, real-time measuring the temperature T of the tip of the cutting bit and the torque M (X) of the cutting bit 41 ) And measuring the desorption amount n of the lump coal gas after drilling 1 ；
Subjecting the coal sample to adsorption and desorption test under the same conditions without drilling step, wherein the desorption amount n of lump coal gas 2 Difference n due to frictional high temperature generated during drilling process promoting gas desorption 1 -n 2 The loss of gas content in the experiment is determined;
actual coal seam loss gas content X 51 ＝(n 1 -n 2 ) Similarity ratio;
(3-3) attaching a strain gauge on the coal sample, and measuring the adsorption expansion force deformation X of the lump coal at different temperatures and gas pressures 24 ；
The step (4) comprises the following steps:
(4-1) uniaxial or triaxial failure test is carried out on the coal sample, and the peak strength is sigma max Establishing a relation between mechanical properties and parameters while drilling to characterize pore fracture development X 13 I.e. X 4 ＝σ max ＝g(w 2 ，F 2 ，M)＝g(X 41 ) Determining the function g (X) for a series of tests on different coals 41 )；
(4-2) measuring the ground stress deformation X of the coal sample without adding gas and heating only by loading force 21 (ii) a Heating without loading force, measuring thermal stress deformation X of coal sample 23 ；
(4-3) installing the coal sample in a triaxial compression chamber, setting the temperature X 12 And gas pressure X 15 In line with the site, with a certain loading path X 31 And a loading rate X 32 Loading to preset confining pressure and axial pressure, fully adsorbing and desorbing for 12h to reach an equilibrium state, wherein the volume strain at the moment is e, and the gas pressure is deformed into X 22 ＝e-X 24 -X 21 -X 23 Here, the symbol does not indicate the direction of deformation, the steady-state gas flow rate measured by a flowmeter or a water and gas collecting measuring cylinder is Q, and if the gas seepage conforms to darcy's law, the permeability is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003856303060000061
wherein K is the permeability of the coal sample, 10 -3 μm 2 (ii) a Q is the gas flow at the outlet of the triaxial compression chamber in cm 3 /s；P a Is atmospheric pressure, 0.1MPa; mu is the dynamic viscosity coefficient of the gas, pa · s; l is the length of the deformed coal sample, cm; a is the area of the coal sample after deformation, cm 2 ；P 1 Inlet gas pressure, pa; p 2 The outlet gas pressure was 101325Pa.
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