CN111398065A - Testing device for shearing resistance of superposed surface at high temperature - Google Patents
Testing device for shearing resistance of superposed surface at high temperature Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
- G01N2001/366—Moulds; Demoulding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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Abstract
According to the device for testing the shearing resistance of the laminated surface at high temperature, the Z-shaped shearing resistance test piece with uniform distribution of the shearing stress of the laminated surface and small influence of end restraint on the laminated surface is used as a test piece, and the stress state of the laminated surface is close to the pure shearing stress state. Thermocouple is pre-buried at the superposed surface of the test piece to monitor the interface temperature in real time, and the shearing resistance performance test of the superposed surface at any temperature can be carried out by matching with a resistance wire type electric heating furnace and an MTS jack loading device. A set of new loading connection and displacement measurement system is designed, the problem that data obtained by a method for directly measuring the displacement of the lower top surface of the jack and then converting the displacement to obtain the displacement of a test piece is inaccurate is solved, the shear load-slip curve of the superposed surface at different temperatures can be accurately measured, and the shear resistance of the superposed surface of the superposed structure at high temperature can be fully mastered.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building structure disaster prevention and reduction.
Background
The assembly integral type laminated structure (called a laminated structure for short) is a novel structure which is formed by firstly producing prefabricated components in a prefabricated field, then transporting the prefabricated components to a construction site, and installing and pouring laminated concrete on the construction site. The structure has the advantages of good integral rigidity, excellent anti-seismic performance, short construction period, three-material saving, cost saving and the like, but the laminated structure also has some defects. For example, the bonding surface between the prefabricated part and the cast-in-place part (referred to as "lamination surface") in the laminated structure is a weak part in the assembled integral laminated structure. The shear strength of the superposed surface is not equal to that of the integrally cast concrete due to the reasons of poor shrinkage stress caused by the age difference of the successively cast concrete, a water film generated when the concrete is cast later caused by the hydrophilicity of the precast concrete and the like. When the shearing strength of the superposed surface is insufficient, the superposed surface of the superposed structure is likely to be damaged, and when the external load does not reach the design limit load, the structure is brittle and damaged, thereby endangering the safety of lives and properties of people.
As a structural form which is widely existed in engineering practice and is actively promoted to adapt to national requirements, the laminated structure can meet the disaster with the highest occurrence frequency of fire disasters in the using process, whether the laminated surface can maintain certain shear strength under the fire disasters is ensured, and the supporting structure reaches the designed fire resistance limit, thereby having important significance for protecting the personal safety and property safety of people under the fire disasters. However, the shear resistance of the laminated surface at normal temperature is studied a lot, but the shear resistance at high temperature is almost blank. The main reasons are that the test at high temperature has the problems of difficult loading, difficult direct measurement of displacement at high temperature, larger error in indirect measurement and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simple and feasible test method and a test device for measuring the shearing resistance of a laminated surface at high temperature, which can measure the temperature, the slippage, the stress and the shearing strength during the damage of the laminated surface at high temperature in real time, thereby providing reference for the fire resistance design of a laminated structure and ensuring the safety of the laminated structure under fire.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a device for testing shear resistance of a laminated surface at a high temperature, comprising: the device comprises a Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece, a resistance wire type electric heating furnace, a hydraulic jack loading device and a data acquisition system;
the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece comprises two sub-components which are rotationally and symmetrically distributed, wherein one surfaces of the sub-components are mutually attached to form a superimposed surface; a thermocouple is pre-embedded at the superposed surface so as to measure the temperature field of the superposed surface in real time; a high-temperature resistant ceramic wafer is pre-embedded on the upper top surface of the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece to measure the displacement change of the superimposed surface when the superimposed surface is sheared at high temperature;
the upper top surface of the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece is connected to the hydraulic jack loading device through the upper connecting piece, and the lower bottom surface of the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece is connected to the concrete connecting piece;
the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece is integrally arranged in a hearth of the resistance wire type electric heating furnace;
the upper connecting piece is provided with a round hole along the height direction; a heat-resistant ceramic tube penetrates through the round hole; the side wall of the upper connecting piece is also provided with a square hole which is communicated with the round hole; the thin steel plate penetrates through the square hole, a abdication hole is formed in the middle of the thin steel plate, one end of a thermocouple wire is connected with the thermocouple, and the other end of the thermocouple wire penetrates through the heat-resistant ceramic tube and the abdication hole to be connected with a data acquisition system;
two ends of the thin steel plate are respectively connected with the resistance wire type electric heating furnace through flexible balance springs; the two ends of the thin steel plate are respectively contacted with a probe of a spring type displacement meter, and the spring type displacement meter is fixed on a steel buckle type scaffold; the lower part of the heat-resistant ceramic tube is tightly contacted with the embedded ceramic plate, and the upper part of the heat-resistant ceramic tube is contacted with the thin steel plate; the displacement of the laminated surface at high temperature can be measured by measuring the displacement of the thin steel plates through a spring type displacement meter;
the data acquisition system is used for acquiring the temperature of the thermocouple, the displacement of the spring type displacement meter and the loading force of the jack.
In a preferred embodiment: the cross section of the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece along the length direction comprises a rectangular first part and a pentagonal second part; the first side of the pentagon is superposed with one long side of the rectangle; the pentagon further has a second side parallel to the first side, the second side being shorter than the first side and having one end convex outward to the first side; the first end of the second side, which protrudes out of the first side, is connected with a third side perpendicular to the second side, and the other end of the second side is connected to one end of the first side through a first bevel edge; the third edge is connected to the other end of the first edge by a second oblique edge.
In a preferred embodiment: the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece is manufactured through a glass fiber reinforced plastic mold, the mold consists of a bottom mold, a side mold and a detachable middle partition plate, and superimposed surface test pieces with different angles can be manufactured by adjusting the position of the middle partition plate.
In a preferred embodiment: the hydraulic jack loading device is an MTS servo loading actuator, and when the superposed surface reaches a preset temperature, the MTS servo loading actuator is used for applying axial load to the Z-shaped superposed surface shear test piece.
In a preferred embodiment: heating resistance wires are respectively arranged around the hearth of the resistance wire type electric heating furnace
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the device for testing the shearing resistance of the laminated surface at high temperature, the Z-shaped shearing resistance test piece with uniform distribution of the shearing stress of the laminated surface and small influence of end restraint on the laminated surface is used as a test piece, and the stress state of the laminated surface is close to the pure shearing stress state. Thermocouple is pre-buried at the superposed surface of the test piece to monitor the interface temperature in real time, and the shearing resistance performance test of the superposed surface at any temperature can be carried out by matching with a resistance wire type electric heating furnace and an MTS jack loading device. A set of new loading connection and displacement measurement system is designed, the problem that data obtained by a method for directly measuring the displacement of the lower top surface of the jack and then converting the displacement to obtain the displacement of a test piece is inaccurate is solved, the shear load-slip curve of the superposed surface at different temperatures can be accurately measured, and the shear resistance of the superposed surface of the superposed structure at high temperature can be fully mastered. It has the following advantages:
(1) the method can be used for carrying out shear test on the superposed surface at a certain specific high temperature, fills the blank of the shear test of the superposed surface at the high temperature, and can provide necessary data support for the fireproof design of the superposed structure.
(2) The method can accurately measure the shearing displacement change data of the superposed surface in a high-temperature state, and overcomes the defects that the displacement of the superposed surface cannot be directly measured in the prior art, and the displacement obtained by conversion has large errors.
(3) The split type mold can be used for manufacturing test pieces with various different contrast parameters, can be used for carrying out contrast experiments on numerous main influence parameters, and is helpful for comprehensively knowing the shearing resistance of the superposed surface at high temperature.
(4) The test operation process is convenient, and the test material and the measuring device used in the high-temperature test are common material equipment in the market, simple, economical and convenient to operate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for testing the shear resistance of a laminated surface at a high temperature according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an apparatus for testing shear resistance of a laminated surface at a high temperature, including: the device comprises a Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece 1, a resistance wire type electric heating furnace 2, a hydraulic jack loading device 3 and a data acquisition system;
the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece 1 comprises two sub-components which are rotationally and symmetrically distributed, wherein one surfaces of the sub-components are mutually attached to form a superimposed surface; a thermocouple is pre-embedded at the superposed surface so as to measure the temperature field of the superposed surface in real time; a high-temperature resistant ceramic piece 9 is pre-embedded on the upper top surface of the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece 1 to measure the displacement change of the superimposed surface when the superimposed surface is sheared at high temperature;
the upper top surface of the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece 1 is connected to a hydraulic jack loading device 3 through an upper connecting piece 4, and the lower bottom surface of the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece is connected to a concrete connecting piece 5;
the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece 1 is integrally arranged in a hearth of the resistance wire type electric heating furnace 2;
the upper connecting piece 4 is provided with a round hole along the height direction; a heat-resistant ceramic tube 6 is arranged in the round hole in a penetrating way; the side wall of the upper connecting piece 4 is also provided with a square hole which is communicated with the round hole; the thin steel plate 7 penetrates through the square hole, a abdication hole is formed in the middle of the thin steel plate 7, one end of a thermocouple wire 8 is connected with a thermocouple, and the other end of the thermocouple wire penetrates through the heat-resistant ceramic tube 6 and the abdication hole to be connected with a data acquisition system;
two ends of the thin steel plate 7 are respectively connected with the resistance wire type electric heating furnace 2 through flexible balance springs 10; two ends of the thin steel plate 7 are respectively contacted with a probe of a spring type displacement meter 11, and the spring type displacement meter 11 is fixed on a steel buckle type scaffold; the lower part of the heat-resistant ceramic tube 6 is tightly contacted with the embedded ceramic plate 9, and the upper part is contacted with the thin steel plate 7; the displacement of the laminated surface at high temperature can be measured by measuring the displacement of the thin steel plate 7 through the spring type displacement meter 11;
the data acquisition system is used for acquiring the temperature of the thermocouple, the displacement of the spring type displacement meter 11 and the loading force of the jack.
The detailed technical characteristics of each part are as follows:
z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece 1
The laminated surface is not in a pure shear stress state when the laminated surface is under the longitudinal axial compressive load, the laminated surface is in a compression-shear composite stress state under the common condition, and the existence of the compression stress has great influence on the shear strength of the laminated surface. In addition, the end constraint effect generated by the transverse friction force of the loading contact surface can also have certain influence on the shearing resistance of the superposed surface. In order to avoid the influence of the factors on the test result, a Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece is adopted, a glass fiber reinforced plastic mold is required to be customized for manufacturing the test piece, the mold consists of a bottom mold, a side mold and a detachable middle partition plate, superimposed surface test pieces with different angles can be manufactured by adjusting the position of the middle partition plate, and superimposed surface shear tests under various stress combinations are performed. The design of split type glass steel mould does benefit to the test piece drawing of patterns, has also ensured the finished size accuracy and the quality of test piece to the credibility of test result has been guaranteed.
Specifically, the cross section of the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece 1 along the length direction comprises a first part in a rectangular shape and a second part in a pentagonal shape; the first side of the pentagon is superposed with one long side of the rectangle; the pentagon further has a second side parallel to the first side, the second side being shorter than the first side and having one end convex outward to the first side; the first end of the second side, which protrudes out of the first side, is connected with a third side perpendicular to the second side, and the other end of the second side is connected to one end of the first side through a first bevel edge; the third edge is connected to the other end of the first edge by a second oblique edge.
The thermocouple is pre-embedded at the superposed surface, so that the temperature field of the superposed surface can be measured in real time during later-stage tests, the external dimension of the test piece is 300mm × 300mm × 100mm, the dimension of the superposed surface is 100mm × 100mm, and a high-temperature resistant ceramic plate 9 with the outer diameter of 40mm, the inner diameter of 20mm and the thickness of 5mm is pre-embedded at the upper top surface of the test piece, so that the displacement change of the superposed surface subjected to shear at high temperature can be measured in later stages.
Resistance wire type electric heating furnace 2
The size of a hearth of the electric heating furnace is 500mm × 500mm × 500mm, the periphery of the hearth is heated by resistance wires, the furnace is measured by an S-shaped armored thermocouple in the furnace, and accurate temperature control is achieved.
Hydraulic jack loading device 3
The loading device adopted in the test is an MTS servo loading actuator, the measuring range is 50kN, and the data recording system is matched with the MTS servo loading actuator, so that the change of the axial load can be recorded in real time. When the superposed surface reaches the preset temperature, the loading actuator is utilized to apply axial load to the test piece, the superposed surface is in a sheared state, the matched microcomputer system can record the axial load change in the process of loading to damage, and the shearing stress change data of the superposed surface can be obtained through conversion.
The invention is implemented according to the following steps:
(1) a customized glass fiber reinforced plastic mold is adopted to pour concrete twice to form the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece 1, a middle partition plate in the mold is required to be taken down before the second pouring so that the concrete can be poured in sequence to form a superimposed surface, and the time interval of the two pouring can refer to the actual engineering. Before concrete pouring, the high-temperature ceramic piece 9 and the K-type thermocouple are respectively embedded at the top and the superposed surface of the Z-shaped superposed surface shear test piece 1. And (3) manufacturing an upper concrete connecting piece and a lower concrete connecting piece 5 while pouring the test piece, and performing standard maintenance on the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece 1 and the connecting pieces until the preset age is reached.
(2) And hoisting the resistance wire type electric heating furnace 2 to the lower part of the MTS servo loading actuator and centering, heightening the lower part of the resistance wire type electric heating furnace 2 by using a concrete block, opening a cover of the resistance wire type electric heating furnace 2, placing a lower concrete connecting piece 5 at a central position, and placing the Z-shaped test piece on the lower connecting piece. Keeping the center of the lower connecting piece, the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece 1 and the lower pressing head of the loading actuator on the same vertical line.
(3) And installing a heat-resistant high-temperature ceramic tube, cleaning the pre-embedded ceramic plate 9 on the top surface of the Z-shaped test piece, keeping the top surface of the ceramic plate 9 flat, and sticking the high-temperature ceramic tube on the pre-embedded ceramic plate 9 by using a small amount of glue after the pre-embedded thermocouple wire 8 passes through the ceramic tube. And (3) installing an upper concrete connecting piece 5, enabling the ceramic pipe and the pre-buried thermocouple wire 8 to penetrate through the center of the upper connecting piece 4, and aligning the upper connecting piece 4 with the upper top surface of the Z-shaped test piece. And (3) the thin steel plate 7 penetrates through the left and right holes of the upper connecting piece 4, and after the thin steel plate 7 is tightly contacted with the upper top surface of the ceramic tube, the flexible balance springs 10 at two ends of the thin steel plate 7 are installed. The thin steel plate 7, the ceramic tube and the embedded ceramic plate 9 are in close contact.
(4) The spring type displacement meter 11 is installed, the shell of the spring type displacement meter 11 is clamped by a magnetic gauge stand and is fixed below the thin steel plate 7, and the vertical contact between a probe of the spring type displacement meter 11 and the thin steel plate 7 is ensured so as to measure the displacement of the thin steel plate 7 in the whole test process. Before the high-temperature test, the gaps between the upper and lower openings of the resistance wire type electric heating furnace 2 and the concrete connecting piece 5 are plugged by the aluminum silicate fiber felt fireproof cotton, so that the high-temperature gas in the resistance wire type electric heating furnace 2 is prevented from leaking to damage experimental instruments outside the resistance wire type electric heating furnace 2.
(5) And connecting the thermocouple wire 8 with a temperature data acquisition board, transmitting data to a computer, opening a switch of the resistance wire type electric heating furnace 2, heating a test piece in the furnace, monitoring the temperature of the superposed surface in real time, operating the MTS servo loading actuator to press down after the temperature of the superposed surface reaches a preset temperature (such as 20 ℃, 200 ℃, 400 ℃, 600 ℃, 800 ℃ and 1000 ℃), and gradually applying axial load to the test piece through a connecting piece until the test piece is damaged. Through the data acquisition system, the change of the temperature field of the superposed surface, the load-slip curve of the superposed surface shearing resistance at the preset temperature and the ultimate shearing strength of the superposed surface at the high temperature in the whole test process can be obtained.
Shear ultimate strength τmax＝FmaxA, wherein FmaxThe maximum axial load value applied to the servo actuator, A is the area of the superimposed surfaces, i.e. 100mm × 100 mm-0.01 m2。
The shear stress tau of the superposed surface is equal to F/A, and the superposed surface slides
Wherein F is the value of the axial load applied by the servo actuator, F1、f2The displacement measured by the spring displacement meter 1 and the spring displacement meter 2 respectively. Therefore, the shearing stress-slip curve of the superposed surface under the action of different influencing factors can be obtained.
The above examples are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Changes, modifications, etc. to the above-described embodiments are intended to fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they are in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a folded surface shear behavior testing arrangement under high temperature which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece, a resistance wire type electric heating furnace, a hydraulic jack loading device and a data acquisition system;
the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece comprises two sub-components which are rotationally and symmetrically distributed, wherein one surfaces of the sub-components are mutually attached to form a superimposed surface; a thermocouple is pre-embedded at the superposed surface so as to measure the temperature field of the superposed surface in real time; a high-temperature resistant ceramic wafer is pre-embedded on the upper top surface of the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece to measure the displacement change of the superimposed surface when the superimposed surface is sheared at high temperature;
the upper top surface of the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece is connected to the hydraulic jack loading device through the upper connecting piece, and the lower bottom surface of the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece is connected to the concrete connecting piece;
the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece is integrally arranged in a hearth of the resistance wire type electric heating furnace;
the upper connecting piece is provided with a round hole along the height direction; a heat-resistant ceramic tube penetrates through the round hole; the side wall of the upper connecting piece is also provided with a square hole which is communicated with the round hole; the thin steel plate penetrates through the square hole, a abdication hole is formed in the middle of the thin steel plate, one end of a thermocouple wire is connected with the thermocouple, and the other end of the thermocouple wire penetrates through the heat-resistant ceramic tube and the abdication hole to be connected with a data acquisition system;
two ends of the thin steel plate are respectively connected with the resistance wire type electric heating furnace through flexible balance springs; the two ends of the thin steel plate are respectively contacted with a probe of a spring type displacement meter, and the spring type displacement meter is fixed on a steel buckle type scaffold; the lower part of the heat-resistant ceramic tube is tightly contacted with the embedded ceramic plate, and the upper part of the heat-resistant ceramic tube is contacted with the thin steel plate; the displacement of the laminated surface at high temperature can be measured by measuring the displacement of the thin steel plates through a spring type displacement meter;
the data acquisition system is used for acquiring the temperature of the thermocouple, the displacement of the spring type displacement meter and the loading force of the jack.
2. The device for testing the shearing resistance of the laminated surface at high temperature according to claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece along the length direction comprises a rectangular first part and a pentagonal second part; the first side of the pentagon is superposed with one long side of the rectangle; the pentagon further has a second side parallel to the first side, the second side being shorter than the first side and having one end convex outward to the first side; the first end of the second side, which protrudes out of the first side, is connected with a third side perpendicular to the second side, and the other end of the second side is connected to one end of the first side through a first bevel edge; the third edge is connected to the other end of the first edge by a second oblique edge.
3. The device for testing the shearing resistance of the laminated surface at high temperature according to claim 2, wherein: the Z-shaped superimposed surface shear test piece is manufactured through a glass fiber reinforced plastic mold, the mold consists of a bottom mold, a side mold and a detachable middle partition plate, and superimposed surface test pieces with different angles can be manufactured by adjusting the position of the middle partition plate.
4. The device for testing the shearing resistance of the laminated surface at high temperature according to claim 1, wherein: the hydraulic jack loading device is an MTS servo loading actuator, and when the superposed surface reaches a preset temperature, the MTS servo loading actuator is used for applying axial load to the Z-shaped superposed surface shear test piece.
5. The device for testing the shearing resistance of the laminated surface at high temperature according to claim 1, wherein: and heating resistance wires are respectively arranged around the hearth of the resistance wire type electric heating furnace.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114136810A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-04 | 华北理工大学 | Device for testing fireproof performance of T-shaped beam of hybrid fiber replacing reinforced concrete |
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