CN111398064A - On-spot shearing experiment platform - Google Patents

On-spot shearing experiment platform Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111398064A
CN111398064A CN202010315087.7A CN202010315087A CN111398064A CN 111398064 A CN111398064 A CN 111398064A CN 202010315087 A CN202010315087 A CN 202010315087A CN 111398064 A CN111398064 A CN 111398064A
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China
Prior art keywords
shearing box
box
guide
shaped clamping
guide rail
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Pending
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CN202010315087.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
汪海滨
陈佺
李小春
郑海超
叶艳雀
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Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics of CAS
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Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics of CAS
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Priority to CN202010315087.7A priority Critical patent/CN111398064A/en
Publication of CN111398064A publication Critical patent/CN111398064A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/0003—Steady
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0025—Shearing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
    • G01N2203/0033—Weight
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0284—Bulk material, e.g. powders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle

Abstract

The invention discloses a field shearing experiment table which comprises an upper shearing box and a lower shearing box, wherein guide rollers and guide rails are symmetrically arranged on the side surfaces of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box; the guide rails are arranged along the length direction of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box, and the guide rollers are uniformly arranged on the side surface of the upper shearing box at intervals through wheel shafts and can be connected above the guide rails in a rolling manner; the guide roller and the guide rail are provided with U-shaped clamping grooves at the outer sides, the upper ends of the U-shaped clamping grooves are fixed on the side surface of the upper shearing box, the lower ends of the U-shaped clamping grooves are attached to the side surface of the lower shearing box, the guide rail penetrates through the U-shaped clamping grooves, and the lower surfaces of the guide rail are in contact with the lower surfaces of the inner sides of the U-shaped clamping grooves and can freely slide; a liquid bag which can be filled with water is arranged between the upper shearing box and a top cover fixedly connected with the top of the upper shearing box. The field shearing experiment table disclosed by the invention is simple in structure and reasonable in design, and can be used for carrying out large-size field shearing experiments with normal loading and the sliding direction of the shearing box controlled.

Description

On-spot shearing experiment platform
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical experiment tables, in particular to an on-site shearing experiment table.
Background
In order to obtain the shear strength of the geotechnical material and reduce errors caused by the scale effect, a large-size shear experimental device is often required to be used for measuring the shear strength of a sample in an engineering field. In order to control the complexity of the experimental system, the size of the shear box must be limited. For rockfill samples made of crushed rock, the shear box is of a small size and does not reflect the characteristics of the sample. Meanwhile, the device is complex in installation, multiple in control instrument and inconvenient for common engineering personnel to carry out field test. Another type of experimental device adopts a large-size tiltable shearing box, the shearing box is pushed by the gravity of a sample and the shearing box, the size of the sample is almost not limited, the normal pressure cannot be provided, and the sliding direction of the shearing box is not easy to control when the shearing box is tilted.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a field shearing experiment table which is simple in structure and reasonable in design, can be used for carrying out large-size field shearing experiments with normal loading and can control the sliding direction of a shearing box.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical measures:
an on-site shearing experiment table comprises an upper shearing box and a lower shearing box which is positioned below the upper shearing box and aligned with the upper shearing box, wherein guide rollers and guide rails are symmetrically arranged on the side surfaces of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box; the guide rails are arranged along the length direction of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box, and the guide rollers are uniformly arranged on the side surface of the upper shearing box at intervals through wheel shafts and can be connected above the guide rails in a rolling manner; the guide roller and the guide rail are provided with U-shaped clamping grooves on the outer sides, the upper ends of the U-shaped clamping grooves are fixed on the side surfaces of the upper shearing box, the lower ends of the U-shaped clamping grooves are attached to the side surfaces of the lower shearing box, the guide rail penetrates through the U-shaped clamping grooves, and the lower surfaces of the guide rail are in contact with the lower surfaces of the inner sides of the U-shaped clamping grooves and can freely slide; and a liquid bag capable of being filled with water is arranged between the upper shearing box and a top cover fixedly connected with the top of the upper shearing box.
The sliding direction of the shearing box is controlled by the guide rollers, the guide rails and the wheel shafts; the U-shaped clamping groove limits the lifting of the top cover and the upper shearing box when the liquid bag is filled with water and pressurized, the liquid bag is filled with water and expands to pressurize a sample in the shearing box, and the pressure of the liquid bag is transmitted to the sample in the shearing box.
Preferably, the test sample is layered to fill the top and bottom shear boxes.
Furthermore, a lifting hook is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the lower shearing box in the width direction and used for enabling the experiment table to be obliquely lifted, and the upper shearing box can relatively slide along the length direction of the guide rail.
Optionally, a water injection hole is formed in the side surface of the upper shearing box, and is used for filling water into the liquid sac to expand the liquid sac so as to pressurize the sample in the shearing box.
Furthermore, the top cover, the upper shearing box, the lower shearing box and the U-shaped clamping groove are made of steel plates, H-shaped steel or I-shaped steel.
Optionally, the guide rail is made of i-steel, and two axial ends of the guide roller are provided with annular bosses extending radially; the annular bosses at the two ends of the guide roller are clamped at the top of the guide rail, so that the guide roller can only roll along the length direction of the guide rail.
By last, install U-shaped draw-in groove in the guide rail outside, the upper end of U-shaped draw-in groove links to each other with last shearing box, and its lower extreme blocks the guide rail bottom, and when the water bag filled the inflation and lead to top cap and last shearing box to lift, U-shaped draw-in groove will restrict its lifting.
Specifically, the field shearing experiment table provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
during the experiment, lay the lower shear box on horizontal ground, then align hoist and mount upper shear box, guide roller and guide rail laminating this moment install the U-shaped draw-in groove in the guide rail outside and fix the upper end on the upper shear box. The rockfill sample was filled into the shear box in layers and tamped, fitted with a sac and cap. Through the water injection hole to the liquid bag water injection, pressurize to the sample, connect laboratory bench and crane or other hoisting machinery through the lifting hook, slowly lift by crane and make the laboratory bench slope lifting, after the laboratory bench slopes to certain angle, the rockfill material slides under the effect of self gravity and destroys, goes up shear box and shear box down and appears obvious relative slip along the guide rail this moment, records the pressure of inclination and liquid bag, calculates the shear strength of sample.
The sliding direction of the shearing box is controlled by the guide roller, the guide rail and the wheel shaft, the U-shaped clamping groove is arranged on the outer sides of the guide roller and the guide rail, the U-shaped clamping groove limits the lifting of the top cover and the upper shearing box when the liquid bag is filled with water and pressurized, the liquid bag is filled with water and expands to pressurize a sample in the shearing box, and the pressure of the liquid bag is transmitted to the sample in the shearing box. The field shearing experiment table disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, and can be used for carrying out a large-size field shearing experiment which can be loaded in a normal direction and can control the sliding direction of the shearing box.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a field shear laboratory bench of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of a field shear laboratory bench of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the guide roller, the guide rail and the U-shaped clamping groove of the present invention installed on one side surface of the upper cutting box and the lower cutting box.
FIG. 4 is a graph of force analysis of a sample of the present invention after tilting.
Fig. 5 is a schematic working diagram of a common jack field shearing experiment table.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the experimental failure of a common oblique shearing experiment table.
Wherein: 1-top cover, 2-liquid bag, 3-upper shearing box, 4-water injection hole, 5-guide roller, 6-guide rail, 7-U-shaped clamping groove, 8-lower shearing box, 9-lifting hook, 10-wheel shaft, 11-jack, 12-shearing frame, 13-pressing plate and 14-frame.
Detailed Description
The field shear test rig of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1-4.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the field shearing experiment table provided by the invention comprises a top cover 1, a liquid bag 2, an upper shearing box 3, a water injection hole 4, a guide roller 5, a guide rail 6, a U-shaped clamping groove 7, a lower shearing box 8, a lifting hook 9 and a wheel shaft 10. Wherein, the side surfaces of the upper shearing box 3 and the lower shearing box 8 are symmetrically provided with a guide roller 5, a guide rail 6 and a wheel shaft 10 in a matching way, and the shearing boxes are controlled to only relatively slide along the length direction of the guide rail. The top cover 1, the upper shearing box 3, the lower shearing box 8 and the U-shaped clamping groove 7 are processed by steel plates, H-shaped steel and I-shaped steel. The upper shearing box 3 and the lower shearing box 8 are aligned and hoisted. The guide rails 6 are arranged on two side surfaces of the lower shearing box 8 and are parallel to the length direction of the lower shearing box 8, and the guide rollers 5 are arranged on two side surfaces of the upper shearing box 3, are positioned on the guide rails 6 and are in rolling fit with the guide rails 6. The U-shaped clamping groove 7 is arranged on the outer side of the guide roller 5 and the guide rail 6, the upper end of the U-shaped clamping groove 7 is fixed on the side face of the upper shearing box 3, and the lower surface of the inner side of the lower end of the U-shaped clamping groove 7 is attached to the guide rail 6 but is not fixed. Guide rail 6 passes U-shaped draw-in groove 7, and the lower surface of guide rail 6 and the inboard lower surface contact of U-shaped draw-in groove 7 can freely slide, and when liquid bag 2 filled water inflation and lead to top cap 1 and the rising of last shear box 3, U-shaped draw-in groove 7 will play the limiting displacement, makes top cap 1 and the unable lifting of last shear box 3, gives the sample in the shear box with the pressure transmission of liquid bag 2.
In addition, the guide rail 6 is made of I-shaped steel, annular bosses extending in the radial direction are arranged at two axial ends of the guide roller 5, and the annular bosses at the two ends of the guide roller 5 are clamped at the top of the guide rail 6, so that the guide roller 5 can only roll along the length direction of the guide rail 6.
The liquid sac 2 covers the sample in the upper shearing box 3, the top cover 1 covers the liquid sac 2 and is connected with the upper shearing box 3, and the liquid sac 2 is filled with water and pressurized through the water injection hole 4 on the upper shearing box 3. The hook 9 is installed at the center of the bottom in the width direction of the lower shear box 8 and connected to a crane.
The invention can be used for shear strength test of rockfill material samples in engineering sites, and the top cover 1, the upper shear box 3, the lower shear box 8 and the U-shaped clamping groove 7 can be processed into required sizes by using metal plates and section steels (channel steels, I-shaped steels, angle steels and the like) or reinforcing steel bars according to experimental needs and construction site conditions. The guide rollers 5 and the guide rails 6 are required to bear the weight of the upper shearing box, and the model is selected according to actual requirements. The lifting hook 9 needs to bear the weight of the whole experiment table and a sample, and the model is selected according to actual needs. The sac 2 needs to be customized to the shear box size and pressurization requirements.
The invention can not only aim at rockfill materials, carry out large-size field shearing experiments with normal loading and controllable shearing box sliding direction, but also aim at experimental materials.
The workflow of the field shear test rig of the present invention is briefly described below with reference to fig. 1-4 in conjunction with the above structural description:
during the experiment, the lower shearing box 8 is placed on the horizontal ground, then the upper shearing box 3 is aligned and hoisted, the guide roller 5 is attached to the guide rail 6, the U-shaped clamping groove 7 is installed on the outer side of the guide rail 6, and the upper end of the U-shaped clamping groove is fixed on the upper shearing box 3. The rockfill sample is filled into the shear box in layers and tamped, loaded with the sac 2 and cap 1. Through 4 to the liquid bag water injections of water injection hole, pressurize to the sample, connect laboratory bench and crane or other hoisting machinery through lifting hook 9, slowly lift by crane and make the laboratory bench slope lifting, after the laboratory bench slopes to certain angle, the rockfill material is the sliding destruction under the effect of self gravity, goes up shear box 3 and shear box 8 and appears obvious relative slip along guide rail 6 down this moment, records inclination and the pressure of liquid bag 2, calculates the shear strength of sample.
When the sample is inclined at an angle a, the stress on the shearing plane defined by the guide rail 6 and the guide roller 5 is as shown in fig. 4, the pressure S provided by the sac 2, the normal component N ═ G × cos (a) and the shearing component T ═ G × sin (a) of the gravity G of the sample, and when the sample is broken according to the molar coulomb rule,
Figure BDA0002459228470000041
wherein A is the area of the sliding surface, and by performing experiments for 2 times or more, and applying different S by the liquid bag 2 every time, two parameters of the shear strength can be obtained by solving an equation set: c (cohesion) and
Figure BDA0002459228470000042
(internal friction angle). For some samples where the cohesion (c equals zero) can be neglected, the internal friction angle can also be obtained by only one experiment.
The technical advantages of the present invention are illustrated below by comparing two types of commonly used field shear test benches.
Referring to the first type of bench shown in fig. 5, when an experiment is conducted, a trench is first dug in a rockfill site, a mound is retained as a sample, a shear frame 12 and a pressing plate 13 are put on the trench, and the sample is pressed from above and from the side by means of a jack 11 and a frame 14 until the mound sample is subjected to sliding damage from the root, and the cohesion and the internal friction angle of the sample are calculated.
These types of test stands have two disadvantages. Firstly, the staff need get into and visit inslot erection equipment, has certain safety risk. Secondly, the jack pressurization easily causes uneven stress on the sample, the larger the sample is, the more uneven the stress is, the larger the experimental error is, and therefore the sample size is limited.
Referring to fig. 6, a second type of field test station, similar in basic structure and method to the present invention, slides and destroys the specimen in the two shear boxes by tilting, but without the guide rails, guide rollers and fluid pockets. Lack the guide rail and restrict the slip direction, the sample easily takes place to rotate in the slope lifting process, deviates from the required state of cutting the destruction along the straight line of experiment, leads to the measuring result mistake. The lack of the liquid bag causes that the experiment table can only measure the inclination angle a when the sample is damaged, two strength parameters cannot be calculated, the internal friction angle of the sample can only be estimated by an empirical formula, and the cohesive force cannot be obtained.
The following is a set of experimental results obtained with the present invention, the sample size was 4m × 2m × 2m, the mass of the sample in the upper shear box was 15348kg, the mass of the sample per unit area was 1918.5kg, the liquid bladder was pressurized at two pressures of 0kPa and 15kPa and the measurement was repeated, and the internal friction angle of the sample was 32.4 DEG, and the cohesion was 3.66 kPa.
Numbering Liquid bag pressure S (kPa) Inclination angle (°) T(kPa) N(kPa)
1 0 41.46 99.59 112.72
2 0 41.86 100.37 112.02
3 0 42.16 100.96 111.50
4 15 44.52 105.46 107.24
5 15 45.37 107.04 105.67
6 15 45.22 106.75 105.97
The experimental results show the technical feasibility of the invention, and simultaneously prove that the invention overcomes the defects of the two common test tables, and the sample size gets rid of the limitation of the slot probing; the laboratory worker is far away from the laboratory bench, and no safety risk exists; the guide rail enables the sample to be always in a state of sliding damage along a straight line required by the experiment; the liquid bag pressurization overcomes the problem of uneven stress of the sample caused by the pressurization of the jack, and the experiment table can measure two strength parameters of the sample.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can understand that the modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A field shear laboratory bench comprising an upper shear box (3) and a lower shear box (8) positioned below and aligned with the upper shear box (3), characterized in that: guide rollers (5) and guide rails (6) are symmetrically arranged on the side surfaces of the upper shearing box (3) and the lower shearing box (8);
the guide rail (6) is arranged along the length direction of the upper shearing box (3) and the lower shearing box (8), and the guide rollers (5) are uniformly arranged on the side surface of the upper shearing box (3) at intervals through wheel shafts (10) and can be connected above the guide rail (6) in a rolling manner;
the outer sides of the guide rollers (5) and the guide rails (6) are provided with U-shaped clamping grooves (7), the upper ends of the U-shaped clamping grooves (7) are fixed on the side face of the upper shearing box (3), the lower ends of the U-shaped clamping grooves (7) are attached to the side face of the lower shearing box (8), the guide rails (6) penetrate through the U-shaped clamping grooves (7), and the lower surfaces of the guide rails (6) are in contact with the lower surfaces of the inner sides of the U-shaped clamping grooves (7) and can freely slide;
a liquid bag (2) which can be filled with water is arranged between the upper shearing box (3) and the top cover (1) fixedly connected with the top of the upper shearing box (3).
2. The field shear test bench of claim 1, wherein: the test samples are filled in layers in the upper shear box (3) and the lower shear box (8).
3. The field shear test bench of claim 1, wherein: the middle position of the width direction of the bottom of the lower shearing box (8) is provided with a lifting hook (9) for enabling the experiment table to be obliquely lifted, and the upper shearing box (3) is enabled to relatively slide along the length direction of the guide rail (6).
4. The field shear test bench of claim 1, wherein: and a water injection hole (4) is formed in the side surface of the upper shearing box (3) and is used for filling water into the liquid sac (2) to expand the liquid sac so as to pressurize a sample in the shearing box.
5. The field shear test bench of claim 1, wherein: the top cover (1), the upper shearing box (3), the lower shearing box (8) and the U-shaped clamping groove (7) are made of steel plates, H-shaped steel or I-shaped steel.
6. The field shear test bench of claim 1, wherein: the guide rail (6) is made of I-shaped steel, and two axial ends of the guide roller (5) are provided with annular bosses extending in the radial direction;
the annular bosses at the two ends of the guide roller (5) are clamped at the top of the guide rail (6), so that the guide roller (5) can only roll along the length direction of the guide rail (6).
CN202010315087.7A 2020-04-21 2020-04-21 On-spot shearing experiment platform Pending CN111398064A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113640104A (en) * 2021-10-15 2021-11-12 成都理工大学 Hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device for drilling shearing test and testing method

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CN108362577A (en) * 2018-01-26 2018-08-03 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 A kind of original position direct shear apparatus and its detection method
CN110514532A (en) * 2019-08-05 2019-11-29 南京理工大学 A kind of block structure face shear rheology test device and method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113640104A (en) * 2021-10-15 2021-11-12 成都理工大学 Hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device for drilling shearing test and testing method

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Application publication date: 20200710