CN111397454A - Method for realizing spiral tunnel blasting drilling construction - Google Patents
Method for realizing spiral tunnel blasting drilling construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN111397454A CN111397454A CN202010246380.2A CN202010246380A CN111397454A CN 111397454 A CN111397454 A CN 111397454A CN 202010246380 A CN202010246380 A CN 202010246380A CN 111397454 A CN111397454 A CN 111397454A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing spiral tunnel blasting drilling construction, which comprises the step of deducing a hole depth difference value delta L relative to R according to a geometric relation1The method comprises the steps of determining β the relation between a tunnel footage L and a spiral tunnel shoreline radius R in the aspect of extrapolation angles of peripheral holes by considering an extrapolation angle deviation angle β caused by a spiral shoreline of the tunnel through a geometric relation, guiding construction based on the two geometric reasoning calculation models, determining the maximum limit value of a circulating footage by reversely deducing the footage at the near-center side of the tunnel according to a tunnel over-under limit excavation value by utilizing the pythagorean theorem, calculating delta L after determining the circulating footage according to actual engineering requirements, comparing the delta L with a hole depth critical value c, adjusting the hole depth of the tunnel in a grading manner, and adjusting the extrapolation angle in a grading manner according to the size of βClear theory and rigorous derivation formula is suitable for blasting and drilling construction of road tunnels, railway tunnels, hydraulic tunnels and mining roadways with spiral line spreading.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a spiral tunnel blasting drilling construction implementation method.
Background
With the rapid development of the current engineering construction in China, the domestic tunnel construction is continuously developed to a remote place and a deep mountain canyon, the situation that the height difference of the inlet and the outlet of the tunnel is large is more and more, the construction difficulty is more and more, more and more tunnels needing spiral expansion lines are needed, and related technologies are urgently needed to guide the blasting and drilling construction of the spiral tunnel. Because the spiral expansion line tunnel is slowly adopted in recent years, and along with the construction of infrastructure, will be more and more, the expansion line radius also will be littleer and more, the engineering construction degree of difficulty also can increase correspondingly, in blasting construction, spiral tunnel's circulation footage, peripheral hole depth, drilling angle isoparametric all need further confirm and adjust.
At present, all construction excavation methods adopted for the spiral tunnel are drilling and blasting methods, but various drilling parameters (such as difference values of hole depth values of the far center side and the near center side of the spiral tunnel and hole external insertion angle deviation angles) in the drilling and blasting methods lack a theoretical calculation basis, and a theoretical method for guidance in construction is lacked. The drilling parameters of the conventional spiral line-expanding rotary tunnel blasting are estimated manually, and the out-of-break value cannot be effectively controlled by a disordered manual estimation method. Resulting in unsafe construction, increased uncertainty and low construction efficiency. Secondly, the excessive undermining and the excessive undermining brought by the conventional tunnel blasting drilling method in the spiral tunnel are adopted, so that the construction safety and the engineering economy are greatly insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that various drilling parameters in the blasting method in the prior art, such as the difference between the hole depth values of the far side and the near side of a spiral tunnel, the deviation angle of an external hole plugging angle and the cyclic footage value lack a theoretical calculation basis, so that the construction parameters are disordered and the construction scheme cannot be guided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for realizing spiral tunnel blasting drilling construction comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a spiral tunnel hole depth difference calculation model and a spiral tunnel hole extrapolation angle deviation calculation model through geometric reasoning;
step 2: acquiring an over under excavation limit value and a geometric parameter of the spiral tunnel to be blasted, and determining a circulating footage value of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the over under excavation limit value and the geometric parameter; respectively determining a hole depth critical value and a preset deviation angle of an external hole plugging angle of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the cyclic footage value;
and step 3: according to the circulation footage obtained in the step 2, obtaining a hole depth difference value of the spiral tunnel to be blasted based on the spiral tunnel hole depth difference value calculation model; and solving a hole external insertion angle deviation angle of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the circulation footage value obtained in the step 2 based on the spiral tunnel hole external insertion angle deviation angle calculation model;
and 4, step 4: comparing the hole depth difference value obtained in the step (3) with the hole depth critical value, and determining a first construction adjustment scheme of the spiral tunnel to be blasted; and (3) comparing the hole external insertion angle deviation angle obtained in the step (3) with the preset hole external insertion angle deviation angle, and determining a second construction regulation scheme of the spiral tunnel to be blasted.
Preferably, the spiral tunnel hole depth difference calculation model is as follows:
wherein △L is the hole depth difference, R1The radius of the expansion line at the proximal side of the spiral tunnel, L the circulating footage of the spiral tunnel and B the cross section width of the spiral tunnel.
Preferably, the calculation model of the helical tunnel hole extrapolation angle deviation angle is as follows:
wherein β is the hole external angle deviation angle, L is the cyclic advancing ruler value of the spiral tunnel, and R is the proximal side expansion radius of the spiral tunnel.
Preferably, the step 2 comprises:
step 201, acquiring a near-side out-of-excavation limit value and a near-side line-spreading radius of the spiral tunnel to be blasted;
step 202, calculating the allowed near-side footage of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the near-side overbreak limit value and the near-side line-spreading radius obtained in the step 201 by using a tunnel allowed footage calculation formula; determining the circulating footage value of the spiral tunnel to be blasted by taking the near-side allowable footage as a threshold value of an actual circulating footage value;
and 203, performing error evaluation on the spiral tunnel project of the current to-be-blasted construction, and determining a hole depth critical value and a preset deviation angle of an external hole plugging angle of the spiral tunnel of the to-be-blasted construction based on the circulation footage value.
Preferably, the tunnel allowable footage calculation formula is as follows:
wherein S isnFor tunnel proximal overbreak limit, LnAllowing footage for the tunnel proximal side; r1Is the tunnel proximal radius.
Preferably, the pore depth threshold is equal to the cycle footage × (2% to 4%).
Preferably, the first construction adjustment scheme includes:
if the hole depth difference obtained in the step 3 is smaller than the hole depth critical value, the hole depth is not adjusted;
and if the hole depth difference obtained in the step 3 is larger than the hole depth critical value, adjusting the hole depth.
Preferably, the predetermined angle of the external hole insertion angle is 1 degree.
Preferably, the second construction adjustment scheme includes:
if β is less than or equal to 1 degree, the external angle of the hole is not adjusted;
if the angle is not less than 1 degree and not more than β degrees and not more than 3 degrees, adjusting the angle of the hole external inserting angle;
if β is more than or equal to 3 degrees, adjusting the external insertion angle of the hole by adopting a long and short hole combination method;
wherein β is the deviation angle preset for the calculated hole external extrapolation angle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the model is analyzed and calculated through clear geometric theory on the underground engineering blasting drill hole of the spiral expansion line, the difference value of hole depth values of the far center side and the near center side of the spiral tunnel and the hole external insertion angle deviation angle can be directly calculated through the model, the construction scheme can be determined according to the calculated parameters, the underground engineering over-under excavation of the spiral expansion line is effectively controlled, and the economy and the timeliness of tunnel construction are guaranteed. The method for realizing the spiral tunnel blasting drilling construction provided by the invention has clear geometric principle and strict derivation formula, and is suitable for blasting drilling construction of road tunnels, railway tunnels, hydraulic tunnels and mining roadways with spiral lines.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 illustrates a method for drilling by blasting spiral tunnels according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a first schematic diagram of a spiral tunnel geometry according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a second schematic diagram of a spiral tunnel geometry in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a third schematic diagram of the spiral tunnel geometry of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to test examples and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a spiral tunnel blasting drilling construction implementation method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, including:
step 1: establishing a spiral tunnel hole depth difference calculation model and a spiral tunnel hole extrapolation angle deviation calculation model through geometric reasoning;
specifically, the difference value delta L between the depth of the telecentric side hole and the depth of the proximal side hole is deduced according to the geometric relation, and is related to R1Determining β a geometric relationship between a tunnel approach length L and a radius R of a spiral tunnel profile by comparing a value of Δ L with a threshold value c to adjust the depth of the tunnel in stages, and considering an angle deviation (an angle deviation angle of the hole) β caused by the spiral profile of the tunnel in terms of an extrapolation angle of peripheral holesAnd carrying out hierarchical adjustment on the extrapolation angle according to the size of β.
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the hole depth difference △L is a difference between the hole depth at the far center (tunnel center) side of the spiral tunnel and the hole depth at the near center of the spiral tunnel, and is given by the following formula:
ΔL＝LW-Ln；
wherein △L is the difference of hole depth, LwAn allowable advance length on the telecentric side LnIs an allowance ruler at the proximal side.
Further, the concrete process of establishing the spiral tunnel hole depth difference calculation model through geometric reasoning is as follows, under the determined cyclic footage L, the calculation model is known by geometric knowledge:
wherein R is1The radius of the expansion line at the proximal side of the spiral tunnel and the width of the cross section of the spiral tunnel are B.
The calculation model of the external insertion angle deviation angle of the spiral tunnel hole is established through geometric reasoning in the following specific process: referring to fig. 4, in the standard circle, the central angle corresponding to an arc may be approximately the ratio of the arc length to the circumference multiplied by 2 pi (approximately the secant length is taken as the arc length), that is:
since the segment AB is the loop footage L of the tunnel segment, there are:
the same can be obtained
CO＝R cosθ
And because of
BC+CO＝BO＝R
Therefore, it is
BC＝R-CO＝R(1-cosθ)
Because of the fact that
∠BAC＝β
Substituting into BC and AC to obtain
Therefore, it is
And because of
To obtain
Step 2: acquiring an over under excavation limit value and a geometric parameter of the spiral tunnel to be blasted, and determining a circulating footage value of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the over under excavation limit value and the geometric parameter; respectively determining a hole depth critical value and a preset deviation angle of an external hole plugging angle of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the cyclic footage value;
specifically, in conjunction with fig. 2, if the conventional and unconventional drilling conditions are the same, that is, the factors of the drilling control level are not considered, the overbreak difference of the spiral tunnel to be blasted can be calculated according to the specifications, and the geometric relationship of fig. 2 can be used to derive the overbreak difference
Since the radius of the spiral tunnel is given by the design, which is a known condition, sw＜[Sw]And sn＜[Sn]The inner and outer circulation footage can be determined. The specific cycle footage determining thought is as follows: according to the limiting standard of overbreak and underrun [ S ]w]、[Sn]Backward push out the allowable advancing rule L on the far and near sidesw、LnSpecifically, the following formula is shown.
Since the depth of the inner and outer borehole is different and the proximal allowable depth is smaller than the distal allowable depth, L is usednThe maximum footage of the current spiral tunnel is L, and the upper limit of the actual circulating footage of the spiral tunnel is LnIn practical engineering, the footage of the spiral tunnel should not be larger than LnFrom which blast overbreak could theoretically and systematically be controlled to reduce overbreak as much as possible at the source, thus, according to LnAnd taking values of the actual circulating scale feeding value of the spiral tunnel.
The method comprises the following steps of performing error evaluation on the spiral tunnel project of the current to-be-blasted construction, evaluating an error allowable range for each project, and determining a corresponding error range, namely determining a hole depth critical value and a preset deviation angle of an external hole plugging angle of the spiral tunnel of the to-be-blasted construction according to the circulation footage, wherein in the embodiment, the hole depth critical value c is determined to be the circulation footage L× (2% -4%) according to the allowable error values of most spiral tunnels, in the embodiment, the hole depth critical value is taken to be the circulation footage × 2%, and corresponding first construction regulation schemes (the hole depth regulation principle of the peripheral walls on the left side and the right side) are as follows:
when delta L < c, the hole depth is not adjusted
When Δ L > c or Δ L ═ c, the hole depth is adjusted so that if the actually calculated hole depth difference Δ L is equal to or greater than the hole depth threshold value c, the depth is adjusted, c/2 is increased on the far side based on the original depth of the tunnel, and c/2 is decreased on the near side based on the original depth.
The external insertion angle adjustment at the far side wall of the spiral tunnel is to reduce a certain angle on the basis of the external insertion angle α of the conventional tunnel hole so as to reduce the overexcavation phenomenon, namely:
γfar away＝|α-β|
Wherein α is the extrapolation angle, β is the hole extrapolation angle deviation angle caused by the radius of the spiral, and γ is the actual angle caused by the superposition of the two.
The external inserting angle at the side wall near the center of the spiral tunnel is adjusted by increasing a certain angle on the basis of the external inserting angle of the conventional tunnel so as to reduce the underexcavation phenomenon. Namely:
γnear to＝|α+β|
Further, the data corresponding to the overbreak and underbreak of β with different footage is analyzed and calculated, and the adjustment method can be divided into three stages according to the data corresponding to the overbreak and underbreak of β with different footage by combining table 1.
TABLE 1
The preset angle of the external hole insertion angle of the spiral tunnel can be determined, referring to table 1, the preset deviation angle of the external hole insertion angle is 1 degree in the embodiment. The corresponding second construction adjustment scheme (adjustment principle of hole depth around the left and right side walls) is as follows:
(1) when β is not more than 1 degree, the footage section can be regarded as a straight line without adjusting the peripheral eye external insertion angle
(2) When the angle is larger than or equal to 1 degree and smaller than or equal to β degrees and smaller than or equal to 3 degrees, the bending degree of the footage section influences the overbreak of the tunnel, and corresponding adjustment is carried out.
(3) When β is more than or equal to 3 degrees, and the curvature of the footage section is larger, not only the external insertion angle is adjusted, but also a long and short hole combination method is adopted.
And step 3: according to the circulation footage obtained in the step 2, obtaining a hole depth difference value of the spiral tunnel to be blasted based on the spiral tunnel hole depth difference value calculation model; and solving a hole external insertion angle deviation angle of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the circulation footage value obtained in the step 2 based on the spiral tunnel hole external insertion angle calculation model;
and 4, step 4: comparing the hole depth difference value obtained in the step (3) with the hole depth critical value, and determining a first construction adjustment scheme of the spiral tunnel to be blasted; and (3) comparing the hole external insertion angle deviation angle obtained in the step (3) with the preset hole external insertion angle deviation angle, and determining a second construction regulation scheme of the spiral tunnel to be blasted.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: and determining which of the first construction adjustment schemes should be adopted in actual construction according to the comparison between the hole depth difference value obtained in the step 3 and the hole depth critical value, and determining which of the second construction adjustment schemes should be adopted in actual construction according to the comparison between the hole external insertion angle deviation angle obtained in the step 3 and the preset hole external insertion angle deviation angle.
The invention deduces a first parameter hole depth difference (hole depth difference between the telecentric side and the proximal side) delta L related to R through geometric reasoning on the spiral tunnel1And a mathematical calculation model of the cross section width B of the tunnel, determining a mathematical calculation model of the second parameter hole outside deviation angle β about the circulating footage L of the tunnel and the line-spreading radius R of the spiral tunnel through a geometric relation, and further during specific construction, reversely deducing the circulating footage of the spiral tunnel and determining two parameters according to engineering error toleranceThe method comprises the steps of determining an actual hole depth difference value and an actual hole external insertion angle value of the current spiral tunnel by using two mathematical calculation models based on a cyclic depth scale L after setting an angle β, comparing the actual value with a parameter threshold value, and determining a construction scheme aiming at the spiral tunnel, namely, comparing the numerical value of delta L with a critical value c to regulate the hole depth of the tunnel in a grading manner, considering the angle deviation β brought by a spiral expansion line of the tunnel in the aspect of the external insertion angle of peripheral holes, determining β the relation between the tunnel depth scale L and the radius R of the expansion line of the spiral tunnel according to the geometric relation, and regulating the external insertion angle in a grading manner according to β.
Example 2
The construction method is determined for a spiral tunnel with a generating line radius of 100m on the proximal side (the calculation method on the distal side is the same as that on the proximal side and is omitted here), wherein the cross section width of the spiral tunnel is 10m, the limit of the over-excavation is 10cm, and the proximal side allowable advancing ruler can be calculated according to the formula:
therefore, the circulation footage should not be larger than 4.47m, so the actual circulation footage is 3m in this embodiment;
then, the theoretical difference value of the peripheral holes on the proximal side and the distal side is 0.28m, and if the C value is 0.06m (two percent of the actual cyclic footage) according to the actual situation of the project, a first construction scheme is determined, and the hole depth of the peripheral holes on the left side wall and the right side wall should be adjusted;
and calculating the hole external insertion angle deviation angle of the spiral tunnel according to the hole external insertion angle calculation model in the embodiment 1:
if the available β degrees is less than 1 degree when the angle is 0.86 degrees, determining a second construction scheme, and if the current footage section does not adjust the external insertion angle, recalculating if the footage is increased, and verifying whether the adjustment of the external insertion angle is considered.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for realizing the spiral tunnel blasting drilling construction is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: establishing a spiral tunnel hole depth difference calculation model and a spiral tunnel hole extrapolation angle deviation calculation model through geometric reasoning;
step 2: acquiring an over under excavation limit value and a geometric parameter of the spiral tunnel to be blasted, and determining a circulating footage value of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the over under excavation limit value and the geometric parameter; respectively determining a hole depth critical value and a preset deviation angle of an external hole plugging angle of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the cyclic footage value;
and step 3: according to the circulation footage obtained in the step 2, obtaining a hole depth difference value of the spiral tunnel to be blasted based on the spiral tunnel hole depth difference value calculation model; and solving the hole external insertion angle deviation angle of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the circulation footage value obtained in the step 2 based on the spiral tunnel hole external insertion angle deviation angle calculation model;
and 4, step 4: comparing the hole depth difference value calculated in the step (3) with the hole depth critical value, and determining a first construction adjustment scheme of the spiral tunnel to be blasted; and (3) comparing the deviation angle of the external plugging angle calculated in the step (3) with the preset deviation angle of the external plugging angle, and determining a second construction adjustment scheme of the spiral tunnel to be blasted.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the spiral tunnel hole depth difference calculation model is:
wherein △L is the hole depth difference, R1The radius of the expansion line at the proximal side of the spiral tunnel, L the circulating footage of the spiral tunnel and B the cross section width of the spiral tunnel.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the helical tunnel hole extrapolation angle deviation calculation model is:
wherein β is the hole external angle deviation angle, L is the cyclic advancing ruler value of the spiral tunnel, and R is the proximal side expansion radius of the spiral tunnel.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step 2 comprises:
step 201, acquiring a near-side out-of-excavation limit value and a near-side line-spreading radius of the spiral tunnel to be blasted;
step 202, calculating the allowed near-side footage of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the near-side overbreak limit value and the near-side line-spreading radius obtained in the step 201 by using a tunnel allowed footage calculation formula; determining the circulating footage value of the spiral tunnel to be blasted by taking the near-side allowable footage as a threshold value of an actual circulating footage value;
and 203, performing error evaluation on the spiral tunnel project of the current to-be-blasted construction, and determining a hole depth critical value and a preset deviation angle of an external hole plugging angle of the spiral tunnel of the to-be-blasted construction based on the circulation footage value.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the tunnel allowed footage calculation is formulated as:
wherein S isnFor tunnel proximal overbreak limit, LnAllowing footage for the tunnel proximal side; r1Is the tunnel proximal radius.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the hole depth threshold is × (2% -4%) of the cycle depth.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first construction adjustment scenario comprises:
if the calculated hole depth difference value is smaller than the hole depth critical value, the hole depth is not adjusted;
and if the calculated hole depth difference value is larger than or equal to the hole depth critical value, adjusting the hole depth.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein the off-hole extrapolation angle is preset to be a deviation angle of 1 degree.
9. The method of claim 4, wherein the second construction adjustment scenario comprises:
if β is less than or equal to 1 degree, the external angle of the hole is not adjusted;
if the angle is not less than 1 degree and not more than β degrees and not more than 3 degrees, adjusting the angle of the hole external inserting angle;
if β is more than or equal to 3 degrees, adjusting the external insertion angle of the hole by adopting a long and short hole combination method;
wherein β is the calculated hole extrapolation angle.
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