CN111397396A - Powder material cooling system and cooling process thereof - Google Patents
Powder material cooling system and cooling process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111397396A CN111397396A CN202010196684.2A CN202010196684A CN111397396A CN 111397396 A CN111397396 A CN 111397396A CN 202010196684 A CN202010196684 A CN 202010196684A CN 111397396 A CN111397396 A CN 111397396A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
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- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 35
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
- F28C3/00—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
- F28C3/10—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus one heat-exchange medium at least being a fluent solid, e.g. a particulate material
- F28C3/12—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus one heat-exchange medium at least being a fluent solid, e.g. a particulate material the heat-exchange medium being a particulate material and a gas, vapour, or liquid
- F28C3/16—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus one heat-exchange medium at least being a fluent solid, e.g. a particulate material the heat-exchange medium being a particulate material and a gas, vapour, or liquid the particulate material forming a bed, e.g. fluidised, on vibratory sieves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core
Abstract
The invention discloses a powder material cooling system and a cooling process thereof, relating to the technical field of powder material cooling; the device comprises a circulating fan, a powder fluidization cooler, a cyclone separator, a bag-type dust collector and a powder conveyor, wherein an outlet at the top of the powder fluidization cooler is communicated with an inlet of the cyclone separator, and a gas inlet at the bottom of the powder fluidization cooler is connected with an outlet of the circulating fan, so that gas-solid two phases flow out from the outlet at the top of the powder fluidization cooler and then enter the cyclone separator; the bottom of the cyclone separator is a discharge hole for the cooled product material, and a tail gas outlet at the top of the cyclone separator is connected with a bag-type dust collector; the bag-type dust remover is connected to the inlet of the circulating fan, so that the gas collected by the bag-type dust remover is recycled as the fluidizing gas; by implementing the technical scheme, the technical problem that the existing cooling technology is not suitable for powder materials with small particle size, easy moisture absorption or easy deterioration and poor liquidity can be effectively solved, the reliability of the cooling technology can be obviously improved, and the running cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of powder material cooling, in particular to a powder material cooling system and a cooling process thereof.
Background
In the production of inorganic salts, metal oxides and metal powders, it is often necessary to cool the high-temperature powder material obtained by calcination for packaging and transportation. The traditional powder cooling technology adopts a cooling water indirect heat exchange or air/inert gas direct heat exchange mode for cooling, but in the process of realizing the embodiment of the invention, the inventor of the application finds that the existing powder cooling technology has respective limitations:
1. powder flow heat exchanger technology: the high-temperature solid powder automatically flows through a narrow channel of the plate heat exchanger by means of the gravity of the high-temperature solid powder and indirectly exchanges heat with cooling water on the other side to achieve the purpose of cooling the material, and hot water can be produced as a byproduct when necessary, so that heat can be recovered. However, the powder flow heat exchanger technology is only suitable for powder materials with good fluidity, and the particle size of the powder materials is generally required to be more than 150 μm, and the repose angle is less than 40 degrees. The technology is popularized by Solex company of Canada for the first time and is widely applied to products such as heavy soda ash, urea, potassium chloride, cane sugar and the like; however, this technique cannot be used for powder having poor flowability because it cannot smoothly flow between the heat exchange plates.
2. Fluidized bed cooling technology: the powder is fluidized by utilizing the fluidization principle and air or inert gas, the powder sequentially passes through a plurality of fluidization chambers, cooling air/inert gas is introduced into each fluidization chamber, and the air/inert gas is directly contacted with the powder for heat exchange, so that the aim of cooling step by step is fulfilled. The air/inert gas after heat exchange is led out from the top, and is exhausted after passing through a cyclone separator and a bag-type dust collector. Or the air/inert gas can be indirectly cooled and recycled; however, the fluidized bed cooling technology requires that the powder can be stably fluidized, the generally applicable particle size range is 30-600 μm (the stable fluidized bed layer cannot be formed when the particle size is too small, and the pressure drop is too large when the particle size is too large), the heat cannot be effectively recovered, and the public work consumption is large.
3. Rotary cooling technology: the material is continuously turned over by the shoveling plate in the rotary kiln, cooling water is introduced into the shoveling plate and the kiln wall, and the material is cooled in the process of being slowly transported; however, the rotary cooling technology has large occupied area, is easy to harden and difficult to clean, and generally the temperature of the materials is not too high (easy to harden), and the materials have good fluidity.
4. Disc cooling technology: the materials stay on the discs layer by layer, cooling water is introduced into the discs, and the solid is contacted with the discs and is cooled by heat conduction; however, the disk cooling technique is used only for small-scale cooling because of its low heat transfer efficiency, and is generally used in the fields of food, medicine, and the like.
5. The pneumatic conveying and cooling technology comprises the following steps: and in the pneumatic conveying process, cooling the powder material. Because the proportion of air and powder in pneumatic conveying is in a certain range, the temperature of the cooled powder is not convenient to be accurately controlled, and the pneumatic conveying cooling technology is not mature in application.
Because the above-mentioned technologies all have their own limitations, aiming at some powder materials with small particle size, easy moisture absorption or easy deterioration and poor fluidity, such as activated calcium oxide produced by calcining carbide slag, the above-mentioned conventional cooling technologies are not suitable, and it is urgently needed to research and design a new cooling system and/or cooling process by those skilled in the art, so as to perform targeted cooling on the powder materials with easy moisture absorption and easy deterioration, improve the operational reliability of the cooling technology, and reduce the operational cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that the existing cooling technology is not suitable for powder materials with small particle size, easy moisture absorption or easy deterioration and poor fluidity, and further does not have engineering feasibility, the invention aims to provide a powder material cooling system and a cooling process thereof, which aim to utilize a small amount of gas to carry high-temperature powder materials to flow so as to fully exchange heat of solid powder materials in a state similar to high-speed fluid, so that the heat transfer is mainly convective heat transfer, and the efficiency is greatly improved compared with the heat transfer of powder materials of powder flow heat exchange, rotary type heat exchange and disc type heat exchange; particularly for powder with the particle size of less than 30 mu m, a stable fluidized bed layer is not easy to form, the air flow speed controlled by the cooling system is greater than the carrying-out speed of all particles, gas-solid two phases do not need to form a stable bed layer with clear limits, the cooling operation can be completed only by ensuring that the gas-solid two phases can flow out from the top through the heat exchange tube, the control requirement is low, the reliability of the cooling technology can be obviously improved, the operation cost is reduced, and the economic benefit of an enterprise is obviously improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a powder material cooling system comprises a circulating fan, a powder fluidization cooler, a cyclone separator, a bag-type dust collector and a powder conveyor; the powder fluidization cooler is vertically installed, a powder material inlet is formed in the lower end of the powder fluidization cooler, a top outlet of the powder fluidization cooler is communicated with an inlet of the cyclone separator, and a bottom gas inlet of the powder fluidization cooler is connected with an outlet of the circulating fan, so that gas-solid two phases flow out of the top outlet of the powder fluidization cooler and then enter the cyclone separator; the bottom of the cyclone separator is a cooled product material discharge port, the top of the cyclone separator is a tail gas outlet, and the tail gas outlet at the top of the cyclone separator is connected with the bag-type dust collector; the bag-type dust collector is connected to the inlet of the circulating fan, so that gas collected by the bag-type dust collector is recycled as fluidizing gas; powder conveyors are arranged at the bottoms of the cyclone separator and the bag-type dust collector, so that the product materials discharged from the bottoms of the cyclone separator and the bag-type dust collector are conveyed out through the powder conveyors.
According to the technical scheme, the powder can be fluidized only by a small amount of gas, the carrier gas is recycled, dry air or inert gases such as nitrogen and the like can be selected in a targeted manner for powder materials which are easy to absorb moisture and deteriorate, and compared with a traditional fluidized bed cooler, the gas circulation amount is greatly reduced; under normal operating conditions, only a very small amount of gas needs to be supplemented or discharged for balancing the system pressure; for powder with the particle size of less than 30 mu m, a stable fluidized bed layer is not easy to form, the air flow speed controlled by the cooling system in the technical scheme is greater than the carrying-out speed of all particles, gas-solid two phases do not need to form a stable bed layer with a clear limit, the cooling operation can be completed only by ensuring that the gas-solid two phases flow out from the top through the heat exchange tube, the control requirement is low, the control is easy, and the technical problem that the cooling effect of powder materials with small particle size, easy moisture absorption or easy deterioration and poor liquidity is poor can be effectively solved.
Optionally, the powder fluidization cooler comprises a fluidization chamber and a shell-and-tube heat exchange section located above the fluidization chamber, the powder material inlet is communicated with the fluidization chamber, a tube side of the shell-and-tube heat exchange section is a gas-solid two-phase flow passage, and a shell side of the shell-and-tube heat exchange section is a cooling medium flow passage.
Optionally, an air distribution plate is arranged at the bottom of the fluidization chamber, and a bottom gas inlet of the powder fluidization cooler is located right below the air distribution plate, so that gas output by the circulating fan uniformly enters the fluidization chamber.
Optionally, the air distribution plate is at least one of a double-layer mesh type air distribution plate, a hood type air distribution plate or a gill-hole type air distribution plate.
In the above technical scheme, the powder fluidization cooler is a core device of the cooling system, wherein the air distribution plate can select a double-layer sieve-hole type air distribution plate, an air cap type air distribution plate or a gill-hole type air distribution plate and the like according to the properties of the powder material, and has two main functions: (a) the air distribution plate can bear the weight of materials during blanking, and prevents the materials from falling into the air inlet pipe to cause pipeline blockage; (b) the air distribution plate can make the gas uniformly enter the fluidization chamber, thus being beneficial to uniform distribution and sufficient heat exchange of the powder material entering the shell-and-tube heat exchange section. The working principle of the powder fluidization cooler is as follows: the upper part of the air distribution plate of the powder fluidization cooler is a fluidization chamber which can effectively provide a fluidization bed space and play a role in increasing the retention time and dispersing materials; the shell-and-tube heat exchange section above the fluidization chamber is a heat exchange tube plate which is used as a flow channel; after entering a fluidization chamber of a powder fluidization cooler, the solid powder is fluidized by a small amount of air or inert gas and distributed to enter a tube pass of a heat exchanger, the powder flows upwards in the heat exchange tube under the action of gas phase drag force, and heat is fully exchanged between the powder and carrier gas, between the carrier gas and the tube wall and between the powder and the tube wall; the purpose of gas fluidization is to ensure that solid powder has the similar property with fluid, the density of the whole gas-solid mixed phase is uniform, and the gas-solid mixed phase is conveniently and uniformly conveyed into each heat exchange tube, so that the gas-solid mixed phase has better cooling effect on different types of powder materials; in the technical scheme, the flow rate of the cooling medium in the powder fluidization cooler is controlled by the temperature of the gas-solid two-phase outlet.
Optionally, the cooling medium in the shell side is at least one of air, water, heat transfer oil, octane or heptane; if water is used, hot water or steam can be produced as a byproduct; and the flow direction of the cooling medium in the shell pass is opposite to that of the gas-solid two phases in the tube pass. The shell-and-tube heat exchange section structure enables cold and hot media to be operated in a pure countercurrent mode, and shell-side cooling media can be flexibly selected according to an energy recovery mode.
Optionally, the shell-and-tube heat exchange section comprises a heat exchange tube, a heat exchange tube plate, a heat exchanger shell and an end enclosure structure positioned at the top of the heat exchanger shell, the heat exchange tube plate is installed at the upper end and the lower end of the heat exchange tube shell, a plurality of round holes are correspondingly and uniformly distributed on the heat exchange tube plate at the upper end and the lower end, a heat exchange tube communicating the fluidization chamber and the end enclosure structure is fixed in each round hole, and the heat exchange tube is a straight tube type heat exchange tube, a corrugated tube type heat exchange tube or a; the top outlet is arranged at the top of the end enclosure structure, and the end enclosure structure and the heat exchange tube shell are connected by flanges or welded, so that gas and solid phases in the fluidization chamber enter the end enclosure structure through the heat exchange tube and flow out from the top outlet positioned at the top of the end enclosure structure.
Optionally, an expansion joint is arranged on the shell pass of the shell-and-tube heat exchange section according to the temperature of the powder material, so as to eliminate the temperature difference stress generated when the tube pass temperature is higher than the shell pass temperature.
Optionally, an air make-up line is provided at the circulator blower inlet, the air make-up line being configured to provide make-up air when the circulating air pressure is below a set value to stabilize the system pressure.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a cooling process of the powder material cooling system, which comprises the following steps of:
step one, opening an air supplement valve on an air supplement pipeline, and opening a circulating fan to replace air in a cooling system; in the process, the circulating fan operates under low load;
opening a feeding valve of a powder material inlet, and enabling the powder material to enter a fluidization chamber of a powder fluidization cooler to form a stable fluidization state, so that the powder material is uniformly distributed above an air distribution plate;
step three, increasing the flow of a circulating fan, simultaneously increasing the feeding amount of powder materials, uniformly feeding the powder materials into a tube pass of a shell-and-tube heat exchange section under the drive of carrier gas, and flowing towards an outlet at the top of a powder fluidization cooler to perform sufficient heat exchange; the gas-solid two phases flow out from the top of the powder fluidization cooler and enter a cyclone separator for separation; wherein the powder material with larger particles is discharged from the bottom of the cyclone separator, and the powder material with smaller particles enters the bag-type dust collector along with the gas;
and step four, the bag type dust collector performs automatic back blowing dust cleaning under the control of pressure, gas after the ultrafine powder is removed in the bag type dust collector enters an inlet of a circulating fan for recycling, and product materials are conveyed out through a powder conveyor after the bottoms of the cyclone separator and the bag type dust collector are cooled.
Preferably, in the third step, the flow rate of the cooling medium of the powder fluidization cooling shell side and the temperature of the powder outlet are a regulating loop, and the opening of an inlet valve of the cooling medium is regulated by detecting the temperature of the tail gas of the cyclone separator, so that the discharging temperature of the powder material cooled by the powder fluidization cooler is controlled; in the technical scheme, gas and powder have fully exchanged heat in the process of flowing through the shell-and-tube heat exchange section of the powder fluidization cooler, the discharging temperature of the powder can be accurately controlled only by measuring the tail gas temperature of the cyclone separator and adjusting the opening of the inlet valve of the cooling medium, and the control loop is simple and has high reliability.
As described above, the present invention has at least the following advantages over the prior art:
1. the invention provides a powder material cooling system with more reliable engineering practicability aiming at powder materials with small particle size, easy moisture absorption or easy deterioration and poor liquidity, which skillfully combines a fluidization technology and a heat exchanger technology, utilizes a small amount of gas to carry high-temperature powder materials to flow, ensures that solid powder materials are in a state similar to high-speed fluid to carry out sufficient heat exchange, ensures that the heat transfer is mainly convection heat transfer, greatly improves the heat exchange efficiency compared with the heat transfer of powder materials of powder flow heat exchange, rotary type heat exchange and disc type heat exchange, and can obviously improve the cooling effect of the powder materials.
2. Aiming at the powder with the particle size of less than 30 mu m, the traditional cooling technology is not easy to form a stable fluidized bed layer; the air flow speed controlled by the cooling system is higher than the carrying-out speed of all particles, the gas-solid two phases do not need to form a stable bed layer with clear limits, the cooling operation can be completed only by ensuring that the gas-solid two phases flow out from the top through the heat exchange tube, the control requirement is low, and the reliability of the implementation and the operation of the cooling technology can be obviously improved.
3. The powder fluidization cooler is core equipment of the technology, a fluidization chamber with an air distribution plate structure is arranged under a tube plate of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, fluidization carrier gas and high-temperature powder are fully mixed and are conveniently and uniformly conveyed to each heat exchange tube, the air distribution plate can uniformly distribute the carrier gas, and the powder, the carrier gas and the tube wall are subjected to full heat exchange, so that the powder fluidization cooler has a good cooling effect on different types of powder materials.
4. The invention can effectively reduce the operation cost and obviously improve the economic benefit of enterprises; the main embodiment is as follows: firstly, in indirect heat exchange, a powder flow heat exchanger is a relatively common powder cooling technology, but is not applicable to powder with fine particles and poor flowability because the powder is easy to bridge and block; by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the particles can be driven to flow by using a very small amount of dry air, and the fluidizing gas can be recycled, so that the gas consumption is greatly reduced, and the operating cost is reduced; secondly, inert gases such as nitrogen or argon are needed for cooling metal particles and flammable and explosive powder, and the cost of the gases is several times or even dozens of times of that of dry air, so that the cost advantage is more remarkable for powder materials needing to be protected by the inert gases; thirdly, the cooling system adopts indirect heat exchange and countercurrent operation, so that the heat of the powder material can be transferred to the cooling medium of the shell pass to be recycled, and the heat can be recovered by adopting water, octane, heptane, heat-conducting oil and the like according to the purpose of energy recovery.
5. The cooling system is easy to be enlarged, and for the traditional powder flow heat exchanger, because the gravity self-flow is adopted, the heat of the powder is mainly transferred to the wall surface in a heat conduction mode, the total heat transfer coefficient is low, the processing capacity of a single heat exchanger is small, the height of the equipment is as high as 8-15 meters, and at least 4-6 powder flow heat exchangers are needed for processing 50 tons of materials in one hour. The cooler of the system is a shell-and-tube powder fluidization cooler, the heat of the powder is mainly transferred to the wall surface of the heat exchange tube in a convection mode, the heat transfer coefficient is high, the heat exchange area only needs 50-300 square meters (according to different heat transfer temperature differences), the load requirement can be met by a single set, the occupied area is small, and the system configuration is simple; can obviously improve the economic benefit of enterprises.
6. The invention is beneficial to environmental protection, and the cooling system is environment-friendly because the carrier gas is recycled and is discharged a little under the condition of overpressure, and no waste gas is discharged under the normal operation working condition, thereby greatly reducing the dust-containing waste gas compared with the direct cooling of air; according to the calculation that the discharged dust contains 30mg/Nm3 dust, compared with the direct contact cooling of fluidized bed gas, the system reduces the dust discharge by 87.12 tons in one year and also reduces the product loss by 87.12 tons; can obviously improve the economic benefit of enterprises.
7. The cooling process is simple to operate, has good practicability in practice, can effectively and accurately control the discharge temperature of the powder by measuring the tail gas temperature of the cyclone separator and adjusting the opening of the inlet valve of the cooling medium, has a simple control loop and high reliability, has good engineering implementation and is suitable for popularization and application.
Drawings
The invention will be described by way of specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a powder material cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a powder fluidization cooler in an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-a circulating fan; 2-powder fluidization cooler; 21-bottom gas inlet; 22-powder material inlet; 23-cooling medium inlet; 24-a cooling medium outlet; 25-outlet at the top of the powder fluidization cooler; 26-air distribution plate; 27-a fluidization chamber; 28-shell and tube heat exchange section; 29-an expansion joint; 3-a cyclone separator; 4-bag dust collector; 5-a powder conveyor I; 6-powder conveyor II.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Example one
The embodiment is basically as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2: the embodiment provides a powder material cooling system, which can be used in the fields of chemical engineering, inorganic salt industry, production of metal oxides and metal powder and the like, and is used for solving the problem that the existing cooling technology has no engineering feasibility due to poor cooling effect and inapplicability of powder materials with small particle size, easy moisture absorption or easy deterioration and poor fluidity; specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the cooling system includes a circulating fan 1, a powder fluidization cooler, a cyclone separator 3, a bag-type dust collector, and a powder conveyor; the powder fluidization cooler is vertically installed, a powder material inlet 22 is formed in the lower end of the powder fluidization cooler, a top outlet 25 of the powder fluidization cooler is communicated with an inlet of the cyclone separator 3, and a bottom gas inlet 21 of the powder fluidization cooler is connected with an outlet of the circulating fan 1, so that gas-solid two phases flow out of the top outlet 25 of the powder fluidization cooler and then enter the cyclone separator 3; the bottom of the cyclone separator 3 is a cooled product material discharge port, the top of the cyclone separator 3 is a tail gas outlet, and the tail gas outlet at the top of the cyclone separator 3 is connected with a bag-type dust collector; the bag-type dust collector is connected to the inlet of a circulating fan 1 after collecting and super-subdividing, so that the gas collected by the bag-type dust collector is recycled as fluidizing gas; therefore, in the present embodiment, the bottom gas inlet 21 of the powder fluidization cooler is a circulating air inlet, and the top outlet 25 of the powder fluidization cooler is a circulating air outlet; the bottom of the cyclone separator 3 is provided with a first powder conveyor 5, and the bottom of the bag-type dust collector is provided with a second powder conveyor 6, so that cooled product materials output from discharge ports at the bottoms of the cyclone separator 3 and the bag-type dust collector are respectively conveyed out through the first powder conveyor 5 and the second powder conveyor 6.
As shown in fig. 2, the powder fluidization cooler provided in this embodiment is a core device of the cooling system of this embodiment, and includes a fluidization chamber 27 installed in a cooler housing and a shell-and-tube heat exchange section 28 located above the fluidization chamber 27, specifically, the shell-and-tube heat exchange section 28 includes a heat exchange tube, a heat exchange tube plate, a heat exchanger housing and an end enclosure structure located at the top of the heat exchanger housing, the heat exchange tube plate is installed at the upper end and the lower end of the heat exchange tube housing, and a plurality of circular holes are correspondingly and uniformly distributed on the heat exchange tube plate at the upper end and the lower end of the heat exchange tube housing, and a heat exchange tube communicating; the top outlet 25 of the cooler is arranged at the top of the head structure, and the head structure is connected with the heat exchange tube shell by a flange or welded, so that gas-solid two phases in the fluidization chamber enter the head structure through the heat exchange tube and flow out from the top outlet 25 at the top of the head structure; the powder material inlet 22 is communicated with the fluidization chamber 27, the tube side of the shell-and-tube heat exchange section 28 is a gas-solid two-phase flow channel, and the shell side of the shell-and-tube heat exchange section 28 is a cooling medium flow channel; the bottom of the fluidization chamber 27 is provided with an air distribution plate 26, the bottom gas inlet 21 of the powder fluidization cooler is positioned right below the air distribution plate 26, so that the gas output by the circulating fan 1 uniformly enters the fluidization chamber 27, and the air distribution plate 26 can select one of a double-layer sieve-hole air distribution plate 26, a hood-type air distribution plate 26 or a gill-hole air distribution plate 26 according to the properties of the powder material; it has two main roles: (a) the air distribution plate 26 can bear the weight of materials when the materials are dropped, and the materials are prevented from falling into the air inlet pipe to cause pipeline blockage; (b) the air distribution plate 26 can make the gas uniformly enter the fluidization chamber 27; thus being beneficial to the uniform distribution and the sufficient heat exchange of the powder material entering the shell-and-tube heat exchange section 28.
The working principle of the powder fluidization cooler is as follows: the upper part of the air distribution plate 26 of the powder fluidization cooler is a fluidization chamber 27 which can effectively provide a fluidization bed space and has the functions of increasing the retention time and dispersing materials; while the heat exchange tubes in the shell-and-tube heat exchange section 28 above the fluidization chamber 27 serve as flow channels; after entering a fluidization chamber of a powder fluidization cooler, the solid powder is fluidized by a small amount of air or inert gas and distributed to enter a tube pass of a heat exchanger, the powder flows upwards in the heat exchange tube under the action of gas phase drag force, and heat is fully exchanged between the powder and carrier gas, between the carrier gas and the tube wall and between the powder and the tube wall; the purpose of gas fluidization is to ensure that solid powder has the similar property with fluid, the density of the whole gas-solid mixed phase is uniform, and the gas-solid mixed phase is conveniently and uniformly conveyed into each heat exchange tube, so that the gas-solid mixed phase has better cooling effect on different types of powder materials; in the technical scheme, the flow rate of the cooling medium in the powder fluidization cooler is controlled by the temperature of the gas-solid two-phase outlet.
In this embodiment, the cooling medium inlet 23 in the shell-and-tube heat exchange section 28 is located on the left side of the upper end of the heat exchanger shell of the shell-and-tube heat exchange section 28, and the cooling medium outlet 24 in the shell-and-tube heat exchange section 28 is located on the right side of the lower end of the heat exchanger shell of the shell-and-tube heat exchange section 28; the cooling medium in the shell side is at least one of air, water, heat transfer oil, octane or heptane; if water is used, hot water or steam can be produced as a byproduct; in addition, in the embodiment, the flowing directions of the cooling medium in the shell pass and the gas-solid two phases in the tube pass are preferably opposite, so that the shell-and-tube heat exchange section 28 structure enables the cold and hot media to be operated in a pure countercurrent mode, and the shell-and-tube cooling medium can be flexibly selected according to the energy recovery mode; in this embodiment, the shell pass of the shell-and-tube heat exchange section 28 is provided with an expansion joint 29 according to the temperature of the powder material, so as to eliminate the temperature difference stress generated by the tube pass temperature being higher than the shell pass temperature.
An air supplement pipeline is arranged at the inlet of the circulating fan 1, and is configured to supplement air when the pressure of the circulating air is lower than a set value so as to stabilize the pressure of the system; therefore, in the embodiment, only a small amount of gas is needed for fluidization, and the carrier gas is recycled, so that dry air or inert gas such as nitrogen can be selected in a targeted manner for powder materials which are easy to absorb moisture and deteriorate, and compared with a traditional fluidized bed cooler, the gas circulation amount is greatly reduced; under normal operating conditions, only a very small amount of gas needs to be supplemented or discharged for balancing the system pressure; aiming at the technical problem that powder with the particle size of less than 30 mu m is difficult to form a stable fluidized bed layer, the cooling system of the embodiment skillfully controls the air flow speed to be greater than the carrying-out speed of all particles, and gas-solid two phases do not need to form a well-defined stable bed layer, so that the cooling operation can be completed only by ensuring that the gas-solid two phases flow out from the top through the heat exchange tube, the control requirement is low, and the cooling difficulty of powder materials with small particle sizes is remarkably reduced.
The specific implementation manner of this embodiment is:
1. and (3) cooling: high-temperature gas enters a fluidization chamber 27 of the powder fluidization cooler from a powder material inlet 22, circulating gas uniformly enters a fluidization strong chamber from a gas inlet 21 at the bottom of the powder fluidization cooler through an air distribution plate 26, and the material is dispersed and uniformly enters a heat exchange section tube pass of the powder fluidization cooler; meanwhile, a cooling medium enters the shell pass of the shell-and-tube heat exchange section 28 from a cooling medium inlet 23 at the upper end of the powder fluidization cooler, the circulating fan 1 enables the solid powder to be in a state similar to high-speed fluid, sufficient heat exchange is carried out among the powder, carrier gas and the tube wall, the gas and the powder have sufficient heat exchange in the process of flowing through the shell-and-tube heat exchange section 28, and the temperature of tail gas is close to the temperature of the powder; the discharging temperature of the powder can be accurately controlled only by measuring the opening of the inlet valve of the tail gas temperature adjusting cooling medium of the cyclone separator 3, and the control loop is simple.
2. And (3) a separation process: gas and powder flow out from an outlet 25 at the top of the powder fluidization cooler and enter a cyclone separator 3, most of the powder flows out from a discharge port at the bottom of the cyclone separator 3, and a small part of the powder flows out along with the gas phase and enters a bag-type dust remover, the ultrafine powder is removed from the bag-type dust remover and then enters an inlet of a circulating fan 1 as fluidization gas, and an air supplementing pipeline is arranged at the inlet of the circulating fan 1 and can be used for stabilizing the pressure of the system; therefore, the fluidizing gas can be recycled, the gas consumption is greatly reduced, and a small amount of gas lost due to leakage is automatically supplemented through the pressure regulation gas supplementing valve.
3. And (3) an output process: and conveying the cooled product materials discharged from the bottom of the cyclone separator 3 and the bottom of the bag-type dust remover to a finished product bin by using a powder conveyor arranged at the bottom of the cyclone separator 3 and the bottom of the bag-type dust remover.
Therefore, the embodiment skillfully combines the fluidization technology with the heat exchanger technology, utilizes a small amount of gas to carry high-temperature powder materials to flow, ensures that the solid powder materials are in a state similar to high-speed fluid to carry out sufficient heat exchange, and after entering a fluidization chamber of the powder fluidization cooler, the solid powder materials are fluidized by a small amount of air or inert gas and distributed into a tube pass of the heat exchanger, wherein the purpose of fluidization is to ensure that the solid powder materials have the property similar to the fluid, the density of the whole gas-solid mixed phase is uniform, and uniform transportation is convenientThe powder material is sent into each heat exchange tube, so that a better cooling effect is achieved for the powder material which has small particle size, is easy to absorb moisture or deteriorate and has poor liquidity, and the economic benefit of an enterprise can be obviously improved; in the embodiment, the calcined carbide slag which is easy to absorb moisture and deteriorate is taken as an example for producing the active calcium oxide, the temperature of the calcined calcium oxide is about 700 ℃, and the calcium oxide can be packaged and transported only by cooling to about 80 ℃; taking a chlor-alkali plant with 40 ten thousand tons/year PVC as an example, the amount of active calcium oxide to be cooled is up to 50 tons/hour, and the heat load of cooling is up to 28210000kJ/hr (7836 kW). If direct cooling with drying air is used, since direct cooling is co-current heat transfer, the outlet for drying air is slightly lower than the outlet temperature of the material, calculated with drying air at 20 ℃ and outlet temperature at 80 ℃, which would consume 363000Nm3The method comprises the following steps of (1)/hr dry air (the conversion is 13794kg standard oil, the conversion standard adopts GB/T50441-2016, the same below), wherein the dry air is used as a fluidizing medium and a heat exchange medium, the temperature of the dry air is increased after cooling, and if the dry air is recycled, a huge bag type dust collector and a heat exchanger are needed, so that the operation cost is high; if circulating water is used for cooling, 670m is consumed3The operation cost of using the circulating water is greatly reduced, so that the cooling can be carried out by considering the indirect heat exchange mode through the analysis of the inventor of the present disclosure; the technical problem that the process for producing the active calcium oxide by calcining the carbide slag has no feasibility due to energy consumption of the process can be effectively avoided by adopting dry air for direct cooling.
In indirect heat exchange, the existing cooler is not suitable for powder materials with fine particles and poor fluidity because the bridging blockage is easy to occur; the cooling system of this embodiment can drive the particles to flow by using only a very small amount of dry air, for example, cooling 50 tons/hour of powder by only 4000-3The air is dried for/hr, and because the air is only a fluidizing medium, heat is transferred to circulating water in a heat exchange section of the cooler, and the air can be recycled only by dedusting. The cooling system only has one energy consumption device of the circulating fan 1, the actual operation cost only has the electric energy consumed by the circulating fan 1, the motor power is about 10kw, namely only 10kwh/hr (converted into 2.2kg standard oil) of electric energy is consumed,the running cost is extremely low.
Especially to metal particulate matter, inflammable and explosive powder cooling, then need use inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas, the cost of these gas is several times even tens times of dry air, consequently to the powder material that needs use inert gas to carry out the protection, above-mentioned cost advantage is showing more, and the cooling system that this embodiment provided all can reach better cooling effect to some powder materials that the particle diameter is little, easy moisture absorption or easy deterioration, mobility are poor from this, and can show and promote enterprise economic benefits.
Example two
On the other hand, this embodiment still provides a cooling process of powder material cooling system, utilizes above-mentioned powder material cooling system, specifically includes the step of driving and the step of stopping:
a driving step:
step one, opening an air supplement valve on an air supplement pipeline, and opening a circulating fan 1 to replace air in a cooling system; in the process, the circulating fan 1 is operated under low load;
step two, opening a feeding valve of the powder material inlet 22, and enabling the powder material to enter a fluidization chamber 27 of the powder fluidization cooler to form a stable fluidization state, so that the powder material is uniformly distributed above the air distribution plate 26;
increasing the flow of the circulating fan 1, increasing the feeding amount of powder materials, uniformly feeding the powder into a tube pass of a tube-shell type heat exchange section 28 under the drive of carrier gas, and flowing towards an outlet 25 at the top of the powder fluidization cooler to perform sufficient heat exchange; the gas-solid phase flows out from the top of the powder fluidization cooler and enters a cyclone separator 3 for separation; wherein the powder material with larger particles is discharged from the bottom of the cyclone separator 3, and the powder material with smaller particles enters the bag-type dust collector along with the gas; and the flow of the cooling medium of the shell side of the powder fluidization cooling and the temperature of the powder outlet are a regulating loop, and the opening of an inlet valve of the cooling medium is regulated by detecting the temperature of the tail gas of the cyclone separator 3, so that the discharging temperature of the powder material cooled by the powder fluidization cooler is controlled.
And step four, the bag type dust collector performs automatic back blowing dust cleaning under the control of pressure, gas after the ultrafine powder is removed in the bag type dust collector enters an inlet of a circulating fan 1 for recycling, and product materials are conveyed out through a powder conveyor after the cyclone separator 3 and the bottom of the bag type dust collector are cooled.
Parking: firstly, a feeding valve of the powder material inlet 22 is closed, the circulation fan 1 is kept to circulate continuously, all solid powder in the fluidization chamber 27 in the powder fluidization cooler is ensured to be taken out of the cooler, and the circulation fan 1 is gradually stopped after no solid is discharged from the bottom of the cyclone separator 3 and the bottom of the bag type dust collector, so that the blockage of the solid powder in the cooler can be effectively avoided.
As a preferred scheme of this embodiment, the cooling process of the powder material cooling system provided in this embodiment further has a protection interlocking measure, which is specifically embodied as: (a) when the temperature of the material discharged from the top outlet 25 of the powder fluidization cooler exceeds an interlocking value, the powder feeding valve is cut off in an interlocking way; (b) the powder feeding valve is cut off in an interlocking way when the fan fails or stops; (c) the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the powder fluidization cooler exceeds an interlocking value, and the powder feeding valve is cut off in an interlocking way.
In conclusion, the cooling process of the embodiment is simple to operate, has good practicability in practice, can effectively and accurately control the discharge temperature of the powder by measuring the opening degree of the inlet valve of the tail gas temperature adjusting cooling medium of the cyclone separator 3, has a simple control loop and high reliability, has good engineering implementation performance, and is suitable for popularization and application.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a powder material cooling system which characterized in that: comprises a circulating fan, a powder fluidization cooler, a cyclone separator, a bag-type dust collector and a powder conveyor; the powder fluidization cooler is vertically installed, a powder material inlet is formed in the lower end of the powder fluidization cooler, a top outlet of the powder fluidization cooler is communicated with an inlet of the cyclone separator, and a bottom gas inlet of the powder fluidization cooler is connected with an outlet of the circulating fan, so that gas-solid two phases flow out of the top outlet of the powder fluidization cooler and then enter the cyclone separator; the bottom of the cyclone separator is a cooled product material discharge port, the top of the cyclone separator is a tail gas outlet, and the tail gas outlet at the top of the cyclone separator is connected with the bag-type dust collector; the bag-type dust collector is connected to the inlet of the circulating fan, so that gas collected by the bag-type dust collector is recycled as fluidizing gas; powder conveyors are arranged at the bottoms of the cyclone separator and the bag-type dust collector, so that the product materials discharged from the bottoms of the cyclone separator and the bag-type dust collector are conveyed out through the powder conveyors.
2. The powder material cooling system of claim 1, wherein: the powder fluidization cooler comprises a fluidization chamber and a shell-and-tube heat exchange section positioned above the fluidization chamber, the powder material inlet is communicated with the fluidization chamber, the tube side of the shell-and-tube heat exchange section is a gas-solid two-phase flow passage, and the shell side of the shell-and-tube heat exchange section is a cooling medium flow passage.
3. The powder material cooling system of claim 2, wherein: and an air distribution plate is arranged at the bottom of the fluidization cavity, and a bottom gas inlet of the powder fluidization cooler is positioned right below the air distribution plate, so that gas output by the circulating fan uniformly enters the fluidization cavity.
4. The powder material cooling system of claim 3, wherein: the air distribution plate is at least one of a double-layer sieve hole type air distribution plate, an air cap type air distribution plate or a gill hole type air distribution plate.
5. The powder material cooling system of claim 2, wherein: the cooling medium in the shell side is at least one of air, water, heat transfer oil, octane or heptane; and the flow direction of the cooling medium in the shell pass is opposite to that of the gas-solid two phases in the tube pass.
6. The powder material cooling system of claim 2, wherein: the shell-and-tube heat exchange section comprises a heat exchange tube, a heat exchange tube plate, a heat exchanger shell and an end enclosure structure positioned at the top of the heat exchanger shell, wherein the heat exchange tube plate is arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the heat exchange tube shell, a plurality of round holes are uniformly distributed in the heat exchange tube plate at the upper end and the lower end, a heat exchange tube communicated with the fluidization cavity and the end enclosure structure is fixed in each round hole, the heat exchange tube is a straight tube type heat exchange tube, a corrugated tube type heat exchange tube or a spiral tube type heat exchange tube, a top outlet is formed in the top of the end enclosure structure, the end enclosure structure is connected with the heat exchange tube shell in a flange mode or welded mode, and therefore gas and solid in the fluidization.
7. The powder material cooling system of claim 6, wherein: the shell pass of the shell-and-tube heat exchange section is provided with an expansion joint according to the temperature of the powder material, so that the temperature difference stress generated because the temperature of the tube pass is higher than that of the shell pass is eliminated.
8. The powder material cooling system of claim 1, wherein: an air make-up line is provided at the circulator blower inlet, the air make-up line being configured to make-up air when the circulating air pressure is below a set value.
9. A cooling process of a powder material cooling system is characterized in that: the powder material cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
step one, opening an air supplement valve on an air supplement pipeline, and opening a circulating fan to replace air in a cooling system;
opening a feeding valve of a powder material inlet, and enabling the powder material to enter a fluidization chamber of a powder fluidization cooler to form a stable fluidization state, so that the powder material is uniformly distributed above an air distribution plate;
step three, increasing the flow of a circulating fan, simultaneously increasing the feeding amount of powder materials, uniformly feeding the powder materials into a tube pass of a shell-and-tube heat exchange section under the drive of carrier gas, and flowing towards an outlet at the top of a powder fluidization cooler to perform sufficient heat exchange; the gas-solid two phases flow out from the top of the powder fluidization cooler and enter a cyclone separator for separation;
and step four, the bag type dust collector performs automatic back blowing dust cleaning under the control of pressure, gas after the ultrafine powder is removed in the bag type dust collector enters an inlet of a circulating fan for recycling, and product materials are conveyed out through a powder conveyor after the bottoms of the cyclone separator and the bag type dust collector are cooled.
10. The cooling process of the powder material cooling system according to claim 9, characterized in that: in the third step, the flow of the cooling medium of the shell side of the powder fluidization cooling and the temperature of the powder outlet are a regulating loop, and the opening of an inlet valve of the cooling medium is regulated by detecting the temperature of the tail gas of the cyclone separator, so that the discharging temperature of the powder material cooled by the powder fluidization cooler is controlled.
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| CN112229252A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-01-15 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | High-temperature powder material fluidization cooling device |
| CN113932618A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-01-14 | 江苏集萃冶金技术研究院有限公司 | High-temperature smoke powder fluidization cooling tower based on slag self-cleaning |
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