CN111397380B - Material distribution system of flash smelting equipment, control system thereof and expert control strategy - Google Patents

Material distribution system of flash smelting equipment, control system thereof and expert control strategy Download PDF

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CN111397380B
CN111397380B CN202010200297.1A CN202010200297A CN111397380B CN 111397380 B CN111397380 B CN 111397380B CN 202010200297 A CN202010200297 A CN 202010200297A CN 111397380 B CN111397380 B CN 111397380B
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transmission shaft
main transmission
material distribution
driving unit
bearing device
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CN111397380A (en
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潘岩
郭徽
鄢锋
柏韬
唐朝晖
杨静雅
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CINF Engineering Corp Ltd
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CINF Engineering Corp Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
    • C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/166—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being a treatment gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/168—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge through a lance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F27D2019/0096—Arrangements of controlling devices involving simulation means, e.g. of the treating or charging step
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
    • F27M2001/00—Composition, conformation or state of the charge
    • F27M2001/01—Charges containing mainly non-ferrous metals
    • F27M2001/017—Lead
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
    • F27M2003/00—Type of treatment of the charge
    • F27M2003/13—Smelting

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a material distribution system of flash smelting equipment, a control system and an expert control strategy thereof, wherein the material distribution system comprises a mechanical motion and power driving unit; the mechanical motion unit comprises an inner pipe, an outer pipe, a main transmission shaft, a tension bearing device and a material distribution disc; the inner pipe and the outer pipe are concentrically sleeved and extend into the hearth, process air flows through the inner pipe, and materials flow through a cavity between the inner pipe and the outer pipe; the main transmission shaft is positioned at the axial center of the inner pipe, the tension bearing device is connected to the main transmission shaft, and the tail part of the material distribution disc is hinged to the lower end of the main transmission shaft, and a pull rod is hinged between the side wall and the tension bearing device; the power driving unit comprises a horizontal movement driving unit and a vertical movement driving unit, the horizontal movement driving unit is connected with the main transmission shaft to realize the rotary movement of the horizontal movement driving unit, the vertical movement unit is connected with the tension bearing device to realize the up-and-down sliding of the vertical movement unit along the main transmission shaft, and the tension bearing device upwards pulls or downwards pushes the material distribution disc through the pull rod, so that the pitching angle of the material distribution disc in the horizontal direction is changed while the material distribution disc rotates along with the main transmission shaft.

Description

Material distribution system of flash smelting equipment, control system thereof and expert control strategy
Technical Field
The invention relates to metal flash smelting equipment, in particular to a material distribution system of the flash smelting equipment, a control system of the material distribution system and an expert control strategy of the material distribution system.
Background
In the flash smelting process of the metal lead, the uniform distribution of coke particles on the surface of molten slag plays an important role in the operation quality of the system. Before materials participate in the reaction, the total amount of coke particles is proportioned quantitatively, namely once the materials are distributed unevenly, the situation that a local coke filtering layer is too thin or even a melt is exposed can be caused, so that part of lead oxide enters slag without being reduced, and energy waste and metal resource loss are caused; the cone formed by the uneven dispersion limits the reduction of coke particles and also causes waste of resources. In order to uniformly disperse the materials sprayed into the furnace as much as possible, the flash furnace for lead smelting is changed from a single spray head to a plurality of spray heads and then to a single spray head with large caliber; the sprinkler structure is also upgraded by three generations, from the initial venturi type sprinkler to a static ring type central concentrate burner to the currently commonly used sleeve type central concentrate burner. The novel design has improved the material condition of scattering to a certain extent, but because the size and the quality of concentrate and coke granule differ greatly, under the application current technology condition, the material awl that the coke granule formed is still very obvious, 1:1 cold die experiment shows that the height of the vertex of the cone reaches 7 times of the thickness of the lowest position, and the multiplying power is inevitably increased continuously in the continuous production process.
In order to improve the material distribution condition, in recent years, researchers at home and abroad develop a large amount of theoretical research, technical development and engineering application work around the aspects of high-precision modeling, new mechanism development, flow field simulation and the like. Particularly, research on nozzle design has more achievements and patents, but most flash lead smelting equipment products in the current market are static devices, which means that when the operation working condition of a smelting system is superposed with a static working point assumed by a designed part, the system is in an optimal operation state, and the rest conditions can only be in suboptimal operation; although the current mainstream third generation nozzle designs the transverse dispersion wind which is intended to disperse materials, in order to make the materials spray smoothly, the diameter of the shuttle cone at the center of the nozzle can only be smaller than or equal to that of the inner side pipeline of the concentric sleeve, and the process wind at the outermost side forms a wind ring, so that the effect of the transverse dispersion wind is inevitably weakened, the forced increase of the fan load is also limited by equipment and energy consumption, and the overall operation effect is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a material distribution system capable of uniformly distributing metal flash smelting materials, a control system thereof and an expert control strategy.
The material distribution system of the flash smelting equipment comprises a mechanical movement unit and a power driving unit; the mechanical motion unit comprises an inner pipe, an outer pipe, a main transmission shaft, a tension bearing device and a material distribution disc; the inner pipe and the outer pipe are concentric and are sleeved with each other and extend into the hearth, wherein the inner pipe is a process air channel, and a cavity between the outer pipe and the inner pipe is a channel for materials to enter the hearth; the main transmission shaft is positioned at the axial center of the inner pipe, the tension bearing device can be connected to the main transmission shaft in a vertically sliding manner, the tail part of the material distribution disc is hinged to the lower end of the main transmission shaft, and a pull rod is hinged between the side wall of the material distribution disc and the tension bearing device; the power driving unit comprises a horizontal motion driving unit and a vertical motion driving unit, the horizontal motion driving unit is connected with the main transmission shaft to realize the rotary motion of the main transmission shaft, the vertical motion unit is connected with the tension bearing device to realize the up-and-down sliding of the tension bearing device along the main transmission shaft, and the tension bearing device upwards pulls or downwards pushes the cloth disc through the pull rod, so that the cloth disc rotates along with the main transmission shaft and simultaneously changes the pitching angle of the cloth disc in the horizontal direction.
In one embodiment of the above technical solution, the lower end of the inner tube extends out of the lower end of the outer tube; the cloth dish has a plurality ofly, follows the circumference equipartition of final drive shaft, the cross sectional shape of cloth dish is the L type, the afterbody on its level limit with articulated through dustproof hinge between the lower extreme of final drive shaft.
In one embodiment of the above technical solution, the tension bearing device includes a flange-type linear bearing, a high-strength wear-resistant ball, and an inverted U-shaped cover, the linear bearing is arranged with a flange at a lower end, an upper end of the linear bearing passes through a center of a top plate of the U-shaped cover, a bottom surface of the U-shaped cover is flush with a bottom surface of the flange of the linear bearing, and the high-strength wear-resistant ball is embedded between the flange of the linear bearing and the top plate of the U-shaped cover, so that the U-shaped cover can stably rotate.
In an embodiment of the above technical solution, the tensile bearing device further includes a conical air guide sleeve disposed at a lower end of the conical air guide sleeve, and the conical air guide sleeve is sleeved outside the linear bearing through an axial center hole, and the large diameter end is connected with an outer side of a top plate of the U-shaped cover, so that the air guide sleeve can rotate along with the U-shaped cover.
In one embodiment of the above technical solution, the upper end of the pull rod is hinged to the outer wall of the U-shaped cover, and the lower end of the pull rod is hinged to the position near the tail of the vertical edge of the cloth tray.
In an embodiment of the above technical solution, the horizontal movement driving unit includes an ac motor and a gear reducer, an output shaft of the ac motor is connected to an input shaft of the gear reducer through a coupling, and an output shaft of the gear reducer is connected to the main transmission shaft through a coupling.
In one embodiment of the above technical solution, the vertical motion driving unit includes a hydraulic rod and a sleeve, the sleeve is sleeved on the main transmission shaft, the lower end of the sleeve is connected with the upper end of the linear bearing, the upper end of the sleeve is connected with the hydraulic rod, and the hydraulic rod stretches and retracts to drive the linear bearing to slide up and down along the main transmission shaft through the sleeve.
The control system of the material distribution system comprises a PLC, an input/output clamping piece, a touch screen and a switch, wherein the fuzzy control logic is written in the PLC by applying ST language, the running condition of the system is remotely transmitted to an upper computer, and the remote/local, automatic/manual real-time switching is realized, wherein the PLC, the input/output clamping piece and the touch screen realize communication through the switch; the alternating current motor is connected with a frequency converter, the frequency converter and the hydraulic rod receive double instructions of the touch screen and the PLC, normal adjusting logic is stored in the PLC, manual instructions are given by the touch screen, and emergency stop instructions can be given by the touch screen after a highest-level password is input.
The expert control strategy of the control system provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1) determining the relationship between system variables
The change of the temperature field in the furnace is selected as a basis for representing the operation state of the system, the relationship between the operation quality of the system and the rotating speed of the high-temperature-resistant material distribution plate and the horizontal pitch angle, namely the adjustment amount, is established by taking the change as an intermediary, so that a closed-loop control system is formed, and a fuzzy control system based on expert experience is selected in the form of a controller.
And S2) aiming at the condition that the sizes of the raw material concentrate particles and the mixing uniformity of coke particles and concentrate in different batches are different, the two terms are converted, weighted and fed forward to the closed-loop control system in the step S1 on the basis of multiple experiments, and the closed-loop control system is used for compensating the external disturbance of the system caused by the characteristic change of the raw material.
In the expert control strategy, the step S1) includes:
s1.1) selecting seconds as a unit, calling historical data of a target flash lead smelting furnace before installing an optimized distribution system, selecting data of a furnace which meets ideal operation quality, arranging temperature records of a fixed thermocouple of the smelting furnace, and collecting flow and air supply pressure of materials entering a hearth at a corresponding moment;
s1.2) carrying out cold state simulation experiment
Using the flow and the pressure obtained in the step S1.1) as cold mold input conditions to obtain a material distribution condition corresponding to the temperature data;
s1.3) repeating the step S1.1) and the step S1.2) for multiple times to obtain multiple groups of material spreading relations corresponding to the system operation temperature, manually screening out the optimal matching relation and the adjusting direction of the temperature change and the material spreading to form multiple sets of relationship of 'If-Then', and converting the flow and the wind pressure of the selected working point into the rotating speed and the angle of a material tray to finish the design of the expert system;
the S2) comprises the following specific steps:
and (3) repeating the step (S1) for multiple times under the condition of the particle size of the concentrate and the mixing condition of the material and the coke respectively to obtain the optimal rotating speed and angle set value under the corresponding condition so as to correct the expert system obtained in the step (S1).
The main transmission shaft of the mechanical motion unit of the material distribution system is arranged at the axial center of the inner pipe, the main transmission shaft is connected with a tension bearing device in a sliding mode, a plurality of material distribution discs are hinged to the lower end of the main transmission shaft along the circumferential direction of the main transmission shaft, a pull rod is hinged between each material distribution disc and the tension device, and when the horizontal motion driving unit of the power driving unit enables the main transmission shaft to rotate, each material distribution disc rotates along with the main transmission shaft. Meanwhile, the vertical movement driving unit of the power driving unit enables the tension bearing device to slide up and down along the main transmission shaft, and the tension bearing device pulls the cloth disc upwards or pushes the cloth disc downwards through the pull rod to change the horizontal position of the cloth disc. The cloth disc changes the pitching angle of the cloth disc in the horizontal direction while rotating along with the main transmission shaft. The material distribution plate of the material distribution system rotates to enable the material particles to be subjected to centrifugal force, the pitching angle of the material distribution plate is changed while the material distribution plate rotates, the distribution track of the material particles is further optimized, and meanwhile, the gas flow field change generated by high-speed rotation also contributes to uniform distribution of the material. The inner pipe is used as a process air channel, the mechanical movement unit of the material distribution system is arranged in the inner pipe, the heat radiation of a hearth is small, the pressure in the pipe is greater than the pressure in the hearth, the mechanical corrosion and blockage caused by the backward flow of dust are effectively prevented, the service life of the core part of the equipment is long, and the loss cost is reduced compared with the conventional scheme. The control system controls the optimal rotating speed of the power driving unit and the optimal pitching angle of the material distribution disc. The expert control strategy matched with the control system can be independently designed according to the production conditions including the material particle size, the system production time and the like, and the pertinence is strong; the system control architecture can be directly transplanted for use, and the adaptability is good. The whole system integrates multiple layers such as a physical layer and a control layer, closed loop optimization is achieved, an interface is reserved for the future production of the novel transmitter, and a self-upgrading space is provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system schematic and control diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal enlarged schematic view of the tension bearing device of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view taken along line I-I in FIG. 2.
Figure 4-1 shows the results of the material distribution cold die test of the lead smelting flash furnace in the traditional scheme.
Figure 4-2 shows the result of the material distribution cold die test of the lead smelting flash furnace in the improved scheme.
FIG. 5-1 is a cloud chart of a material distribution cold die test of a lead smelting flash furnace in a traditional scheme.
Figure 5-2 is a cloud chart of a material distribution cold die test of a lead smelting flash furnace in a modified scheme.
Detailed Description
With reference to fig. 1 to 3, the material distribution system of the flash smelting equipment disclosed in this embodiment is used for smelting metallic lead, and includes a mechanical movement unit a and a power driving unit B.
The mechanical motion unit A comprises an inner tube A1, an outer tube A2, a main transmission shaft A3, a tension bearing device A4 and a cloth disc A5.
The inner tube A1 and the outer tube A2 are concentrically sleeved with each other and extend into the hearth, wherein the inner tube is a process air channel, and a cavity between the outer tube and the inner tube is a channel for materials to enter the hearth.
The main transmission shaft A3 penetrates through the side wall of the horizontal section of the inner pipe A1 and is inserted into the axial center of the vertical section of the inner pipe. The lower end of the vertical section of the inner pipe extends out of the end surface of the lower end of the vertical section of the outer pipe A2.
The position, corresponding to the position penetrating through the side wall of the horizontal section of the inner pipe, on the main transmission shaft is connected with a rolling bearing, and an outer ring of the rolling bearing is welded and fixed with the side wall of the inner pipe.
The tension bearing device A4 includes a flange-type linear bearing a41, a high-strength wear-resistant ball a42, an inverted U-shaped cage a43, and a conical air guide cage a44.
The linear bearing A41 is arranged at the lower end by a flange, and the upper end of the linear bearing A is connected with a sleeve A45 with the diameter slightly larger than that of the outer ring of the rolling bearing.
The upper end of the linear bearing A41 penetrates through the center of the top plate of the U-shaped cover A43, the bottom surface of the U-shaped cover is flush with the bottom surface of the flange of the linear bearing, and the high-strength wear-resistant ball A42 is embedded between the flange of the linear bearing and the top plate of the U-shaped cover, so that the U-shaped cover can stably rotate.
The conical air guide sleeve A44 is provided with an axial center hole, the large-diameter end is arranged at the lower end and sleeved outside the linear bearing A41 through the axial center hole, and the large-diameter end is connected with the outer side of the top plate of the U-shaped sleeve A43, so that the conical air guide sleeve A44 can rotate along with the U-shaped sleeve A43.
The conical spinner 32 reduces the impact of the process air in the inner tube on the U-shaped shroud.
The power driving unit B comprises an alternating current motor B1 and a gear reducer B2 driven by the alternating current motor B1, and comprises a hydraulic rod B3, wherein the alternating current motor B1 is connected with a frequency converter B4, and the frequency converter is connected with a three-phase power supply B5.
An output shaft of the gear reducer is connected with the upper end of the main transmission shaft through a coupler, and the alternating current motor B1 works to realize the rotary motion of the main transmission shaft A3.
The alternating current motor and the gear reducer are additionally provided with temperature measuring points so as to ensure timely alarm processing under the condition of overload.
The main transmission shaft A3 penetrates through the sleeve A45 and the linear bearing A41, and the upper end of the sleeve A45 is connected with the telescopic head of the hydraulic rod B3 through a transition transmission part such as an anchor ear.
The telescopic movement of the hydraulic rod B3 causes the linear bearing A41 to slide up and down along the main drive shaft A3 with the U-shaped cover A43 through the sleeve A45.
The working of the frequency converter B4 and the telescopic motion of the hydraulic rod B3 are determined by a control system K.
The main transmission shaft A3 ensures the stability of the main transmission shaft during high-speed rotation through a rolling bearing connected with the upper part of the main transmission shaft and a linear bearing connected with the lower part of the main transmission shaft.
The cross section of the cloth disc A5 is L-shaped and is arranged with a vertical side facing upwards. This embodiment adopts three cloth dish A5 equipartition in proper order around final drive shaft A3's circumference. The cloth disc is made of high-temperature resistant materials.
The horizontal edge tail part of each material distribution disc A5 is connected with the lower end of the main transmission shaft A3 through a dustproof hinge, and the two sides of the dustproof hinge are respectively welded with the horizontal edge tail parts of the main transmission shaft and the material distribution discs.
The vertical edge of each cloth disc A5 is hinged with a pull rod A46 close to the tail part, and the distance from the tail part is preferably about 40mm.
The upper end of the pull rod A46 is hinged with the outer wall of the U-shaped cover A43.
The pull rod is used as a longitudinal transmission part, and can transmit the linear bearing to the cloth disc along the up-and-down sliding of the main transmission shaft, so that the cloth disc can rotate along with the main transmission shaft and simultaneously change the pitching angle in the horizontal direction.
The control system K comprises a PLC K1, a switch K2, an analog input clamping piece K3, an analog output clamping piece K4, a switching value output clamping piece K5, a switching value input clamping piece K6 and a touch screen K7.
The expert control program is stored in a PLC (programmable logic controller), the PLC is directly connected with a Switch (Switch), and the Switch is used as a core node to complete control system hardware integration. The touch screen has the function of storing debugging data, and adopts a Modbus TCP/IP protocol to communicate with the PLC so as to complete the display and setting functions; meanwhile, the touch screen end is also provided with alarm and protection logic, and is communicated with the frequency converter B4 through the switching value input clamping piece and the switching value output clamping piece, and the highest authority is set, so that the safety of the system is ensured. The exchanger is also connected with an analog input clamping piece and an analog output clamping piece and used for reading the state of the hydraulic rod B3 and giving an action instruction.
The frequency converter B4 and the hydraulic rod B3 receive double instructions of the touch screen and the PLC, normal adjusting logic is stored in the PLC, manual instructions are given by the touch screen, and emergency stop instructions can be given by the touch screen after a highest-level password is input.
And the control system K regulates and controls the power driving unit to ensure that the system runs in the optimal state.
The expert control strategy matched with the control system is used for realizing the intelligent operation of the system, and the specific implementation comprises the following steps:
s1) establishing a linear relation between the system feedback quantity and the control quality.
And S1.1) obtaining the relation between a feedback signal of a temperature measuring point K8 in the furnace and the system operation quality by summarizing and comparing historical operation data, determining the feedback positive and negative attributes and the feedback gain value according to the temperature change trend and the operation quality change trend, wherein the values can be set on a touch screen and stored in a PLC.
S1.2) obtaining a whole-process temperature change curve of the single lead smelting flow according to the historical optimal operation data, namely using the whole-process temperature change curve as a set value, and realizing smelting dynamic optimization control.
And S2) establishing a relation between the regulating quantity and the feedback quantity. The novel optimized material distribution system takes the rotating speed of the high-temperature-resistant material distribution disc and the pitching angle in the horizontal direction as adjusting means, namely adjusting amount. Extracting time sequence data, namely process air volume and material flow, in the historical data under the condition of target quality state operation on the basis of the condition before modification of the target smelting furnace to obtain the material flow track and distribution condition; in the following 1:1, adjusting the rotation speed and the horizontal pitching angle of the high-temperature-resistant material distribution disc under a cold-state model to enable the material flow track to correspond to the optimal state, namely obtaining the corresponding relation between the adjustment quantity and the feedback quantity, and forming a plurality of sets of fuzzy control rules through an If-Then statement, namely forming the basis of a closed-loop optimization control system.
And S3) repeating the steps S1) and S2) for a plurality of times for the actual conditions of different batches of ore raw material components, particle diameters and the like, and sending the influence to the control system in a feedforward weighting mode so as to reduce external disturbance.
The embodiment is as follows:
a certain domestic metal lead smelting furnace is used as an object, and 1:1, measuring the distribution condition of the materials by a cold-state model of the smelting furnace. The height of the model furnace is 7 meters, and the bottom surface of the hearth is a stainless steel grid with the area of 25 square meters. The grid divides the furnace bottom into 400 small rectangular areas, namely each area is a square with the side length of 25 cm, and a plastic bag is arranged below each grid and used for loading materials sprayed into the interior of the smelting furnace.
In order to reduce the actual production situation as much as possible, the material is a mixture of concentrate and coke particles, the proportioning is carried out according to the actual production requirement, and finally the material distribution height is calculated by a weighing mode.
For comparison, the data are processed per unit, and the index of particle dispersion uniformity is introduced to define characteristic index x i Comprises the following steps:
Figure GDA0003635431970000081
wherein
Figure GDA0003635431970000082
The material specific surface density of the ith area;
Figure GDA0003635431970000083
representing the mass fraction of the material in the ith area;
Figure GDA0003635431970000084
representing the material area fraction of the ith area;
m i 、s i the i-th zone particle mass and area, respectively, are set to i =1, n =400 as the total number of grids in the zone directly below the nozzle. Thus, x is known i =0 is uniformly distributed, and the larger the value is, the more non-uniform the distribution is.
Determining the set parameters of the improved scheme through multiple experiments to obtain the material distribution condition under the optimal conditions of the rotating speed and the angle of the material distribution disc, and obtaining x through sorting calculation i And establishing coldThe three-dimensional images of the distribution results of the materials in the model test are shown in FIGS. 4-1 and 4-2.
Wherein, the material distribution of the lead smelting flash furnace based on the traditional scheme is shown in figure 4-1; fig. 4-2 shows the material distribution of the lead smelting flash furnace based on the optimized material distribution system.
It is obvious that traditional cloth mode has formed obvious material awl in furnace bottom center, compares and optimizes the cloth system scheme, and the latter though also has certain degree of material to pile up in furnace bottom central point, and the gradient of its material surface is obviously less than traditional scheme, and the material spreads more evenly promptly.
FIGS. 5-1 and 5-2 are top cloud views of FIGS. 4-1 and 4-2, respectively, it is easy to see that the vertex of the discharge cone is far from the center of the bottom surface, and the problems that high-temperature materials wash the furnace wall, the maintenance time is shortened and the practical service life of the smelting furnace is shortened are solved in the formal production process; in contrast, the optimized material distribution system enables the highest point of material distribution to be basically coincident with the center of the bottom surface, so that the superiority of the scheme is verified again, and the practical significance of the design is verified.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a material distribution system of equipment is smelted to flash which characterized in that: the device comprises a mechanical motion unit and a power driving unit;
the mechanical motion unit comprises an inner pipe, an outer pipe, a main transmission shaft, a tension bearing device and a material distribution disc;
the inner pipe and the outer pipe are concentric and are sleeved with each other and extend into the hearth, wherein the inner pipe is a process air channel, and a cavity between the outer pipe and the inner pipe is a channel for materials to enter the hearth;
the main transmission shaft is positioned at the axial center of the inner pipe, the tension bearing device can be connected to the main transmission shaft in a vertically sliding manner, the tail part of the material distribution disc is hinged to the lower end of the main transmission shaft, and a pull rod is hinged between the side wall of the material distribution disc and the tension bearing device;
the power driving unit comprises a horizontal motion driving unit and a vertical motion driving unit, the horizontal motion driving unit is connected with the main transmission shaft to realize the rotary motion of the main transmission shaft, the vertical motion unit is connected with the tension bearing device to realize the up-and-down sliding of the tension bearing device along the main transmission shaft, and the tension bearing device upwards pulls or downwards pushes the cloth disc through the pull rod to ensure that the cloth disc changes the pitching angle of the cloth disc in the horizontal direction while rotating along with the main transmission shaft;
the lower end of the inner pipe extends out of the lower end of the outer pipe; the plurality of material distribution discs are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the main transmission shaft, the cross section of each material distribution disc is L-shaped, and the tail part of the horizontal edge of each material distribution disc is hinged with the lower end of the main transmission shaft through a dustproof hinge;
the tension bearing device comprises a flange type linear bearing, a high-strength wear-resistant ball and an inverted U-shaped cover, wherein the linear bearing is arranged at the lower end by a flange, the upper end of the linear bearing penetrates through the center of a top plate of the U-shaped cover, the bottom surface of the U-shaped cover is flush with the bottom surface of the flange of the linear bearing, and the high-strength wear-resistant ball is embedded between the flange of the linear bearing and the top plate of the U-shaped cover, so that the U-shaped cover can stably rotate;
the tension bearing device also comprises a conical air guide sleeve, wherein a large-diameter end is arranged at the lower end and sleeved outside the linear bearing through an axial center hole, and the large-diameter end is connected with the outer side of a top plate of the U-shaped cover, so that the air guide sleeve can rotate along with the U-shaped cover;
the upper end of the pull rod is hinged with the outer wall of the U-shaped cover, and the lower end of the pull rod is hinged with the position, close to the tail, of the vertical edge of the cloth disc.
2. The material distribution system of the flash smelting equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the horizontal motion driving unit comprises an alternating current motor and a gear reducer, an output shaft of the alternating current motor is connected with an input shaft of the gear reducer through a coupler, and an output shaft of the gear reducer is connected with the main transmission shaft through a coupler.
3. The material distribution system of a flash smelting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the vertical motion driving unit comprises a hydraulic rod and a sleeve, the sleeve is sleeved on the main transmission shaft, the lower end of the sleeve is connected with the upper end of the linear bearing, the upper end of the sleeve is connected with the hydraulic rod, and the hydraulic rod stretches and retracts to drive the linear bearing to slide up and down along the main transmission shaft through the sleeve.
4. A control system for the dispensing system of claim 3, wherein: the system comprises a PLC, an input/output clamping piece, a touch screen and a switch, wherein the fuzzy control logic is written in the PLC by using ST language, the running condition of the system is remotely transmitted to an upper computer, and the remote/local, automatic/manual real-time switching is realized, wherein the PLC, the input/output clamping piece and the touch screen realize communication through the switch; the alternating current motor is connected with a frequency converter, the frequency converter and the hydraulic rod receive double instructions of the touch screen and the PLC, normal adjusting logic is stored in the PLC, manual instructions are given out by the touch screen, and emergency stop instructions can be given out by the touch screen after a highest-level password is input.
5. An expert control strategy for the control system of claim 4 comprising the steps of:
s1) determining the relationship between System variables
Selecting the change of a temperature field in the furnace as a basis for representing the operation state of the system, establishing the relationship between the operation quality of the system and the rotating speed of the high-temperature-resistant material distribution plate and the horizontal pitch angle, namely the adjustment quantity, by taking the change as an intermediary, thereby forming a closed-loop control system, and selecting a fuzzy control system based on expert experience in the form of a controller;
and S2) aiming at the condition that the sizes of the raw material concentrate particles and the mixing uniformity of coke particles and concentrate in different batches are different, the two terms are converted, weighted and fed forward to the closed-loop control system in the step S1 on the basis of multiple experiments, and the closed-loop control system is used for compensating the external disturbance of the system caused by the characteristic change of the raw material.
6. The expert control strategy of claim 5,
the specific steps of S1) are as follows:
s1.1) selecting seconds as a unit, calling historical data of a target flash lead smelting furnace before installing an optimized distribution system, selecting data of a furnace which meets ideal operation quality, arranging temperature records of a fixed thermocouple of the smelting furnace, and collecting flow and air supply pressure of materials entering a hearth at a corresponding moment;
s1.2) carrying out cold state simulation experiment
Using the flow and the pressure obtained in the step S1.1) as cold mold input conditions to obtain a material distribution condition corresponding to the temperature data;
s1.3) repeating the step S1.1) and the step S1.2) for multiple times to obtain multiple groups of material spreading relations corresponding to the system operation temperature, manually screening out the optimal matching relation and the adjusting direction of the temperature change and the material spreading to form multiple sets of relationship of 'If-Then', and converting the flow and the wind pressure of the selected working point into the rotating speed and the angle of a material tray to finish the design of the expert system;
the specific steps of S2) are as follows:
and (3) repeating the step (S1) for multiple times under the condition of the particle size of the concentrate and the mixing condition of the material and the coke respectively to obtain the optimal rotating speed and angle set value under the corresponding condition so as to correct the expert system obtained in the step (S1).
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US3804273A (en) * 1972-06-16 1974-04-16 Atlantic Richfield Co Catalyst distribution apparatus
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