CN111392871A - An ecological grading interception and control method for hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland non-point source control, and aims at the problems of difficulty in implementation and low maintenance efficiency in the prior art, and proposes an ecological graded interception and control method for hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas. and the construction location and quantity of the dams; S2, construction of the sinking dam: select the junction of the upper and lower ditches, according to the maximum rainfall within 24 hours in a single day in 10 years and the shape of the original drainage ditch; S3, construction of the dam: according to the ditch Arrange dams according to the length and runoff; S4, manufacturing ecological floating bed: including bed body, the bed body is provided with a planting groove that runs through, a clamping groove is formed on the side wall of the planting groove, and a foam block that closes the planting groove is arranged in the clamping groove. There are planting holes in the foam blocks, and emergent plants are planted in the planting holes; when the width of the ditch is less than 1m, a frame is arranged in the planting hole, a nylon mesh is arranged inside the frame, and floating plants are inserted into the gaps of the nylon mesh; the above plants are all Used to purify NP pollutants in strongly enriched water.

Description

An ecological grading interception and control method for hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland non-point source control, and in particular relates to a method for ecological graded interception and control of hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas.

Background technique

With the rapid development of world industrialization and the further improvement of agricultural intensification, controlling and reducing non-point source pollution has become a major problem in the field of environmental governance. As a major agricultural producing country, agricultural non-point source pollution has accounted for more than 60% of the total non-point source pollution, which leads to the deterioration of the water environment and water resources in the basin, and seriously threatens the freshwater resources that people rely on.

At present, agricultural non-point source pollution has become the largest source of pollution in rivers and lakes in my country, causing serious consequences for ecosystem functions, human health and economic development. Agricultural non-point source pollution has the characteristics of large randomness, wide temporal and spatial scope, long incubation period, and complex causes, which make it an important issue of general concern in the domestic environmental field in recent years.

Agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP) refers to the sediment, nutrients, pesticides and other pollutants in farmland during agricultural production activities, through farmland surface runoff, soil flow, farmland drainage and underground seepage during precipitation or irrigation. Leakage and non-point source pollution caused by entering the water body. These pollutants mainly come from farmland fertilization, pesticides, livestock and aquaculture and rural residents. Nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland soil that are not absorbed by crops or fixed by soil enter water bodies through human or natural routes, which is a factor that causes water pollution.

The ecological channel purification technology is a widely used in-situ pollutant interception technology, which has the advantages of flexible layout, convenient maintenance, and low investment. At present, the widely used ecological channel purification methods are mainly divided into two categories. One is ecological hierarchical interception and control. This method is to plant floating plants in the existing farmland drainage ditches or arrange some purification devices, such as biological purification boxes. The physicochemical reactions that occur when the water flows through the purification device are used to trap and reduce the concentration of pollutants. However, due to the long and scattered routes, maintenance is difficult. Sometimes due to untimely maintenance, the plants will decay and the pollutants will be re-released into the water body, causing secondary pollution. Another method is to set up centralized ecological purification pools in farmland drainage ditches. This method is relatively simple and convenient to maintain and easy to implement. However, during the implementation, it was found that the volume of the purification pool directly determines the purification effect, and it is inappropriate to occupy a large amount of cultivated land to build a large-capacity purification pool.

In the ecological hierarchical interception and control, how to realize the rapid transformation of ditches and improve the maintenance efficiency is an urgent need for existing technicians to further explore.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides an ecological grading interception and control method for hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas, which is used to solve the problems of difficulty in implementation and low maintenance efficiency in the prior art.

The basic scheme of the present invention is: a method for ecological graded interception and control of hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas, comprising the following steps:

S1, graded interception: according to the distribution information of the original hardened ditches and the spatiotemporal variation information of non-point source runoff pollutants in the agro-ecosystem in the hills and mountains, calculate the construction location and quantity of the sand sink and the dam;

S2. Construction of the sand sink: Select the junction of the upper and lower ditches, extract the local maximum rainfall information within 24 hours of a single day in the past 10 years, and combine the shape of the original drainage ditch to calculate the shape of the sand sink with the minimum amount of renovation to ensure sand sinking. The bottom height of the water inlet of Taipa is greater than or equal to the bottom height of the water outlet;

S3, build a dam: select a ditch with a slope less than 5, and make an interceptor with a height of 30cm, and the interceptor has the function of adsorption and filtration. In principle, the ditch uses the interceptor to build a dam every 20 meters;

S4, manufacturing an ecological floating bed: select a suitable light biological carrier, and use the light biological carrier to splicing, combining and building into the required area and geometric shape to form an ecological floating bed; the ecological floating bed is provided with a planting groove, which is implanted in the planting groove A preset floating carrier, on which screened and domesticated floating plants or emergent plants are planted, and the floating plants or emergent plants are used to strongly absorb NP pollutants in water.

The principle and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) In this scheme, the construction positions and quantities of the sand sink and the dam are planned. Compared with the random design of the sand sink and the dam, it is easy to promote and has A certain standard; and the distribution of the original hardened ditches and the flow of runoff pollutants in each ditches are considered in the planning, and the pollution conditions are fully considered, so that the distance and number of sand sinks and dams can be flexibly changed. At the same time, it will make full use of the existing hardened ditches for renovation to meet the preset standards, so as to reduce the budget as much as possible and avoid waste of money.

(2) In this scheme, the ecological floating bed is used to purify water. Compared with direct planting in the prior art, this scheme is more conducive to controlling the number of plants, facilitating the adjustment of the number of the entire ecological floating bed, and planting different plants. The ecological floating beds are replaced according to the seasons to realize the controllability and easy management of the entire ecological purification; and the plants that can be grown using the ecological floating beds include not only floating plants but also some emergent plants, and the range of plants used for ecological purification is wider. , to facilitate the implementation of the overall purification.

(3) In this scheme, the form of grading is adopted, and multi-level sand sinking and dams are formed according to the specific situation to realize the filtration of the overall water quality and ensure that the water quality at the end of the ecologically graded hardened ditch reaches the expected water quality standard; This multi-level form also classifies and screens the silt in the entire water body, and distributes the silt in the entire water body to each sand sink and dam to avoid blockage of the water body and ensure smooth water flow in the entire hardened ditch.

Further, in S4, the emergent plants planted on the ecological floating bed were Iris iris, Canna japonica, and Umbrella; the floating plants planted on the ecological floating bed were foxtail algae and shiitake grass.

Further, the plants in the hardened ditch are formed by artificial planting, and water spinach, cress, and shiitake grass are planted in the ditch.

Further, the floating plants or emergent plants planted in all the resistance and control methods are harvested, disposed of and utilized according to the phenological period of the floating plants and emergent plants to form the recycling of NP elements.

Further, the light biological carrier is composed of purple mudstone and biomass charcoal, the purple mudstone is the main component, and the biomass charcoal is supplemented; the light biological carrier is recycled from time to time according to its adsorption condition.

In this scheme, the biomass charcoal is used to absorb fine particles in the water, so as to avoid the accumulation of impurities on the bottom of the water and improve the purity of the water quality.

Further, in S4, the floating carrier is a foam block, the ecological floating bed includes a bed body, and the bed body is provided with a planting groove running through it. When the width of the groove is greater than 1 m, a clamping groove is formed on the side wall of the planting groove, and the clamping groove is provided with a planting groove. A closed foam block, with a planting hole in the foam block, and seedlings of emerging plants are planted in the planting hole; when the width of the ditch is less than 1m, a frame is arranged in the planting hole, a nylon mesh is arranged inside the frame, and cuttings are inserted into the gaps of the nylon mesh. Seedlings with floating plants;

The ecological floating bed is also provided with a timer, solar cells, a controller, an alarm light, and an antenna; the solar cells are installed on the upper wall of the ecological floating bed for converting solar energy into electrical energy for power supply, and the timer is used for preset When the time is up, the controller controls the warning light to light up and the antenna to send replacement information to the outside world.

In this scheme, there are two structures of the ecological floating bed, which are respectively suitable for the case where the width of the ditch is greater than 1m and the case where the width of the ditch is less than 1m.

When the width of the ditch is greater than 1m, the volume of the ecological floating bed can be set relatively large, thereby providing enough space for planting emergent plants and ensuring the growth of emergent plants. Emergent plants are planted in the planting tank. After the plant purification stage is completed, the ecological floating bed can be directly replaced. During the replacement, the emerging plants on the ecological floating bed are also replaced, which is conducive to stage replacement. In addition, since the foam blocks usually float on the water surface, the buoyancy of the foam blocks can prevent the emergent plants from sinking to the bottom completely and improve the survival rate of the emergent plants.

When the width of the ditch is less than 1m, in order to save space, the ecological floating bed is usually set relatively narrow, and floating plants are planted in the nylon mesh meshes between the ecological floating bed frames to facilitate subsequent salvage of floating plants.

In addition, after the ecological floating bed of this scheme is put into use, the timer has been started. After the preset time is reached, the controller transmits a signal through the antenna to notify the remote monitoring personnel that the preset time has come, and the staff rushes to When the ecological floating bed is replaced on site, the lit warning light can indicate the direction in time.

Further, the bottom of the ecological floating bed is provided with a fixed rod and a horizontal rod, the top of the fixed rod is fixedly connected with the bottom of the ecological floating bed, the bottom of the fixed rod is provided with a fixed hole, the middle of the horizontal rod is fixed with a central shaft, and the central shaft passes through the fixed hole, and The central shaft and the fixing hole are connected by a ball bearing. The upper wall of the ecological floating bed is also provided with a rotating motor. The end of the rotating motor is coaxially fixed with a gear. The ecological floating bed also has a limit hole, and the limit rod vertically passes through the limiter. The side wall of the limit rod is provided with a rack meshing with the gear, the bottom of the limit rod is hinged to one end of the cross rod, and the other end of the cross rod is fixed with a top rod that can abut against the foam block.

In this solution, the rotating motor will drive the gear to rotate, so that the limit rod with the rack moves downward, causing the cross rod to swing, and the top rod at the end of the cross rod is lifted up. Considering that the foam block has a certain shrinkage performance, The lifting of the ejector rod will drive the foam board out of the planting trough, or directly destroy the foam board, so as to facilitate the replacement of the plants planted in the planting trough.

Further, the side wall of the cross bar is provided with a blade.

In this scheme, considering that the roots grow in various conditions during the growth of the plant, they are likely to be hinged with the crossbar, thereby hindering the movement of the crossbar. Therefore, the blade is designed to prevent the obstructed roots during the movement of the crossbar. Make the cut to ensure the smooth movement of the cross bar.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ecological floating bed in the embodiment of a method for graded interception and resistance control of hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of Shensha Taipa in the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of dams and sand sinks in the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following is a further detailed description through specific embodiments:

The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: ecological floating bed 1 , planting tank 2 , foam block 3 , ejector rod 4 , transverse rod 5 , fixed rod 6 , limit rod 7 , gear 8 .

The embodiment is basically as shown in Figure 1:

A method for ecological graded interception and control of hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas, comprising the following steps:

S1, graded interception: according to the distribution information of the original hardened ditches and the spatiotemporal variation information of non-point source runoff pollutants in the agro-ecosystem in the hills and mountains, calculate the construction location and quantity of the sand sink and the dam;

Please refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, S2, to build a sand-sinking ditch: select the junction of the upper and lower ditches, extract the local maximum rainfall information within 24 hours of a single day in the past 10 years, and calculate the minimum transformation amount based on the shape of the original drainage ditch. The shape of the sand sink ensures that the bottom height of the water inlet of the sand sink is greater than or equal to the bottom height of the water outlet;

S3, build a dam: select a ditch with a slope less than 5, and make an interceptor with a height of 30cm, the interceptor has an adsorption and filtering function, and the ditch uses the interceptor to build a dam every 20 meters;

S4, manufacturing ecological floating bed 1: select suitable light biological carriers, such as bamboo and moso bamboo, and use light biological carriers to splicing, combining and building into the required area and geometric shape to form ecological floating bed 1;

The ecological floating bed 1 includes a bed body, and the bed body is provided with a planting groove 2 therethrough. The planting groove has two settings corresponding to the case where the width of the ditch is greater than 1m and the case where the width of the ditch is less than 1m. When the width of the ditch is greater than 1m, the structure of the ecological floating bed is shown in Figure 1. The side wall of the planting groove 2 is provided with a clamping groove, and the clamping groove is provided with a foam block 3 that closes the planting groove 2. Emergent plants are planted in the hole, and the rhizomes of the emergent plants are allowed to extend into the water surface through the planting hole. The emergent plants are iris, canna and umbrella grass, etc.; when the width of the ditch is less than 1m, the planting groove 2 A ring-shaped metal frame is arranged on the inner wall, a nylon net is arranged inside the metal frame, and floating plants are cut in the gaps of the nylon net.

In addition, the ecological floating bed 1 is also provided with a timer, solar cells, a controller, an alarm light and an antenna; the solar cells are installed on the upper wall of the ecological floating bed 1 to convert solar energy into electrical energy for power supply, and the timer is used for When the preset time expires, the controller controls the warning light to light up and the antenna to send replacement information to the outside world. And, the bottom of the ecological floating bed 1 is provided with a fixed bar 6 and a cross bar 5, and the side wall of the cross bar 5 is provided with a blade, and the obstructed roots are cut during the movement of the cross bar 5 by the blade to avoid plant roots and the cross bar 5. Phase hinge, to ensure the smooth movement of the cross bar 5. The top of the fixed rod 6 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the ecological floating bed 1, the bottom of the fixed rod 6 is provided with a fixed hole, the middle of the cross rod 5 is fixed with a central shaft, the central shaft passes through the fixed hole, and the central shaft and the fixed hole are connected by a ball bearing , the upper wall of the ecological floating bed 1 is also provided with a rotating motor, the end of the rotating motor is coaxially fixed with a gear 8, the ecological floating bed 1 also has a limit hole, the limit rod 7 vertically passes through the limit hole, and the limit rod The side wall of 7 is provided with a rack that meshes with the gear 8 , the bottom of the limit rod 7 is hinged to one end of the cross rod 5 , and the other end of the cross rod 5 is fixed with a top rod 4 that can abut against the foam block 3 .

Please refer to Figure 2. During the implementation period, the plan has planned the construction location and quantity of the sand dams and dams, which is convenient for promotion and has a certain standard; The flow of runoff pollutants in the ditches has been fully considered, and the distance and number of dams and dams can be adjusted flexibly. At the same time, make full use of the existing hardened ditches to retrofit to preset standards, so as to reduce the budget as much as possible. In the form of grading, multi-level sand sinks and dams are formed according to the specific situation to realize the filtration of the overall water quality and ensure that the final water quality obtained meets the expected water quality standards; at the same time, this multi-level form is also suitable for The silt in the entire water body is graded and screened, and the silt in the entire water body is apportioned to each sand sink and dam to avoid blockage of the water body and ensure smooth water flow in the entire hardened ditch.

The ecological floating bed 1 is used for water purification, which is beneficial to control the number of plants. When adjusting the number of the overall ecological floating bed 1, the ecological floating bed 1 with different plants can be adjusted according to seasonal changes. The biomass charcoal constituting the ecological floating bed 1 absorbs fine particles in the water, avoids the accumulation of impurities on the bottom of the water, and improves the purity of the water quality. With the help of the buoyancy of the foam block 3, the emergent plants can be prevented from completely sinking to the bottom of the water, and the supporting force of the nylon net can prevent the floating plants from completely sinking to the bottom of the water, thereby improving the survival rate of the plants planted in the planting tank. After the ecological floating bed 1 is put into use, the timer has been started. After the preset time is reached, the controller transmits a signal through the antenna to notify the remote monitoring personnel that the preset time has come, and the staff rushes to the scene to monitor the ecological floating bed 1. When the replacement is carried out, the lit warning light can indicate the direction in time.

The rotating motor will drive the gear 8 to rotate, so that the limit rod 7 with the rack moves downward, causing the cross rod 5 to swing, and the top rod 4 at the end of the cross rod 5 is lifted upwards. Considering that the foam block 3 has a certain shrinkage performance, the lifting of the ejector rod 4 will drive the foam board away from the planting tank 2, or directly destroy the foam board, so as to facilitate the replacement of the plants planted in the planting tank 2.

The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the well-known specific structures and characteristics in the scheme has not been described too much here. Those of ordinary skill in the art know that the invention belongs to the technical field before the filing date or the priority date. Technical knowledge, can know all the prior art in this field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental means before the date, those of ordinary skill in the art can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own ability under the enlightenment given in this application, Some typical well-known structures or well-known methods should not be an obstacle to those skilled in the art from practicing the present application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention. These should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation of the present invention. Effectiveness and utility of patents. The scope of protection claimed in this application shall be based on the content of the claims, and the descriptions of the specific implementation manners in the description can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. a hilly and mountainous area hardened ditch ecological grading interception blocking method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: S1, graded interception: according to the distribution information of the original hardened ditches and the spatiotemporal variation information of non-point source runoff pollutants in the agro-ecosystem in the hills and mountains, calculate the construction location and quantity of the sand sink and the dam; S2. Construction of the sand sink: Select the junction of the upper and lower ditches, extract the local maximum rainfall information within 24 hours of a single day in the past 10 years, and combine the shape of the original drainage ditch to calculate the shape of the sand sink with the minimum amount of renovation to ensure sand sinking. The bottom height of the water inlet of Taipa is greater than or equal to the bottom height of the water outlet; S3, build a dam: select a ditch with a slope less than 5, and make an interceptor with a height of 30cm, and the interceptor has the function of adsorption and filtration. In principle, the ditch uses the interceptor to build a dam every 20 meters; S4, manufacturing an ecological floating bed: select a suitable light biological carrier, and use the light biological carrier to splicing, combining and building into the required area and geometric shape to form an ecological floating bed; the ecological floating bed is provided with a planting groove, which is implanted in the planting groove A preset floating carrier, on which screened and domesticated floating plants or emergent plants are planted, and the floating plants or emergent plants are used to strongly absorb NP pollutants in water. 2. a kind of hilly and mountainous area hardened ditch ecological grading interception and control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in S4, the emergent plants planted on the ecological floating bed are iris of Northwestia, pink flower canna and umbrella grass; The floating plants grown on the ecological floating bed are foxtail algae and shiitake grass. 3. The method for ecologically grading interception and blocking of hardened ditch in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: the plants in the hardened ditch are formed by artificial planting, and water spinach, cress, and mushroom grass are planted in the ditch. 4. a kind of hilly and mountainous area hardened ditch ecological grading interception resistance control method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the floating plants or emergent plants planted in all resistance control methods, according to the phenology of floating plants and emergent plants Harvest, dispose, and utilize in a period of time to form the recycling of NP elements. 5. a kind of hilly and mountainous area hardened ditch ecological grading interception resistance control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described light biological carrier is made up of purple mudstone and biomass charcoal, purple mudstone is main, and biomass charcoal is auxiliary ; Light biological carriers are recycled from time to time according to their adsorption conditions. 6. a kind of hilly and mountainous area hardened ditch ecological grading interception resistance control method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: in S4, the floating carrier is a foam block, the ecological floating bed comprises a bed body, and the bed body is provided with a penetrating planting groove, When the width of the ditch is greater than 1m, the side wall of the planting trough is provided with a card slot, and the clip slot is provided with a foam block that closes the planting trough. When it is less than 1m, there is a frame in the planting hole, a nylon mesh is arranged inside the frame, and floating plants are inserted into the gaps of the nylon mesh; The ecological floating bed is also provided with a timer, solar cells, a controller, an alarm light, and an antenna; the solar cells are installed on the upper wall of the ecological floating bed for converting solar energy into electrical energy for power supply, and the timer is used for preset When the time is up, the controller controls the warning light to light up and the antenna to send replacement information to the outside world. 7. The method for ecological grading interception and blocking of hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: the bottom of the ecological floating bed is provided with a fixed rod and a horizontal rod, and the top of the fixed rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the ecological floating bed, and the fixed rod is fixed to the bottom of the ecological floating bed. There is a fixing hole at the bottom of the rod, and a central shaft is fixed in the middle of the cross rod. The central shaft passes through the fixing hole, and the central shaft and the fixing hole are connected by a ball bearing. The upper wall of the ecological floating bed is also provided with a rotating motor. There are gears fixed coaxially in the upper part, and the ecological floating bed also has a limit hole, the limit rod vertically passes through the limit hole, and the side wall of the limit rod is provided with a rack that meshes with the gear, and the bottom of the limit rod is hinged to the horizontal rod One end of the cross bar is fixed with a top bar that can abut against the foam block. 8 . The method for ecological grading interception and control of hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 7 , wherein a blade is provided on the side wall of the cross bar. 9 .

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