CN111392871A - Ecological grading interception and resistance control method for hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas - Google Patents
Ecological grading interception and resistance control method for hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN111392871A CN111392871A CN202010329153.6A CN202010329153A CN111392871A CN 111392871 A CN111392871 A CN 111392871A CN 202010329153 A CN202010329153 A CN 202010329153A CN 111392871 A CN111392871 A CN 111392871A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland non-point source control, and provides a hardened ditch ecological grading interception and resistance control method in hilly and mountainous areas aiming at the problems of difficult implementation and low maintenance efficiency in the prior art, which comprises the following steps: s1, hierarchical interception: calculating the construction positions and the number of the sand depositing and retaining basins; s2, constructing a desilting keeper: selecting the junction of the upper and lower-level ditches according to the maximum rainfall and the shape of the original drainage ditch within 24 hours per day in 10 years; s3, building a water retaining dam: laying a water retaining dam according to the length and the runoff quantity of the ditch; s4, manufacturing an ecological floating bed: the floating bed comprises a bed body, wherein a through planting groove is formed in the bed body, a clamping groove is formed in the side wall of the planting groove, a foam block for sealing the planting groove is arranged in the clamping groove, planting holes are formed in the foam block, and emergent aquatic plants are planted in the planting holes; when the width of the ditch is less than 1m, a frame is arranged in the planting hole, a nylon net is arranged in the frame, and floating plants are inserted in gaps of the nylon net; the plants are all used for purifying NP pollutants in strong enriched water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland non-point source control, and particularly relates to an ecological grading interception and resistance control method for hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas.
Background
With the rapid development of world industrialization and the further improvement of agricultural intensification degree, the control and reduction of non-point source pollution become main problems in the field of environmental governance. As a big country for agricultural production, agricultural non-point source pollution accounts for more than 60% of the total non-point source pollution in China, which causes deterioration of watershed water environment and water resources and seriously threatens fresh water resources on which people live.
At present, agricultural non-point source pollution becomes the first pollution source of river and lake pollution in China, and serious consequences are caused to the functions of an ecosystem, the health of human beings, the economic development and the like. Agricultural non-point source pollution has the characteristics of large randomness, wide space-time range, long latency period, complex cause and the like, so that the agricultural non-point source pollution becomes an important problem which is generally concerned in the field of domestic environment in recent years.
Agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP) refers to non-point source pollution formed by silt, nutritive salt, pesticides and other pollutants in a farmland entering a water body through farmland surface runoff, interflow, farmland drainage and underground leakage in the process of precipitation or irrigation in agricultural production activities. The pollutants mainly come from farmland fertilization, pesticides, livestock and poultry, aquaculture and rural residents. Nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland soil, which are not absorbed by crops or fixed by soil, enter water through artificial or natural routes, which is a factor causing water pollution.
The ecological channel purification technology is a pollutant in-situ interception technology widely used at present, and has the advantages of flexible arrangement, convenient maintenance, low investment and the like. The existing widely used ecological channel purification methods mainly include two types, one type is ecological grading interception and resistance control, the mode is to plant floating plants or arrange some purification devices such as biological purification boxes in the existing farmland drainage channel, and the concentration of pollutants is intercepted and reduced by utilizing the physical and chemical reactions generated when water flows pass through the purification devices. However, the arrangement route is long and dispersed, so that the maintenance is difficult, and sometimes, due to untimely maintenance, pollutants are released into the water again after the plants are rotten, and secondary pollution is caused. The other method is to arrange a centralized ecological purification tank in a farmland drainage ditch, and the mode is simple and convenient to maintain and easy to implement. However, in practice, the volume of the purification pool directly determines the purification effect, and it is not suitable to occupy a large amount of cultivated land to construct a large-capacity purification pool.
How to realize the rapid reconstruction of the ditch and improve the maintenance efficiency in the ecological grading interception resistance control is urgent to further research by the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ecological grading interception and resistance control method for hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas, which is used for solving the problems of difficult implementation and low maintenance efficiency in the prior art.
The basic scheme of the invention is as follows: a hilly and mountainous area hardened ditch ecological grading interception and resistance control method comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out classified interception, namely calculating the construction positions and the number of the sediment storage tank and the water retaining dam according to the distribution information of the original hardened ditches and the space-time change information of the surface source runoff pollutants in the agricultural ecological system in the hilly and mountainous areas;
s2, constructing a desilting keeper: selecting a junction of an upper ditch and a lower ditch, extracting the maximum rainfall information within 24 hours per day in 10 years of the local area, and calculating the shape of the sand settling tank with the minimum transformation amount by combining the shape of the original drainage ditch so as to ensure that the height of the bottom of the water inlet of the sand settling tank is greater than or equal to the height of the bottom of the water outlet;
s3, building a water retaining dam: selecting a ditch with the gradient less than 5, manufacturing an interception with the height of 30cm, wherein the interception has the adsorption and filtration functions, and constructing a water retaining dam by using the interception at intervals of 20 meters in the ditch in principle;
s4, manufacturing an ecological floating bed: selecting a proper light biological carrier, and forming an ecological floating bed by utilizing the area and the geometric shape required by splicing, combining and building the light biological carrier; the ecological floating bed is internally provided with a planting groove, a preset floating carrier is planted in the planting groove, a screened and domesticated floating plant or emergent aquatic plant is planted on the floating carrier, and the floating plant or emergent aquatic plant is used for strongly absorbing NP pollutants in water.
The principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: (1) in the scheme, the construction positions and the number of the desilting keeper and the water-blocking dam are planned, and compared with the design of a desilting keeper and a water-blocking dam at will, the scheme is convenient to popularize and has certain standard; and the distribution of original sclerosis irrigation canals and ditches and the flowing condition of every irrigation canals and ditches runoff pollutant have been considered when planning, pollution situation has been fully considered, accomplish the nimble change of silt deposit and water-stop dam distance and quantity, simultaneously, still can make full use of current sclerosis irrigation canals and ditches transform in order to reach the preset standard to reduce the budget as far as, avoid the labour and the people to hurt the property.
(2) In the scheme, the ecological floating beds are adopted for water purification, compared with the direct planting in the prior art, the scheme is more favorable for controlling the number of plants, is convenient for adjusting the number of the whole ecological floating beds, and can replace the ecological floating beds for planting different plants according to seasons, thereby realizing the controllability and the convenient management of the whole ecological purification; and the plants which can be planted by adopting the ecological floating bed not only contain floating plants but also contain emerging plants, so that the plant species range for ecological purification is wider, and the implementation of integral purification is facilitated.
(3) In the scheme, a grading form is adopted, and a multi-stage sand settling pit and a water retaining dam are formed according to specific situations, so that the whole water quality is filtered, and the water quality at the tail end of an ecologically graded hardened ditch can reach the expected water quality standard; simultaneously, the multistage form also grades and screens the sludge of the whole water body, and distributes the sludge in the whole water body into each silt depositing and retaining pit and the water retaining dam, so that the water body is prevented from being blocked, and the water flow in the whole hardened ditch is ensured to be smooth.
Further, in S4, the emergent aquatic plants planted on the ecological floating bed are irises, canna tenella and cymbopogon flexuosus; the floating plants planted on the ecological floating bed are the myriophyllum and the lentinus edodes.
Furthermore, the plants in the hardened ditches are formed by artificial planting, and water spinach, cress and lentinus edodes are planted in the ditches.
Furthermore, the floating plants or emergent aquatic plants planted in all the resistance control methods are harvested, treated and utilized according to the phenological period of the floating plants and the emergent aquatic plants, so that the NP element is recycled.
Further, the light biological carrier is composed of purple mudstone and biomass charcoal, wherein the purple mudstone is used as a main component, and the biomass charcoal is used as an auxiliary component; the light biological carrier is subjected to irregular recycling according to the adsorption condition.
In this scheme, utilize the tiny granule of living beings charcoal absorption aquatic, avoid submarine impurity to pile up, improve the purity of quality of water.
Further, in S4, the floating carrier is a foam block, the ecological floating bed comprises a bed body, the bed body is provided with a through planting groove, when the width of the ditch is larger than 1m, the side wall of the planting groove is provided with a clamping groove, the clamping groove is internally provided with the foam block for sealing the planting groove, a planting hole is formed in the foam block, and seedlings of emergent aquatic plants are planted in the planting hole; when the width of the ditch is less than 1m, a frame is arranged in the planting hole, a nylon net is arranged in the frame, and seedlings of floating plants are inserted in gaps of the nylon net;
the ecological floating bed is also provided with a timer, a solar cell, a controller, an alarm lamp and an antenna; the solar cell is installed on the upper wall of the ecological floating bed and used for converting solar energy into electric energy for supplying power, and the timer is used for controlling the warning lamp to be lightened and the antenna to send replacement information to the outside when preset time is up.
In this scheme, ecological bed that floats has two kinds of structures, is applicable to the condition that the irrigation canals and ditches width is greater than 1m and the condition that the irrigation canals and ditches width is less than 1m respectively.
When the ditch width is greater than 1m, the volume of ecological bed that floats can set for great to provide sufficient space and plant emergent aquatic plants, guarantee emergent aquatic plants's growth. Emergent aquatic plants are planted in the planting grooves, the ecological floating bed can be directly replaced after the plant purification stage is completed, and emergent aquatic plants on the ecological floating bed are replaced along with the emergent aquatic plants during replacement, so that the stage replacement is facilitated. And because the foam block usually floats on the water surface, emergent aquatic plants can be prevented from completely sinking into the water bottom by virtue of the buoyancy of the foam block, and the survival rate of the emergent aquatic plants is improved.
When the ditch width is less than 1m, in order to save space, the ecological floating bed is usually arranged to be narrower, floating plants are planted in nylon net holes between frames of the ecological floating bed, and the follow-up floating plants can be conveniently salvaged.
In addition, the ecological floating bed of this scheme is after putting into operation, and the timer just starts, and after reaching the preset time, the controller passes through the antenna and outwards launches the signal to the warning personnel in a long distance of notice preset time has arrived, and when the staff arrived the scene and changed the ecological floating bed, the warning light of lighting can in time point out the direction.
Further, ecological bed bottom of floating is equipped with dead lever and horizontal pole, dead lever top and ecological bed bottom rigid coupling of floating, open the dead lever bottom has the fixed orifices, horizontal pole middle part rigid coupling has the center pin, the center pin passes the fixed orifices, and be connected through ball bearing between center pin and the fixed orifices, ecological bed upper wall of floating still is equipped with the rotating electrical machines, the coaxial gear that has set firmly of tip of rotating electrical machines, ecological bed of floating still opens there is spacing hole, the gag lever post is vertical to be passed spacing hole, and the lateral wall of gag lever post be equipped with gear engagement's rack, the one end of the articulated horizontal pole of gag lever post bottom, the other end rigid coupling of horizontal pole has the ejector pin that can offset with.
In this scheme, the rotating electrical machines can drive the gear rotatory to make the gag lever post downstream of taking the rack, make the horizontal pole swing, the ejector pin jack-up that makes progress of horizontal pole tip takes into account the foam block to have certain shrink performance, and the jack-up of ejector pin can drive the cystosepiment and break away from and plant the groove, perhaps directly destroys the cystosepiment, thereby be convenient for change and plant the plant of kind in the groove.
Further, the lateral wall of horizontal pole is equipped with the blade.
In this scheme, consider during the growth of plant, the root must situation of growing is various, probably hinges mutually with the horizontal pole to hinder the motion of horizontal pole, consequently, design blade cuts the root must of hindrance during the horizontal pole motion, guarantees the unobstructed of horizontal pole motion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ecological floating bed in an embodiment of a hardened ditch original ecological grading interception and resistance control method in hilly and mountainous areas of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of the desilting keeper of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the distribution of the water retaining dam and the silt deposit box of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by the specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: ecological bed 1 that floats, planting groove 2, foam piece 3, ejector pin 4, horizontal pole 5, dead lever 6, gag lever post 7, gear 8.
The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached figure 1:
a hilly and mountainous area hardened ditch ecological grading interception and resistance control method comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out classified interception, namely calculating the construction positions and the number of the sediment storage tank and the water retaining dam according to the distribution information of the original hardened ditches and the space-time change information of the surface source runoff pollutants in the agricultural ecological system in the hilly and mountainous areas;
referring to fig. 2 and 3, S2, the settling keeper: selecting the junction of an upper ditch and a lower ditch, extracting the maximum rainfall information within 24 hours per day in 10 years of the local area, calculating the shape of the sand settling tank with the minimum transformation amount by combining the shape of the original drainage ditch, and ensuring that the bottom height of the water inlet of the sand settling tank is greater than or equal to the bottom height of the water outlet;
s3, building a water retaining dam: selecting a ditch with the gradient less than 5, manufacturing an interception object with the height of 30cm, wherein the interception object has an adsorption and filtration function, and constructing a water retaining dam by using the interception object every 20 m in the ditch;
s4, manufacturing the ecological floating bed 1: selecting proper light biological carriers, such as bamboo boards and moso bamboos, and forming the ecological floating bed 1 by utilizing the area and the geometric shape required by splicing, combining and building the light biological carriers;
ecological bed 1 that floats includes the bed body, and the bed body is opened has planting groove 2 that runs through, plants the groove and has two kinds of settings and correspond the condition that the irrigation canals and ditches width is greater than 1m and the condition that the irrigation canals and ditches width is less than 1m respectively. When the width of the ditch is more than 1m, the structure of the ecological floating bed is shown in figure 1, a clamping groove is formed in the side wall of a planting groove 2, a foam block 3 for sealing the planting groove 2 is arranged in the clamping groove, planting holes are formed in the foam block 3, emergent aquatic plants are planted in the planting holes, roots and stems of the emergent aquatic plants are allowed to penetrate through the planting holes and extend into the water surface, and the emergent aquatic plants are Siberian iris, canna incana, cymbidium and the like; when the width of the ditch is less than 1m, the inner wall of the planting groove 2 is provided with an annular metal frame, a nylon net is arranged in the metal frame, floating plants are inserted in the gaps of the nylon net, and the floating plants comprise myriophyllum vulgare, lentinus edodes and the like.
In addition, a timer, a solar cell, a controller, an alarm lamp and an antenna are also arranged on the ecological floating bed 1; the solar cell is arranged on the upper wall of the ecological floating bed 1 and used for converting solar energy into electric energy for supplying power, and the timer is used for controlling the warning lamp to be lightened and the antenna to send replacement information to the outside when preset time is up. And, ecological bed 1 bottom of floating is equipped with dead lever 6 and horizontal pole 5, and the lateral wall of horizontal pole 5 is equipped with the blade, cuts the root hair of hindrance through the blade during 5 motion periods of horizontal pole, avoids plant root hair and 5 looks hinges of horizontal pole, guarantees the unobstructed of horizontal pole 5 motion. 6 tops of dead lever and ecological bed of floating 1 bottom rigid coupling, open dead lever 6 bottoms has the fixed orifices, 5 middle part rigid couplings of horizontal pole have the center pin, the center pin passes the fixed orifices, and be connected through ball bearing between center pin and the fixed orifices, ecological bed of floating 1 upper wall still is equipped with the rotating electrical machines, the coaxial gear 8 that has set firmly of tip of rotating electrical machines, ecological bed of floating 1 has still opened spacing hole, spacing 7 is vertical to be passed spacing holes, and the lateral wall of spacing 7 be equipped with the rack of gear 8 meshing, 7 articulated horizontal pole 5's in bottom of spacing pole one end, the other end rigid coupling of horizontal pole 5 has ejector pin 4 that can offset with foam block 3.
Referring to fig. 2, during the implementation period, the scheme plans the construction positions and the number of the sediment storage tank and the water blocking dam, is convenient to popularize and has certain standard; the distribution of the original hardened ditches and the flowing condition of runoff pollutants of each ditch are considered during planning, the pollution condition is fully considered, and the flexible change of the distance and the quantity of the sediment storage tank and the water retaining dam is realized. Meanwhile, the existing hardened ditches are fully utilized for modification to reach the preset standard, so that budget is reduced as much as possible. A grading form is adopted, and a multistage sand settling pit and a water retaining dam are formed according to specific situations, so that the whole water quality is filtered, and the finally obtained tail end water quality is ensured to reach the expected water quality standard; simultaneously, the multistage form also grades and screens the sludge of the whole water body, and distributes the sludge in the whole water body into each silt depositing and retaining pit and the water retaining dam, so that the water body is prevented from being blocked, and the water flow in the whole hardened ditch is ensured to be smooth.
The ecological floating bed 1 is used for purifying water, the amount of the plants is controlled, the quantity of the whole ecological floating bed 1 is adjusted, and the ecological floating bed 1 with different plants is adjusted according to seasonal changes. The biomass charcoal forming the ecological floating bed 1 absorbs fine particles in water, avoids accumulation of impurities at the bottom of the water, and improves the purity of water quality. The emergent aquatic plants can be prevented from completely sinking into the water bottom by the aid of buoyancy of the foam blocks 3, the floating plants are prevented from completely sinking into the water bottom by the aid of supporting force of the nylon net, and survival rate of the plants planted in the planting grooves is improved. After the ecological floating bed 1 is put into use, the timer is started, and after the preset time is reached, the controller transmits a signal outwards through the antenna, so that a remote monitoring person is informed that the preset time is up, and when a worker approaches the site to replace the ecological floating bed 1, the lighted warning lamp can indicate the direction in time.
Rotating electrical machines can drive gear 8 rotatory to make the gag lever post 7 downstream of taking the rack, make horizontal pole 5 swings, the 4 upsets of ejector pin of 5 tip of horizontal pole, consider that foam block 3 has certain shrink performance, the jack-up of ejector pin 4 can drive the cystosepiment and break away from planting groove 2, perhaps directly destroys the cystosepiment, thereby be convenient for change and plant the plant of planting in the groove 2.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention, and common general knowledge in the field of known specific structures and characteristics is not described herein in any greater extent than that known in the art at the filing date or prior to the priority date of the application, so that those skilled in the art can now appreciate that all of the above-described techniques in this field and have the ability to apply routine experimentation before this date can be combined with one or more of the present teachings to complete and implement the present invention, and that certain typical known structures or known methods do not pose any impediments to the implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A hilly and mountainous area hardened ditch ecological grading interception and resistance control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, carrying out classified interception, namely calculating the construction positions and the number of the sediment storage tank and the water retaining dam according to the distribution information of the original hardened ditches and the space-time change information of the surface source runoff pollutants in the agricultural ecological system in the hilly and mountainous areas;
s2, constructing a desilting keeper: selecting the junction of an upper ditch and a lower ditch, extracting the maximum rainfall information within 24 hours per day in 10 years of the local area, calculating the shape of the sand settling tank with the minimum transformation amount by combining the shape of the original drainage ditch, and ensuring that the bottom height of the water inlet of the sand settling tank is greater than or equal to the bottom height of the water outlet;
s3, building a water retaining dam: selecting a ditch with the gradient less than 5, manufacturing an interception with the height of 30cm, wherein the interception has the adsorption and filtration functions, and constructing a water retaining dam by using the interception at intervals of 20 meters in the ditch in principle;
s4, manufacturing an ecological floating bed: selecting a proper light biological carrier, and forming an ecological floating bed by utilizing the area and the geometric shape required by splicing, combining and building the light biological carrier; the ecological floating bed is internally provided with a planting groove, a preset floating carrier is planted in the planting groove, a screened and domesticated floating plant or emergent aquatic plant is planted on the floating carrier, and the floating plant or emergent aquatic plant is used for strongly absorbing NP pollutants in water.
2. The ecological grading, intercepting and controlling method for hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: s4, planting emergent aquatic plants on the ecological floating bed, wherein the emergent aquatic plants are Siberian iris, pink canna and cymbopogon flexuosus; the floating plants planted on the ecological floating bed are the myriophyllum and the lentinus edodes.
3. The ecological grading, intercepting and controlling method for hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the plants in the hardened ditches are formed by artificial planting, and water spinach, cress and lentinus edodes are planted in the ditches.
4. The ecological grading, intercepting and controlling method for hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the floating plants or emergent aquatic plants planted in all the resistance control methods are harvested, treated and utilized according to the phenological period of the floating plants and the emergent aquatic plants, so that the NP element is recycled.
5. The ecological grading, intercepting and controlling method for hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the light biological carrier is composed of purple mudstone and biomass carbon, wherein the purple mudstone is used as a main material, and the biomass carbon is used as an auxiliary material; the light biological carrier is subjected to irregular recycling according to the adsorption condition.
6. The ecological grading, intercepting and controlling method for hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s4, the floating carrier is a foam block, the ecological floating bed comprises a bed body, a through planting groove is formed in the bed body, when the width of a ditch is larger than 1m, a clamping groove is formed in the side wall of the planting groove, the foam block for sealing the planting groove is arranged in the clamping groove, planting holes are formed in the foam block, and seedlings of emergent aquatic plants are planted in the planting holes; when the width of the ditch is less than 1m, a frame is arranged in the planting hole, a nylon net is arranged in the frame, and floating plants are inserted in gaps of the nylon net;
the ecological floating bed is also provided with a timer, a solar cell, a controller, an alarm lamp and an antenna; the solar cell is installed on the upper wall of the ecological floating bed and used for converting solar energy into electric energy for supplying power, and the timer is used for controlling the warning lamp to be lightened and the antenna to send replacement information to the outside when preset time is up.
7. The ecological grading, intercepting and controlling method for hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 6, is characterized in that: ecological bed bottom of floating is equipped with dead lever and horizontal pole, dead lever top and ecological bed bottom rigid coupling of floating, open the dead lever bottom has the fixed orifices, horizontal pole middle part rigid coupling has the center pin, the center pin passes the fixed orifices, and be connected through ball bearing between center pin and the fixed orifices, ecological bed upper wall of floating still is equipped with the rotating electrical machines, the coaxial gear that has set firmly of tip of rotating electrical machines, ecological bed of floating still opens there is spacing hole, the gag lever post is vertical to be passed spacing hole, and the lateral wall of gag lever post be equipped with gear engagement's rack, the one end of the articulated horizontal pole of gag lever post bottom, the other end rigid coupling of horizontal pole has the ejector pin that can offset.
8. The ecological grading, intercepting and controlling method for hardened ditches in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the lateral wall of the cross rod is provided with a blade.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN112939231A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-11 | 福建昱勋建设有限公司 | Landscape ecological floating bed construction method |
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| JP2012255276A (en) * | 2011-06-08 | 2012-12-27 | Shimizu Corp | Sand removal method of dam sediment |
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