CN111392693A - Method and equipment for preparing hydrobromic acid by distillation with finished liquid as raw material - Google Patents

Method and equipment for preparing hydrobromic acid by distillation with finished liquid as raw material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111392693A
CN111392693A CN202010434136.9A CN202010434136A CN111392693A CN 111392693 A CN111392693 A CN 111392693A CN 202010434136 A CN202010434136 A CN 202010434136A CN 111392693 A CN111392693 A CN 111392693A
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hydrobromic acid
liquid
distillation
condenser
acid
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杨文辉
唐多金
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B7/00Halogens; Halogen acids
    • C01B7/09Bromine; Hydrogen bromide
    • C01B7/093Hydrogen bromide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D3/00Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/14Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
    • B01D3/143Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column by two or more of a fractionation, separation or rectification step
    • B01D3/148Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column by two or more of a fractionation, separation or rectification step in combination with at least one evaporator

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and equipment for preparing hydrobromic acid by distillation by taking finished liquid as a raw material, which can reduce the production cost and improve the production efficiency, wherein the method is carried out according to the following steps in sequence: pumping a finished liquid containing hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid into a falling-film evaporator, and evaporating at the temperature of 123 ℃; HCl generated by evaporation and a small amount of bromine steam are mixed with seawater, and a mixed solution of hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid formed after evaporation is sent into a buffer tank; feeding the mixed solution of hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid into a distillation kettle with a small filler tower for distillation, wherein the temperature of the small filler tower is 125.5 ℃, and the temperature of the distillation kettle is 127 ℃; condensing hydrobromic acid gas generated by distillation through a condenser, and recovering a kettle tail residue liquid-dilute sulfuric acid liquid; the liquid produced in the condenser, i.e. hydrobromic acid, is recovered and mixed with the tail gas of the condenser with an alkali liquor.

Description

Method and equipment for preparing hydrobromic acid by distillation with finished liquid as raw material
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and equipment for producing hydrobromic acid, in particular to a method and equipment for preparing hydrobromic acid by distillation by taking finished liquid as a raw material, which can reduce the production cost and improve the production efficiency.
Background
The existing production methods of hydrobromic acid include a sulfur method, a red phosphorus method, a sulfur dioxide method, a synthesis method and the like, and all use bromine as a basic raw material.
The sulfur method is characterized in that bromine, sulfur and water are used as raw materials, hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid are produced through reaction, excessive sulfur residues are removed through filtration, a crude hydrobromic acid product is obtained through further distillation, barium hydroxide is added to remove sulfate radicals, and a qualified hydrobromic acid product is obtained through secondary distillation. Although the product quality is high and the operation is simple, bromine is needed as a raw material. The production cost of hydrobromic acid is high due to the expensive special tank needed for storing and transporting bromine.
Besides the problems of the above bromine as raw material, the red phosphorus method, sulfur dioxide method and synthesis method also have corresponding technical problems in different preparation methods.
The red phosphorus method is that red phosphorus is put into a reactor filled with water, bromine is slowly added under stirring to react to generate hydrobromic acid and phosphorous acid, and the hydrobromic acid is prepared by settling, filtering and distilling. The process is short, the equipment is simple, the production quality is stable, but the reaction is rapid and exothermic, a stable and reliable refrigeration system is needed in the production process to ensure the safe production, otherwise bromine overflows, raw materials are wasted, and serious public hazards such as atmosphere pollution are caused. In addition, red phosphorus is expensive and flammable.
The sulfur dioxide method comprises introducing sulfur dioxide into a reaction kettle containing bromine and crushed ice, maintaining the temperature below 20 deg.C until the solution turns yellow, distilling the mixed solution, adding barium hydroxide solution into the distilled solution to generate barium sulfate precipitate, standing, filtering, removing the precipitate, and distilling the filtrate to obtain the final product. Although the product quality is stable, the reaction is required to be carried out at a lower temperature, and the production efficiency is lower due to the slower reaction.
The synthesis method comprises the steps of feeding industrial bromine into a bromine storage tank, pumping the industrial bromine into a bromine gasification furnace through a metering pump, introducing hydrogen according to a ratio after heating and gasification, carrying out a chemical combination reaction in a hydrogen bromide synthesis furnace after preheating and heating, obtaining hydrogen bromide gas through cooling and tower purification, and then entering an absorption tower to be absorbed by desalted water to obtain the hydrobromic acid. The method has the advantages of no need of introducing other media, extremely high product quality, no three-waste pollution, extremely high requirement on equipment, strict safety measures, lower production efficiency and difficult realization of medium and small enterprises.
At present, the air blowing method is commonly adopted to extract bromine in bromine-containing brine (brine for short), and comprises the procedures of acidification, oxidation, blowing, absorption, distillation and the like of the brine. The specific method is that the brine is firstly acidified by sulfuric acid and the like, and then is oxidized by chlorine to replace bromide ions to form elemental bromine, then the acidified and oxidized brine is sprayed from the upper part of a blow-off tower, air is blown in from the bottom of the blow-off tower, and the air is utilized to carry out bromine desorption in a packed tower; then inputting bromine-containing air into an absorption tower, absorbing free hydrobromic acid by using sulfur dioxide and water, converting bromine molecules into hydrobromic acid liquid, oxidizing the sulfur dioxide into sulfuric acid to obtain a finished liquid containing hydrochloric acid, the hydrobromic acid and the sulfuric acid, and realizing the enrichment of bromine; finally, chlorine gas is used for oxidizing the finished solution and distilling the solution to obtain the bromine product. So far, no reports are available about the preparation of hydrobromic acid by distillation using a finished solution (a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid) as a raw material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a method and equipment for preparing hydrobromic acid by distillation by taking finished liquor as a raw material, which can reduce production cost and improve production efficiency.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a method for preparing hydrobromic acid by distillation by taking a finished solution as a raw material sequentially comprises the following steps: a. pumping a finished liquid containing hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid into a falling-film evaporator, and evaporating at the temperature of 123 ℃;
b. mixing HCl generated by evaporation and a small amount of bromine steam with seawater, and sending a mixed solution of hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid formed after evaporation into a buffer tank;
c. feeding the mixed solution of hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid into a distillation kettle with a small filler tower for distillation, wherein the temperature of the small filler tower is 125.5 ℃, and the temperature of the distillation kettle is 127 ℃;
d. condensing hydrobromic acid gas generated by distillation through a condenser, and recovering a distillation kettle tail residue liquid-dilute sulfuric acid liquid;
e. the liquid produced in the condenser, i.e. hydrobromic acid, is recovered and mixed with the tail gas of the condenser with an alkali liquor.
The equipment for the method for preparing the hydrobromic acid by distilling the finished liquid serving as the raw material is provided with a finished liquid tank body, wherein the finished liquid tank body is connected with an inlet of a falling-film evaporator through a first circulating pump, a gas outlet of the falling-film evaporator is connected with a mixed cooler, the mixed cooler is sequentially connected with a liquid storage tank and a first valve, one path of the liquid outlet of the falling-film evaporator is connected with a buffer tank through a second valve, and the other path of the liquid outlet of the falling-film evaporator is connected with the finished liquid tank body or the first circulating pump through a third valve; the buffer tank is connected with a distillation still with a small packing tower, a gas outlet of the small packing tower is connected with a condenser, a liquid outlet of the condenser is connected with an acid storage tank, a tail gas outlet of the condenser is connected with a jet pump, a lye tank is connected with the jet pump, and the lye tank is connected with the jet pump through a second circulating pump.
The invention directly uses the finished liquid (mixed liquid of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid) as the raw material to prepare hydrobromic acid by distillation, does not need to extract bromine, does not need to use a special expensive tank to store and transport the bromine, and reduces the production cost; the reaction temperature does not need to be controlled to be in a low-temperature state, so that the production efficiency is greatly improved; the whole reaction has no sharp heat release process, so that the phenomenon of bromine overflow can not occur, and the problems of raw material waste, atmosphere pollution and the like can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an apparatus used in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method for preparing hydrobromic acid by distillation by taking the finished solution as the raw material sequentially comprises the following steps of:
a. pumping a finished liquid containing hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid into a falling-film evaporator, and evaporating at the temperature of 123 ℃;
b. mixing HCl generated by evaporation and a small amount of bromine steam with seawater, returning to a bromine blowing process, and sending a mixed solution of hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid formed after evaporation into a buffer tank;
c. feeding the mixed solution of hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid into a distillation kettle with a small filler tower for distillation, wherein the temperature of the small filler tower is 125.5 ℃, and the temperature of the distillation kettle is 127 ℃;
d. condensing hydrobromic acid gas generated by distillation through a condenser, and recovering a distillation kettle tail residue liquid-dilute sulfuric acid liquid;
e. the liquid produced in the condenser, i.e. hydrobromic acid, is recovered and mixed with the tail gas of the condenser with an alkali liquor.
The used equipment is as shown in figure 1, and is provided with a finished liquid tank body 1, wherein the finished liquid tank body 1 is connected with an inlet of a falling-film evaporator 3 through a first circulating pump 2, a gas outlet of the falling-film evaporator 3 is connected with a mixed cooler 4, the mixed cooler 4 is sequentially connected with a liquid storage tank 5 and a first valve 6, one path of the liquid outlet of the falling-film evaporator 3 is connected with a buffer tank 8 through a second valve 7, and the other path of the liquid outlet is connected with the finished liquid tank body 1 and the first circulating pump 2 through a third valve 9; the buffer tank 8 is connected with a distillation still 11 with a small packed tower 10, the gas outlet of the small packed tower 10 is connected with a condenser 12, the condenser 12 can adopt a two-stage condenser, the liquid outlet of the condenser 12 is connected with an acid storage tank 13, the tail gas outlet of the condenser 12 is connected with a jet pump 14, a lye tank 15 is connected with the jet pump 14, and the lye tank 15 is connected with the jet pump 14 through a second circulating pump 16.
The working process is as follows:
1. the finished liquid tank 1 stores finished liquid (mixed liquid of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid) in the process of extracting bromine by an air blowing method, the finished liquid is pumped into the falling-film evaporator 3 by the first circulating pump 2, and steam is introduced to control the normal pressure of the falling-film evaporator 3 to be 123 ℃ so that hydrochloric acid and a small amount of bromine in the finished liquid are evaporated; the generated HCl and a small amount of bromine steam enter a mixing cooler 4 to be mixed with seawater and can return to a bromine blowing process; the water is stored in a liquid storage tank 5 and can be reused by a first valve 6 to occasions needing hydrochloric acid, such as acidification and oxidation of brine; the liquid evaporated at the normal pressure of the falling-film evaporator 3 at the temperature of 123 ℃ is a mixed liquid containing hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid, if the concentrations of the hydrobromic acid and the sulfuric acid reach control concentrations, the second valve 7 is started, the mixed liquid of the hydrobromic acid and the sulfuric acid is sent to the buffer tank 8 for buffering, otherwise, the third valve 9 is started, and the mixed liquid of the hydrobromic acid and the sulfuric acid is sent to the finished liquid tank 1 or is directly pumped into the falling-film evaporator 3 by the first circulating pump 2 for re-evaporation;
2. feeding the mixed solution of hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid into a distillation kettle 11 with a small packing tower 10 for distillation, wherein the temperature of the small packing tower is 125.5 ℃ under normal pressure, and the temperature of the distillation kettle is 127 ℃ under normal pressure, so that the hydrobromic acid in the mixed solution is changed into gas and enters a secondary condenser from a gas outlet at the upper end of the small packing tower 10, and the rest dilute sulfuric acid can be output for reuse, for example, for acidification and oxidation of brine;
3. the hydrobromic acid gas is condensed by a secondary condenser to become hydrobromic acid liquid, the hydrobromic acid liquid flows into an acid storage tank 13 to be stored, and then the hydrobromic acid product is obtained, and tail gas generated by the secondary condenser enters an injection pump 14 to be mixed with alkali liquor pumped by a second circulating pump 16 and stored in an alkali liquor tank 15.

Claims (2)

1. A method for preparing hydrobromic acid by distillation by taking a finished solution as a raw material is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps of:
a. pumping a finished liquid containing hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid into a falling-film evaporator, and evaporating at the temperature of 123 ℃;
b. mixing HCl generated by evaporation and a small amount of bromine steam with seawater, and sending a mixed solution of hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid formed after evaporation into a buffer tank;
c. feeding the mixed solution of hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid into a distillation kettle with a small filler tower for distillation, wherein the temperature of the small filler tower is 125.5 ℃, and the temperature of the distillation kettle is 127 ℃;
d. condensing hydrobromic acid gas generated by distillation through a condenser, and recovering a distillation kettle tail residue liquid-dilute sulfuric acid liquid;
e. the liquid produced in the condenser, i.e. hydrobromic acid, is recovered and mixed with the tail gas of the condenser with an alkali liquor.
2. An apparatus for the process of producing hydrobromic acid by distillation starting from a finished liquor according to claim 1, comprising: the device is provided with a finished liquid tank body (1), wherein the finished liquid tank body (1) is connected with an inlet of a falling-film evaporator (3) through a first circulating pump (2), a gas outlet of the falling-film evaporator (3) is connected with a mixing cooler (4), the mixing cooler (4) is sequentially connected with a liquid storage tank (5) and a first valve (6), one path of a liquid outlet of the falling-film evaporator (3) is connected with a buffer tank (8) through a second valve (7), and the other path of the liquid outlet of the falling-film evaporator is connected with the finished liquid tank body (1) or the first circulating pump (2) through a third valve (9); the buffer tank (8) is connected with a distillation kettle (11) with a small packing tower (10), a gas outlet of the small packing tower (10) is connected with a condenser (12), a liquid outlet of the condenser (12) is connected with an acid storage tank (13), a tail gas outlet of the condenser (12) is connected with a jet pump (14), a lye tank (15) is connected with the jet pump (14), and the lye tank (15) is connected with the jet pump (14) through a second circulating pump (16).
CN202010434136.9A 2020-05-21 2020-05-21 Method and equipment for preparing hydrobromic acid by distillation with finished liquid as raw material Pending CN111392693A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB307985A (en) * 1927-12-21 1929-03-21 Cellulose Soc Ind De Improvements relating to the recuperation of hydrochloric acid gas from aqueous hydrochloric acid
CN107531480A (en) * 2015-02-19 2018-01-02 阿戈洛赛尔实业有限公司 Hydrobromic acid preparation method
CN108821238A (en) * 2018-07-26 2018-11-16 崔斌德 Blow out absorption process hydrobromic acid production method
CN218665415U (en) * 2020-05-21 2023-03-21 杨文辉 Equipment for preparing hydrobromic acid by distillation with finished liquid as raw material

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB307985A (en) * 1927-12-21 1929-03-21 Cellulose Soc Ind De Improvements relating to the recuperation of hydrochloric acid gas from aqueous hydrochloric acid
CN107531480A (en) * 2015-02-19 2018-01-02 阿戈洛赛尔实业有限公司 Hydrobromic acid preparation method
CN108821238A (en) * 2018-07-26 2018-11-16 崔斌德 Blow out absorption process hydrobromic acid production method
CN218665415U (en) * 2020-05-21 2023-03-21 杨文辉 Equipment for preparing hydrobromic acid by distillation with finished liquid as raw material

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
张汝冰: "利用副产氢溴酸生产工业氢溴酸工艺探讨", 无机盐工业, no. 03, pages 39 *

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