CN111391433B - Wear-resistant composite metal material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wear-resistant composite metal material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111391433B CN111391433B CN202010385024.9A CN202010385024A CN111391433B CN 111391433 B CN111391433 B CN 111391433B CN 202010385024 A CN202010385024 A CN 202010385024A CN 111391433 B CN111391433 B CN 111391433B
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- cast iron
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- solder
- carbon steel
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/003—Welding in a furnace
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/554—Wear resistance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
Abstract
The invention provides a wear-resistant composite metal material, which is compounded with a hard alloy layer and a carbon steel layer respectively on two sides of a cast iron layer. The method for preparing the material is also provided, and the material is prepared by carrying out heat treatment on two to-be-compounded metal materials with solder sandwiched between the two materials under the vacuum high-temperature condition at the same time or in two steps. The invention especially designs and provides a three-layer composite material of hard alloy, cast iron and carbon steel, which has excellent wear resistance and good toughness and can resist larger impact. Compared with the existing cast iron-carbon steel two-layer composite material, the service life of the three-layer composite material is prolonged by 3-10 times. The preparation method, particularly the first preparation method, has the advantages of few steps, simple operation, strong commonality with the preparation process of the existing two-layer composite material, and convenient industrialized conversion implementation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal material and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a wear-resistant composite metal material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the occasion of carrying out the breakage to the material that has certain hardness, broken part is because the life of the big serious influence equipment of wearing and tearing not only takes time and labours, and broken part's consumptive material loss leads to the cost to be high moreover greatly. The part material can realize that the crushing of hard materials generally requires that the crushing part material has high hardness and high wear resistance. At present, the materials of the parts are mostly single hard alloy, high-chromium cast iron and the like with certain hardness and wear resistance. Furthermore, the high-chromium cast iron and the like are used as excellent wear-resistant materials, have high hardness but poor toughness and greatly limit the application of the high-chromium cast iron under the conditions of strong impact and high stress because the materials of the parts are required to have high toughness in use and can resist the impact of materials in the processing process. In order to make up for the defect of insufficient toughness of high-chromium cast iron, the existing method adopts the process of compounding low-carbon steel and high-chromium cast iron to prepare a bimetal composite material, thereby prolonging the service life of components. However, on one hand, the wear resistance of the composite material can not meet the application requirements no matter the composite material is a single wear-resistant metal material or a bimetal composite material such as a high-chromium casting and low-carbon steel, on the other hand, the physical and chemical properties of different metal layers are greatly different, the preparation of the composite material is very difficult, the composite preparation and the application of double-layer metal are also limited, and the preparation of multi-layer composite metal with more than two layers is not seen in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a wear-resistant composite metal material and a preparation method thereof, which can greatly improve the wear resistance of the material and effectively prolong the service life of a wear-resistant part. The invention is realized by the following scheme.
A wear-resistant composite metal material is compounded with a hard alloy layer and a carbon steel layer on two sides of a cast iron layer respectively, and is provided with a first interface formed by the hard alloy layer and the cast iron layer and a second interface formed by the cast iron layer and the carbon steel layer.
When the welding strength of the first interface of the hard alloy layer and the cast iron layer is more than 150Mpa, and the welding strength of the second interface of the cast iron layer and the carbon steel layer is more than 210Mpa, the hardness of the composite material presents gradient distribution, and the overall toughness is better.
The composite material also contains copper, one or two of nickel and cobalt and one or more of silver, gold and platinum of rare noble metals. When the copper accounts for 0.4-8% of the composite metal material by mass and the rare noble metal accounts for 0.1-4% of the composite metal material by mass, the composite material has more excellent integral wear resistance.
One of the preparation methods of the wear-resistant composite metal material comprises the following steps:
adding a first welding flux between the hard alloy material and the cast iron material, adding a second welding flux between the cast iron material and the carbon steel material to form a three-layer metal material to be compounded, placing the metal material to be compounded in a vacuum high-temperature environment for heat treatment until the welding flux is molten, and cooling to obtain the wear-resistant composite metal material. The first solder is a multilayer composite solder formed by an upper layer and a lower layer of alloy solder of rare noble metal and copper and alloy solder of nickel or/and cobalt sandwiched between the copper and the alloy solder of nickel or/and cobalt.
The rare noble metal is silver.
The heat treatment process in the vacuum high-temperature environment comprises the steps of firstly heating to 1000-1200 ℃ at the speed of 4-5 ℃/min and under the vacuum degree of 1-0.01 Pa, and then preserving heat for 3-9 hours under the conditions that the vacuum degree of 0.1-0.001 Pa and the temperature of 1000-1200 ℃.
The second preparation method of the wear-resistant composite metal material comprises the following steps:
adding a first welding flux between the hard alloy material and the cast iron material, then placing the hard alloy material and the cast iron material in a first vacuum high-temperature environment for heat treatment until the welding flux is molten, cooling the hard alloy material and the cast iron material, then adding a second welding flux between the cast iron material and the carbon steel material, placing the cast iron material in a second vacuum high-temperature environment for heat treatment until the welding flux is molten, and cooling the cast iron material and the carbon steel material to obtain the wear-resistant composite metal material; the first solder is a multilayer composite solder formed by an upper layer and a lower layer of alloy solder of rare noble metal and copper and alloy solder of nickel or/and cobalt sandwiched between the copper and the alloy solder of nickel or/and cobalt. The second welding material can adopt the welding material adopted when the high-chromium cast iron and the carbon steel plate are welded and compounded in the prior art, such as copper-manganese-nickel alloy welding material.
The rare noble metal is silver.
The heat treatment process of the first vacuum high-temperature environment is basically the same as that of the second vacuum high-temperature environment, the process parameters of vacuum temperature rise-vacuum heat preservation are respectively selected from the following ranges, when the temperature is increased to 1000-1200 ℃ at the speed of 4-5 ℃/min and the vacuum degree is 1-0.01 Pa, and then the temperature is preserved for 3-9 hours under the conditions that the vacuum degree is 0.1-0.001 Pa and the temperature is 1000-1200 ℃; the total thermal process time is 9-18 hours.
In the scheme of the invention, the hard alloy material, the cast iron material and the carbon steel material are formed materials, such as plates and the like, and can adopt corresponding mature commodities in the prior art, for example, the hard alloy can adopt commodities with the grades of YG8 and YG10, the cast iron material generally adopts high-chromium cast iron, and the carbon steel material can adopt common carbon steel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention particularly designs and provides a three-layer composite material of hard alloy-cast iron-carbon steel, the composite sequential design is that the hard alloy has optimal wear resistance to resist first-stage wear, the cast iron has the wear resistance inferior to that of the hard alloy and can provide second-stage wear resistance requirement, and the carbon steel has low hardness but good toughness and can resist larger impact. Compared with the existing cast iron-carbon steel two-layer composite material, the service life of the three-layer composite material is prolonged by 3-10 times.
2. The invention provides a method for compounding three different metal layers, in particular to a method for preparing a hard alloy and cast iron layer, which has the technical problem that the compounding of the hard alloy and other metals, especially the compounding of the hard alloy and other metal forming materials is difficult to achieve due to the poor interface wettability between the hard alloy and the different metal layers. By adopting the preparation method, the composition between the hard alloy and other metals, particularly molding materials, can be realized, and the three-layer composite metal can be prepared.
3. The preparation method, particularly the first preparation method, has the advantages of few steps, simple operation, strong commonality with the preparation process of the existing two-layer composite material, and convenient industrialized conversion implementation.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Adding a first welding flux between a hard alloy plate material and a high-chromium cast iron plate material with the mark of YG8, adding a second welding flux between the high-chromium cast iron plate material and a common carbon steel plate material to form a three-layer metal material to be compounded, then placing the metal material to be compounded in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, heating to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min and the vacuum degree of 1Pa, then keeping the temperature at the vacuum degree of 0.1-0.001 Pa and the vacuum degree of 1000 ℃ for 9 hours until the welding flux is molten, and cooling to obtain the wear-resistant composite metal material. Wherein the first solder is: the composite solder is a multilayer sandwich composite solder formed by an upper layer and a lower layer of silver-copper alloy solder and a middle layer of copper-nickel alloy solder, and the second solder is copper-manganese-nickel alloy solder.
The method prepares the three-layer composite plate material of hard alloy, high-chromium cast iron and common carbon steel, the welding strength of a first interface is 150Mpa, the welding strength of a second interface formed by the cast iron layer and the carbon steel layer is 210Mpa, and the hardness of the composite material is in gradient distribution. In the composite material, the copper accounts for 3.7 percent of the mass of the composite metal material, and the silver accounts for 0.4 percent of the mass of the composite metal material. Through actual measurement and application, when the three-layer composite board is used for hammer head components in sugar industry, the service life is 50 weeks, while the service life of the existing high-chromium cast iron-common carbon steel double-layer composite material is 10 weeks under the same service condition.
Example 2
Adding a first welding flux between a hard alloy plate material with the mark of YG10 and a high-chromium cast iron plate material, placing the materials in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, heating to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min and the vacuum degree of 0.01Pa, then preserving heat for 9 hours under the conditions that the vacuum degree is 0.1-0.001 Pa and the temperature is 1200 ℃ until the welding flux is molten, and cooling to obtain a double-layer composite metal material; and then adding a second welding flux between the high-chromium cast iron plate material layer of the double-layer composite material and the common carbon steel plate material, placing the double-layer composite material in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, heating to 1100 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min and the vacuum degree of 0.01Pa, then preserving heat for 6 hours under the conditions that the vacuum degree is 0.1-0.001 Pa and the temperature is 1100 ℃ until the welding flux is molten, and cooling to obtain the wear-resistant composite metal material. Wherein the first solder is: the multilayer sandwich composite solder is formed by an upper layer and a lower layer of silver and copper alloy solder and a copper and nickel alloy solder sandwiched between the upper layer and the lower layer; the second solder is copper-manganese-nickel alloy solder.
The three-layer composite material of the hard alloy, the high-chromium cast iron and the common carbon steel is prepared by the method, the welding strength of a first interface is 150Mpa, the welding strength of a second interface formed by the cast iron layer and the carbon steel layer is 210Mpa, and the hardness of the composite material is in gradient distribution. In the composite material, copper accounts for 0.5 percent of the mass of the composite metal material, and silver accounts for 0.3 percent of the mass of the composite metal material. Through actual measurement and application, when the material is used for hammer head components in sugar industry, the service life is 40 weeks, while the service life of the existing double-layer composite material of high-chromium cast iron-common carbon steel is 4 weeks under the same service condition.
Claims (6)
1. A method of making a wear resistant composite metal material, comprising: adding a first welding flux between the hard alloy material and the cast iron material, adding a second welding flux between the cast iron material and the carbon steel material to form a three-layer metal material to be compounded, performing heat treatment on the metal material to be compounded in a vacuum high-temperature environment until the welding flux is molten, and cooling to obtain the wear-resistant composite metal material; the first solder is a multilayer composite solder formed by an upper layer and a lower layer of alloy solder of rare noble metal and copper and alloy solder of nickel or/and cobalt sandwiched between the copper and the alloy solder of nickel or/and cobalt.
2. The method of making a wear resistant composite metal material of claim 1, wherein: the rare noble metal is silver.
3. The method of producing a wear resistant composite metal material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the heat treatment process in the vacuum high-temperature environment comprises the steps of heating to 1000-1200 ℃ at the speed of 4-5 ℃/min and the vacuum degree of 1-0.01 Pa, and then preserving heat for 3-9 hours at the vacuum degree of 0.1-0.001 Pa and the temperature of 1000-1200 ℃.
4. A method of making a wear resistant composite metal material, comprising: adding a first welding flux between the hard alloy material and the cast iron material, then placing the hard alloy material and the cast iron material in a first vacuum high-temperature environment for heat treatment until the welding flux is molten, cooling the hard alloy material and the cast iron material, then adding a second welding flux between the cast iron material and the carbon steel material, placing the cast iron material in a second vacuum high-temperature environment for heat treatment until the welding flux is molten, and cooling the cast iron material and the carbon steel material to obtain the wear-resistant composite metal material; the first solder is a multilayer composite solder formed by an upper layer and a lower layer of alloy solder of rare noble metal and copper and alloy solder of nickel or/and cobalt sandwiched between the copper and the alloy solder of nickel or/and cobalt.
5. The method of making a wear resistant composite metal material of claim 4, wherein: the rare noble metal is silver.
6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the first vacuum high-temperature environment and the second vacuum high-temperature environment are heat-treated by heating to 1000-1200 ℃ at a temperature of 4-5 ℃/min and a vacuum degree of 1-0.01 Pa, and then maintaining the temperature at a vacuum degree of 0.1-0.001 Pa and a temperature of 1000-1200 ℃ for 3-9 hours.
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| CN202010385024.9A CN111391433B (en) | 2020-05-09 | 2020-05-09 | Wear-resistant composite metal material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN202010385024.9A CN111391433B (en) | 2020-05-09 | 2020-05-09 | Wear-resistant composite metal material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111391433B true CN111391433B (en) | 2021-11-02 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112659677B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-09-16 | 林雅烈 | Metal material for manufacturing ornaments, preparation method thereof and ornament preparation method |
| CN115498589B (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-03-31 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Passive heating and heat-preserving device for cable terminal and preparation method |
| CN115556436B (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-03-03 | 长沙威尔保新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of multilayer alloy wear-resistant composite material |
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| TW200920860A (en) * | 2006-08-09 | 2009-05-16 | Shoji Co Ltd Ing | Iron base corrosion-resistance abrasion resistance alloy and overlay welding material for obtaining the said alloy |
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| CN106563893A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-04-19 | 四川科力特硬质合金股份有限公司 | Silver brazing solder of cemented carbide and steel and silver brazing method thereof |
| CN208261826U (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-12-21 | 邯郸慧桥复合材料科技有限公司 | A kind of bimetal wear block |
| CN110744266A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-02-04 | 西安理工大学 | Method for preparing high-chromium cast iron-low-carbon steel layered bimetallic material |
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2020
- 2020-05-09 CN CN202010385024.9A patent/CN111391433B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW200920860A (en) * | 2006-08-09 | 2009-05-16 | Shoji Co Ltd Ing | Iron base corrosion-resistance abrasion resistance alloy and overlay welding material for obtaining the said alloy |
| CN103302269A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2013-09-18 | 孙岗 | Bimetal complex product and hard alloy melt-casting process thereof |
| CN106563893A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-04-19 | 四川科力特硬质合金股份有限公司 | Silver brazing solder of cemented carbide and steel and silver brazing method thereof |
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