CN111389897A - Soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration - Google Patents
Soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration Download PDFInfo
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- CN111389897A CN111389897A CN202010173082.5A CN202010173082A CN111389897A CN 111389897 A CN111389897 A CN 111389897A CN 202010173082 A CN202010173082 A CN 202010173082A CN 111389897 A CN111389897 A CN 111389897A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of soil remediation, in particular to a soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment remediation, which comprises the following steps: s1, loosening the soil; s2, preparing a soil remediation agent; s3, preparing mixed soil; s4, maintaining; s5, checking and accepting; the soil repairing agent comprises, by mass, 10-20 parts of quick lime, 12-16 parts of fishbone powder, 10-15 parts of medical stone powder and 3-6 parts of dextrin. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the soil pollution treatment method is simple to operate, is convenient for workers to carry out remediation treatment on the soil polluted by the pesticide, and is beneficial to improving the remediation effect of the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment remediation.
Background
China is a big agricultural country and is also a big country for producing and consuming agriculture. At present, farmers mostly directly spray pesticides on soil or plant surfaces, so that the soil is seriously polluted by the pesticides. Research shows that only one part of the pesticide is left on the plant during application, and the other part of the pesticide enters soil and air. The soil is a storage and a collecting and distributing place of the pesticide in the environment. Researches show that 80-90% of the used pesticide amount finally enters the soil, and more than 80% of the used pesticide amount remains in a surface soil layer of 0-20cm of the soil, so that the soil pesticide pollution is a serious global problem at present and needs to be solved urgently.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN104841689A discloses a method for degrading organic pollutants in soil by using low-temperature plasma, which comprises: placing the soil containing organic pollutants into a plasma reaction chamber, and introducing oxygen at the same time until degradation is completed; wherein the organic pollutant is one or two of acetochlor and atrazine, and the voltage of the plasma reaction chamber is 10-100V.
However, in the above method, the plasma technology is required to repair the soil, which is complicated in equipment and troublesome in operation, and is inconvenient for workers to repair the soil.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the first purpose of the invention is to provide a soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration, which is convenient for workers to restore soil polluted by pesticides.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration comprises the following steps:
s1, soil loosening: deeply ploughing and deeply loosening the soil to 50-55cm to ensure the soil to be loose, and if the water content of the soil is lower than 0.02%, spraying water to the soil in a proper amount to ensure that the water content of the soil reaches 2.5% -3%;
s2, preparing a soil remediation agent;
s3, preparing mixed soil: mixing and stirring the soil remediation agent and the scarified soil to form mixed soil;
s4, maintaining;
s5, checking and accepting: checking and accepting;
the soil remediation agent comprises the following components in parts by mass:
10-20 parts of quicklime
12-16 parts of fishbone powder
10-15 parts of medical stone powder
3-6 parts of dextrin.
By adopting the technical scheme, the soil is deeply ploughed and loosened to 50-55cm, and meanwhile, the water content of the soil reaches 2.5% -3%, so that the soil hardening is favorably broken, and the organic matters and the air permeability of the soil are favorably increased; and finally, adding water into the mixed soil to ensure that the water content of the mixed soil reaches 30-40%, fully absorbing the water by the mixed soil, ensuring the water storage capacity of the mixed soil, and simultaneously being beneficial to improving the repairing effect of the soil repairing agent on the mixed soil.
By adding the quick lime, the water absorption of the soil remediation agent is favorably enhanced, so that the water in the mixed soil is favorably absorbed, calcium hydroxide is easily generated after the quick lime absorbs water, the soil possibly contains hydroxyl, so that heavy metal in the mixed soil is more easily combined with the hydroxyl to be removed, and the heavy metal content in the mixed soil is favorably reduced.
The addition of the fishbone powder obviously increases the organic matter content in the mixed soil, and the medical stone powder and the fishbone powder are matched to play a synergistic effect, so that on one hand, the quantity of organic carbon functional groups in the mixed soil is favorably changed, the remediation effect of the soil remediation agent on cadmium-polluted soil is favorably improved, and on the other hand, the absorption of the soil remediation agent on heavy metal ions such as cadmium in the mixed soil is favorably improved.
The addition of dextrin is favorable for enhancing the adhesiveness among the components in the soil remediation agent, so that the components are favorably and uniformly mixed, the soil remediation agent can better play a role to adsorb pesticides, the pesticides are further less prone to remaining in the treated soil, and the soil remediation effect is favorably improved.
The quick lime, the medical stone powder, the fishbone powder and the dextrin are compounded according to a specific proportion, so that on one hand, the removal effect of the soil remediation agent on pesticides in the mixed soil is improved, the content of effective cadmium in the soil is reduced, beneficial bacteria and active organic matters in the soil are activated, and the activity of the mixed soil is improved.
Further, in step S4, deionized water is added into the mixed soil to make the water content of the mixed soil not less than 30%, and the mixed soil is covered with a plastic film to keep the water content, so that the water content of the mixed soil is 30-40% and the mixed soil is maintained for 28-60 days.
Further, the putty of the step S2 also comprises 15-18 parts of rice hull powder by mass.
Further, the rice hull powder needs to be treated by the following treatment method:
(1) removing impurities from rice hulls, placing the rice hulls into a closed tank, keeping the pressure at 8-9MPa, taking nitrogen as protective gas, controlling the temperature at 170-180 ℃ and the relative humidity at 90-95%, quickly relieving pressure and cooling to a normal state after heat preservation and pressure maintaining treatment for 2-4min, and taking the rice hulls out for later use;
(2) putting the rice hull treated in the step (1), a silane coupling agent, ethylene glycol, soybean lecithin, sodium hexametaphosphate, paraffin, dioctyl phthalate, calcium carbonate, mineral wool and bentonite into a ball mill, treating for 2-3h at the rotating speed of 200 plus materials at 250 revolutions per minute, taking out, drying and crushing, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve.
By adopting the technical scheme, the specific surface area of the rice hull powder is increased after the treatment, substances such as abundant cellulose, lignin and the like contained in the rice hull powder can provide a large amount of hydroxyl groups, and the interaction with ions or organic matters is enhanced, so that the rice hull powder can be used for adsorbing lead in soil and is difficult to dissolve out, and in addition, the rice hull powder contains a large amount of active amorphous silicon which can be rapidly hydrated with Ca generated by clinker and slag in a liquid phase2+And OH-The ions react to form stable CSH gel, and heavy metal lead can form Pb-CSH insoluble substances with the CSH gel through Pb-O-Si bonds. The solidified body wraps the formed lead insoluble substances in soil in a physical mode, so that lead in the mixed soil can be removed; on the other hand, the soil repairing agent can be matched with dextrin to play a synergistic effect, and is beneficial to improving the compatibility and the adhesiveness among all components of the soil repairing agent.
Further, the medical stone powder is modified medical stone powder, and the preparation method of the modified medical stone powder comprises the following steps:
soaking medical stone in corresponding mass parts in 10-13% hydrochloric acid for 3-4 hours, washing with deionized water, calcining at 400-500 ℃ for 4-5 hours, cooling, soaking in 10-15% hydrogen peroxide solution for 3-4 hours, washing with deionized water to neutrality, drying, adding 1-2% of lauryl sulfuric acid, 2-3% of α -ethyl cyanoacrylate and 1-2% of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, stirring at 80-100 ℃ for 3-5 hours, standing for 15-20 hours, drying at 100-120 ℃ and crushing.
By adopting the technical scheme, the medical stone powder is modified, so that the adsorption performance of the medical stone powder on heavy metal ions in the mixed soil is improved, the heavy metal ions such as copper, cadmium and the like in the mixed soil are converted from a form with higher activity to a form with lower activity, and meanwhile, the addition of the medical stone powder changes the pH value of the soil and is also favorable for exciting the enzyme activity and the bioavailable level of nutrient elements in the mixed soil.
Further, the fishbone powder is modified fishbone powder, and the preparation method of the modified fishbone powder comprises the following steps:
cleaning fishbone, coarsely grinding the fishbone, sieving the fishbone by a sieve of 80-120 meshes, then calcining the fishbone in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 350-450 ℃ in an anaerobic manner for 1-3h, and then taking out the fishbone and finely grinding the fishbone to sieve the fishbone by a sieve of 800-1200 meshes to obtain fishbone powder; mixing fishbone powder with octadecanoic acid, and ball milling at 40-60 deg.C for 20-40min to obtain modified fishbone powder.
By adopting the technical scheme, the modified fishbone powder forms a loose structure and has high porosity due to the space in the matrix after grinding and calcining, and has higher adsorption capacity and adsorption capacity for pesticide residues and heavy metals in the mixed soil, thereby being beneficial to improving the overall repair effect of the soil repairing agent on the mixed soil.
Further, the soil remediation agent comprises the following components in parts by mass:
13-17 parts of quicklime
13-15 parts of fishbone powder
12-14 parts of medical stone powder
16-17.3 parts of rice hull powder
3.5-5 parts of dextrin.
By adopting the technical scheme, the quicklime, the fishbone powder, the medical stone powder, the rice hull powder and the dextrin are compounded according to a specific proportion, and the soil remediation method can be applied to soil remediation in arid fields.
Further, the soil remediation agent comprises the following components in parts by mass:
15.5 portions of quicklime
Fishbone powder 14 parts
Medical stone powder 13.5 parts
16.8 portions of rice hull powder
4 parts of dextrin.
By adopting the technical scheme, the quicklime, the fishbone meal, the medical stone powder, the rice hull powder and the dextrin are compounded according to a specific proportion, so that on one hand, the removal effect of the soil remediation agent on pesticides and heavy metal ions in mixed soil is favorably improved, and on the other hand, the bonding performance among all components of the soil remediation agent is favorably improved.
Further, in step S2, the preparation method of the soil remediation agent comprises:
A. adding corresponding parts by mass of quick lime into a stirring kettle, stirring at the rotating speed of 40-50r/min, adding corresponding parts by mass of fishbone powder, medical stone powder and rice hull powder while stirring, uniformly stirring and mixing, adding 35-60 parts by mass of polyethylene glycol while stirring, and stirring for 15min to form a premix;
B. finally, adding 1-3 parts by mass of deionized water into the corresponding parts by mass of dextrin, stirring to form pasty dextrin, and mixing and stirring the premix and the pasty dextrin for 20-30min to obtain a mixture;
C. and putting the mixture into a granulator for granulation to obtain a granular soil remediation agent, wherein the grain size of the granular soil remediation agent is 1-2 cm.
According to the technical scheme, quicklime, fishbone powder, medical stone powder, rice hull powder and polyethylene glycol are mixed and stirred in a stirring kettle to obtain a premix, next step, ionized water and dextrin are mixed to obtain pasty dextrin, and the pasty dextrin and the premix are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture, so that the operation of the step is favorable for improving the bonding performance of the components, next step, the mixture is put into a granulator for granulation, and the particle size range of the soil remediation agent is 1-2cm, so that the soil remediation agent is favorably and fully contacted with mixed soil, and the remediation effect of the soil remediation agent on the mixed soil is favorably improved.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. deeply ploughing and loosening the soil to 50-55cm, and simultaneously enabling the water content of the soil to reach 2.5% -3%, so that the soil hardening is broken, and organic matters and air permeability of the soil are increased; and finally, adding water into the mixed soil to ensure that the water content of the mixed soil reaches 30-40%, fully absorbing the water by the mixed soil, ensuring the water storage capacity of the mixed soil, and simultaneously being beneficial to improving the repairing effect of the soil repairing agent on the mixed soil.
2. After the rice hull powder is treated, the specific surface area of the rice hull powder is increased, substances such as abundant cellulose and lignin contained in the rice hull powder can provide a large amount of hydroxyl groups, and interaction with ions or organic matters is enhanced, so that the rice hull powder can be used for adsorbing lead in soil and is not easy to dissolve out, and in addition, the rice hull powder contains a large amount of active amorphous silicon, and can be rapidly hydrated with Ca generated by clinker and slag in a liquid phase2+And OH-The ions react to form stable CSH gel, and heavy metal lead can form Pb-CSH insoluble substances with the CSH gel through Pb-O-Si bonds. The solidified body after solidification physically wraps the formed lead insoluble substanceIn the soil, lead in the mixed soil can be removed; on the other hand, the soil repairing agent can be matched with dextrin to play a synergistic effect, and is beneficial to improving the compatibility and the adhesiveness among all components of the soil repairing agent.
3. The quick lime, the fishbone powder, the medical stone powder, the rice hull powder and the dextrin are compounded according to a specific proportion, so that on one hand, the removal effect of the soil remediation agent on pesticides and heavy metal ions in the mixed soil is improved, and on the other hand, the bonding performance among all components of the soil remediation agent is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a soil contamination treatment method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to fig. 1 and examples.
In the following examples, ethyl α -cyanoacrylate was ethyl α -cyanoacrylate sold by Hebei Hengjing Chemicals, Inc., CAS number 7085-85-0.
In the following examples, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was used, which was sold by chemical Limited of south China, Heizhou under CAS number 57-09-0.
In the following examples, octadecanoic acid was obtained from Octadecanoic acid sold by south arrow biomaterial, Jiang, Zhejiang, and CAS number 57-11-4.
In the following examples, the silane coupling agent is a W-1860 powder silane coupling agent sold by Suzhou Patrina environmental protection new material Co.
In the following examples, soybean lecithin was obtained from soybean lecithin sold under the trade name of S27982-100g by Shanghai-sourced leaf Biotech Co.
In the following examples, dioctyl phthalate was prepared from dioctyl phthalate sold under the trade name S24216-500ml by Shanghai-derived leaf Biotech Ltd.
In the following examples, calcium carbonate sold by Shanghai-sourced leaf Biotechnology Ltd under the trade designation S24297-500g was used.
In the following examples, waste rice hulls from a rice processing plant were used as the rice hull powder. The soil remediation agent may also include other conventional adjuvants.
Example 1
A soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration, referring to fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
s1, soil loosening: deeply ploughing and deeply loosening the soil to 50cm to ensure the soil to be loose, and if the water content of the soil is lower than 0.02 percent, spraying a proper amount of water to the soil to ensure that the water content of the soil reaches 2.5 percent.
S2, preparing a soil remediation agent, wherein the components and the parts by mass of the soil remediation agent are shown in the table 1.
The preparation method of the soil remediation agent comprises the following steps:
A. adding corresponding parts by mass of quick lime into a stirring kettle, stirring at the rotating speed of 40r/min, adding corresponding parts by mass of fishbone powder and medical stone powder while stirring, uniformly stirring and mixing, adding 35 parts by mass of polyethylene glycol while stirring, and stirring for 15min to form a premix.
B. And finally, adding 1 part by mass of deionized water into the corresponding part by mass of dextrin, stirring to form pasty dextrin, and mixing and stirring the premix and the pasty dextrin for 20min to obtain a mixture.
C. And putting the mixture into a granulator for granulation to obtain a granular soil remediation agent, wherein the grain size of the granular soil remediation agent is within 1 cm.
S3, preparing mixed soil: and mixing and stirring the soil remediation agent and the scarified soil to form mixed soil.
S4, maintenance: adding deionized water into the mixed soil to ensure that the water content of the mixed soil is not less than 30%, covering the mixed soil with a plastic film to keep the water content, and maintaining the mixed soil for 28 days when the water content of the mixed soil is 30%.
S5, checking and accepting: and (6) checking and accepting.
Example 2
A soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration, referring to fig. 1, which is different from example 1 in that it comprises the following steps:
s1, soil loosening: deeply ploughing and deeply loosening the soil to 53cm to ensure the soil to be loose, and if the water content of the soil is lower than 0.02 percent, spraying a proper amount of water to the soil to ensure that the water content of the soil reaches 2.7 percent.
S2, preparing a soil remediation agent, wherein the components and the parts by mass of the soil remediation agent are shown in the table 1.
The preparation method of the soil remediation agent comprises the following steps:
A. adding corresponding parts by mass of quick lime into a stirring kettle, stirring at the rotating speed of 45r/min, adding corresponding parts by mass of fishbone powder, medical stone powder and rice hull powder while stirring, uniformly stirring and mixing, adding 50 parts by mass of polyethylene glycol while stirring, and stirring for 15min to form a premix.
B. And finally, adding 2 parts by mass of deionized water into the corresponding parts by mass of dextrin, stirring to form pasty dextrin, and mixing and stirring the premix and the pasty dextrin for 25min to obtain a mixture.
C. And putting the mixture into a granulator for granulation to obtain a granular soil remediation agent, wherein the grain size of the granular soil remediation agent is within 1.5 cm.
S3, preparing mixed soil: and mixing and stirring the soil remediation agent and the scarified soil to form mixed soil.
S4, maintenance: adding deionized water into the mixed soil to ensure that the water content of the mixed soil is not less than 30%, covering the mixed soil with a plastic film to keep the water content, and maintaining the mixed soil for 45 days to ensure that the water content of the mixed soil is 35%.
S5, checking and accepting: and (6) checking and accepting.
Example 3
A soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration, referring to fig. 1, which is different from example 2 in that, referring to fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, soil loosening: deeply ploughing and deeply loosening the soil to 55cm to ensure the soil to be loose, and if the water content of the soil is lower than 0.02 percent, spraying a proper amount of water to the soil to ensure that the water content of the soil reaches 3 percent.
S2, preparing a soil remediation agent, wherein the components and the parts by mass of the soil remediation agent are shown in the table 1.
The preparation method of the soil remediation agent comprises the following steps:
A. adding corresponding parts by mass of quick lime into a stirring kettle, stirring at the rotating speed of 50r/min, adding corresponding parts by mass of fishbone powder, medical stone powder and rice hull powder while stirring, uniformly stirring and mixing, adding 60 parts by mass of polyethylene glycol while stirring, and stirring for 15min to form a premix.
B. And finally, adding 3 parts by mass of deionized water into the corresponding parts by mass of dextrin, stirring to form pasty dextrin, and mixing and stirring the premix and the pasty dextrin for 30min to obtain a mixture.
C. And putting the mixture into a granulator for granulation to obtain a granular soil remediation agent, wherein the grain size of the granular soil remediation agent is within 2 cm.
S3, preparing mixed soil: and mixing and stirring the soil remediation agent and the scarified soil to form mixed soil.
S4, maintenance: adding deionized water into the mixed soil to ensure that the water content of the mixed soil is not less than 30%, covering the mixed soil with a plastic film to keep the water content, and maintaining the mixed soil for 60 days to ensure that the water content of the mixed soil is 40%.
S5, checking and accepting: and (6) checking and accepting.
In the components of the soil repairing agent, the rice hull powder needs to be treated by the following treatment method:
(1) removing impurities from rice hulls, placing into a closed tank, keeping the pressure at 8MPa, taking nitrogen as protective gas, controlling the temperature at 170 ℃ and the relative humidity at 90%, carrying out heat preservation and pressure maintaining treatment for 2min, then rapidly relieving pressure, cooling to a normal state, and taking out the rice hulls for later use.
(2) Putting the rice hull treated in the step (1), a silane coupling agent, ethylene glycol, soybean lecithin, sodium hexametaphosphate, paraffin, dioctyl phthalate, calcium carbonate, mineral wool and bentonite into a ball mill, treating for 2 hours at the rotating speed of 200 revolutions per minute, taking out, drying, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve.
Example 4
A soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration, which is different from the embodiment 3 in that: the components and parts by mass of the soil remediation agent are shown in table 1.
In the components of the soil repairing agent, the rice hull powder needs to be treated by the following treatment method:
(1) removing impurities from rice hulls, placing into a closed tank, keeping the pressure at 8.5MPa, taking nitrogen as protective gas, controlling the temperature at 175 ℃ and the relative humidity at 93%, carrying out heat preservation and pressure maintaining treatment for 3min, then rapidly relieving pressure, cooling to a normal state, and taking out the rice hulls for later use.
(2) Putting the rice hull treated in the step (1), a silane coupling agent, ethylene glycol, soybean lecithin, sodium hexametaphosphate, paraffin, dioctyl phthalate, calcium carbonate, mineral wool and bentonite into a ball mill, treating for 2.5 hours at the rotating speed of 230 revolutions per minute, taking out, drying, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve.
Wherein the medical stone powder is modified medical stone powder, and the preparation method of the modified medical stone powder comprises the following steps:
soaking medical stone in corresponding mass parts in 10% hydrochloric acid for 3 hours, washing with deionized water, calcining at 400 ℃ for 4 hours, cooling, soaking in 10% hydrogen peroxide solution for 3 hours, washing with deionized water to neutrality, drying, adding 1% lauryl sulfuric acid, 2% α -ethyl cyanoacrylate and 1% hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, stirring at 80 ℃ for 3 hours, standing for 15 hours, drying at 100 ℃ and crushing.
Example 5
A soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration, which is different from the embodiment 4 in that: the components and parts by mass of the soil remediation agent are shown in table 1.
Wherein, the rice hull powder needs to be treated by the following treatment method:
(1) removing impurities from rice hulls, placing into a closed tank, keeping the pressure at 9MPa, taking nitrogen as protective gas, controlling the temperature at 180 ℃ and the relative humidity at 95%, performing heat preservation and pressure maintaining treatment for 4min, rapidly relieving pressure, cooling to normal state, and taking out the rice hulls for later use.
(2) Putting the rice hull treated in the step (1), a silane coupling agent, ethylene glycol, soybean lecithin, sodium hexametaphosphate, paraffin, dioctyl phthalate, calcium carbonate, mineral wool and bentonite into a ball mill, treating for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 250 revolutions per minute, taking out, drying, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve.
Wherein the medical stone powder is modified medical stone powder, and the preparation method of the modified medical stone powder comprises the following steps:
soaking medical stone in 12% hydrochloric acid for 3.5 hr, washing with deionized water, calcining at 450 deg.c for 4.5 hr, cooling, soaking in 12% hydrogen peroxide solution for 3.5 hr, washing with deionized water to neutrality, stoving, adding laurinol sulfuric acid in 2 wt%, α -ethyl cyanoacrylate in 3 wt% and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in 1.5 wt% to the medical stone powder, stirring at 90 deg.c for 4 hr, standing for 17 hr, drying at 110 deg.c and crushing.
Wherein the fishbone powder is modified fishbone powder, and the preparation method of the modified fishbone powder comprises the following steps:
cleaning fishbone, coarsely grinding the fishbone, sieving the fishbone by a 80-mesh sieve, then calcining the fishbone in a muffle furnace at 350 ℃ in an anaerobic manner for 1h, and then taking out the fishbone, finely grinding the fishbone and sieving the fishbone by a 800-mesh sieve to obtain fishbone powder; mixing fishbone powder with octadecanoic acid, and ball-milling at 40 ℃ for 20min to obtain the modified fishbone powder.
Example 6
A soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration, which is different from the embodiment 5 in that: the components and parts by mass of the soil remediation agent are shown in table 1.
Wherein the medical stone powder is modified medical stone powder, and the preparation method of the modified medical stone powder comprises the following steps:
soaking medical stone in 13% hydrochloric acid for 4 hr, washing with deionized water, calcining at 500 deg.c for 5 hr, cooling, soaking in 15% hydrogen peroxide solution for 4 hr, washing with deionized water to neutrality, stoving, adding laurinol sulfuric acid in 2% of medical stone powder, ethyl α -cyanoacrylate in 3% of medical stone powder and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in 2% of medical stone powder, stirring at 100 deg.c for 5 hr, standing for 20 hr, drying at 120 deg.c and crushing.
Wherein the fishbone powder is modified fishbone powder, and the preparation method of the modified fishbone powder comprises the following steps:
cleaning fishbone, coarsely grinding and sieving the fishbone with a 100-mesh sieve, then calcining the fishbone in a muffle furnace at 400 ℃ for 1.5h in an anaerobic manner, and then taking out the fishbone, finely grinding and sieving the fishbone with a 1000-mesh sieve to obtain fishbone powder; mixing fishbone powder with octadecanoic acid, and ball-milling at 50 ℃ for 30min to obtain the modified fishbone powder.
Example 7
A soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration, which is different from the method in example 6 in that: the components and parts by mass of the soil remediation agent are shown in table 1.
Wherein the fishbone powder is modified fishbone powder, and the preparation method of the modified fishbone powder comprises the following steps:
cleaning fishbone, coarsely grinding, sieving with a 120-mesh sieve, calcining in a muffle furnace at 450 ℃ in an anaerobic manner for 3h, taking out, finely grinding and sieving with a 1200-mesh sieve to obtain fishbone powder; mixing fishbone powder with octadecanoic acid, and ball-milling at 60 ℃ for 40min to obtain the modified fishbone powder.
Example 8
A soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration, which is different from the method in example 7 in that: the components and parts by mass of the soil remediation agent are shown in table 1.
Example 9
A soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration, which is different from the method in example 7 in that: the components and parts by mass of the soil remediation agent are shown in table 1.
Example 10
A soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration, which is different from the method in example 7 in that: the components and parts by mass of the soil remediation agent are shown in table 1.
Table 1 composition and parts by mass of the soil remediation agent.
Comparative example 1
A soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration is different from the method in example 1 in that: the soil remediation agent is lack of medical stone powder.
Comparative example 2
A soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration is different from the method in example 1 in that: the soil repairing agent is lack of fish bone powder.
Comparative example 3
A soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration is different from the method in example 1 in that: the soil remediation agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 23 parts of quicklime, 14 parts of fishbone powder, 10 parts of medical stone powder, 10 parts of rice hull powder and 4 parts of dextrin.
Comparative example 4
Example 6, which is a method for in situ remediation of contaminated soil disclosed in chinese patent publication No. CN110293121A, was used as comparative example 4.
Comparative example 5
A soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration is different from the method in example 1 in that: a medical stone-based heavy metal polluted soil remediation agent disclosed in Chinese patent with publication number CN105885863B is used as the soil remediation agent.
Comparative example 6
A soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration is different from the method in example 1 in that: a soil remediation agent for remedying Cd-Pb composite contaminated soil disclosed in Chinese patent with publication number CN110484271A is used as the soil remediation agent.
The test data of each example and comparative example are shown in tables 2 to 3.
The soils of examples 1 to 10 correspond to samples 1 to 10, respectively, and the soils of comparative examples 1 to 6 correspond to samples 11 to 16, respectively.
Experiment 1
The content of hexachloro cyclohexane and dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (mg/kg) of the samples 1 to 16 before the soil treatment was measured according to GB/T14550-2003 gas chromatography for the measurement of hexachloro cyclohexane and dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane in the soil, and the content of hexachloro cyclohexane and dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (mg/kg) of the samples 1 to 16 after the soil remediation agent treatment was measured, and the removal rate (%) of hexachloro cyclohexane and the removal rate (%) of dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane were calculated.
Table 2 samples 1-16 were subjected to the test data of experiment 1.
Experiment 2
The concentration of cadmium in the soil before remediation (mg/L) and the concentration of cadmium in the soil after treatment (mg/L) were recorded for samples 1-16.
Table 3 samples 1-16 were subjected to the test data of experiment 2.
As can be seen from the data of samples 1 to 10 and samples 11 to 12 in the table, the medical stone powder and the fishbone powder were used in examples 1 to 10, whereas the component medical stone powder was absent in sample 11 and the component fishbone powder was absent in sample 12. As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the removal rate of hexachloro cyclohexane and the removal rate of dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane of the samples 1-10 are both higher than those of the samples 11-12, and the reduction effect of the samples 1-10 on the content of effective cadmium in soil is obviously higher than that of the samples 11-12, which shows that the content of organic matters in the mixed soil is obviously increased by adding the fishbone powder, and meanwhile, the medical stone powder and the fishbone powder are matched to play a synergistic effect, so that the removal effect of the soil remediation agent on residual pesticides in the soil is favorably enhanced, the quantity of organic carbon functional groups in the mixed soil is favorably changed, and the remediation effect of the soil remediation agent on cadmium-polluted soil is favorably improved.
According to the data of the sample 5 and the sample 13 in the table, the mixed soil is repaired by a specific repairing method, components and a specific proportion, so that heavy metal ions such as cadmium and the like can be more effectively converted from a form with higher activity to a form with lower activity, the effective state concentration of cadmium in the treated soil is greatly reduced, and even if the sample 13 adopts the same components, the repairing effect of the soil cannot reach the repairing effect of the sample 5 because the components are not compounded according to the specific proportion, which shows that when quicklime, fish bone meal, medical stone powder, rice hull powder and dextrin are compounded according to the specific proportion and are matched with the specific soil repairing method, the removing effect of the soil repairing agent on pesticides in the mixed soil can be better improved, and the effective state cadmium content in the soil can be reduced.
According to the data of the samples 1-10 and the sample 14 in the table, quicklime is adopted as the soil repairing agent in the samples 1-10, calcium oxide is also adopted in the sample 14, dextrin is adopted in the samples 1-10 and a specific treatment method is matched to enhance the bonding performance among all the components in the soil repairing agent, and water glass is adopted in the sample 14 to enhance the adhesiveness among all the components, but the experimental data shows that the reduction effect of the sample 14 on the content of effective cadmium in soil is lower than that of the sample 1-10, and the removal rate of hexachlorocyclohexane and the removal rate of dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane of the samples 1-10 are higher than that of the sample 14, so that the invention can be shown by adopting the combination of the quicklime, the medical stone powder, the fishbone powder and the dextrin according to a specific proportion and matching with a specific soil repairing agent preparation method, on one hand, the removal effect of pesticides of the soil repairing agent on mixed soil is improved, and reducing the content of available cadmium in the soil.
The data for samples 5-10 and 15-16 in the table show that the modification of medical stone powder in sample 15 was performed by different modification methods, while the treatment of fish bone powder in sample 16 was performed by different treatment methods. However, it can be seen from the experimental data that the reduction effect of the samples 15 to 16 on the content of cadmium in an effective state in soil is lower than that of the samples 5 to 10, and the removal rate of hexachloro cyclohexane and the removal rate of dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane of the samples 5 to 10 are higher than that of the samples 15 to 16, so that the modification treatment of the medical stone powder is beneficial to improving the adsorption performance of the medical stone powder on pesticide residues in the mixed soil, and simultaneously, heavy metal ions such as cadmium in the mixed soil can be converted from a form with higher activity to a form with lower activity, and the reduction of the content of cadmium in an effective state in soil is beneficial. After being ground and calcined, the fishbone powder forms a loose structure and has high porosity due to the space in the matrix, and has high adsorption capacity and adsorption capacity for pesticide residues and heavy metals in the mixed soil, thereby being beneficial to improving the overall repair effect of the soil repair agent on the mixed soil.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make modifications to the embodiments without inventive contribution as required after reading the present specification, but only protected by the patent laws within the scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, soil loosening: deeply ploughing and deeply loosening the soil to 50-55cm to ensure the soil to be loose, and if the water content of the soil is lower than 0.02%, spraying water to the soil in a proper amount to ensure that the water content of the soil reaches 2.5% -3%;
s2, preparing a soil remediation agent;
s3, preparing mixed soil: mixing and stirring the soil remediation agent and the scarified soil to form mixed soil;
s4, maintaining;
s5, checking and accepting: checking and accepting;
the soil remediation agent comprises the following components in parts by mass:
10-20 parts of quicklime
12-16 parts of fishbone powder
10-15 parts of medical stone powder
3-6 parts of dextrin.
2. The soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration as set forth in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S4, deionized water is added into the mixed soil to make the water content of the mixed soil not less than 30%, and the mixed soil is covered with a plastic film to keep the water content, so that the water content of the mixed soil is 30-40% and the mixed soil is maintained for 28-60 days.
3. The soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration as set forth in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the putty of the step S2 further comprises 15-18 parts of rice hull powder by mass.
4. The soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration as set forth in claim 3, characterized in that: the rice hull powder needs to be treated by the following treatment method:
(1) removing impurities from rice hulls, placing the rice hulls into a closed tank, keeping the pressure at 8-9MPa, taking nitrogen as protective gas, controlling the temperature at 170-180 ℃ and the relative humidity at 90-95%, quickly relieving pressure and cooling to a normal state after heat preservation and pressure maintaining treatment for 2-4min, and taking the rice hulls out for later use;
(2) putting the rice hull treated in the step (1), a silane coupling agent, ethylene glycol, soybean lecithin, sodium hexametaphosphate, paraffin, dioctyl phthalate, calcium carbonate, mineral wool and bentonite into a ball mill, treating for 2-3h at the rotating speed of 200 plus materials at 250 revolutions per minute, taking out, drying and crushing, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve.
5. The soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the medical stone powder is modified medical stone powder, and the preparation method of the modified medical stone powder comprises the following steps:
soaking medical stone in corresponding mass parts in 10-13% hydrochloric acid for 3-4 hours, washing with deionized water, calcining at 400-500 ℃ for 4-5 hours, cooling, soaking in 10-15% hydrogen peroxide solution for 3-4 hours, washing with deionized water to neutrality, drying, adding 1-2% of lauryl sulfuric acid, 2-3% of α -ethyl cyanoacrylate and 1-2% of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, stirring at 80-100 ℃ for 3-5 hours, standing for 15-20 hours, drying at 100-120 ℃ and crushing.
6. The soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the fishbone powder is modified fishbone powder, and the preparation method of the modified fishbone powder comprises the following steps:
cleaning fishbone, coarsely grinding the fishbone, sieving the fishbone by a sieve of 80-120 meshes, then calcining the fishbone in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 350-450 ℃ in an anaerobic manner for 1-3h, and then taking out the fishbone and finely grinding the fishbone to sieve the fishbone by a sieve of 800-1200 meshes to obtain fishbone powder; mixing fishbone powder with octadecanoic acid, and ball milling at 40-60 deg.C for 20-40min to obtain modified fishbone powder.
7. The soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration as set forth in claim 6, which is characterized in that: the soil remediation agent comprises the following components in parts by mass:
13-17 parts of quicklime
13-15 parts of fishbone powder
12-14 parts of medical stone powder
16-17.3 parts of rice hull powder
3.5-5 parts of dextrin.
8. The soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration as set forth in claim 7, wherein: the soil remediation agent comprises the following components in parts by mass:
15.5 portions of quicklime
Fishbone powder 14 parts
Medical stone powder 13.5 parts
16.8 portions of rice hull powder
4 parts of dextrin.
9. The soil pollution treatment method for ecological environment restoration as set forth in claim 8, wherein: in the step S2, the preparation method of the soil remediation agent comprises the following steps:
A. adding corresponding parts by mass of quick lime into a stirring kettle, stirring at the rotating speed of 40-50r/min, adding corresponding parts by mass of fishbone powder, medical stone powder and rice hull powder while stirring, uniformly stirring and mixing, adding 35-60 parts by mass of polyethylene glycol while stirring, and stirring for 15min to form a premix;
B. finally, adding 1-3 parts by mass of deionized water into the corresponding parts by mass of dextrin, stirring to form pasty dextrin, and mixing and stirring the premix and the pasty dextrin for 20-30min to obtain a mixture;
C. and putting the mixture into a granulator for granulation to obtain a granular soil remediation agent, wherein the grain size of the granular soil remediation agent is 1-2 cm.
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