CN111388365A - Silicon-free smoothing and anti-dandruff shampoo and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Silicon-free smoothing and anti-dandruff shampoo and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses silicon-free smoothing and anti-dandruff shampoo which is prepared from the following raw materials: ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium cocoyl glycinate, cocamidopropyl betaine, glycerol, jojoba oil, decyl glucoside, a pearly sheet, an antidandruff agent, a nonionic surfactant, cocamide MEA (membrane electrode assembly), a chamomile extract, guar hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, p-hydroxyacetophenone, hexanediol, polyquaternary ammonium salt-10, polyquaternary ammonium salt-7, panthenol, a wheat gluten extract, a sesame seed extract, a chelating agent and deionized water. According to the invention, the shampoo with excellent softening effect is prepared by taking ammonium lauryl alcohol ether sulfate as a main surfactant, cocoyl sodium glycinate as an auxiliary surfactant, cocoamidopropyl betaine, glycerol, jojoba oil and decyl glucoside as auxiliary surfactants and a plurality of conditioners, and the anti-dandruff agent OCT is added and the cocoamidopropyl betaine is used for compatibility, so that the anti-dandruff shampoo has good anti-dandruff effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cosmetic washing and protecting, and particularly relates to silicon-free smoothing and anti-dandruff shampoo and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The shampoo is an important hair cleaning product for keeping the hair and the scalp clean and healthy in life. With the development of shampoo formulations and processes, shampoos have no longer been limited to cleansing purposes, and also need to have good combing properties and a soft and smooth feel. In the last 70 th century, silicone oil products were widely used in shampoo and hair care products. Around 2000 years, silicone oil began to be brought into the Chinese market by international daily chemical brand products and was widely used.
During the hair washing process, the silicone oil can be attached to the gaps of the hair scales to fill and level the surface of the hair, so that the hair quality repairing effect is brought, and the hair can be smooth to the touch. At present, in the Chinese market, the proportion of the shampoo product containing the silicone oil reaches more than 90 percent. With the improvement of living standard, people pay more and more attention to the safety of daily chemical products, although silicon compounds in shampoo can make hair smooth, because the silicon compounds are insoluble in water, silicon coated on hair and scalp is not easy to be cleaned, so that the hair gradually loses elasticity due to the silicon compounds accumulated in the shampoo for a long term, scalp pores are blocked, the scalp is insufficient in oxygen permeation, hair papilla gradually shrinks, and the scalp begins to itch and even lose hair. Although the existence of other problems which damage human health of silicon-containing compounds in shampoo is not confirmed by authorities at present, it is suggested that shampoos of different brands should be replaced to avoid the deposition of the same silicone oil on hair, however, the method cannot avoid the potential risk of the silicon-containing compounds in shampoo on human health, so people begin to search for shampoo containing no silicone oil, and the existing silicon-free shampoo is not satisfactory in terms of softness all the time and cannot remove dandruff well.
Disclosure of Invention
The silicon-free softening and anti-dandruff shampoo provided by the invention has a good softening and anti-dandruff effect.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
silicon-free smoothing and anti-dandruff shampoo is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, 6-12 parts of sodium cocoyl glycinate, 3-7 parts of cocamidopropyl betaine, 2-8 parts of glycerol, 1-3 parts of jojoba oil, 1-4 parts of decyl glucoside, 1-2.5 parts of pearlescent flakes, 0.5-1.5 parts of an anti-dandruff agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of a nonionic surfactant, 0.3-0.7 part of cocamide MEA (membrane electrode assembly), 0.2-0.8 part of chamomile extract, 0.3-0.7 part of guar hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.2-0.8 part of p-hydroxyacetophenone, 0.2-0.8 part of hexanediol, 0.1-0.7 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-10, 0.1-0.5 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-7, 0.1-0.4 part of panthenol, 0.1-0.5 part of wheat gluten extract, 0.1-0.4 part of sesame seed extract, 0.02-0.08 part of chelating agent and 50-50 parts of deionized water.
As a preferable scheme, the silicon-free softening and anti-dandruff shampoo is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-14 parts of ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, 6-10 parts of sodium cocoyl glycinate, 4-6 parts of cocamidopropyl betaine, 4-6 parts of glycerol, 1.5-2.5 parts of jojoba oil, 1-3 parts of decyl glucoside, 1-2 parts of pearlescent flakes, 0.8-1.2 parts of an antidandruff agent, 0.8-1.2 parts of a nonionic surfactant, 0.4-0.6 part of cocamide MEA (membrane electrode assembly), 0.3-0.7 part of a chamomile extract, 0.4-0.6 part of guar hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.3-0.7 part of p-hydroxyacetophenone, 0.3-0.5 part of hexanediol, 0.2-0.6 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-10, 0.2-0.4 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-7, 0.1-0.3 part of panthenol, 0.1-0.3 part of wheat gluten extract, 0.08-0.12 part of sesame seed extract, 0.03-65 part of sesame seed extract and 0.07-55 parts of deionized water.
As a most preferable scheme, the silicon-free softening and anti-dandruff shampoo is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, 8 parts of sodium cocoyl glycinate, 5 parts of cocamidopropyl betaine, 5 parts of glycerol, 2 parts of jojoba oil, 2 parts of decyl glucoside, 1.5 parts of pearly luster sheet, 1 part of anti-dandruff agent, 1 part of nonionic surfactant, 0.5 part of cocamide MEA, 0.5 part of chamomile extract, 0.5 part of guar hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.5 part of p-hydroxyacetophenone, 0.4 part of hexanediol, 0.4 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-10, 0.3 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-7, 0.2 part of panthenol, 0.2 part of wheat gluten extract, 0.1 part of sesame seed extract, 0.05 part of chelating agent and 60 parts of deionized water.
Preferably, the antidandruff agent is piroctone olamine salt.
Preferably, the chelating agent is disodium edetate.
As a preferred embodiment, the nonionic surfactant is cocamide DEA.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the silicon-free softening and anti-dandruff shampoo, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium cocoyl glycinate, decyl glucoside, water, cocamide MEA, polyquaternary ammonium salt-10, polyquaternary ammonium salt-7, a nonionic surfactant, guar gum hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and a chelating agent into an emulsifying pot according to the proportion, heating to 85-95 ℃, stirring for 20-30 minutes at the rotating speed of 600-800 rpm, cooling, adding a pearlescent sheet, and stirring for 4-6 minutes at the rotating speed of 600-800 rpm;
(2) cooling to 40-50 ℃, dissolving an anti-dandruff agent in advance by using cocamidopropyl betaine, adding the mixture into an emulsifying pot, uniformly stirring, adding glycerol, jojoba oil, a chamomile extract, p-hydroxyacetophenone, hexanediol, panthenol, a wheat gluten extract and a sesame seed extract, uniformly stirring, and discharging to obtain the silicon-free softening anti-dandruff shampoo.
As a preferable scheme, the temperature is reduced to 60-70 ℃ in the step (1).
As a preferable scheme, in the step (2), the stirring speed is 600-800 rpm, and the stirring time is 10-15 minutes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the softening and anti-dandruff shampoo is prepared from ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, cocoyl glycine sodium, cocamidopropyl betaine, glycerol, jojoba oil, decyl glucoside, pearly luster tablets, an anti-dandruff agent, a nonionic surfactant, cocoamide MEA (membrane electrode assembly), a chamomile extract, guar gum hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, p-hydroxyacetophenone, hexanediol, polyquaternium-10, polyquaternium-7, panthenol, a wheat gluten extract, a sesame seed extract, a chelating agent and deionized water, and has good softening effect and anti-dandruff effect; (2) according to the shampoo, ammonium lauryl ether sulfate is used as a main surfactant, cocoyl sodium glycinate is used as an auxiliary surfactant, cocoamidopropyl betaine, glycerin, jojoba oil and decyl glucoside are matched, a nonionic surfactant, cocoamidoMEA (methyl ammonium chloride), guar gum hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, p-hydroxyacetophenone, hexanediol, polyquaternium-10, polyquaternium-7 and numerous conditioner of panthenol are used as adjuvants to prepare the shampoo with an excellent softening effect, and the shampoo is added with an antidandruff agent OCT and is matched with the cocoamidopropyl betaine, so that the shampoo has a good antidandruff effect.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Silicon-free smoothing and anti-dandruff shampoo is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, 8 parts of sodium cocoyl glycinate, 5 parts of cocamidopropyl betaine, 5 parts of glycerol, 2 parts of jojoba oil, 2 parts of decyl glucoside, 1.5 parts of pearly luster sheet, 1 part of anti-dandruff agent, 1 part of nonionic surfactant, 0.5 part of cocamide MEA, 0.5 part of chamomile extract, 0.5 part of guar hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.5 part of p-hydroxyacetophenone, 0.4 part of hexanediol, 0.4 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-10, 0.3 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-7, 0.2 part of panthenol, 0.2 part of wheat gluten extract, 0.1 part of sesame seed extract, 0.05 part of chelating agent and 60 parts of deionized water.
The anti-dandruff agent is piroctone olamine salt.
The chelating agent is disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate.
The nonionic surfactant is cocamide DEA.
The preparation method of the silicon-free softening anti-dandruff shampoo comprises the following steps:
(1) adding ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium cocoyl glycinate, decyl glucoside, water, cocamide MEA, polyquaternary ammonium salt-10, polyquaternary ammonium salt-7, a nonionic surfactant, guar gum hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and a chelating agent into an emulsifying pot according to the proportion, heating to 90 ℃, stirring for 25 minutes at the rotating speed of 700rpm, cooling, adding a pearlescent sheet, and stirring for 5 minutes at the rotating speed of 700 rpm;
(2) cooling to 45 ℃, dissolving an anti-dandruff agent in advance by using cocamidopropyl betaine, adding into an emulsifying pot, stirring uniformly, adding glycerol, jojoba oil, a chamomile extract, p-hydroxyacetophenone, hexanediol, panthenol, a wheat gluten extract and a sesame seed extract, stirring uniformly, and discharging to obtain the silicon-free softening anti-dandruff shampoo.
And (2) cooling to 65 ℃ in the step (1).
The stirring speed in the step (2) is 700rpm, and the stirring time is 12 minutes.
Example 2
Example 2 is different from example 1 in the ratio of raw materials, and the other examples are the same.
Silicon-free smoothing and anti-dandruff shampoo is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, 6 parts of sodium cocoyl glycinate, 3 parts of cocamidopropyl betaine, 2 parts of glycerol, 1 part of jojoba oil, 1 part of decyl glucoside, 1 part of pearly-lustre sheet, 0.5 part of anti-dandruff agent, 0.5 part of nonionic surfactant, 0.3 part of cocamide MEA, 0.2 part of chamomile extract, 0.3 part of guar hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.2 part of p-hydroxyacetophenone, 0.2 part of hexanediol, 0.1 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-10, 0.1 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-7, 0.1 part of panthenol, 0.1 part of wheat gluten extract, 0.1 part of sesame seed extract, 0.05 part of chelating agent and 50 parts of deionized water.
Example 3
Example 3 differs from example 1 in the ratio of raw materials, and the other points are the same.
The silicon-free smoothing and anti-dandruff shampoo is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, 12 parts of sodium cocoyl glycinate, 7 parts of cocamidopropyl betaine, 8 parts of glycerol, 3 parts of jojoba oil, 4 parts of decyl glucoside, 2.5 parts of pearly luster tablets, 1.5 parts of an antidandruff agent, 1.5 parts of a nonionic surfactant, 0.7 part of cocamide MEA (methyl ammonium chloride), 0.8 part of chamomile extract, 0.7 part of guar hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.8 part of p-hydroxyacetophenone, 0.8 part of hexanediol, 0.7 part of polyquaternium-10, 0.5 part of polyquaternium-7, 0.4 part of panthenol, 0.5 part of wheat gluten extract, 0.4 part of sesame seed extract, 0.08 part of a chelating agent and 70 parts of deionized water.
Example 4
Example 4 is different from example 1 in the ratio of raw materials, and the other examples are the same.
The silicon-free smoothing and anti-dandruff shampoo is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 parts of ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, 10 parts of sodium cocoyl glycinate, 6 parts of cocamidopropyl betaine, 6 parts of glycerol, 2 parts of jojoba oil, 3 parts of decyl glucoside, 2 parts of pearly-lustre pieces, 1 part of an antidandruff agent, 1 part of a nonionic surfactant, 0.6 part of cocamide MEA, 0.6 part of chamomile extract, 0.5 part of guar hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.4 part of p-hydroxyacetophenone, 0.4 part of hexanediol, 0.3 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-10, 0.4 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-7, 0.3 part of panthenol, 0.2 part of wheat gluten extract, 0.3 part of sesame seed extract, 0.05 part of a chelating agent and 60 parts of deionized water.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that ammonium laureth sulfate was replaced with sodium laureth sulfate and the other things are the same.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that zinc sulfate pyridine was used instead of piroctone olamine salt, all the other things being equal.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that comparative example 3 does not contain jojoba oil, and is otherwise identical.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 differs from example 1 in that comparative example 4 does not contain guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, all other things being equal.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 differs from example 1 in that comparative example 5 does not contain polyquaternium-10, and the other things are the same.
To further demonstrate the effect of the present invention, the following test methods were provided:
1. the average combing work of the wet hair comb was measured according to the protocol described in "discussion of combing efficiency evaluation method for hair products", and the test results are shown in table 1.
2. Selecting 180 volunteers of 25-35 years old, half of male and female, grouping 180 volunteers with dandruff, wherein each group comprises 20 volunteers and 9 groups, using the shampoos described in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-5 respectively once in the morning and evening every day, continuously using for seven days, after seven days, performing dandruff removal efficacy evaluation, 10 dividing into complete disappearance of dandruff, 6-9 dividing into obvious alleviation of dandruff, 3-5 dividing into slightly improved dandruff, 1-2 dividing into ineffective parts, scoring, calculating total score, and the test result is shown in table 1.
Example 1 was scored (by a number of people ×) 12 × 10+5 × 9+2 × 8+1 × 4= 185;
example 2 was scored (by a number of people ×) 9 × 10+3 × 9+2 × 8+4 × 7+1 × 6+1 × 3= 170;
example 3 was scored (by a number of people ×) 9 × 10+5 × 9+3 × 8+2 × 7+1 × 3= 176;
example 4 was scored (by a population ×) 11 × 10+6 × 9+1 × 8+1 × 7+1 × 4= 183;
comparative example 1 was scored (by a number of people ×) 11 × 10+6 × 9+1 × 8+2 × 4= 180;
comparative example 2 was scored (by a number of people ×) 9 × 10+3 × 9+2 × 8+4 × 4+2 × 2= 153;
comparative example 3 was scored (by a number of people ×) 12 × 10+3 × 9+2 × 8+2 × 7+1 × 4= 181;
comparative example 4 was scored (by a number of people ×) 12 × 10+4 × 9+2 × 8+1 × 6+1 × 4= 182;
comparative example 5 was rated (by a number of people ×) 11 × 10+5 × 9+2 × 8+2 × 4= 179.
TABLE 1 test values
From table 1, it can be seen that the anti-dandruff and softening shampoo of the present invention has a good softening effect, example 1 has the lowest average combing work and the best softening effect, as can be seen from comparison of examples 1 to 4, different proportions can affect the softening effect of the shampoo, and example 1 is the best mode, comparing example 1 with comparative examples 1, 3, 4 and 5, it can be seen that the softening effect of the shampoo can be significantly influenced by adding jojoba oil, guar gum hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride and polyquaternium-10 into the shampoo formula of the invention, when the main surfactant ammonium lauryl alcohol ether sulfate is replaced by sodium lauryl polyether sulfate, the softening effect is also obviously reduced, therefore, the dodecyl alcohol ether ammonium sulfate main surfactant used in the invention has better compatibility with the invention; comparing example 1 with comparative example 2, it can be seen that the softening effect is substantially unaffected when zinc pyridinium is substituted for the anti-dandruff agent of the present invention.
Compared with the examples 1 to 4, the example 1 is the best mode, different proportions can influence the anti-dandruff effect of the shampoo, and the comparative examples 1, 3, 4 and 5 show that the anti-dandruff effect cannot be obviously changed by adding the jojoba oil, the guar gum hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, the polyquaternium-10 and the ammonium lauryl ether sulfate serving as the main surfactant in the shampoo formula disclosed by the invention to replace the sodium lauryl polyether sulfate; as can be seen from comparing example 1 with comparative example 2, when the antidandruff agent according to the present invention is replaced with zinc sulfate pyridine, the antidandruff effect is significantly reduced.
In light of the foregoing description of preferred embodiments according to the invention, it is clear that many changes and modifications can be made by the person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The silicon-free smoothing and anti-dandruff shampoo is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, 6-12 parts of sodium cocoyl glycinate, 3-7 parts of cocamidopropyl betaine, 2-8 parts of glycerol, 1-3 parts of jojoba oil, 1-4 parts of decyl glucoside, 1-2.5 parts of pearlescent flakes, 0.5-1.5 parts of an anti-dandruff agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of a nonionic surfactant, 0.3-0.7 part of cocamide MEA (membrane electrode assembly), 0.2-0.8 part of chamomile extract, 0.3-0.7 part of guar hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.2-0.8 part of p-hydroxyacetophenone, 0.2-0.8 part of hexanediol, 0.1-0.7 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-10, 0.1-0.5 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-7, 0.1-0.4 part of panthenol, 0.1-0.5 part of wheat gluten extract, 0.1-0.4 part of sesame seed extract, 0.02-0.08 part of chelating agent and 50-50 parts of deionized water.
2. The silicon-free softening and anti-dandruff shampoo as claimed in claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-14 parts of ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, 6-10 parts of sodium cocoyl glycinate, 4-6 parts of cocamidopropyl betaine, 4-6 parts of glycerol, 1.5-2.5 parts of jojoba oil, 1-3 parts of decyl glucoside, 1-2 parts of pearlescent flakes, 0.8-1.2 parts of an antidandruff agent, 0.8-1.2 parts of a nonionic surfactant, 0.4-0.6 part of cocamide MEA (membrane electrode assembly), 0.3-0.7 part of a chamomile extract, 0.4-0.6 part of guar hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.3-0.7 part of p-hydroxyacetophenone, 0.3-0.5 part of hexanediol, 0.2-0.6 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-10, 0.2-0.4 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-7, 0.1-0.3 part of panthenol, 0.1-0.3 part of wheat gluten extract, 0.08-0.12 part of sesame seed extract, 0.03-65 part of sesame seed extract and 0.07-55 parts of deionized water.
3. The silicon-free softening and anti-dandruff shampoo as claimed in claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, 8 parts of sodium cocoyl glycinate, 5 parts of cocamidopropyl betaine, 5 parts of glycerol, 2 parts of jojoba oil, 2 parts of decyl glucoside, 1.5 parts of pearly luster sheet, 1 part of anti-dandruff agent, 1 part of nonionic surfactant, 0.5 part of cocamide MEA, 0.5 part of chamomile extract, 0.5 part of guar hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.5 part of p-hydroxyacetophenone, 0.4 part of hexanediol, 0.4 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-10, 0.3 part of polyquaternary ammonium salt-7, 0.2 part of panthenol, 0.2 part of wheat gluten extract, 0.1 part of sesame seed extract, 0.05 part of chelating agent and 60 parts of deionized water.
4. The silicon-free softening and anti-dandruff shampoo of claim 1, wherein the anti-dandruff agent is piroctone olamine.
5. The silicon-free softening and anti-dandruff shampoo according to claim 1, wherein the chelating agent is disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate.
6. The silicon-free softening and anti-dandruff shampoo according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant is cocamide DEA.
7. The preparation method of the silicon-free softening and anti-dandruff shampoo as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium cocoyl glycinate, decyl glucoside, water, cocamide MEA, polyquaternary ammonium salt-10, polyquaternary ammonium salt-7, a nonionic surfactant, guar gum hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and a chelating agent into an emulsifying pot according to the proportion, heating to 85-95 ℃, stirring for 20-30 minutes at the rotating speed of 600-800 rpm, cooling, adding a pearlescent sheet, and stirring for 4-6 minutes at the rotating speed of 600-800 rpm;
(2) cooling to 40-50 ℃, dissolving an anti-dandruff agent in advance by using cocamidopropyl betaine, adding the mixture into an emulsifying pot, uniformly stirring, adding glycerol, jojoba oil, a chamomile extract, p-hydroxyacetophenone, hexanediol, panthenol, a wheat gluten extract and a sesame seed extract, uniformly stirring, and discharging to obtain the silicon-free softening anti-dandruff shampoo.
8. The preparation method of the silicon-free softening and anti-dandruff shampoo as claimed in claim 7, wherein the temperature in the step (1) is reduced to 60-70 ℃.
9. The preparation method of the silicon-free softening and anti-dandruff shampoo as claimed in claim 7, wherein the stirring speed in the step (2) is 600-800 rpm, and the stirring time is 10-15 minutes.
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| WO2022072585A1 (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-07 | L'oreal | Cosmetic compositions comprising an antimicrobial system with reduced eye irritation or discomfort |
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