CN111383863B - Anti-crack curing method for arc extinguishing sand column of quick fuse - Google Patents
Anti-crack curing method for arc extinguishing sand column of quick fuse Download PDFInfo
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- CN111383863B CN111383863B CN202010157502.0A CN202010157502A CN111383863B CN 111383863 B CN111383863 B CN 111383863B CN 202010157502 A CN202010157502 A CN 202010157502A CN 111383863 B CN111383863 B CN 111383863B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H69/00—Apparatus or processes for the manufacture of emergency protective devices
- H01H69/02—Manufacture of fuses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
- H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
- H01H85/18—Casing fillings, e.g. powder
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
- H01H2085/388—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc using special materials
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- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a crack-resistant curing method for an arc-extinguishing sand column of a quick fuse, which solves the problem that the existing quick fuse is easy to crack after the arc-extinguishing sand column is cured, so that the quick breaking capacity and the normal current-carrying life of the fuse are reduced. The method comprises the following steps: 1) mixing a curing agent and deionized water according to a mass ratio of 1: 4-2: 3 to obtain a curing liquid, heating the curing liquid to completely dissolve sodium silicate into the deionized water, and carrying out heat preservation treatment, wherein the curing agent is sodium silicate nonahydrate crystal or powder, and the modulus n is 1-3; 2) mixing the condensed aluminum phosphate into the dried quartz sand, uniformly stirring, and filling into a fuse ceramic tube; 3) pumping the solidified liquid drops and pouring the liquid drops into a sand body in the ceramic tube of the fuse; 4) and (3) heating, baking, dehydrating and curing, specifically, opening one end sealed by the fuse ceramic tube, putting the fuse ceramic tube into a dehydration oven in a horizontal posture, evaporating water in a sand body filled in the fuse ceramic tube, and cooling to obtain the crack-free fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand column.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sand column curing process, in particular to an arc extinguishing sand column crack resistance curing method for a quick fuse.
Background
The high-voltage large-current fuse serves as a short-circuit rapid protection core device and is widely applied to the fields of electric power systems, charging power supplies, batteries, new energy automobiles, electric locomotives, ships and submarines, aerospace and the like. The high-voltage large-current fuse generally comprises a hollow ceramic tube, an arc extinguishing medium, a melt and a metal end cap, wherein the melt and the arc extinguishing medium are filled in the ceramic tube. For a mu s-ms grade ultra-fast breaking fuse, a high-temperature solidified quartz sand column is used as a fuse melt breaking arc extinguishing medium, and after a melt narrow neck is melted and arcs under a short circuit fault, the solidified quartz sand column quickly adsorbs arc particles into sand bodies to promote the melt to quickly extinguish arc and break, so that quick short circuit protection is realized; under the normal through-flow of fuse, current-carrying condition, the fuse-element can generate heat, and the fuse-element that is tightly wrapped up by the quartz sand post of solidification can be through the heat conduction heat dissipation rapidly of sand post, impels the fuse-element temperature rise to reduce, has prolonged the fuse life-span greatly. However, if cracks occur in the solidification and dehydration processes of the quartz sand column, particularly the cracks occur at the position of the melt narrow neck of the fuse, poor heat conduction and heat dissipation can occur at the high-temperature melt narrow neck, and the current-carrying life of the melt is rapidly reduced; and the crack air gap at the narrow neck position under the short-circuit fault is not favorable for quick arc extinction, the breaking time of the fuse is prolonged, and the quick breaking protection is not favorable. Therefore, the curing process of the arc extinguishing quartz sand column of the quick fuse has important influence on the key characteristics of the quick protection, the current carrying life and the like of the fuse.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an anti-crack curing method for an arc extinguishing sand column of a quick fuse, aiming at solving the technical problems that cracks are easy to appear after the arc extinguishing sand column of the traditional quick fuse is cured, and further the quick breaking capacity and the normal current carrying life of the fuse are reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the method for curing the crack resistance of the arc extinguishing sand column of the quick fuse is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) compounding of curing agent
Mixing a curing agent and deionized water according to a mass ratio of 1: 4-2: 3 to obtain a curing liquid, heating the curing liquid to completely dissolve sodium silicate in the deionized water, and carrying out heat preservation treatment on the curing liquid;
wherein the curing agent is sodium silicate nonahydrate crystal or powder, and the modulus n is 1-3;
2) ceramic tube for filling fuse
2.1) cleaning and drying 60-80 mesh quartz sand for the fuse, mixing condensed aluminum phosphate into the dried quartz sand, and uniformly stirring to obtain a sand body;
wherein the mass ratio of the condensed aluminum phosphate to the quartz sand is (0.0058-0.0063): 1;
2.2) sealing an opening at one end of the fuse ceramic tube, and filling the condensed aluminum phosphate and the quartz sand mixed in the step 2.1) into the fuse ceramic tube from the opening at the other end of the fuse ceramic tube;
3) curing agent drip irrigation
3.1) vertically placing the fuse ceramic tube filled in the step 2.2) into an oven, wherein one end of an opening faces upwards; the temperature of the oven is 80-90 ℃, and the ceramic tube of the fuse and the sand filled in the ceramic tube of the fuse are insulated in the oven;
3.2) taking out the fuse ceramic tube from the oven, and vertically placing the fuse ceramic tube in a normal temperature and normal pressure environment;
3.3) extracting the curing liquid subjected to heat preservation treatment in the step 1), and quickly and completely dripping and injecting the extracted curing liquid into a sand body in the fuse ceramic tube from an opening at the upper end of the fuse ceramic tube; the time required by the whole drip irrigation process is 2-3 min;
wherein the mass ratio of the extracted curing liquid to quartz sand filled in the fuse ceramic tube is (0.19-0.21): 1;
4) heating, baking, dehydrating and curing;
and opening one end sealed by the fuse ceramic tube, putting the fuse ceramic tube into a dehydration oven in a horizontal posture, evaporating water in the sand filled in the fuse ceramic tube, and cooling to obtain the crack-free fuse arc-extinguishing quartz sand column.
Further, the step 4) is specifically as follows:
4.1) opening one end sealed by the fuse ceramic tube, and putting the fuse ceramic tube into a dehydration oven at 40 +/-1 ℃ in a horizontal posture;
4.2) continuously raising the temperature in the dehydration oven at a linear temperature rise rate of 0.8-1 ℃/h to 60 +/-1 ℃;
opening a door of a dehydration oven every 3-4 hours, rotating a horizontally placed fuse ceramic tube 180 degrees along the axial direction of the ceramic tube, and then closing the door;
4.3) continuously raising the temperature in the dehydration oven at a linear temperature rise rate of 0.8-1 ℃/h to reach 100 +/-1 ℃;
4.4) continuously raising the temperature in the dehydration oven at a linear temperature rise rate of 2.8-3.2 ℃/h to 130 +/-1 ℃;
4.5) keeping the temperature for 4 hours, stopping the work of the dehydration oven, cooling the fuse ceramic tube and the filled sand body, and taking out the fuse ceramic tube and the filled sand body to obtain the crack-free fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand column.
Further, in the step 1), the mass ratio of the curing agent to the deionized water is 3: 7;
the purity of the sodium silicate nonahydrate crystal or powder is more than or equal to 99.7 percent, and the modulus n is 2;
the heat preservation temperature is more than or equal to 90 ℃ and less than or equal to 100 ℃.
Further, in the step 1), heating the curing liquid to completely dissolve the sodium silicate into the deionized water, specifically, placing the curing liquid into a stainless steel container; uniformly heating the stainless steel container at normal temperature and normal pressure to heat the curing liquid contained in the stainless steel container to 100 ℃.
Further, in the step 2.2), the diameter of the opening at the two ends of the fuse ceramic tube is more than or equal to 8 mm.
Further, step 2.2) is specifically to seal an opening at one end of the fuse ceramic tube by using a rubber plug; vertically placing the fuse ceramic tube, enabling one end of the seal of the rubber plug to face the bottom and one end of the opening to face upwards, filling the condensed aluminum phosphate and the quartz sand mixed in the step 2.1) into the fuse ceramic tube from the open end of the fuse ceramic tube, filling the inner space of the fuse ceramic tube and shaking uniformly.
Further, in the step 2.1), deionized water is adopted to clean the quartz sand.
Further, in the step 3.1), the temperature of the fuse ceramic tube and the sand filled in the fuse ceramic tube in the oven is kept for 0.5-1 h.
Further, in step 3.3), a clean syringe is used for rapidly extracting the heat-insulating curing liquid from the heat-insulating stainless steel container.
Further, in the step 4.2), the linear heating rate is 0.83 ℃/h, and the door of the dehydration oven is opened every 4 h;
in the step 4.3), the linear heating rate is 0.83 ℃/h;
in the step 4.4), the linear heating rate is 3 ℃/h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the curing method comprises the steps of curing agent blending, fuse ceramic tube filling, curing agent drip irrigation, heating, baking, dehydrating and curing, sodium silicate with the modulus of 1-3 is used as a quartz sand column curing agent, condensed aluminum phosphate is used as a quartz sand column curing reinforcing agent, and the crack-free fuse arc-extinguishing quartz sand column can be obtained by reasonably designing the mass ratio of the curing agent to deionized water, the mass ratio of the curing reinforcing agent to quartz sand, the mass ratio of a drip irrigation curing liquid to the quartz sand filled in the fuse ceramic tube, the baking temperature, the temperature rise rate and the heat preservation time in the dehydration and curing process, so that the problem that sand column cracks occur in the existing fast fuse arc-extinguishing quartz sand column curing process is solved. The rapid fuse arc extinguishing sand column manufactured by the curing process method has the beneficial effects of high mechanical strength, good high-temperature tolerance, good moisture absorption and dissolution resistance, high stability and reliability, and can remarkably improve the rapid breaking capacity and normal current carrying life of the fuse.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The solidification of the arc-extinguishing quartz sand column inside the fuse needs to consider the following aspects: the curing agent does not obviously corrode the melt metal material; the thermal expansion characteristic of the curing agent is basically consistent with that of quartz sand; the cured quartz sand column has stronger mechanical strength and environmental adaptability; after the curing agent is dripped into the quartz sand, the sand body needs to be uniformly cured, rapid cold solidification cannot occur, otherwise the quartz sand is not continuous in layering, and the solidified sand body on the upper layer can prevent the curing agent from continuously permeating into the quartz sand on the lower layer, so that the quartz sand on the lower layer cannot be cured; the curing temperature and the curing time of the quartz sand column are reasonable, the sand column cracks can be caused by overhigh curing temperature and overlong curing time, but the sand column strength is reduced because the moisture of the sand column cannot be removed due to overlow curing temperature and overlong curing time. Therefore, the curing agent and the component proportion thereof, the uniform drip irrigation and uniform curing process control of the curing agent, and the reasonable curing temperature and time are key parameters of the arc extinguishing quartz sand column curing process of the quick fuse.
Sodium silicate is a curing agent which is very suitable for curing fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand, the sodium silicate and water are mixed according to a specific proportion and then heated, the sodium silicate can be dissolved in the water to form a colloid, the colloid is dripped into the quartz sand in a fuse ceramic tube, and moisture in the quartz sand is dried by heating to form a curing sand column. Sodium silicate (Na) for curing2O·nSiO2) In Na2O and SiO2The mole number ratio n of the part is called modulus, and n is a positive integer; the larger n is, the bonding force, strength and heat resistance of the cured and bonded quartz sand column are obviously improved, but the density and viscosity of the sodium silicate hydrosol are higher, the hardening speed is high, the fuse quartz sand is hardened and layered in the colloid drip irrigation process, and the solidification of the sand column is uneven and discontinuous; the smaller n is, the density and viscosity of the sodium silicate hydrosol are reduced, the permeability is good, the uniform solidification of the fuse quartz sand in the colloid drip irrigation process can be ensured, and the adhesion force, the strength and the heat resistance of the solidified quartz sand column are reduced. Sodium silicate alone cannot generally exist in a moisture-free form, and is present in a formula containing crystal water, so sodium silicate nonahydrate is selected as a curing agent for curing arc extinguishing quartz sand of the fuse.
Therefore, in order to prevent the critical performance of the fuse from being affected by cracks generated in the process of curing and heating dehydration of fuse quartz sand, the modulus n of sodium silicate must be reasonably selected, and meanwhile, a curing reinforcing agent with a proper proportion is added into curing glue and quartz sand to enhance the bonding force, strength and heat resistance of a cured sand column, the problem that viscous glue is rapidly cooled and hardened in the process of drip irrigation of the sodium silicate glue into the fuse quartz sand body is solved, and a heating mode, a temperature parameter and heating time are reasonably selected in the process of heating dehydration of the fuse quartz sand after curing.
Example one
The method for carrying out crack-resistant curing process treatment on the arc extinguishing sand column in the existing DC1600V30A fuse comprises the following steps:
1) blending a curing agent;
the curing agent is sodium silicate nonahydrate powder, and the modulus n is 2 (Na)2O·2SiO2) The purity is more than or equal to 99.7 percent; mixing 30g of sodium silicate analytical reagent and 70g of deionized water at room temperature to obtain a curing solution, and placing the curing solution in a stainless steel container; uniformly heating the stainless steel container at normal temperature and normal pressure to heat the curing liquid contained in the stainless steel container to 100 ℃, enabling the curing liquid to become clear and transparent, completely dissolving sodium silicate into deionized water, and then putting the stainless steel container containing the curing liquid into hot water with the temperature of about 90 ℃ for heat preservation;
2) ceramic tube for filling fuse
2.1) cleaning 60-80 mesh quartz sand for the fuse by using deionized water, and then drying the quartz sand; adopting condensed aluminum phosphate analytically pure as a curing reinforcing agent, mixing condensed aluminum phosphate powder into dried quartz sand, and uniformly stirring to obtain a sand body; the mass ratio of the condensed aluminum phosphate powder to the quartz sand is 0.72g to 120 g;
2.2) the fuse ceramic tube is a hollow circular tube structure with round holes at two ends, the diameter of the opening at two ends is equal to 8mm, in other embodiments, the diameter of the opening at two ends can be larger than 8mm, for example, 9mm and 10mm can be selected; sealing a round hole at one end of the fuse ceramic tube by using a rubber plug; vertically placing the fuse ceramic tube, wherein one end of the seal of the rubber plug faces to the bottom, and the other end of the opening faces upwards; filling the mixture of the condensed aluminum phosphate and the quartz sand mixed in the step 2.1) into fuse ceramic tubes, filling the internal space of the fuse ceramic tubes and shaking up, wherein the sand filling weight in each fuse ceramic tube is about 31g, and filling 3 fuse ceramic tubes in total;
3) drip irrigation with a curing agent;
3.1) vertically placing 3 fuse ceramic tubes which are filled with sand in an oven, wherein one ends of openings face upwards, and one ends of seals of rubber plugs face downwards; the temperature of the oven is 85 ℃, and the 3 fuse ceramic tubes and the sand filled in the fuse ceramic tubes are insulated in the oven for 1 hour;
3.2) taking out 1 fuse ceramic tube to be drip-irrigated from the oven, and vertically placing the fuse ceramic tube in a normal-temperature and normal-pressure environment;
3.3) quickly and quantitatively extracting heat-insulating curing liquid from the heat-insulating stainless steel container in the step 1) by using a clean injector, wherein the mass ratio of the curing liquid to quartz sand filled in the ceramic tube of the fuse protector is 6.5g to 31g, and the scale of the extraction liquid level of the injector is determined to be 6.5mL according to the ratio; quickly and completely dripping the curing liquid in the injector into sand in the fuse ceramic tube from an opening at the upper end of the fuse ceramic tube, wherein the whole dripping process lasts for about 2 min;
3.4) finishing the drip irrigation of the curing agent of the sand body filled in the other 2 fuse ceramic tubes according to the flows of 3.2) and 3.3);
4) heating, baking, dehydrating and curing;
4.1) after the drip irrigation of the curing agent is finished, pulling out rubber plugs sealed at the bottoms of the 3 fuse ceramic tubes and keeping the bottom opening state of the fuse ceramic tubes, quickly putting the 3 fuse ceramic tubes and the sand columns into a dehydration oven at 40 ℃ in a horizontal posture, wherein the diameter of the holes at the two ends of each fuse ceramic tube is 8mm, and the round holes at the two ends of each fuse ceramic tube are used as a discharge channel for water in the sand columns after evaporation; in the baking process, air inside the dehydration oven circularly flows and is continuously dehumidified to the outside of the oven through the moisture exhaust port;
4.2) the initial average temperature in the dehydration oven is 40 ℃, the temperature is continuously raised according to the linear temperature raising rate of 0.83 ℃/h, the door of the dehydration oven is opened every 4h or so, and each horizontally arranged fuse ceramic tube and the filling sand body are quickly rotated by 180 degrees along the axial direction of the fuse ceramic tube and then the door is closed; after the continuous baking is carried out for 24 hours, the average temperature in the dehydration oven is increased to about 60 ℃, and the drying posture of each fuse ceramic tube is totally adjusted for 6 times in the 24 hours;
4.3) after the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 60 ℃, continuously heating for 48 hours at a linear heating rate of 0.83 ℃/h to reach about 100 ℃, and not adjusting the postures of the ceramic tube and the sand filling body of the fuse in the process;
4.4) after the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 100 ℃, continuously heating for 10 hours at a linear heating rate of 3 ℃/h to reach 130 ℃;
4.5) after the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 130 ℃, the temperature is not continuously raised, and after the temperature is kept for 4 hours, the dehydration oven is powered off and stops working; naturally cooling the fuse ceramic tube and the filled sand body, then taking out to obtain a crack-free fuse arc-extinguishing quartz sand column, and filling into a clean plastic packaging bag; and the plastic packaging bag is sealed in a plastic packaging way through a sealing machine after air is exhausted.
3 fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand columns which are solidified and dehydrated according to the method of the embodiment are photographed and subjected to two-dimensional imaging by adopting an industrial X-ray imaging method, the imaging resolution is better than 50 mu m, and X-ray pictures at different angles show that the 3 fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand columns are compact and uniform and have no distinguishable cracks and hole defects; the method of industrial CT scanning three-dimensional imaging is adopted to take a picture and three-dimensionally image 3 fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand columns which are solidified and dehydrated according to the method of the embodiment, the imaging resolution ratio is superior to 20 mu m, and sectional pictures at different angles show that the 3 fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand columns are compact and uniform and have no distinguishable cracks and hole defects. The test result proves that: the results of X-ray detection and industrial CT scanning three-dimensional imaging detection on the cured and molded sand column show that the quartz sand column prepared by the technical method of the embodiment has the advantages of compactness, uniformity, no crack, no hole and the like, and solves the problem of sand column crack in the curing process of the arc extinguishing quartz sand column of the quick fuse.
According to the curing method, the curing agent preparation, the curing agent drip irrigation, the heating baking dehydration curing and other process steps are adopted, the high-modulus sodium silicate is adopted as the quartz sand column curing agent, the condensed aluminum phosphate is adopted as the quartz sand column curing reinforcing agent, and the cured and molded rapid fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand column is compact and uniform, has no defects of cracks, holes and the like, has the characteristics of high mechanical strength, good high-temperature tolerance, good moisture absorption and dissolution resistance and high stability and reliability, and can remarkably improve the rapid breaking capacity and the normal current-carrying service life of the fuse.
Example two
An arc extinguishing sand column crack-resistant curing method of a quick fuse comprises the following steps:
1) blending a curing agent;
the curing agent is sodium silicate nonahydrate powder, and the modulus n is 3 (Na)2O·3SiO2) The purity is more than or equal to 99.7 percent; mixing 30g of sodium silicate analytical reagent and 90g of deionized water at room temperature to obtain a curing solution, and placing the curing solution in a stainless steel container; uniformly heating the stainless steel container at normal temperature and normal pressure to heat the curing liquid contained in the stainless steel container to 100 ℃, enabling the curing liquid to become clear and transparent, completely dissolving sodium silicate into deionized water, and then putting the stainless steel container containing the curing liquid into hot water with the temperature of about 90 ℃ for heat preservation;
2) ceramic tube for filling fuse
2.1) cleaning 60-80 mesh quartz sand for the fuse by using deionized water, and then drying the quartz sand; adopting condensed aluminum phosphate analytically pure as a curing reinforcing agent, mixing condensed aluminum phosphate powder into dried quartz sand, and uniformly stirring to obtain a sand body; the mass ratio of the condensed aluminum phosphate powder to the quartz sand is 0.72g:124 g;
2.2) the fuse ceramic tube is of a hollow circular tube structure with round holes at two ends, the diameter of the openings at two ends is equal to 8mm, and the round hole at one end of the fuse ceramic tube is sealed by a rubber plug; vertically placing the fuse ceramic tube, wherein one end of the seal of the rubber plug faces to the bottom, and the other end of the opening faces upwards; filling the mixture of the condensed aluminum phosphate and the quartz sand mixed in the step 2.1) into fuse ceramic tubes, filling the internal space of the fuse ceramic tubes and shaking up, wherein the sand filling weight in each fuse ceramic tube is about 31g, and filling 3 fuse ceramic tubes in total;
3) drip irrigation with a curing agent;
3.1) vertically placing 3 fuse ceramic tubes which are filled with sand in an oven, wherein one ends of openings face upwards, and one ends of seals of rubber plugs face downwards; the temperature of the oven is 85 ℃, and the temperature of the 3 fuse ceramic tubes and the sand filled in the fuse ceramic tubes is kept in the oven for 0.5 h;
3.2) taking out 1 fuse ceramic tube to be drip-irrigated from the oven, and vertically placing the fuse ceramic tube in a normal-temperature and normal-pressure environment;
3.3) quickly and quantitatively extracting heat-insulating curing liquid from the heat-insulating stainless steel container in the step 1) by using a clean injector, wherein the mass ratio of the curing liquid to quartz sand filled in the ceramic tube of the fuse is 5.89g:31g, and the scale of the extraction liquid level of the injector is determined to be 5.89mL according to the ratio; quickly and completely dripping the curing liquid in the injector into sand in the fuse ceramic tube from an opening at the upper end of the fuse ceramic tube, wherein the whole dripping process lasts for about 2 min;
3.4) finishing the drip irrigation of the curing agent of the sand body filled in the other 2 fuse ceramic tubes according to the flows of 3.2) and 3.3);
4) heating, baking, dehydrating and curing;
4.1) after the drip irrigation of the curing agent is finished, pulling out rubber plugs sealed at the bottoms of the 3 fuse ceramic tubes and keeping the bottom opening state of the fuse ceramic tubes, quickly putting the 3 fuse ceramic tubes and the sand columns into a dehydration oven at 40 ℃ in a horizontal posture, wherein the diameter of the holes at the two ends of each fuse ceramic tube is 8mm, and the round holes at the two ends of each fuse ceramic tube are used as a discharge channel for water in the sand columns after evaporation; in the baking process, air inside the dehydration oven circularly flows and is continuously dehumidified to the outside of the oven through the moisture exhaust port;
4.2) the initial average temperature in the dehydration oven is 40 ℃, the temperature is continuously raised according to the linear temperature raising rate of 0.85 ℃/h, the door of the dehydration oven is opened every 4h or so, and each horizontally arranged fuse ceramic tube and the filling sand body are quickly rotated by 180 degrees along the axial direction of the fuse ceramic tube and then the door is closed; after the continuous baking is carried out for 24 hours, the average temperature in the dehydration oven is increased to about 60 ℃, and the drying posture of each fuse ceramic tube is totally adjusted for 6 times in the 24 hours;
4.3) after the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 60 ℃, continuously heating for 48 hours at a linear heating rate of 0.85 ℃/h to reach about 100 ℃, and not adjusting the postures of the ceramic tube and the sand filling body of the fuse in the process;
4.4) after the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 100 ℃, continuously heating for 10 hours at a linear heating rate of 3 ℃/h to reach 130 ℃;
4.5) after the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 130 ℃, the temperature is not continuously raised, and after the temperature is kept for 4 hours, the dehydration oven is powered off and stops working; naturally cooling the fuse ceramic tube and the filled sand body, then taking out to obtain a crack-free fuse arc-extinguishing quartz sand column, and filling into a clean plastic packaging bag; and the plastic packaging bag is sealed in a plastic packaging way through a sealing machine after air is exhausted.
The test is carried out by adopting the method same as the first embodiment, a product equal to the first embodiment can be obtained, an industrial X-ray imaging method can be easily proved, 3 fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand columns which are solidified and dehydrated according to the method of the first embodiment are photographed and subjected to two-dimensional imaging, the imaging resolution ratio is better than 50 mu m, and X-ray pictures at different angles show that the 3 fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand columns are compact and uniform and have no distinguishable cracks and hole defects; the method of industrial CT scanning three-dimensional imaging is adopted to take a picture and three-dimensionally image 3 fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand columns which are solidified and dehydrated according to the method of the embodiment, the imaging resolution ratio is superior to 20 mu m, and sectional pictures at different angles show that the 3 fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand columns are compact and uniform and have no distinguishable cracks and hole defects. The test result proves that: the results of X-ray detection and industrial CT scanning three-dimensional imaging detection on the cured and molded sand column show that the quartz sand column prepared by the technical method of the embodiment has the advantages of compactness, uniformity, no crack, no hole and the like, and solves the problem of sand column crack in the curing process of the arc extinguishing quartz sand column of the quick fuse.
EXAMPLE III
An arc extinguishing sand column crack-resistant curing method of a quick fuse comprises the following steps:
1) blending a curing agent;
the curing agent is sodium silicate nonahydrate powder, and the modulus n is 3 (Na)2O·3SiO2) The purity is more than or equal to 99.7 percent; mixing 30g of sodium silicate analytical reagent and 60g of deionized water at room temperature to obtain a curing solution, and placing the curing solution in a stainless steel container; uniformly heating the stainless steel container at normal temperature and normal pressure to heat the curing liquid in the stainless steel container to 100 ℃, and cleaning the curing liquidThe sodium silicate is completely dissolved into the deionized water, and then the stainless steel container holding the solidified liquid is placed in hot water with the temperature of about 90 ℃ for heat preservation;
2) ceramic tube for filling fuse
2.1) cleaning 60-80 mesh quartz sand for the fuse by using deionized water, and then drying the quartz sand; adopting condensed aluminum phosphate analytically pure as a curing reinforcing agent, mixing condensed aluminum phosphate powder into dried quartz sand, and uniformly stirring to obtain a sand body; the mass ratio of the condensed aluminum phosphate powder to the quartz sand is 0.72g to 115 g;
2.2) the fuse ceramic tube is of a hollow circular tube structure with round holes at two ends, the diameter of the openings at two ends is equal to 8mm, and the round hole at one end of the fuse ceramic tube is sealed by a rubber plug; vertically placing the fuse ceramic tube, wherein one end of the seal of the rubber plug faces to the bottom, and the other end of the opening faces upwards; filling the mixture of the condensed aluminum phosphate and the quartz sand mixed in the step 2.1) into fuse ceramic tubes, filling the internal space of the fuse ceramic tubes and shaking up, wherein the sand filling weight in each fuse ceramic tube is about 31g, and filling 3 fuse ceramic tubes in total;
3) drip irrigation with a curing agent;
3.1) vertically placing 3 fuse ceramic tubes which are filled with sand in an oven, wherein one ends of openings face upwards, and one ends of seals of rubber plugs face downwards; the temperature of the oven is 85 ℃, and the temperature of the 3 fuse ceramic tubes and the sand filled in the fuse ceramic tubes is kept in the oven for 0.8 h;
3.2) taking out 1 fuse ceramic tube to be drip-irrigated from the oven, and vertically placing the fuse ceramic tube in a normal-temperature and normal-pressure environment;
3.3) quickly and quantitatively extracting heat-insulating curing liquid from the heat-insulating stainless steel container in the step 1) by using a clean injector, wherein the mass ratio of the curing liquid to quartz sand filled in the ceramic tube of the fuse protector is 6.51g to 31g, and the scale of the extraction liquid level of the injector is determined to be 6.51mL according to the ratio; quickly and completely dripping the curing liquid in the injector into sand in the fuse ceramic tube from an opening at the upper end of the fuse ceramic tube, wherein the whole dripping process lasts for about 2 min;
3.4) finishing the drip irrigation of the curing agent of the sand body filled in the other 2 fuse ceramic tubes according to the flows of 3.2) and 3.3);
4) heating, baking, dehydrating and curing;
4.1) after the drip irrigation of the curing agent is finished, pulling out rubber plugs sealed at the bottoms of the 3 fuse ceramic tubes and keeping the bottom opening state of the fuse ceramic tubes, quickly putting the 3 fuse ceramic tubes and the sand columns into a dehydration oven at 40 ℃ in a horizontal posture, wherein the diameter of the holes at the two ends of each fuse ceramic tube is 8mm, and the round holes at the two ends of each fuse ceramic tube are used as a discharge channel for water in the sand columns after evaporation; in the baking process, air inside the dehydration oven circularly flows and is continuously dehumidified to the outside of the oven through the moisture exhaust port;
4.2) the initial average temperature in the dehydration oven is 40 ℃, the temperature is continuously raised according to the linear temperature raising rate of 0.83 ℃/h, the door of the dehydration oven is opened every 4h or so, and each horizontally arranged fuse ceramic tube and the filling sand body are quickly rotated by 180 degrees along the axial direction of the fuse ceramic tube and then the door is closed; after the continuous baking is carried out for 24 hours, the average temperature in the dehydration oven is increased to about 60 ℃, and the drying posture of each fuse ceramic tube is totally adjusted for 6 times in the 24 hours;
4.3) after the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 60 ℃, continuously heating for 48 hours at a linear heating rate of 0.83 ℃/h to reach about 100 ℃, and not adjusting the postures of the ceramic tube and the sand filling body of the fuse in the process;
4.4) after the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 100 ℃, continuously heating for 10 hours at a linear heating rate of 3 ℃/h to reach 130 ℃;
4.5) after the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 130 ℃, the temperature is not continuously raised, and after the temperature is kept for 4 hours, the dehydration oven is powered off and stops working; naturally cooling the fuse ceramic tube and the filled sand body, then taking out to obtain a crack-free fuse arc-extinguishing quartz sand column, and filling into a clean plastic packaging bag; and the plastic packaging bag is sealed in a plastic packaging way through a sealing machine after air is exhausted.
3 fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand columns which are solidified and dehydrated according to the method of the embodiment are photographed and subjected to two-dimensional imaging by adopting an industrial X-ray imaging method, the imaging resolution is better than 50 mu m, and X-ray pictures at different angles show that the 3 fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand columns are compact and uniform and have no distinguishable cracks and hole defects; the method of industrial CT scanning three-dimensional imaging is adopted to take a picture and three-dimensionally image 3 fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand columns which are solidified and dehydrated according to the method of the embodiment, the imaging resolution ratio is superior to 20 mu m, and sectional pictures at different angles show that the 3 fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand columns are compact and uniform and have no distinguishable cracks and hole defects. The test result proves that: the results of X-ray detection and industrial CT scanning three-dimensional imaging detection on the cured and molded sand column show that the quartz sand column prepared by the technical method of the embodiment has the advantages of compactness, uniformity, no crack, no hole and the like, and solves the problem of sand column crack in the curing process of the arc extinguishing quartz sand column of the quick fuse.
Therefore, the method for curing the crack resistance of the arc extinguishing sand column of the quick fuse has very important significance for eliminating the crack of the arc extinguishing sand column of the fuse, improving the quick breaking capacity and the current carrying life of the fuse, and is worthy of deep research and popularization.
The above description is only for the purpose of describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention and does not limit the technical solutions of the present invention, and any known modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the main technical concepts of the present invention fall within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for curing the crack resistance of the arc extinguishing sand column of the quick fuse is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) compounding of curing agent
Mixing a curing agent and deionized water according to a mass ratio of 1: 4-2: 3 to obtain a curing liquid, heating the curing liquid to completely dissolve sodium silicate in the deionized water, and carrying out heat preservation treatment on the curing liquid;
wherein the curing agent is sodium silicate nonahydrate crystal or powder, and the modulus n is 1-3;
2) ceramic tube for filling fuse
2.1) cleaning and drying 60-80 mesh quartz sand for the fuse, mixing condensed aluminum phosphate into the dried quartz sand, and uniformly stirring to obtain a sand body;
wherein the mass ratio of the condensed aluminum phosphate to the quartz sand is (0.0058-0.0063): 1;
2.2) sealing an opening at one end of the fuse ceramic tube, and filling the condensed aluminum phosphate and the quartz sand mixed in the step 2.1) into the fuse ceramic tube from the opening at the other end of the fuse ceramic tube;
3) drip irrigation with a curing agent;
3.1) vertically placing the fuse ceramic tube filled in the step 2.2) into an oven, wherein one end of an opening faces upwards; the temperature of the oven is 80-90 ℃, and the ceramic tube of the fuse and the sand filled in the ceramic tube of the fuse are insulated in the oven;
3.2) taking out the fuse ceramic tube from the oven, and vertically placing the fuse ceramic tube in a normal temperature and normal pressure environment;
3.3) extracting the curing liquid subjected to heat preservation treatment in the step 1), and quickly and completely dripping and injecting the extracted curing liquid into a sand body in the fuse ceramic tube from an opening at the upper end of the fuse ceramic tube; the time required by the whole drip irrigation process is 2-3 min;
wherein the mass ratio of the extracted curing liquid to quartz sand filled in the fuse ceramic tube is (0.19-0.21): 1;
4) heating, baking, dehydrating and curing;
4.1) opening one end sealed by the fuse ceramic tube, and putting the fuse ceramic tube into a dehydration oven at 40 +/-1 ℃ in a horizontal posture;
4.2) continuously raising the temperature in the dehydration oven at a linear temperature rise rate of 0.8-1 ℃/h to 60 +/-1 ℃;
opening a door of a dehydration oven every 3-4 hours, rotating a horizontally placed fuse ceramic tube 180 degrees along the axial direction of the ceramic tube, and then closing the door;
4.3) continuously raising the temperature in the dehydration oven at a linear temperature rise rate of 0.8-1 ℃/h to reach 100 +/-1 ℃;
4.4) continuously raising the temperature in the dehydration oven at a linear temperature rise rate of 2.8-3.2 ℃/h to 130 +/-1 ℃;
4.5) keeping the temperature for 4 hours, stopping the work of the dehydration oven, cooling the fuse ceramic tube and the filled sand body, and taking out the fuse ceramic tube and the filled sand body to obtain the crack-free fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand column.
2. The method for crack-resistant curing of an arc extinguishing sand column of a quick fuse as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the mass ratio of the curing agent to the deionized water is 3: 7;
the purity of the sodium silicate nonahydrate crystal or powder is more than or equal to 99.7 percent, and the modulus n is 2;
the heat preservation temperature is more than or equal to 90 ℃ and less than or equal to 100 ℃.
3. The method for crack-resistant curing of an arc extinguishing sand column of a quick fuse as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step 1), heating the curing liquid to completely dissolve sodium silicate into deionized water, namely, placing the curing liquid into a stainless steel container; uniformly heating the stainless steel container at normal temperature and normal pressure to heat the curing liquid contained in the stainless steel container to 100 ℃.
4. The method for crack curing of an arc extinguishing sand column of a quick fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: in the step 2.2), the diameters of the openings at the two ends of the fuse ceramic tube are more than or equal to 8 mm.
5. The method for crack-resistant curing of an arc extinguishing sand column of a quick fuse as claimed in claim 4, wherein: step 2.2) specifically, sealing an opening at one end of the fuse ceramic tube by using a rubber plug; vertically placing the fuse ceramic tube, enabling one end of the seal of the rubber plug to face the bottom and one end of the opening to face upwards, filling the condensed aluminum phosphate and the quartz sand mixed in the step 2.1) into the fuse ceramic tube from the open end of the fuse ceramic tube, filling the inner space of the fuse ceramic tube and shaking uniformly.
6. The method for crack-resistant curing of an arc extinguishing sand column of a quick fuse as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in the step 2.1), deionized water is adopted to clean the quartz sand.
7. The method of claim 6 for crack-resistant curing of a flying fuse arc extinguishing sand column, wherein: in the step 3.1), the thermal insulation time of the fuse ceramic tube and the sand filled in the fuse ceramic tube in the oven is 0.5-1 h.
8. The method for crack-resistant curing of an arc extinguishing sand column of a quick fuse as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and 3.3), quickly extracting the heat-insulating curing liquid from the heat-insulating stainless steel container by using a clean injector.
9. The method for crack-resistant curing of an arc extinguishing sand column of a quick fuse as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 4.2), the linear heating rate is 0.83 ℃/h, and the door of the dehydration oven is opened every 4 h;
in the step 4.3), the linear heating rate is 0.83 ℃/h;
in the step 4.4), the linear heating rate is 3 ℃/h.
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