CN111383863A - Anti-crack curing method for arc extinguishing sand column of quick fuse - Google Patents
Anti-crack curing method for arc extinguishing sand column of quick fuse Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 175
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PHIQPXBZDGYJOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate nonahydrate Chemical group O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PHIQPXBZDGYJOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H69/00—Apparatus or processes for the manufacture of emergency protective devices
- H01H69/02—Manufacture of fuses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
- H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
- H01H85/18—Casing fillings, e.g. powder
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
- H01H2085/388—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc using special materials
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种快速熔断器灭弧砂柱抗裂纹固化方法，解决现有快速熔断器灭弧石英砂柱固化后易出现裂纹，进而导致熔断器快速分断能力和正常载流寿命下降的问题。该方法包括以下步骤：1)将固化剂与去离子水按质量比为1:4～2:3混合后作为固化液，加热固化液使硅酸钠完全溶解到去离子水中并保温处理，固化剂为九水合硅酸钠晶体或粉末，模数n＝1～3；2)缩合磷酸铝混合到烘干后的石英砂中并搅拌均匀，再填装到熔断器陶瓷管内；3)抽取固化液滴灌注入熔断器陶瓷管内砂体中；4)加热烘烤脱水固化，具体为将熔断器陶瓷管封住的一端打开，熔断器陶瓷管呈水平姿态放进脱水烘箱内，使熔断器陶瓷管填装的砂体内水分蒸发，冷却后获得无裂纹熔断器灭弧石英砂柱。The invention provides an anti-crack curing method for a quick-fuse arc-extinguishing sand column, which solves the problem that cracks are prone to occur after solidification of the existing quick-fuse arc-quenching quartz sand column, which further reduces the rapid breaking capacity and normal current-carrying life of the fuse. The method includes the following steps: 1) mixing the curing agent and deionized water in a mass ratio of 1:4 to 2:3 as a solidification liquid, heating the solidification liquid to completely dissolve the sodium silicate into the deionized water, heat preservation treatment, and curing The agent is sodium silicate nonahydrate crystal or powder, modulus n=1～3; 2) Condensed aluminum phosphate is mixed into the dried quartz sand and stirred evenly, and then filled into the fuse ceramic tube; 3) Extraction and solidification The droplets are poured into the sand body in the ceramic tube of the fuse; 4) heating, baking, dehydration and solidification, specifically opening the end sealed by the ceramic tube of the fuse, and placing the ceramic tube of the fuse into the dehydration oven in a horizontal position, so that the ceramic tube of the fuse is placed in the dehydration oven. The water in the filled sand evaporates, and after cooling, a crack-free fuse arc-extinguishing quartz sand column is obtained.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种砂柱固化工艺，具体涉及一种快速熔断器灭弧砂柱抗裂 纹固化方法。The invention relates to a sand column solidification process, in particular to a crack-resistant solidification method for a quick fuse arc extinguishing sand column.
背景技术Background technique
高电压大电流熔断器作为短路快速保护核心器件，目前已广泛应用于电 力系统、充电电源、电池、新能源汽车、电力机车、船舶潜艇、航空航天等 领域。高电压大电流熔断器一般由空芯陶瓷管、灭弧介质、熔体、金属端帽 构成，熔体和灭弧介质填充在陶瓷管内部。对于μs～ms级超快速分断熔断器， 采用高温固化的石英砂柱作为熔断器熔体分断灭弧介质，在短路故障下、熔 体狭颈熔化起弧后，固化的石英砂柱迅速将电弧粒子吸附到砂体内部，促成 熔体快速灭弧分断，实现快速短路保护；在熔断器正常通流、载流情形下， 熔体会发热，被固化的石英砂柱紧紧包裹的熔体可以通过砂柱迅速导热散热， 促使熔体温升降低，大大延长了熔断器寿命。但是，如果石英砂柱在固化和 脱水过程中出现裂纹，尤其是裂纹出现在熔断器熔体狭颈位置，高温熔体狭 颈就会出现导热散热不良，熔体载流寿命迅速降低；并且短路故障下狭颈位 置的裂纹气隙不利于快速灭弧，熔断器分断时间延长，对快速分断保护不利。 因此，快速熔断器灭弧石英砂柱的固化工艺，对熔断器的快速保护、载流寿 命等关键特性具有重要影响。As the core device for short-circuit fast protection, high-voltage and high-current fuses have been widely used in power systems, charging power supplies, batteries, new energy vehicles, electric locomotives, ships, submarines, aerospace and other fields. High-voltage and high-current fuses are generally composed of hollow ceramic tubes, arc-extinguishing medium, melt, and metal end caps, and the melt and arc-extinguishing medium are filled inside the ceramic tube. For μs-ms ultra-fast breaking fuses, the high-temperature solidified quartz sand column is used as the fuse melt breaking and arc extinguishing medium. Under the short-circuit fault, after the melt narrow neck melts and starts the arc, the solidified quartz sand column quickly breaks the arc. The particles are adsorbed into the sand body, which promotes the rapid arc-extinguishing and breaking of the melt, and realizes rapid short-circuit protection; under the normal flow and current-carrying conditions of the fuse, the melt will heat up, and the melt tightly wrapped by the solidified quartz sand column can The rapid heat conduction and heat dissipation through the sand column reduces the temperature rise of the melt and greatly prolongs the life of the fuse. However, if the quartz sand column has cracks during the solidification and dehydration process, especially the cracks appear at the narrow neck of the fuse melt, the heat conduction and heat dissipation of the high temperature melt narrow neck will be poor, and the current carrying life of the melt will be rapidly reduced; The crack air gap at the narrow neck position under the fault is not conducive to rapid arc extinguishing, and the fuse breaking time is prolonged, which is unfavorable for rapid breaking protection. Therefore, the curing process of the arc-extinguishing quartz sand column of the fast fuse has an important impact on the key characteristics of the fuse, such as fast protection and current-carrying life.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了解决现有快速熔断器灭弧石英砂柱固化后易出现裂纹，进而导致熔 断器快速分断能力和正常载流寿命下降的技术问题，本发明提供了一种快速 熔断器灭弧砂柱抗裂纹固化方法。In order to solve the technical problem that cracks easily appear after the solidification of the existing quick-fuse arc-extinguishing quartz sand column, which further leads to the decline of the rapid breaking capacity and normal current-carrying life of the fuse, the present invention provides an anti-crack of the quick-fuse arc-extinguishing sand column. curing method.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的技术方案是：For achieving the above object, the technical scheme provided by the present invention is:
一种快速熔断器灭弧砂柱抗裂纹固化方法，其特殊之处在于，包括以下步 骤：An anti-crack curing method for an arc-extinguishing sand column of a quick fuse, which is special in that it includes the following steps:
1)固化剂调配1) Preparation of curing agent
将固化剂与去离子水按质量比为1:4～2:3混合后作为固化液，加热固化液使 硅酸钠完全溶解到去离子水中，固化液保温处理；After the curing agent and deionized water are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:4 to 2:3 as a solidified solution, the solidified solution is heated to completely dissolve the sodium silicate into the deionized water, and the solidified solution is heat-insulated;
其中，固化剂为九水合硅酸钠晶体或粉末，模数n＝1～3；Wherein, the curing agent is sodium silicate nonahydrate crystal or powder, and the modulus is n=1～3;
2)填装熔断器陶瓷管2) Fill the fuse ceramic tube
2.1)将熔断器用的60～80目石英砂清洗、烘干，将缩合磷酸铝混合到烘干后 的石英砂中并搅拌均匀，获得砂体；2.1) cleaning and drying the 60-80 mesh quartz sand used for the fuse, mixing the condensed aluminum phosphate into the dried quartz sand and stirring to obtain a sand body;
其中，缩合磷酸铝与石英砂的质量比为(0.0058～0.0063):1；Wherein, the mass ratio of condensed aluminum phosphate and quartz sand is (0.0058～0.0063): 1;
2.2)将熔断器陶瓷管的一端开口封住，将步骤2.1)混合后的缩合磷酸铝和 石英砂从熔断器陶瓷管的另一端开口处填装到熔断器陶瓷管内；2.2) one end opening of the fuse ceramic tube is sealed, and the mixed condensed aluminum phosphate and quartz sand in step 2.1) are filled into the fuse ceramic tube from the other end opening of the fuse ceramic tube;
3)固化剂滴灌3) Curing agent drip irrigation
3.1)将步骤2.2)填装后的熔断器陶瓷管竖直放置于烘箱中，且开口的一端 朝上；烘箱温度为80～90℃，熔断器陶瓷管及内部填装的砂体在烘箱中保温；3.1) Place the fuse ceramic tube filled in step 2.2) vertically in the oven with the open end facing up; the oven temperature is 80-90°C, the fuse ceramic tube and the sand body filled inside are in the oven Insulation;
3.2)将熔断器陶瓷管从烘箱中取出后，竖直放置于常温常压环境中；3.2) After taking the fuse ceramic tube out of the oven, place it vertically in a normal temperature and normal pressure environment;
3.3)抽取步骤1)保温处理的固化液，从熔断器陶瓷管上端开口处，快速将 抽取的固化液全部滴灌注入熔断器陶瓷管内砂体中；整个滴灌过程所需要的时间 为2～3min；3.3) Extracting the solidified liquid of step 1) heat preservation treatment, from the opening at the upper end of the fuse ceramic tube, quickly drip all the extracted solidified liquid into the sand body in the fuse ceramic tube; the time required for the entire drip irrigation process is 2～3min;
其中，抽取的固化液与熔断器陶瓷管内填装石英砂的质量比为(0.19～0.21):1；Wherein, the mass ratio of the extracted solidification liquid to the quartz sand filled in the ceramic tube of the fuse is (0.19-0.21):1;
4)加热烘烤脱水固化；4) Heating, baking, dehydration and curing;
将熔断器陶瓷管封住的一端打开，熔断器陶瓷管呈水平姿态放进脱水烘箱内， 使熔断器陶瓷管填装的砂体内水分蒸发，冷却后获得无裂纹熔断器灭弧石英砂柱。The sealed end of the fuse ceramic tube is opened, and the fuse ceramic tube is placed in the dehydration oven in a horizontal position to evaporate the water in the sand filled with the fuse ceramic tube. After cooling, a crack-free fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand column is obtained.
进一步地，步骤4)具体为：Further, step 4) is specifically:
4.1)将熔断器陶瓷管封住的一端打开，熔断器陶瓷管呈水平姿态放进40±1℃ 的脱水烘箱内；4.1) Open the sealed end of the fuse ceramic tube, and put the fuse ceramic tube into a dehydration oven at 40±1℃ in a horizontal position;
4.2)脱水烘箱内温度按0.8～1℃/h的线性升温速率持续升温并达到60±1℃ ；4.2) The temperature in the dehydration oven continues to heat up and reaches 60±1°C at a linear temperature increase rate of 0.8～1°C/h;
其中，每隔3～4h打开脱水烘箱箱门，将水平放置的熔断器陶瓷管沿陶瓷管 轴向旋转180°后关闭箱门；Wherein, open the door of the dehydration oven every 3～4h, and close the door after the fuse ceramic tube placed horizontally is rotated 180° along the axial direction of the ceramic tube;
4.3)脱水烘箱内温度按0.8～1℃/h的线性升温速率持续升温并达到100±1℃ ；4.3) The temperature in the dehydration oven continues to heat up and reaches 100±1°C at a linear temperature increase rate of 0.8～1°C/h;
4.4)脱水烘箱内温度按2.8～3.2℃/h的线性升温速率持续升温并达到130± 1℃；4.4) The temperature in the dehydration oven is continuously increased at a linear heating rate of 2.8 to 3.2 °C/h and reaches 130 ± 1 °C;
4.5)保温4h后，脱水烘箱停止工作，熔断器陶瓷管及填装的砂体冷却后取 出，获得无裂纹熔断器灭弧石英砂柱。4.5) After 4 hours of heat preservation, the dehydration oven stops working, the fuse ceramic tube and the filled sand body are cooled and taken out to obtain a crack-free fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand column.
进一步地，步骤1)中，所述固化剂与去离子水的质量比为3:7；Further, in step 1), the mass ratio of the solidifying agent and deionized water is 3:7;
所述九水合硅酸钠晶体或粉末的纯度≥99.7％，模数n＝2；The purity of the sodium silicate nonahydrate crystal or powder is ≥99.7%, and the modulus is n=2;
所述保温温度≥90℃且≤100℃。The holding temperature is greater than or equal to 90°C and less than or equal to 100°C.
进一步地，步骤1)中，加热固化液使硅酸钠完全溶解到去离子水中具体 为，将固化液盛放于不锈钢容器中；在常温常压下对不锈钢容器均匀加热，使 不锈钢容器中盛放的固化液加热到100℃。Further, in step 1), heating the solidified liquid to completely dissolve the sodium silicate into deionized water is specifically, the solidified liquid is placed in a stainless steel container; the stainless steel container is evenly heated at normal temperature and pressure, so that the stainless steel container is filled with water. Put the solidified liquid heated to 100 ℃.
进一步地，步骤2.2)中，所述熔断器陶瓷管两端的开口直径大于等于8mm。Further, in step 2.2), the diameter of the openings at both ends of the fuse ceramic tube is greater than or equal to 8 mm.
进一步地，步骤2.2)具体为，用橡皮塞将熔断器陶瓷管一端的开口封住； 将熔断器陶瓷管竖直放立，橡皮塞封口的一端朝底部，开口的一端朝上，将步 骤2.1)混合后的缩合磷酸铝和石英砂从熔断器陶瓷管开口的一端填装到熔断器 陶瓷管内，将熔断器陶瓷管内部空间填满并摇匀。Further, in step 2.2), the opening of one end of the fuse ceramic tube is sealed with a rubber stopper; the fuse ceramic tube is placed upright, the sealed end of the rubber stopper is facing the bottom, and the open end is facing upward, and step 2.1 ) The mixed condensed aluminum phosphate and quartz sand are filled into the fuse ceramic tube from the open end of the fuse ceramic tube, and the inner space of the fuse ceramic tube is filled and shaken.
进一步地，步骤2.1)中，采用去离子水清洗石英砂。Further, in step 2.1), deionized water is used to clean the quartz sand.
进一步地，步骤3.1)中，熔断器陶瓷管及内部填装的砂体在烘箱中保温时 间为0.5～1h。Further, in step 3.1), the heat preservation time of the ceramic tube of the fuse and the sand body filled in the oven is 0.5-1 h.
进一步地，步骤3.3)中，采用洁净注射器从保温的不锈钢容器中迅速抽取 保温的固化液。Further, in step 3.3), a clean syringe is used to rapidly extract the heat-insulated solidification solution from the heat-insulated stainless steel container.
进一步地，步骤4.2)中，线性升温速率为0.83℃/h，每隔4h打开脱水烘 箱箱门；Further, in step 4.2), the linear heating rate is 0.83 ° C/h, and the dehydration oven door is opened every 4h;
步骤4.3)中，线性升温速率为0.83℃/h；In step 4.3), the linear heating rate is 0.83°C/h;
步骤4.4)中，线性升温速率为3℃/h。In step 4.4), the linear heating rate is 3°C/h.
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点是：Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:
本发明固化方法包括固化剂调配、填装熔断器陶瓷管、固化剂滴灌、加热 烘烤脱水固化步骤，采用模数为1～3的硅酸钠作为石英砂柱固化剂、缩合磷酸 铝作为石英砂柱固化增强剂，通过合理设计固化剂与去离子水的质量配比、固 化增强剂与石英砂的质量配比、滴灌固化液与熔断器陶瓷管内填装石英砂的质 量配比，以及脱水固化过程的烘烤温度、温升速率、保温时间，可获得无裂纹 熔断器灭弧石英砂柱，解决了现有快速熔断器灭弧石英砂柱固化过程中出现砂 柱裂纹的难题。本发明固化工艺方法制成的快速熔断器灭弧砂柱，具有机械强 度高、高温耐受性好、抗吸潮散解性好、稳定可靠性高的有益效果，可显著提 高熔断器快速分断能力和正常载流寿命。The curing method of the invention comprises the steps of preparing a curing agent, filling a fuse ceramic tube, drip irrigation of the curing agent, heating, baking, dehydration and curing. Sand column curing enhancer, through reasonable design of the mass ratio of curing agent and deionized water, the mass ratio of curing enhancer and quartz sand, the mass ratio of drip irrigation curing liquid and the mass ratio of quartz sand filled in the fuse ceramic tube, and dehydration The baking temperature, temperature rise rate and holding time in the curing process can obtain a crack-free fuse arc-quenching quartz sand column, which solves the problem of sand column cracks during the curing process of the existing quick-fuse arc-quenching quartz sand column. The quick-fuse arc-extinguishing sand column prepared by the curing process of the invention has the beneficial effects of high mechanical strength, good high temperature tolerance, good moisture absorption and disintegration resistance, and high stability and reliability, and can significantly improve the rapid breaking of the fuse. capacity and normal current-carrying life.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的内容作进一步详细描述。The content of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
熔断器内部的灭弧石英砂柱的固化，需要考虑以下几个方面：固化剂不 会明显腐蚀熔体金属材料；固化剂的热膨胀特性与石英砂膨胀特性基本一致； 固化后的石英砂柱具有较强的机械强度和环境适应性；固化剂滴灌到石英砂 中后，砂体要均匀固化，不能出现快速冷凝固化，否则石英砂会分层不连续， 上层凝固后的砂体会阻止固化剂继续向下层石英砂渗透，导致下层石英砂无 法固化；石英砂柱的固化温度、固化时间要合理，固化温度过高、固化时间 过长都会导致砂柱裂纹，但固化温度过低、固化时间过短又会导致砂柱水分不能除尽而使砂柱强度降低。因此，固化剂及其成分配比、固化剂均匀滴灌 与均匀固化过程控制、合理的固化温度和时间，是快速熔断器灭弧石英砂柱 固化工艺的关键参数。The curing of the arc-extinguishing quartz sand column inside the fuse needs to consider the following aspects: the curing agent will not corrode the molten metal material significantly; the thermal expansion characteristics of the curing agent are basically the same as the expansion characteristics of quartz sand; the cured quartz sand column has Strong mechanical strength and environmental adaptability; after the curing agent is drip-irrigated into the quartz sand, the sand body must be uniformly solidified, and rapid condensation and solidification cannot occur, otherwise the quartz sand will be layered and discontinuous, and the upper layer of solidified sand will prevent the curing agent from continuing. Infiltration of the lower layer of quartz sand, resulting in the failure of the lower layer of quartz sand to cure; the curing temperature and curing time of the quartz sand column should be reasonable. Too high curing temperature and too long curing time will lead to cracks in the sand column, but the curing temperature is too low and the curing time is too short In turn, the water in the sand column cannot be removed completely and the strength of the sand column is reduced. Therefore, the curing agent and its composition ratio, the uniform drip irrigation of the curing agent and the uniform curing process control, and the reasonable curing temperature and time are the key parameters of the curing process of the fast fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand column.
硅酸钠是一种非常适合作为熔断器灭弧石英砂固化的固化剂，硅酸钠与 水按特定比例混合后加热，硅酸钠会溶解到水中形成胶体，将该胶体滴灌、 渗透到熔断器陶瓷管内的石英砂中，再加热将石英砂中的水分烘干后形成固 化砂柱。固化用硅酸钠(Na2O·nSiO2)中Na2O与SiO2部分的摩尔数比值n称为模 数，n为正整数；n越大，固化粘接后的石英砂柱粘接力、强度和耐热性均明 显提高，但硅酸钠水溶胶体密度和粘度较大，硬化速度快，熔断器石英砂在 胶体滴灌过程中就出现硬化分层，砂柱固化不均匀、不连续；n越小，硅酸钠水溶胶体密度和粘度降低，渗透性好，可以确保熔断器石英砂在胶体滴灌 过程中均匀固化，但固化后的石英砂柱粘接力、强度和耐热性降低。硅酸钠 通常都不能以不含水分的形式单独存在，都是以包含结晶水的分子式存在， 因此本发明选择九水合硅酸钠作为熔断器灭弧石英砂固化的固化剂。Sodium silicate is a very suitable curing agent for fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand. Sodium silicate and water are mixed in a specific proportion and heated, and sodium silicate will dissolve into water to form a colloid, which drips and penetrates into the fuse. In the quartz sand in the ceramic tube of the ceramic ware, reheating will dry the moisture in the quartz sand to form a solidified sand column. The molar ratio n of Na 2 O and SiO 2 in sodium silicate for curing (Na 2 O·nSiO 2 ) is called the modulus, and n is a positive integer; The strength, strength and heat resistance are obviously improved, but the density and viscosity of sodium silicate hydrosol are high, and the hardening speed is fast. In the process of colloidal drip irrigation, the quartz sand of the fuse will be hardened and delaminated, and the solidification of the sand column will be uneven and discontinuous. ; The smaller n is, the lower the density and viscosity of sodium silicate hydrosol, and the better permeability, which can ensure that the quartz sand of the fuse is uniformly cured in the process of colloidal drip irrigation, but the adhesion, strength and heat resistance of the cured quartz sand column are reduced. . Usually, sodium silicate cannot exist alone in a form without moisture, but exists in a molecular formula containing crystal water. Therefore, the present invention selects sodium silicate nonahydrate as the curing agent for curing the fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand.
因此，为了防止熔断器石英砂在固化及加热脱水过程中出现裂纹而影响 熔断器关键性能，必须合理选择硅酸钠模数n，同时还要在固化胶和石英砂 中掺入适当比例的固化增强剂，增强固化后砂柱的粘接力、强度和耐热性， 在硅酸钠胶体滴灌进入熔断器石英砂体的过程中还要防止粘稠的胶体迅速 冷却硬化的问题，在熔断器石英砂固化后的加热脱水过程中还要合理选择加 热升温模式及温度参数、加热时间。Therefore, in order to prevent the fuse quartz sand from cracking during the curing and heating dehydration process and affecting the key performance of the fuse, the sodium silicate modulus n must be reasonably selected, and an appropriate proportion of curing glue and quartz sand should be mixed into the curing glue and quartz sand. Reinforcing agent to enhance the adhesion, strength and heat resistance of the sand column after curing, and also to prevent the problem of rapid cooling and hardening of the viscous colloid during the drip irrigation of the sodium silicate colloid into the quartz sand body of the fuse. In the heating and dehydration process after the quartz sand is cured, the heating mode, temperature parameters and heating time should be reasonably selected.
实施例一Example 1
对已有的DC1600V30A熔断器内部的灭弧砂柱，按本发明方法进行抗裂纹 固化工艺处理，包括以下步骤：To the arc extinguishing sand column inside the existing DC1600V30A fuse, carry out anti-crack curing process treatment according to the inventive method, and comprise the following steps:
1)固化剂调配；1) The preparation of curing agent;
固化剂为九水合硅酸钠粉末，模数n＝2(Na2O·2SiO2)，纯度≥99.7％；在 室温下，取硅酸钠分析纯30g、去离子水70g混合后作为固化液，盛放于不 锈钢容器中；在常温常压下对不锈钢容器均匀加热，使不锈钢容器中盛放的 固化液加热到100℃，固化液变清澈透明，硅酸钠完全溶解到去离子水中， 之后将盛放的固化液的不锈钢容器放在温度90℃左右的热水中保温；The curing agent is sodium silicate nonahydrate powder, the modulus is n=2 (Na 2 O 2SiO 2 ), and the purity is ≥99.7%; at room temperature, 30 g of analytically pure sodium silicate and 70 g of deionized water are mixed as the solidifying liquid , placed in a stainless steel container; uniformly heat the stainless steel container under normal temperature and pressure, so that the solidified liquid contained in the stainless steel container is heated to 100 ° C, the solidified liquid becomes clear and transparent, and the sodium silicate is completely dissolved in deionized water. Put the stainless steel container of the solidified liquid in hot water with a temperature of about 90 °C to keep warm;
2)填装熔断器陶瓷管2) Fill the fuse ceramic tube
2.1)采用去离子水将熔断器用的60～80目石英砂进行清洗，之后将石英 砂烘干；采用缩合磷酸铝分析纯作为固化增强剂，将缩合磷酸铝粉末混合到 烘干后的石英砂中并搅拌均匀，获得砂体；缩合磷酸铝粉末与石英砂的质量 比为0.72g:120g；2.1) Use deionized water to clean the 60-80 mesh quartz sand used for the fuse, and then dry the quartz sand; use analytically pure condensed aluminum phosphate as a curing enhancer, mix the condensed aluminum phosphate powder into the dried quartz sand and stir evenly to obtain sand body; the mass ratio of condensed aluminum phosphate powder and quartz sand is 0.72g:120g;
2.2)熔断器陶瓷管为两端开圆孔的空芯圆管结构，两端的开口直径等 于8mm，在其他实施例中两端的开口直径可大于8mm，例如可选择9mm、10mm； 用橡皮塞将熔断器陶瓷管一端的圆孔封住；将熔断器陶瓷管竖直放立，橡皮 塞封口的一端朝底部，开口的一端朝上；将步骤2.1)混合后的缩合磷酸铝与 石英砂混合物填装到熔断器陶瓷管内，并将熔断器陶瓷管内部空间填满并摇 匀，每只熔断器陶瓷管内填砂重量31g左右，一共装填3只熔断器陶瓷管；2.2) The fuse ceramic tube is a hollow-core circular tube structure with round holes at both ends, and the diameter of the opening at both ends is equal to 8mm. In other embodiments, the diameter of the opening at both ends can be greater than 8mm, for example, 9mm and 10mm can be selected; Seal the round hole at one end of the fuse ceramic tube; stand the fuse ceramic tube upright, with the sealed end of the rubber plug facing the bottom and the open end facing up; fill the mixture of condensed aluminum phosphate and quartz sand mixed in step 2.1). Install it into the fuse ceramic tube, fill the inner space of the fuse ceramic tube and shake it evenly. The sand filling weight in each fuse ceramic tube is about 31g, and a total of 3 fuse ceramic tubes are filled;
3)固化剂滴灌；3) Curing agent drip irrigation;
3.1)将3只完成填砂的熔断器陶瓷管竖直放置于烘箱中，且开口的一端 均朝上，橡皮塞封口的一端均朝下；烘箱温度85℃，3只熔断器陶瓷管及内 部填充的砂体在烘箱中保温1h；3.1) Place the three fuse ceramic tubes with sand-filling upright in the oven, with the open end facing up and the rubber plug sealing end facing down; the oven temperature is 85°C, the three fuse ceramic tubes and the inner The filled sand body is kept in an oven for 1h;
3.2)从烘箱中取出1只待滴灌的熔断器陶瓷管，竖直放置于常温常压环 境中；3.2) Take out 1 fuse ceramic tube to be drip irrigation from the oven, and place it vertically in normal temperature and normal pressure environment;
3.3)采用洁净注射器从步骤1)保温的不锈钢容器中迅速定量抽取保温 的固化液，固化液与熔断器陶瓷管内填装石英砂的质量之比为6.5g:31g，按 此比例确定注射器抽取液面的刻度为6.5mL；从熔断器陶瓷管上端开口处， 快速将注射器中的固化液全部滴灌注入熔断器陶瓷管内砂体中，整个滴灌过 程持续2min左右；3.3) Use a clean syringe to rapidly and quantitatively extract the thermally insulated solidified liquid from the stainless steel container of step 1). The ratio of the solidified liquid to the mass of the quartz sand filled in the ceramic tube of the fuse is 6.5g:31g, and the syringe extraction liquid is determined according to this ratio. The scale on the surface of the fuse is 6.5mL; from the opening at the upper end of the fuse ceramic tube, quickly pour all the solidified liquid in the syringe into the sand body of the fuse ceramic tube, and the whole drip irrigation process lasts about 2 minutes;
3.4)按3.2)、3.3)所述流程完成其余2只熔断器陶瓷管填充砂体的固 化剂滴灌；3.4) Complete the curing agent drip irrigation of the remaining 2 fuse ceramic tubes to fill the sand body according to the procedures described in 3.2) and 3.3);
4)加热烘烤脱水固化；4) Heating, baking, dehydration and curing;
4.1)固化剂滴灌完成后，将3只熔断器陶瓷管底部封口的橡胶塞拔掉并 保持熔断器陶瓷管底部开口状态，将3只熔断器陶瓷管及砂柱成水平姿态迅 速放进40℃的脱水烘箱内，熔断器陶瓷管两端的圆孔开孔直径为8mm，熔断 器陶瓷管两端的圆孔作为砂柱内水分蒸发后的排出通道；烘烤过程中，脱水 烘箱内部空气循环流动，并通过排湿口持续向烘箱外部排湿；4.1) After the drip irrigation of the curing agent is completed, remove the rubber plugs sealed at the bottom of the three fuse ceramic tubes and keep the bottom of the fuse ceramic tubes open, and quickly put the three fuse ceramic tubes and the sand column into a horizontal position at 40°C. In the dehydration oven, the diameter of the round holes at both ends of the fuse ceramic tube is 8mm, and the round holes at both ends of the fuse ceramic tube serve as the discharge channel for the evaporation of water in the sand column; during the baking process, the air inside the dehydration oven circulates, And continuously dehumidify to the outside of the oven through the dehumidification port;
4.2)脱水烘箱内起始平均温度为40℃，按0.83℃/h的线性升温速率 持续升温，每隔4h左右打开脱水烘箱箱门，并迅速将水平放置的每只熔断器 陶瓷管及填充砂体沿熔断器陶瓷管轴向旋转180°后关闭箱门；持续烘烤24h 后脱水烘箱内平均温度升高到60℃左右，在这24h内每只熔断器陶瓷管的烘 干姿态一共调整6次；4.2) The initial average temperature in the dehydration oven is 40°C, and the temperature continues to rise at a linear heating rate of 0.83°C/h. The door of the dehydration oven is opened every 4 hours or so, and each fuse ceramic tube placed horizontally and filled with sand are quickly placed. The body rotates 180° in the axial direction of the fuse ceramic tube, and then closes the box door; after continuous baking for 24 hours, the average temperature in the dehydration oven rises to about 60 °C. During this 24 hours, the drying posture of each fuse ceramic tube is adjusted for a total of 6 Second-rate;
4.3)脱水烘箱内平均温度达到60℃后，再按0.83℃/h的线性升温速 率持续升温48h并达到100℃左右，本过程不再调整熔断器陶瓷管及填充砂 体的姿态；4.3) After the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 60°C, continue to heat up at a linear heating rate of 0.83°C/h for 48 hours and reach about 100°C. In this process, the fuse ceramic tube and the posture of the filled sand body are no longer adjusted;
4.4)脱水烘箱内平均温度达到100℃后，再按3℃/h的线性升温速率 持续升温10h并达到130℃；4.4) After the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 100°C, continue to heat up at a linear heating rate of 3°C/h for 10h and reach 130°C;
4.5)脱水烘箱内平均温度达到130℃后，不再继续升温，保温4h后， 脱水烘箱断电停止工作；熔断器陶瓷管及填充砂体自然冷却后取出，获得无 裂纹熔断器灭弧石英砂柱，并装入洁净的塑料封装袋；塑料封装袋抽气后通 过封口机塑封封口。4.5) After the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 130°C, the temperature will not continue to rise. After 4 hours of heat preservation, the dehydration oven will be powered off and stop working; the fuse ceramic tube and the filled sand body will be naturally cooled and taken out to obtain a crack-free fuse arc-extinguishing quartz sand. Column, and put into a clean plastic packaging bag; after the plastic packaging bag is evacuated, it is plastic-sealed and sealed by a sealing machine.
采用工业X光成像的方法，对按本实施例方法完成固化和脱水的3只熔断 器灭弧石英砂柱进行拍照和二维成像，成像分辨率优于50μm，不同角度的X 光照片均显示3只熔断器灭弧石英砂柱致密均匀、并无可分辨裂纹及孔洞缺 陷；采用工业CT扫描三维成像的方法，对按本实施例方法完成固化和脱水的 3只熔断器灭弧石英砂柱进行拍照和三维成像，成像分辨率优于20μm，不同 角度的截面照片均显示3只熔断器灭弧石英砂柱致密均匀、并无可分辨裂纹 及孔洞缺陷。测试结果证明：对固化成型的砂柱进行X光检测、工业CT扫描三维成像检测的结果均表明，本实施例技术方法制备的石英砂柱致密均匀， 无裂纹、无孔洞等缺陷，解决了快速熔断器灭弧石英砂柱固化过程中出现砂 柱裂纹的难题。Using the method of industrial X-ray imaging, photographing and two-dimensional imaging of three fuse arc-quenching quartz sand columns that have been cured and dehydrated according to the method of this embodiment, the imaging resolution is better than 50 μm, and X-ray photos at different angles show The three fuse arc-quenching quartz sand columns are dense and uniform, and have no distinguishable cracks and hole defects; the three-dimensional fuse arc-quenching quartz sand columns that have been solidified and dehydrated according to the method of this embodiment are analyzed by using the method of industrial CT scanning three-dimensional imaging. Taking pictures and three-dimensional imaging, the imaging resolution is better than 20μm, and the cross-sectional photos at different angles show that the three fuse arc-quenching quartz sand columns are dense and uniform, and there are no distinguishable cracks and hole defects. The test results prove that the results of X-ray inspection and industrial CT scanning three-dimensional imaging inspection of the solidified sand column all show that the quartz sand column prepared by the technical method of this embodiment is dense and uniform, without cracks, holes and other defects, and solves the problem of rapid The problem of sand column cracks during the curing process of the fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand column.
本实施例固化方法通过采用固化剂调配、固化剂滴灌、加热烘烤脱水固 化等工艺步骤，采用高模数硅酸钠作为石英砂柱固化剂、缩合磷酸铝作为石 英砂柱固化增强剂，固化成型的快速熔断器灭弧石英砂柱致密均匀，无裂 纹、孔洞等缺陷，具有机械强度高、高温耐受性好、抗吸潮散解性好、稳定 可靠性高的特点，可显著提高熔断器快速分断能力和正常载流寿命。The curing method in this embodiment adopts the process steps of curing agent deployment, curing agent drip irrigation, heating, baking, dehydration and curing, using high-modulus sodium silicate as the quartz sand column curing agent, and condensed aluminum phosphate as the quartz sand column curing enhancer. The formed quick-fuse arc-extinguishing quartz sand column is dense and uniform, without defects such as cracks and holes, and has the characteristics of high mechanical strength, good high temperature tolerance, good moisture absorption and disintegration resistance, and high stability and reliability, which can significantly improve the fuse fast breaking capacity and normal current-carrying life of the device.
实施例二Embodiment 2
一种快速熔断器灭弧砂柱抗裂纹固化方法，包括以下步骤：An anti-crack curing method for an arc-extinguishing sand column of a quick fuse, comprising the following steps:
1)固化剂调配；1) The preparation of curing agent;
固化剂为九水合硅酸钠粉末，模数n＝3(Na2O·3SiO2)，纯度≥99.7％；在 室温下，取硅酸钠分析纯30g、去离子水90g混合后作为固化液，盛放于不 锈钢容器中；在常温常压下对不锈钢容器均匀加热，使不锈钢容器中盛放的 固化液加热到100℃，固化液变清澈透明，硅酸钠完全溶解到去离子水中， 之后将盛放的固化液的不锈钢容器放在温度90℃左右的热水中保温；The curing agent is sodium silicate nonahydrate powder, the modulus is n=3 (Na 2 O 3SiO 2 ), and the purity is ≥99.7%; at room temperature, 30g of analytically pure sodium silicate and 90g of deionized water are mixed as the solidifying liquid , placed in a stainless steel container; uniformly heat the stainless steel container under normal temperature and pressure, so that the solidified liquid contained in the stainless steel container is heated to 100 ° C, the solidified liquid becomes clear and transparent, and the sodium silicate is completely dissolved in deionized water. Put the stainless steel container of the solidified liquid in hot water with a temperature of about 90 °C to keep warm;
2)填装熔断器陶瓷管2) Fill the fuse ceramic tube
2.1)采用去离子水将熔断器用的60～80目石英砂进行清洗，之后将石英 砂烘干；采用缩合磷酸铝分析纯作为固化增强剂，将缩合磷酸铝粉末混合到 烘干后的石英砂中并搅拌均匀，获得砂体；缩合磷酸铝粉末与石英砂的质量 比为0.72g:124g；2.1) Use deionized water to clean the 60-80 mesh quartz sand used for the fuse, and then dry the quartz sand; use analytically pure condensed aluminum phosphate as a curing enhancer, mix the condensed aluminum phosphate powder into the dried quartz sand and stir evenly to obtain sand body; the mass ratio of condensed aluminum phosphate powder and quartz sand is 0.72g:124g;
2.2)熔断器陶瓷管为两端开圆孔的空芯圆管结构，两端的开口直径等 于8mm，用橡皮塞将熔断器陶瓷管一端的圆孔封住；将熔断器陶瓷管竖直放立， 橡皮塞封口的一端朝底部，开口的一端朝上；将步骤2.1)混合后的缩合磷酸 铝与石英砂混合物填装到熔断器陶瓷管内，并将熔断器陶瓷管内部空间填满 并摇匀，每只熔断器陶瓷管内填砂重量31g左右，一共装填3只熔断器陶瓷管；2.2) The fuse ceramic tube is a hollow-core circular tube structure with round holes at both ends. The diameter of the opening at both ends is equal to 8mm, and the round hole at one end of the fuse ceramic tube is sealed with a rubber plug; the fuse ceramic tube is placed vertically. , with the sealed end of the rubber plug facing the bottom and the open end facing upward; fill the mixture of condensed aluminum phosphate and quartz sand mixed in step 2.1) into the fuse ceramic tube, and fill the inner space of the fuse ceramic tube and shake well , the weight of sand filling in each fuse ceramic tube is about 31g, and a total of 3 fuse ceramic tubes are filled;
3)固化剂滴灌；3) Curing agent drip irrigation;
3.1)将3只完成填砂的熔断器陶瓷管竖直放置于烘箱中，且开口的一端 均朝上，橡皮塞封口的一端均朝下；烘箱温度85℃，3只熔断器陶瓷管及内 部填充的砂体在烘箱中保温0.5h；3.1) Place the three fuse ceramic tubes with sand-filling upright in the oven, with the open end facing up and the rubber plug sealing end facing down; the oven temperature is 85°C, the three fuse ceramic tubes and the inner The filled sand body is kept in an oven for 0.5h;
3.2)从烘箱中取出1只待滴灌的熔断器陶瓷管，竖直放置于常温常压环 境中；3.2) Take out 1 fuse ceramic tube to be drip irrigation from the oven, and place it vertically in normal temperature and normal pressure environment;
3.3)采用洁净注射器从步骤1)保温的不锈钢容器中迅速定量抽取保温 的固化液，固化液与熔断器陶瓷管内填装石英砂的质量之比为5.89g:31g， 按此比例确定注射器抽取液面的刻度为5.89mL；从熔断器陶瓷管上端开口处， 快速将注射器中的固化液全部滴灌注入熔断器陶瓷管内砂体中，整个滴灌过 程持续2min左右；3.3) Use a clean syringe to rapidly and quantitatively extract the thermally insulated solidified liquid from the stainless steel container of step 1). The ratio of the solidified liquid to the mass of the quartz sand filled in the fuse ceramic tube is 5.89g:31g, and the syringe extraction liquid is determined according to this ratio. The scale on the surface of the fuse is 5.89mL; from the opening at the upper end of the fuse ceramic tube, quickly pour all the solidified liquid in the syringe into the sand body of the fuse ceramic tube, and the whole drip irrigation process lasts about 2min;
3.4)按3.2)、3.3)所述流程完成其余2只熔断器陶瓷管填充砂体的固 化剂滴灌；3.4) Complete the curing agent drip irrigation of the remaining 2 fuse ceramic tubes to fill the sand body according to the procedures described in 3.2) and 3.3);
4)加热烘烤脱水固化；4) Heating, baking, dehydration and curing;
4.1)固化剂滴灌完成后，将3只熔断器陶瓷管底部封口的橡胶塞拔掉并 保持熔断器陶瓷管底部开口状态，将3只熔断器陶瓷管及砂柱成水平姿态迅 速放进40℃的脱水烘箱内，熔断器陶瓷管两端的圆孔开孔直径为8mm，熔断 器陶瓷管两端的圆孔作为砂柱内水分蒸发后的排出通道；烘烤过程中，脱水 烘箱内部空气循环流动，并通过排湿口持续向烘箱外部排湿；4.1) After the drip irrigation of the curing agent is completed, remove the rubber plugs sealed at the bottom of the three fuse ceramic tubes and keep the bottom of the fuse ceramic tubes open, and quickly put the three fuse ceramic tubes and the sand column into a horizontal position at 40°C. In the dehydration oven, the diameter of the round holes at both ends of the fuse ceramic tube is 8mm, and the round holes at both ends of the fuse ceramic tube serve as the discharge channel for the evaporation of water in the sand column; during the baking process, the air inside the dehydration oven circulates, And continuously dehumidify to the outside of the oven through the dehumidification port;
4.2)脱水烘箱内起始平均温度为40℃，按0.85℃/h的线性升温速率 持续升温，每隔4h左右打开脱水烘箱箱门，并迅速将水平放置的每只熔断器 陶瓷管及填充砂体沿熔断器陶瓷管轴向旋转180°后关闭箱门；持续烘烤24h 后脱水烘箱内平均温度升高到60℃左右，在这24h内每只熔断器陶瓷管的烘 干姿态一共调整6次；4.2) The initial average temperature in the dehydration oven is 40°C, and the temperature continues to rise at a linear heating rate of 0.85°C/h. The door of the dehydration oven is opened every 4 hours or so, and each fuse ceramic tube placed horizontally and filled with sand are quickly placed. The body rotates 180° in the axial direction of the fuse ceramic tube, and then closes the box door; after continuous baking for 24 hours, the average temperature in the dehydration oven rises to about 60 °C. During this 24 hours, the drying posture of each fuse ceramic tube is adjusted for a total of 6 Second-rate;
4.3)脱水烘箱内平均温度达到60℃后，再按0.85℃/h的线性升温速 率持续升温48h并达到100℃左右，本过程不再调整熔断器陶瓷管及填充砂 体的姿态；4.3) After the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 60°C, continue to heat up at a linear heating rate of 0.85°C/h for 48 hours and reach about 100°C. In this process, the posture of the fuse ceramic tube and the filling sand body is no longer adjusted;
4.4)脱水烘箱内平均温度达到100℃后，再按3℃/h的线性升温速率 持续升温10h并达到130℃；4.4) After the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 100°C, continue to heat up at a linear heating rate of 3°C/h for 10h and reach 130°C;
4.5)脱水烘箱内平均温度达到130℃后，不再继续升温，保温4h后， 脱水烘箱断电停止工作；熔断器陶瓷管及填充砂体自然冷却后取出，获得无 裂纹熔断器灭弧石英砂柱，并装入洁净的塑料封装袋；塑料封装袋抽气后通 过封口机塑封封口。4.5) After the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 130°C, the temperature will not continue to rise. After 4 hours of heat preservation, the dehydration oven will be powered off and stop working; the fuse ceramic tube and the filled sand body will be naturally cooled and taken out to obtain a crack-free fuse arc-extinguishing quartz sand. Column, and put into a clean plastic packaging bag; after the plastic packaging bag is evacuated, it is plastic-sealed and sealed by a sealing machine.
采用与实施例一相同的方法进行测试，可获得与实施例相等的产品，易 可证明工业X光成像的方法，对按本实施例方法完成固化和脱水的3只熔断器 灭弧石英砂柱进行拍照和二维成像，成像分辨率优于50μm，不同角度的X光 照片均显示3只熔断器灭弧石英砂柱致密均匀、并无可分辨裂纹及孔洞缺陷； 采用工业CT扫描三维成像的方法，对按本实施例方法完成固化和脱水的3只 熔断器灭弧石英砂柱进行拍照和三维成像，成像分辨率优于20μm，不同角度 的截面照片均显示3只熔断器灭弧石英砂柱致密均匀、并无可分辨裂纹及孔洞缺陷。测试结果证明：对固化成型的砂柱进行X光检测、工业CT扫描三维 成像检测的结果均表明，本实施例技术方法制备的石英砂柱致密均匀，无 裂纹、无孔洞等缺陷，解决了快速熔断器灭弧石英砂柱固化过程中出现砂柱 裂纹的难题。Using the same method as Example 1 for testing, products equivalent to those in Example 1 can be obtained, and it is easy to prove the method of industrial X-ray imaging. Taking pictures and two-dimensional imaging, the imaging resolution is better than 50 μm, and X-ray photos from different angles show that the three fuse arc-quenching quartz sand columns are dense and uniform, and there are no distinguishable cracks and hole defects; industrial CT scanning three-dimensional imaging is used. Method, take pictures and three-dimensional imaging of three fuse arc-quenching quartz sand columns that have been cured and dehydrated according to the method of this embodiment, and the imaging resolution is better than 20 μm. The column is dense and uniform, and there is no discernible crack and hole defect. The test results prove that the results of X-ray inspection and industrial CT scanning three-dimensional imaging inspection of the solidified sand column all show that the quartz sand column prepared by the technical method of this embodiment is dense and uniform, without cracks, holes and other defects, and solves the problem of rapid The problem of sand column cracks during the curing process of the fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand column.
实施例三Embodiment 3
一种快速熔断器灭弧砂柱抗裂纹固化方法，包括以下步骤：An anti-crack curing method for an arc-extinguishing sand column of a quick fuse, comprising the following steps:
1)固化剂调配；1) The preparation of curing agent;
固化剂为九水合硅酸钠粉末，模数n＝3(Na2O·3SiO2)，纯度≥99.7％；在 室温下，取硅酸钠分析纯30g、去离子水60g混合后作为固化液，盛放于不 锈钢容器中；在常温常压下对不锈钢容器均匀加热，使不锈钢容器中盛放的 固化液加热到100℃，固化液变清澈透明，硅酸钠完全溶解到去离子水中， 之后将盛放的固化液的不锈钢容器放在温度90℃左右的热水中保温；The curing agent is sodium silicate nonahydrate powder, the modulus is n=3 (Na 2 O 3SiO 2 ), and the purity is ≥99.7%; at room temperature, 30g of analytically pure sodium silicate and 60g of deionized water are mixed as the solidifying solution , placed in a stainless steel container; uniformly heat the stainless steel container under normal temperature and pressure, so that the solidified liquid contained in the stainless steel container is heated to 100 ° C, the solidified liquid becomes clear and transparent, and the sodium silicate is completely dissolved in deionized water. Put the stainless steel container of the solidified liquid in hot water with a temperature of about 90 °C to keep warm;
2)填装熔断器陶瓷管2) Fill the fuse ceramic tube
2.1)采用去离子水将熔断器用的60～80目石英砂进行清洗，之后将石英 砂烘干；采用缩合磷酸铝分析纯作为固化增强剂，将缩合磷酸铝粉末混合到 烘干后的石英砂中并搅拌均匀，获得砂体；缩合磷酸铝粉末与石英砂的质量 比为0.72g:115g；2.1) Use deionized water to clean the 60-80 mesh quartz sand used for the fuse, and then dry the quartz sand; use analytically pure condensed aluminum phosphate as a curing enhancer, mix the condensed aluminum phosphate powder into the dried quartz sand and stir evenly to obtain sand body; the mass ratio of condensed aluminum phosphate powder and quartz sand is 0.72g:115g;
2.2)熔断器陶瓷管为两端开圆孔的空芯圆管结构，两端的开口直径等 于8mm，用橡皮塞将熔断器陶瓷管一端的圆孔封住；将熔断器陶瓷管竖直放立， 橡皮塞封口的一端朝底部，开口的一端朝上；将步骤2.1)混合后的缩合磷酸 铝与石英砂混合物填装到熔断器陶瓷管内，并将熔断器陶瓷管内部空间填满 并摇匀，每只熔断器陶瓷管内填砂重量31g左右，一共装填3只熔断器陶瓷管；2.2) The fuse ceramic tube is a hollow-core circular tube structure with round holes at both ends. The diameter of the opening at both ends is equal to 8mm, and the round hole at one end of the fuse ceramic tube is sealed with a rubber plug; the fuse ceramic tube is placed vertically. , with the sealed end of the rubber plug facing the bottom and the open end facing upward; fill the mixture of condensed aluminum phosphate and quartz sand mixed in step 2.1) into the fuse ceramic tube, and fill the inner space of the fuse ceramic tube and shake well , the weight of sand filling in each fuse ceramic tube is about 31g, and a total of 3 fuse ceramic tubes are filled;
3)固化剂滴灌；3) Curing agent drip irrigation;
3.1)将3只完成填砂的熔断器陶瓷管竖直放置于烘箱中，且开口的一端 均朝上，橡皮塞封口的一端均朝下；烘箱温度85℃，3只熔断器陶瓷管及内 部填充的砂体在烘箱中保温0.8h；3.1) Place the three fuse ceramic tubes with sand-filling upright in the oven, with the open end facing up and the rubber plug sealing end facing down; the oven temperature is 85°C, the three fuse ceramic tubes and the inner The filled sand body is kept in an oven for 0.8h;
3.2)从烘箱中取出1只待滴灌的熔断器陶瓷管，竖直放置于常温常压环 境中；3.2) Take out 1 fuse ceramic tube to be drip irrigation from the oven, and place it vertically in normal temperature and normal pressure environment;
3.3)采用洁净注射器从步骤1)保温的不锈钢容器中迅速定量抽取保温 的固化液，固化液与熔断器陶瓷管内填装石英砂的质量之比为6.51g:31g， 按此比例确定注射器抽取液面的刻度为6.51mL；从熔断器陶瓷管上端开口处， 快速将注射器中的固化液全部滴灌注入熔断器陶瓷管内砂体中，整个滴灌过 程持续2min左右；3.3) Use a clean syringe to rapidly and quantitatively extract the thermally insulated solidified liquid from the stainless steel container of step 1). The ratio of the solidified liquid to the mass of the quartz sand filled in the fuse ceramic tube is 6.51g:31g, and the syringe extraction liquid is determined according to this ratio. The scale on the surface of the fuse is 6.51mL; from the opening at the upper end of the fuse ceramic tube, quickly pour all the solidified liquid in the syringe into the sand body of the fuse ceramic tube, and the whole drip irrigation process lasts about 2 minutes;
3.4)按3.2)、3.3)所述流程完成其余2只熔断器陶瓷管填充砂体的固 化剂滴灌；3.4) Complete the curing agent drip irrigation of the remaining 2 fuse ceramic tubes to fill the sand body according to the procedures described in 3.2) and 3.3);
4)加热烘烤脱水固化；4) Heating, baking, dehydration and curing;
4.1)固化剂滴灌完成后，将3只熔断器陶瓷管底部封口的橡胶塞拔掉并 保持熔断器陶瓷管底部开口状态，将3只熔断器陶瓷管及砂柱成水平姿态迅 速放进40℃的脱水烘箱内，熔断器陶瓷管两端的圆孔开孔直径为8mm，熔断 器陶瓷管两端的圆孔作为砂柱内水分蒸发后的排出通道；烘烤过程中，脱水 烘箱内部空气循环流动，并通过排湿口持续向烘箱外部排湿；4.1) After the drip irrigation of the curing agent is completed, remove the rubber plugs sealed at the bottom of the three fuse ceramic tubes and keep the bottom of the fuse ceramic tubes open, and quickly put the three fuse ceramic tubes and the sand column into a horizontal position at 40°C. In the dehydration oven, the diameter of the round holes at both ends of the fuse ceramic tube is 8mm, and the round holes at both ends of the fuse ceramic tube serve as the discharge channel for the evaporation of water in the sand column; during the baking process, the air inside the dehydration oven circulates, And continuously dehumidify to the outside of the oven through the dehumidification port;
4.2)脱水烘箱内起始平均温度为40℃，按0.83℃/h的线性升温速率 持续升温，每隔4h左右打开脱水烘箱箱门，并迅速将水平放置的每只熔断器 陶瓷管及填充砂体沿熔断器陶瓷管轴向旋转180°后关闭箱门；持续烘烤24h 后脱水烘箱内平均温度升高到60℃左右，在这24h内每只熔断器陶瓷管的烘 干姿态一共调整6次；4.2) The initial average temperature in the dehydration oven is 40°C, and the temperature continues to rise at a linear heating rate of 0.83°C/h. The door of the dehydration oven is opened every 4 hours or so, and each fuse ceramic tube placed horizontally and filled with sand are quickly placed. The body rotates 180° in the axial direction of the fuse ceramic tube, and then closes the box door; after continuous baking for 24 hours, the average temperature in the dehydration oven rises to about 60 °C. During this 24 hours, the drying posture of each fuse ceramic tube is adjusted for a total of 6 Second-rate;
4.3)脱水烘箱内平均温度达到60℃后，再按0.83℃/h的线性升温速 率持续升温48h并达到100℃左右，本过程不再调整熔断器陶瓷管及填充砂 体的姿态；4.3) After the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 60°C, continue to heat up at a linear heating rate of 0.83°C/h for 48 hours and reach about 100°C. In this process, the fuse ceramic tube and the posture of the filled sand body are no longer adjusted;
4.4)脱水烘箱内平均温度达到100℃后，再按3℃/h的线性升温速率 持续升温10h并达到130℃；4.4) After the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 100°C, continue to heat up at a linear heating rate of 3°C/h for 10h and reach 130°C;
4.5)脱水烘箱内平均温度达到130℃后，不再继续升温，保温4h后， 脱水烘箱断电停止工作；熔断器陶瓷管及填充砂体自然冷却后取出，获得无 裂纹熔断器灭弧石英砂柱，并装入洁净的塑料封装袋；塑料封装袋抽气后通 过封口机塑封封口。4.5) After the average temperature in the dehydration oven reaches 130°C, the temperature will not continue to rise. After 4 hours of heat preservation, the dehydration oven will be powered off and stop working; the fuse ceramic tube and the filled sand body will be naturally cooled and taken out to obtain a crack-free fuse arc-extinguishing quartz sand. Column, and put into a clean plastic packaging bag; after the plastic packaging bag is evacuated, it is plastic-sealed and sealed by a sealing machine.
采用工业X光成像的方法，对按本实施例方法完成固化和脱水的3只熔断 器灭弧石英砂柱进行拍照和二维成像，成像分辨率优于50μm，不同角度的X 光照片均显示3只熔断器灭弧石英砂柱致密均匀、并无可分辨裂纹及孔洞缺 陷；采用工业CT扫描三维成像的方法，对按本实施例方法完成固化和脱水的 3只熔断器灭弧石英砂柱进行拍照和三维成像，成像分辨率优于20μm，不同 角度的截面照片均显示3只熔断器灭弧石英砂柱致密均匀、并无可分辨裂纹 及孔洞缺陷。测试结果证明：对固化成型的砂柱进行X光检测、工业CT扫描三维成像检测的结果均表明，本实施例技术方法制备的石英砂柱致密均匀， 无裂纹、无孔洞等缺陷，解决了快速熔断器灭弧石英砂柱固化过程中出现砂 柱裂纹的难题。Using the method of industrial X-ray imaging, photographing and two-dimensional imaging of three fuse arc-quenching quartz sand columns that have been cured and dehydrated according to the method of this embodiment, the imaging resolution is better than 50 μm, and X-ray photos at different angles show The three fuse arc-quenching quartz sand columns are dense and uniform, and have no distinguishable cracks and hole defects; the three-dimensional fuse arc-quenching quartz sand columns that have been solidified and dehydrated according to the method of this embodiment are analyzed by using the method of industrial CT scanning three-dimensional imaging. Taking pictures and three-dimensional imaging, the imaging resolution is better than 20μm, and the cross-sectional photos at different angles show that the three fuse arc-quenching quartz sand columns are dense and uniform, and there are no distinguishable cracks and hole defects. The test results prove that the results of X-ray inspection and industrial CT scanning three-dimensional imaging inspection of the solidified sand column all show that the quartz sand column prepared by the technical method of this embodiment is dense and uniform, without cracks, holes and other defects, and solves the problem of rapid The problem of sand column cracks during the curing process of the fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand column.
因此，本发明快速熔断器灭弧砂柱抗裂纹固化方法，对于消除熔断器灭 弧石英砂柱裂纹、提升熔断器快速分断能力和载流寿命具有非常重要意义， 值得深入研究和推广。Therefore, the anti-crack curing method of the quick fuse arc extinguishing sand column of the present invention is of great significance for eliminating the crack of the fuse arc extinguishing quartz sand column and improving the rapid breaking capacity and current carrying life of the fuse, and is worthy of in-depth research and promotion.
以上仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行了描述，并不将本发明的技术方案 限制于此，本领域技术人员在本发明主要技术构思的基础上所作的任何公知变 形都属于本发明所要保护的技术范畴。The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and does not limit the technical solutions of the present invention to this. Any known deformations made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the main technical concept of the present invention belong to the protection of the present invention. technical category.
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