CN111383846A - Preparation method of acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/self-supporting carbon nanofiber composite material - Google Patents

Preparation method of acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/self-supporting carbon nanofiber composite material Download PDF

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CN111383846A
CN111383846A CN202010105514.9A CN202010105514A CN111383846A CN 111383846 A CN111383846 A CN 111383846A CN 202010105514 A CN202010105514 A CN 202010105514A CN 111383846 A CN111383846 A CN 111383846A
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carbon
acid
metal oxide
coated metal
carbon nanofiber
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CN111383846B (en
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刘建允
史威
张赫轩
朱国栋
聂鹏飞
胡彬
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Donghua University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/46—Metal oxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H01G11/36—Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of an acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite material, which comprises the steps of dissolving a metal-containing compound, a high-molecular polymer and cyclodextrin in an organic solvent, spinning the polymer solution into nanofiber precursor through an electrostatic spinning technology, and obtaining the acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite material after preoxidation carbonization and acid pickling. The composite material maintains stable chemical activity in a strong acidic solution. The product prepared by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation method, low cost and good stability, the carbon nano-fiber used as the carrier increases the conductivity, the metal oxide particles are uniformly distributed and coated by the carbon layer, the product can be used as an active electrode material of a pseudocapacitor, has high electrochemical activity and high stability under the acidic condition, and can be applied to the fields of energy storage, catalysis and the like.

Description

Preparation method of acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/self-supporting carbon nanofiber composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of an acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite material, and the material prepared by the invention can be used for energy storage and catalysis of a metal oxide pseudocapacitor in an acid electrolyte.
Background
The metal oxide electrode material is a new electrode material, and has high specific capacitance, high electrochemical characteristics and the like. A commonly used metal oxide is Fe3O4、RuO2、MnO2、Co3O4、NiO、V2O5、SnO2And Bi2O3And the like.
However, the utilization rate and conductivity of metal oxides are low, limiting their use. Many researchers have used various methods, such as doping and compounding on carbon materials, such as graphite carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers, to improve the performance thereof, by which not only the conductivity and charge transfer rate of the electrode material can be increased, but also the specific surface area of the electrode material can be increased. However, it is difficult to improve the utilization rate of the material by the common doping method, and the conventional composite method is too complex in preparation method and difficult to produce in large scale. Moreover, most transition metal oxide electrodes cannot be used in an acidic environment, which limits their widespread use. Therefore, a metal oxide material which has a simple preparation method, high utilization rate of metal oxide, good electrode conductivity and can be recycled under an acidic condition is highly needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for preparing an acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite, comprising the steps of: (1) dissolving a metal compound, a high molecular polymer and cyclodextrin in an organic solvent to form a polymer solution, and spinning the polymer solution into nanofiber precursor through electrostatic spinning; (2) pre-oxidizing and carbonizing the nanofiber precursor at high temperature to obtain the carbon nanofiber containing the metal oxide; (3) and (3) soaking the carbon nanofiber containing the metal oxide in an acid solution, then washing for a plurality of times and drying to obtain the acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite material.
Preferably, the metal compound in (1) includes any one or more of organic and inorganic metal compounds such as iron acetylacetonate, cobalt acetylacetonate, nickel acetylacetonate, manganese acetylacetonate, copper acetylacetonate, zinc acetylacetonate, magnesium acetate, iron acetate, cobalt acetate, nickel acetate, copper acetate, manganese acetate, zinc acetate, magnesium citrate, iron citrate, cobalt citrate, nickel citrate, copper citrate, manganese citrate, zinc citrate, iron chloride, cobalt chloride, nickel chloride, iron nitrate, copper nitrate, cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate, iron sulfate, cobalt sulfate, nickel sulfate, and the like.
Preferably, the cyclodextrin in (1) comprises any one or more of α -cyclodextrin, β -cyclodextrin and gamma-cyclodextrin.
Preferably, the high molecular polymer in (1) includes, but is not limited to, any one or more of polyethylene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyimide, polybenzothiazole, phenolic resin, polyacrylonitrile and other high molecular polymers.
Preferably, the organic solvent in (1) includes, but is not limited to, any one or more of N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylacetamide, toluene, N-methylpyrrolidone, trichloromethane, and dichloromethane.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the high molecular polymer in the (1) is 0.01-1g/mL, the mass concentration of the metal compound is 0.01-1g/mL, and the mass concentration of the cyclodextrin is 0.01-1 g/mL.
Preferably, the electrostatic spinning process parameters in (1) are as follows: the voltage is 5-30kV, and the distance between the needle head and the receiving plate is 1-30 cm.
Preferably, the pre-oxidation process in (2) is as follows: raising the temperature from room temperature to 250-280 ℃ at the speed of 0.5-2 ℃/min in air and keeping the temperature for 1-2 h; the carbonization process comprises the following steps: in argon, nitrogen or hydrogen, the temperature is raised from room temperature to 500 ℃ at the rate of 2-5 ℃/min and kept for 1-2h, and then raised to 1000 ℃ at the rate of 2-7 ℃/min and kept for 0-6 h.
Preferably, the acidic solution in (3) comprises one or more of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid and the like, and the soaking time is 0-336 h.
The invention also provides the acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite material prepared by the method.
The invention also provides application of the acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite material in capacitor energy storage and catalysis.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite material is prepared by adsorbing a metal compound by using the inner cavity of cyclodextrin, converting the metal compound into the metal oxide at high temperature, forming a carbon layer by using the cyclodextrin, uniformly coating the carbon layer on the surface of the metal oxide, dissolving the uncoated metal compound in an acid washing process to form a hole, and improving the specific surface area of the carbon nanofiber, wherein the preparation method is simple.
(2) The carbon shell layer outside the metal oxide has good conductivity and protection effect, thereby greatly improving the electron transmission performance of the metal oxide, increasing the electrochemical activity and specific capacitance characteristic of the metal oxide, greatly improving the acid resistance stability of the composite material, and being capable of being used under acidic conditions.
(3) The carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is good in conductivity and flexibility, does not need a binder or a conductive agent, and can be directly used as a self-supporting electrode material. The internal resistance of the electrode is small, and when the electrode is used as a capacitor, the internal resistance of the electrode can be greatly reduced.
(4) The capacitor assembled by the carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber self-supporting electrode prepared by the invention has high energy storage capacity and high stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of a carbon-coated iron oxide/carbon nanofiber as in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image of a carbon-coated iron oxide/carbon nanofiber in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the carbon-coated iron oxide/carbon nanofiber self-supporting electrode at 1mol/LH in example 4 of the present invention2SO4Cyclic voltammograms of (1);
FIG. 4 shows the carbon-coated iron oxide/carbon nanofiber self-supporting electrode at 1mol/LH in example 4 of the present invention2SO4Graph of discharge capacity variation in the middle 15000 charge-discharge cycles.
FIG. 5 shows that the symmetrical capacitor assembled by carbon-coated iron oxide/carbon nanofibers in example 5 of the present invention is at 1mol/L H2SO4A medium constant current charge-discharge curve;
FIG. 6 is a cyclic voltammogram of the carbon-coated iron oxide/carbon nanofiber self-supporting electrode in 0.1mol/L KOH saturated with oxygen and argon (Ar) in example 6 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The polyacrylonitrile used can be from Sigma-Aldrich, and the rest of acetylacetone iron, β -cyclodextrin, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, N-dimethylformamide, etc. are provided by the national pharmaceutical group chemical reagent, Inc.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a carbon-coated iron oxide/carbon nanofiber material, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) weighing 0.8g of β -cyclodextrin (β -CD), 0.6g of iron acetylacetonate and 1g of polyacrylonitrile (PAN, MW 150000), adding the weighed materials into l0mL N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), stirring in a constant-temperature water bath until the materials are completely dissolved to prepare a spinning precursor solution, placing the spinning precursor solution in an l0mL needle tube, and carrying out electrostatic spinning in a 15kV electrostatic field, wherein the distance between a receiving plate and a needle head is 15cm, so as to obtain a nanofiber membrane;
(2) placing the nanofiber membrane obtained by electrostatic spinning in a muffle furnace, raising the temperature to 260 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/min in the air and staying for lh to finish a pre-oxidation process, then placing the nanofiber membrane subjected to pre-oxidation treatment in a tubular furnace for high-temperature carbonization in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the high-temperature carbonization process comprises the steps of raising the temperature to 400 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃/min and keeping for 1h, raising the temperature to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min and staying for 90min, and cooling to obtain metal oxide/carbon nanofibers;
(3) and (3) soaking the metal oxide/carbon nanofiber in 1mol/L hydrochloric acid for 120h, washing with water and drying to obtain the carbon-coated iron oxide/carbon nanofiber (Fe @ C-CNF). The surface appearance of the material is observed by adopting a scanning electron microscope, an electron microscope photo is shown in figure 1, the nano-fiber keeps large length-diameter ratio, the surface presents obvious iron oxide particles, and the fiber has better flexibility.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a carbon-coated iron oxide/carbon nanofiber material, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) weighing 1g of gamma-cyclodextrin (β -CD), 0.8g of ferric acetylacetonate and 1g of polyacrylonitrile (PAN, MW 150000), adding the mixture into l0mL N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), stirring in a constant-temperature water bath until the mixture is completely dissolved to prepare a spinning precursor solution, placing the spinning precursor solution in an l0mL needle tube, and carrying out electrostatic spinning in a 15kV electrostatic field, wherein the distance between a receiving plate and a needle head is 15cm, so as to obtain a nanofiber membrane;
(2) placing the nanofiber membrane obtained by electrostatic spinning in a muffle furnace, heating to 260 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/min in the air, and staying for 1h to finish the pre-oxidation process; then, under the nitrogen atmosphere, placing the nano fiber membrane subjected to pre-oxidation treatment in a tube furnace for high-temperature carbonization, wherein the high-temperature carbonization process comprises the steps of firstly raising the temperature to 450 ℃ at the rate of 3 ℃/min and keeping the temperature for 1h, then raising the temperature to 900 ℃ at the rate of 4 ℃/min and staying for 90min, and cooling to obtain the iron oxide/carbon nano fiber;
(3) and (3) soaking the iron oxide/carbon nanofiber in 1mol/L hydrochloric acid for 60h, and washing and drying to obtain the carbon-coated iron oxide/carbon nanofiber (Fe @ C-CNF). The microstructure of the material is observed by a transmission electron microscope, the electron microscope photo is shown in figure 2, compact and uniform iron oxide particles are distributed on the carbon nano-fiber, and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope shows that the particles are protected by an external carbon shell layer, so that the acid tolerance is greatly improved.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a carbon-coated iron oxide/carbon nanofiber material, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) weighing 0.8g of β -cyclodextrin (β -CD), 0.8g of cobalt acetate and 1g of polyacrylonitrile (PAN, MW 150000), adding the weighed materials into l0mL N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), stirring in a constant-temperature water bath until the materials are completely dissolved to prepare a spinning precursor solution, placing the spinning precursor solution into an l0mL needle tube, and carrying out electrostatic spinning in a 12.5kV electrostatic field, wherein the distance between a receiving plate and a needle is 10cm, so as to obtain a nanofiber membrane;
(2) placing the nanofiber membrane obtained by electrostatic spinning in a muffle furnace, heating to 270 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/min in the air, and staying for lh to finish the pre-oxidation process; then, under the nitrogen atmosphere, placing the nano fiber membrane subjected to pre-oxidation treatment in a tubular furnace for high-temperature carbonization, wherein the high-temperature carbonization process comprises the steps of firstly heating to 400 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min and keeping for 1.5h, then heating to 800 ℃ at the heating speed of 5 ℃/min and staying for 2h, and cooling to obtain nickel oxide/carbon nano fibers;
(3) soaking the nickel oxide/carbon nanofiber in 2mol/L nitric acid for 80h, washing with water and drying to obtain the carbon-coated nickel oxide/carbon nanofiber composite material (Ni @ C-CNF).
Example 4
The Fe @ C-CNF electrode described in example 1 was used as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode, and a platinum sheet as a counter electrode to form a three-electrode system at 1mol/L H2SO4And performing cyclic voltammetry test in the solution, wherein the voltage interval is 0-1V. In FIG. 3 isCorresponding cyclic voltammograms at different sweeping speeds. The obvious redox peak around 0.4V represents the redox reaction of iron oxide. The calculated specific capacity was 240F/g at 1mV/s, and as the sweep rate increased, there was no significant drop in specific capacity, indicating a rapid ion diffusion and charge transport process.
Hg/Hg with the Fe @ C-CNF electrode described in example 1 as the working electrode2SO4The electrode is a reference electrode, the platinum sheet is a counter electrode to form a three-electrode system at 1mol/L H2SO416000 constant current charge and discharge tests are carried out in the solution, the voltage interval is 0-1V, and the charge and discharge current density is 1A/g. In fig. 4, it can be seen that not only there was no decrease in capacity over 16000 cycles, but the discharge capacity increased by l 8% due to activation of the active sites, indicating excellent stability of the material under acidic conditions.
Example 5
The embodiment provides an energy storage application of the Fe @ C-CNF electrode in a super capacitor, and the specific steps are as follows:
the Fe @ C-CNF prepared in the example 1 is taken as a self-supporting electrode, a titanium mesh is taken as a current collector, a symmetrical capacitor is assembled, and 1mol/L H is used2SO4The solution is an electrolyte solution, constant-current charge and discharge experiments are carried out within a voltage range of 0-1.2V and with the charge and discharge current density of 0.1-2A/g, and the energy storage performance of the capacitor is tested.
As shown in FIG. 5, the discharge capacity of 248F/g is obtained at a current density of 0.1A/g, and the performance of the metal oxide symmetrical super capacitor exceeds that of a large number.
Example 6
The Fe @ C-CNF electrode described in example 1 is used as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode, a platinum sheet is used as a counter electrode to form a three-electrode system, and cyclic voltammetry tests are respectively carried out in 0.1mol/L KOH solution saturated by oxygen and argon, wherein the voltage interval is-0.2-0.8V, and the sweep rate is 10 mV/s. In fig. 6, the peak position of oxygen reduction is at 0.795V, which means that the electrode has better oxygen reduction activity.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) dissolving a metal compound, a high molecular polymer and cyclodextrin in an organic solvent to form a polymer solution, and spinning the polymer solution into nanofiber precursor through electrostatic spinning; (2) pre-oxidizing and carbonizing the nanofiber precursor at high temperature to obtain the carbon nanofiber containing the metal oxide; (3) and (3) soaking the carbon nanofiber containing the metal oxide in an acid solution, then washing for a plurality of times and drying to obtain the acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal compound in (1) is any one or more of iron acetylacetonate, cobalt acetylacetonate, nickel acetylacetonate, manganese acetylacetonate, copper acetylacetonate, zinc acetylacetonate, magnesium acetate, iron acetate, cobalt acetate, nickel acetate, copper acetate, manganese acetate, zinc acetate, magnesium citrate, iron citrate, cobalt citrate, nickel citrate, copper citrate, manganese citrate, zinc citrate, iron chloride, cobalt chloride, nickel chloride, iron nitrate, copper nitrate, cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate, iron sulfate, cobalt sulfate, and nickel sulfate.
3. The method for preparing an acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite according to claim 1, wherein the cyclodextrin in (1) is any one or more of α -cyclodextrin, β -cyclodextrin and γ -cyclodextrin.
4. The method for preparing an acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite according to claim 1, wherein the high molecular polymer in (1) is one or more of polyethylene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyimide, polybenzothiazole, phenol resin and polyacrylonitrile.
5. The method for preparing an acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent in (1) is one or more selected from the group consisting of N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylacetamide, toluene, N-methylpyrrolidone, trichloromethane, and dichloromethane.
6. The method of preparing an acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the high molecular polymer in (1) is 0.01 to 1g/mL, the mass concentration of the metal compound is 0.01 to 1g/mL, and the mass concentration of the cyclodextrin is 0.01 to 1 g/mL; the electrostatic spinning process parameters in the step (1) are as follows: the voltage is 5-30kV, and the distance between the needle head and the receiving plate is 1-30 cm.
7. The method for preparing an acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite according to claim 1, wherein the pre-oxidation process in (2) is: raising the temperature from room temperature to 250-280 ℃ at the rate of 30-120 ℃/h in air and keeping the temperature for 1-2 h; the carbonization process comprises the following steps: in argon, nitrogen or hydrogen, the temperature is raised from room temperature to 300-500 ℃ at the rate of 120-420 ℃/h and is kept for 1-2h, and then is raised to 700-1000 ℃ at the rate of 120-420 ℃/h and is kept for 0-6 h.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the acid-resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite is prepared by using one or more of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and acetic acid as the acid solution in (3), and the soaking time is 0-336 h.
9. An acid resistant carbon-coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite prepared by the process of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The use of the acid resistant carbon coated metal oxide/carbon nanofiber composite of claim 9 in capacitor energy storage and catalysis.
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CN112023714A (en) * 2020-07-21 2020-12-04 东华大学 Functional carbon fiber membrane capable of adsorbing and degrading micro-plastic and preparation method thereof
CN115105967A (en) * 2021-03-17 2022-09-27 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Acid-resistant alkali-resistant nanofiltration membrane and preparation method and application thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112023714A (en) * 2020-07-21 2020-12-04 东华大学 Functional carbon fiber membrane capable of adsorbing and degrading micro-plastic and preparation method thereof
CN112023714B (en) * 2020-07-21 2021-06-18 东华大学 Functional carbon fiber membrane capable of adsorbing and degrading micro-plastic and preparation method thereof
CN115105967A (en) * 2021-03-17 2022-09-27 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Acid-resistant alkali-resistant nanofiltration membrane and preparation method and application thereof
CN115105967B (en) * 2021-03-17 2024-05-07 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Acid-resistant alkali-resistant nanofiltration membrane and preparation method and application thereof

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