CN111378812A - Heat treatment method for improving proportion of metal zigzag grain boundaries and heat treatment system used by heat treatment method - Google Patents
Heat treatment method for improving proportion of metal zigzag grain boundaries and heat treatment system used by heat treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/04—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
- C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
- C21D9/573—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with cooling
- C21D9/5732—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with cooling of wires; of rods
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
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- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials, and particularly relates to a heat treatment method for improving the proportion of a metal zigzag grain boundary and a heat treatment system used by the heat treatment method. The heat treatment method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: carrying out magnetic field heat treatment on the metal workpiece, and then quenching and cooling to finish the heat treatment; the metal workpiece comprises a pure metal workpiece or an alloy workpiece, and when the metal workpiece is a pure metal workpiece, the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is 70-80% of the melting point of the pure metal; when the metal workpiece is an alloy workpiece, the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is higher than the solidus temperature of the alloy and lower than the liquidus temperature of the alloy; the time of the magnetic field heat treatment is 0.5-10 h, and the magnetic field intensity is 0.5-12T. According to the invention, the metal workpiece is heated to be in a semi-solid state, the temperature is kept in a magnetic field for 0.5-10 h to change the microstructure of the crystal boundary of the metal workpiece, the proportion of the sawtooth-shaped crystal boundary is increased, and the creep resistance and the corrosion resistance of the metal workpiece are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of metal workpieces, and particularly relates to a heat treatment method for improving the proportion of a metal zigzag grain boundary and a heat treatment system used by the heat treatment method.
Background
With the continuous development of science and technology, pure metals or alloys are widely used, and in order to adapt to special operating environments such as high temperature and the like, the grain boundary strength of the pure metals or alloys needs to be improved, cracks and holes on the grain boundary are prevented from forming and growing up, and the tendency of along-grain fracture is reduced. The zigzag grain boundary can reduce the moving rate and the crack propagation rate of the grain boundary at high temperature, and improve the resistance to high-temperature creep rupture and fatigue crack propagation and the corrosion resistance. At present, a zigzag grain boundary is mainly obtained by slow cooling after solution treatment, but the solution treatment needs very high temperature (1000 ℃), and a coarse gamma' phase is easily formed in the high-temperature solution treatment process, so that the mechanical property of metal or alloy is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a heat treatment method for increasing the proportion of the metal zigzag grain boundary, and the heat treatment method provided by the present invention has mild conditions and can effectively increase the proportion of the microscopic zigzag grain boundary.
The invention provides a heat treatment method for improving the proportion of a metal zigzag grain boundary, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out magnetic field heat treatment on the metal workpiece, and then quenching and cooling to finish the heat treatment;
the metal workpiece comprises a pure metal workpiece or an alloy workpiece, and when the metal workpiece is a pure metal workpiece, the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is 70-80% of the melting point of the pure metal; when the metal workpiece is an alloy workpiece, the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is higher than the solidus temperature of the alloy and lower than the liquidus temperature of the alloy;
the time of the magnetic field heat treatment is 0.5-10 h;
the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field heat treatment is 0.5-12T.
Preferably, the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field heat treatment is 5-10T.
Preferably, the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is obtained by raising the temperature at room temperature, and the raising rate of the temperature is 0.15-0.19 ℃/s.
Preferably, the quenching cooling medium comprises water, kerosene or a Ga-In-Sn eutectic alloy solution; the mass ratio of Ga, In and Sn In the Ga-In-Sn eutectic alloy solution is 0.625:0.215:0.16 or 0.66:0.205: 0.135.
Preferably, the cooling rate of the quenching cooling is 140-160 ℃/s.
Preferably, the alloy workpiece comprises an Al-Cu alloy; the metal workpiece comprises a pure Al metal workpiece, a pure Cu metal workpiece, a pure Ni metal workpiece or a pure Fe metal workpiece.
The invention also provides a heat treatment system used in the heat treatment method of the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
the device comprises a magnetic field generating device 1, a heating device 2, a quenching cooling device 6, a drawing rod 5, a high-temperature resistant vessel 4, a motor 7 and a screw rod 8;
the magnetic field generating device 1 is a hollow cylinder structure which is vertically arranged, and the heating device 2 is positioned in the magnetic field generating device 1;
the quenching cooling device 6 is positioned below the heating device 2, and an opening is formed in the upper part of the quenching cooling device 6 and used for placing a metal workpiece into the quenching cooling device 6;
the drawing rod 5 penetrates through the center of the bottom of the quenching cooling device 6, a high-temperature-resistant vessel 4 is arranged at the top of the drawing rod 5, and the drawing rod 5 is connected with a motor 7 through a screw rod 8;
the upper and lower positions of the high-temperature resistant vessel 4 can be adjusted by adjusting the drawing rod 5.
Preferably, the heating device 2 has a cylindrical structure concentric with the magnetic field generating device 1.
Preferably, the quenching cooling device is embedded in the magnetic field generating device 1, and the top part of the quenching cooling device 6 is not opened and is connected with the lower end of the heating device 2 in a contact way.
Preferably, a cooling pipe 9 is arranged outside the quenching cooling device 6.
The invention provides a heat treatment method for improving the proportion of a metal zigzag grain boundary, which comprises the following steps: carrying out magnetic field heat treatment on the metal workpiece, and then quenching and cooling; the metal workpiece comprises a pure metal workpiece or an alloy workpiece, and when the metal workpiece is a pure metal workpiece, the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is 70-80% of the melting point of the pure metal; when the metal workpiece is an alloy workpiece, the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is higher than the solidus temperature of the alloy and lower than the liquidus temperature of the alloy; the time of the magnetic field heat treatment is 0.5-10 h; the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field heat treatment is 0.5-12T. The heat treatment method provided by the invention has mild conditions, the metal workpiece is subjected to magnetic field heat treatment, the metal workpiece is in a semisolid state at the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment, and the heat preservation is carried out in a magnetic field with the magnetic field intensity of 0.5-12T for 0.5-10 h to change the microscopic appearance of the crystal boundary of the metal workpiece, so that the microscopic zigzag crystal boundary proportion can be increased, and the creep resistance and the corrosion resistance of the alloy are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for increasing the proportion of zigzag grain boundaries in a metal workpiece;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of a heat treatment method using an alloy workpiece as a treatment sample;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a heat treatment system for the heat treatment method of the present invention, in which 1-a magnetic field generating device, 2-a heating device, 3-a metal workpiece, 4-a high temperature resistant vessel, 5-a drawing rod, 6-a quenching cooling device, 7-a motor, 8-a screw rod, and 9-a cooling tube;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure diagram and an enlarged view of grain boundaries of the Al-Cu alloy; wherein a1 is a macroscopic structure picture of the Al-Cu alloy before heat treatment, b1 is a macroscopic structure picture of the Al-Cu alloy after heat treatment obtained in comparative example 1, b2 is a grain boundary magnification of the Al-Cu alloy after heat treatment obtained in comparative example 1, c1 is a macroscopic structure picture of the Al-Cu alloy after heat treatment obtained in example 1, and c2 is a grain boundary magnification of the Al-Cu alloy after heat treatment obtained in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a heat treatment method for improving the proportion of a metal zigzag grain boundary, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out magnetic field heat treatment on the metal workpiece, and then quenching and cooling to finish the heat treatment;
the metal workpiece comprises a pure metal workpiece or an alloy workpiece, and when the metal workpiece is a pure metal workpiece, the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is 70-80% of the melting point of the pure metal; when the metal workpiece is an alloy workpiece, the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is higher than the solidus temperature of the alloy and lower than the liquidus temperature of the alloy;
the time of the magnetic field heat treatment is 0.5-10 h;
the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field heat treatment is 0.5-12T.
The invention firstly carries out magnetic field heat treatment on the metal workpiece. In the invention, the metal workpiece comprises a pure metal workpiece or an alloy workpiece, and when the metal workpiece is a pure metal workpiece, the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is 70-80% of the melting point of the pure metal; when the metal workpiece is an alloy workpiece, the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is higher than the solidus temperature of the alloy and lower than the liquidus temperature of the alloy. In the present invention, the metal workpiece is in a semi-solid state at the magnetic field heat treatment temperature.
The invention has no special requirements on the shape of the metal workpiece, and can be in any shape, such as wire. In the present invention, the pure metal workpiece is preferably a pure Al metal workpiece, a pure Cu metal workpiece, a pure Ni metal workpiece, a pure Fe metal workpiece. In the present invention, the alloy workpiece is preferably an Al — Cu alloy. In the embodiment of the invention, the Al-Cu alloy wire is selected, the content of Cu in the Al-Cu alloy wire is 5.7% by mass, and the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment of the Al-Cu alloy wire is preferably 568 ℃.
In the invention, the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is increased from room temperature, and the temperature increasing rate of the temperature increase is preferably 0.15-0.19 ℃/s, and more preferably 0.17 ℃/s. In the invention, a magnetic field is not applied in the temperature rising process, and the magnetic field is applied when the temperature rises to obtain the magnetic field heat treatment temperature, and the temperature is preserved under the condition of the magnetic field.
In the invention, the time of the magnetic field heat treatment is 0.5-10 h, preferably 1-10 h, and more preferably 10 h; the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field heat treatment is 0.5-12T, and preferably 5-10T. The invention can obtain the uniformly distributed saw-tooth grain boundary under the action of the magnetic field, and can control the proportion and the appearance of the saw-tooth grain boundary by adjusting the strength of the magnetic field. In the invention, the crystal grains in the metal workpiece generate magnetic torque in a magnetic field, local strain is accumulated at a crystal boundary due to the torsion among the crystal grains, and the local strain further drives the crystal boundary to locally migrate, so that the proportion of the micron-scale zigzag crystal boundary of the metal is greatly improved. The action principle is shown in figure 1, wherein I in figure 1 represents randomly oriented crystal grains without applied external magnetic field and a schematic diagram of a grain boundary, wherein, crystal grains A, B, C, D, E, F and G represent six single and adjacent crystal grains; II represents a crystal grain and a crystal boundary schematic diagram after a magnetic field is applied, because the included angles between the directions of the easy magnetization axes of the single crystal grains A, B, C, D, E and G and the direction of an external magnetic field (perpendicular to the paper surface and outwards) are respectively theta A, theta B, theta C, theta D, theta E, theta F and theta G, under the action of the external magnetic field, the single crystal grains generate magnetic torques T (theta A), T (theta B), T (theta C), T (theta D), T (theta E), T (theta F) and T (theta G), and further local strain is accumulated at the crystal boundary between the crystal grains; III represents that local strain is accumulated among crystal grains to drive the migration of the crystal grain boundary, and finally the sawtooth-shaped crystal boundary is formed.
After the magnetic field heat treatment, the invention carries out quenching and cooling on the obtained heat treatment workpiece. In the present invention, the quenching cooling medium preferably includes water, kerosene or a Ga-In-Sn eutectic alloy solution, more preferably a Ga-In-Sn eutectic alloy solution; the mass ratio of Ga, In and Sn In the Ga-In-Sn eutectic alloy solution is preferably 0.625:0.215:0.16 or 0.66:0.205: 0.135; in the embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of Ga, In and Sn In the Ga-In-Sn eutectic alloy solution is 0.625:0.215: 0.16. In the invention, the temperature of the Ga-In-Sn eutectic alloy solution is preferably 18-22 ℃, and more preferably 20 ℃; the cooling rate of the quenching cooling is preferably 140-160 ℃/s, and more preferably 150 ℃/s.
The present invention performs a heat treatment on the alloy workpiece according to the process flow diagram of fig. 2, wherein a is a heat treatment step, and b is a heat treatment process of the alloy workpiece. As shown in a of fig. 2, an alloy workpiece is first prepared; and then heating the alloy workpiece to a certain temperature to enable the alloy workpiece to be in a semisolid state, applying a magnetic field, keeping the temperature for a certain time, and then quenching and cooling. A specific temperature change curve, as shown in b of fig. 2, the invention heats the alloy workpiece to the temperature of the magnetic field thermal field heat treatment, the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is higher than the solidus temperature of the alloy and lower than the liquidus temperature of the alloy; heating the alloy workpiece to the temperature of magnetic field heat treatment, applying a magnetic field and preserving heat for a certain time; and finally, quenching and cooling, and cooling the alloy workpiece subjected to the magnetic field heat treatment to room temperature according to a certain cooling rate.
When a pure metal workpiece is taken as a processing sample, the processing is carried out according to the process, and the difference is that the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is 70-80% of the melting point of the pure metal.
The invention also provides a heat treatment system used in the heat treatment method in the technical scheme, as shown in fig. 3, comprising:
the device comprises a magnetic field generating device 1, a heating device 2, a quenching cooling device 6, a drawing rod 5, a high-temperature resistant vessel 4, a motor 7 and a screw rod 8;
the magnetic field generating device 1 is a hollow cylinder structure which is vertically arranged, and the heating device 2 is positioned in the magnetic field generating device 1;
the quenching cooling device 6 is positioned below the heating device 2, and an opening is formed in the upper part of the quenching cooling device 6 and used for placing a metal workpiece into the quenching cooling device 6;
the drawing rod 5 penetrates through the center of the bottom of the quenching cooling device 6, a high-temperature-resistant vessel 4 is arranged at the top of the drawing rod 5, and the drawing rod 5 is connected with a motor 7 through a screw rod 8;
the upper and lower positions of the high-temperature resistant vessel 4 can be adjusted by adjusting the drawing rod 5.
In the present invention, the heat treatment system can implement the heat treatment method described in the above technical solution, specifically: putting a metal workpiece into a high-temperature-resistant vessel 4, adjusting the high-temperature-resistant vessel 4 on a drawing rod 5 to the central positions of a magnetic field generating device 1 and a heating device 2 through a motor 7, heating the metal workpiece to the temperature of magnetic field heat treatment, then starting the magnetic field generating device 1, applying a magnetic field to carry out the magnetic field heat treatment, and after the magnetic field heat treatment is completed, immersing the high-temperature-resistant vessel 4 into a cooling medium in a quenching cooling device 6 by using the motor 7 at a certain drawing speed to carry out quenching cooling.
In the present invention, the heating device 2 preferably has a cylindrical structure concentric with the magnetic field generating device 1, so as to facilitate the center of the magnetic field generating device 1 to coincide with the center of the heating device 2, and to enable the metal workpiece to be positioned at the centers of the magnetic field generating device 1 and the heating device 2 for magnetic field heat treatment, thereby ensuring the stability of the magnetic field heat treatment.
In the invention, the high-temperature resistant vessel 4 is fixed at the top of the drawing rod 5, the C-2 high-temperature glue is preferably adopted for bonding, the drawing rod 5 is connected with the motor 7 through the screw rod 8, the position of the drawing rod is conveniently controlled through the motor, the high-temperature resistant vessel is ensured to be positioned at the central positions of the magnetic field generating device 1 and the heating device 2, meanwhile, the drawing speed of the drawing rod can be controlled through the motor, and the cooling rate of the metal workpiece after magnetic field heat treatment is ensured. In the present invention, the high temperature resistant vessel 4 is preferably made of alumina; the shape and the size of the high-temperature resistant vessel 4 are not specially limited, and the vessel can be placed in a heating device and a quenching cooling device and can contain workpieces to be treated; in the embodiment of the invention, the high-temperature resistant vessel 4 is in a cylindrical cup shape, the diameter is 10mm, the height is 10mm, and the wall thickness is 2 mm.
In the invention, the heating device 2 is preferably in contact connection with the quenching cooling device 6, the bottom of the heating device 2 is preferably in contact connection with the part, which is not opened, of the top of the quenching cooling device 6, and the heating device 2 is preferably superposed with the center line of the quenching cooling device 6 to form a heating and cooling integrated structure, so that quenching cooling can be conveniently carried out immediately after the magnetic field heat treatment is finished; the size of the opening of the quenching cooling device 6 is preferably not smaller than that of the high-temperature-resistant vessel 4, so that the high-temperature-resistant vessel can enter the quenching cooling device 6 through the opening for quenching and cooling; the quenching cooling device 6 is preferably provided with a cooling pipe 9 outside, and cooling water is preferably passed through the cooling pipe 9, and the cooling water can avoid the temperature rise of the cooling medium.
In the invention, the magnetic field generating device 1 comprises a magnet which is positioned in the cylindrical structure, the invention has no special requirement on the type of the magnet as long as the magnetic field with the magnetic field intensity of 0.5-12T can be provided, and the magnetic field generating device can be specifically a superconducting magnet, a permanent magnet or a mixed magnet. The type of the heating body in the heating device 2 is not particularly required, as long as the magnetic field heat treatment temperature can be reached, in the embodiment of the invention, a double-helix carbon silicon tube is adopted for heating, the double-helix carbon silicon tube is spirally wound in the heating device 2 in a helical structure, and the helical pitch of the helical structure is preferably 4.8-5.2 mm.
In the invention, the drawing speed of the drawing rod 5 under the control of the motor 7 is preferably 0.5-15000 mu m/s, and the temperature reduction rate of quenching cooling can be controlled by controlling the drawing speed.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following will describe in detail a heat treatment method for increasing the proportion of zigzag grain boundaries in metal and a heat treatment system used in the heat treatment method provided by the present invention with reference to examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An Al-Cu alloy wire with the diameter of 8.0mm is taken as a metal workpiece, and the Cu content in the Al-Cu alloy wire is 5.7% by mass. The heat treatment was carried out using the apparatus shown in FIG. 3, specifically: putting the Al-Cu alloy wire into a high-temperature-resistant vessel 4, and adjusting the high-temperature-resistant vessel to the central position of a magnetic field generating device by using a motor 7; starting a heating device, and heating an Al-Cu alloy wire (with the solidus temperature of 648 ℃ and the liquidus temperature of 548.2 ℃) to 568 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.17 ℃/s; synchronously starting a magnetic field generating device, and preserving heat for 10 hours in a magnetic field with the magnetic field intensity of 5T; and then the motor 7 is used for controlling the high-temperature-resistant vessel to descend into the Ga-In-Sn eutectic alloy solution (with the temperature of 20 ℃) In the quenching cooling device 6 to be cooled to the room temperature, and the cooling rate is controlled to be 150 ℃/s.
Example 2
The heat treatment was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that the magnetic field strength was 0.5T.
Example 3
The heat treatment was carried out in the same manner as in example 1, except that the holding time was 0.5 h.
Comparative example 1
The heat treatment was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that the magnetic field strength was 0T.
The Al-Cu alloy wire which is not subjected to heat treatment and the Al-Cu alloy obtained in the example 1 and the comparative example 1 after heat treatment are sequentially subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, resin inlaying, sand paper grinding, diamond polishing and Keller corrosive corrosion, and a sample to be tested is obtained. The macro and micro appearance of the grain boundary of a sample to be tested is observed under a leica microscope, and the result is shown in fig. 4, wherein a1 is a macro structure diagram of the Al-Cu alloy before heat treatment, b1 is a macro structure diagram of the Al-Cu alloy after heat treatment obtained in comparative example 1, b2 is a grain boundary enlargement of the Al-Cu alloy after heat treatment obtained in comparative example 1, c1 is a macro structure diagram of the Al-Cu alloy after heat treatment obtained in example 1, and c2 is a grain boundary enlargement of the Al-Cu alloy after heat treatment obtained in example 1.
As can be seen from b1 and b2 in FIG. 4, the alloy after heat treatment has a quenched liquid-phase eutectic structure without applying a magnetic field during the heat treatment, but the grain boundaries are flat and the intergranular CuAl is2The second phase particles are continuously distributed in a linear shape; as can be seen from c1 and c2 in FIG. 4, the alloy obtained by applying a magnetic field during the heat treatment also has a quenched liquid-phase eutectic structure after the heat treatment, and the grain boundaries are jagged, and the intergranular CuAl is2The second phase particles are distributed discontinuously in a sawtooth shape. In conclusion, the saw teeth in the metal workpiece can be improved by applying a magnetic field and keeping the temperature for a certain time in the heat treatment processThe proportion of grain boundaries.
The ratio of the zigzagged grain boundaries was calculated according to the following method, and the number of the zigzagged grain boundaries and the total number of various grain boundaries in the same visual field (440 μm × 440 μm) were counted, and the ratio of the zigzagged grain boundaries (% × 100%/total number of various grain boundaries) was calculated, and the ratios of the zigzagged grain boundaries in the heat-treated alloys obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were obtained, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 proportion of serrated grain boundaries in the heat-treated alloys obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1
| Examples | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 |
| Zigzag grain boundary ratio (%) | 95.16 | 81.26 | 66.72 | 0 |
The results in table 1 show that the heat preservation time and the magnetic field strength of the magnetic field heat treatment affect the proportion of the sawtooth-shaped crystal boundary in the metal workpiece, the heat preservation time and the magnetic field strength can greatly improve the proportion of the sawtooth-shaped crystal boundary within a certain range, and the heat treatment method can enable the proportion of the sawtooth-shaped crystal boundary in the Al-Cu alloy to reach 66.72-95.16%.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A heat treatment method for improving the proportion of metal zigzag grain boundaries comprises the following steps:
carrying out magnetic field heat treatment on the metal workpiece, and then quenching and cooling to finish the heat treatment;
the metal workpiece comprises a pure metal workpiece or an alloy workpiece, and when the metal workpiece is a pure metal workpiece, the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is 70-80% of the melting point of the pure metal; when the metal workpiece is an alloy workpiece, the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is higher than the solidus temperature of the alloy and lower than the liquidus temperature of the alloy;
the time of the magnetic field heat treatment is 0.5-10 h;
the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field heat treatment is 0.5-12T.
2. The heat treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field heat treatment has a magnetic field strength of 5 to 10T.
3. The heat treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the magnetic field heat treatment is obtained by raising the temperature at room temperature, and the rate of raising the temperature is 0.15 to 0.19 ℃/s.
4. The heat treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the quenching cooling medium comprises water, kerosene or a Ga-In-Sn eutectic alloy solution; the mass ratio of Ga, In and Sn In the Ga-In-Sn eutectic alloy solution is 0.625:0.215:0.16 or 0.66:0.205: 0.135.
5. The heat treatment method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the cooling rate of the quenching cooling is 140 to 160 ℃/s.
6. The heat treatment method of claim 1, wherein the alloy workpiece comprises an Al-Cu alloy; the metal workpiece comprises a pure Al metal workpiece, a pure Cu metal workpiece, a pure Ni metal workpiece or a pure Fe metal workpiece.
7. A heat treatment system for use in the heat treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
the device comprises a magnetic field generating device (1), a heating device (2), a quenching cooling device (6), a drawing rod (5), a high-temperature-resistant vessel (4), a motor (7) and a screw rod (8);
the magnetic field generating device (1) is of a vertically placed hollow cylinder structure, and the heating device (2) is positioned inside the magnetic field generating device (1);
the quenching cooling device (6) is positioned below the heating device (2), and an opening is formed in the upper part of the quenching cooling device (6) and used for placing a metal workpiece into the quenching cooling device (6);
the drawing rod (5) penetrates through the center of the bottom of the quenching cooling device (6), a high-temperature-resistant vessel (4) is arranged at the top of the drawing rod (5), and the drawing rod (5) is connected with a motor (7) through a screw rod (8);
the upper and lower positions of the high-temperature resistant vessel (4) can be adjusted by adjusting the drawing rod (5).
8. The thermal treatment system according to claim 6, wherein the heating device (2) has a cylindrical structure concentric with the magnetic field generating device (1).
9. The heat treatment system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the quenching cooling device is embedded in the magnetic field generating device (1), and an open top portion of the quenching cooling device (6) is in contact connection with a lower end of the heating device (2).
10. The heat treatment system according to claim 8, characterized in that a cooling pipe (9) is arranged outside the quenching and cooling device (6).
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