CN111375774A - Preparation method of graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material for electronic packaging - Google Patents
Preparation method of graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material for electronic packaging Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/20—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds
- B22F9/22—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds using gaseous reductors
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0084—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ carbon or graphite as the main non-metallic constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material for electronic packaging, which comprises the following steps: firstly, sequentially carrying out high-temperature oxidation and high-energy ball milling treatment on electrolytic copper powder to obtain copper oxide powder; secondly, ball-milling and mixing copper oxide powder, flake graphite and molybdenum powder to obtain composite powder; thirdly, reducing the composite powder to obtain graphite loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder; and fourthly, carrying out vacuum hot-pressing sintering on the graphite loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder to obtain the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material. According to the invention, the electrolytic copper powder is oxidized into copper oxide powder, and is mixed with other component powder and then reduced to construct a graphite loaded copper nanoparticle structure, so that graphite is uniformly dispersed in the copper powder, the graphite agglomeration phenomenon is effectively reduced, the problem that the graphite is difficult to uniformly disperse in a copper matrix due to non-wetting between the graphite and the copper is solved, and the interface bonding is strengthened, so that the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material with excellent mechanical property, high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material for electronic packaging.
Background
With the rapid development of modern electronic information industry, the design of electronic components is more and more miniaturized and complicated, the generated heat is more and more, and the heat dissipation problem becomes one of the factors for measuring the reliability of electronic products. If the heat dissipation does not reach the standard, the function of the electronic component is seriously influenced, and even the machine cannot work normally. Thus, the performance of electronic packaging materials is required to meet higher demands.
The copper-molybdenum composite material is a first-generation heat management material and has the heat conductivity of 184 W.m-1K-1～197W·m-1K-1Nowadays, it is difficult to meet the performance requirements of electronic packaging materials. The graphite has a relatively low value of ownershipHas a coefficient of thermal expansion of up to 10000 W.m in the sheet direction-1K-1～2000W·m-1K-1Is an excellent reinforcing phase of the metal-based electronic packaging material. The graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material is prepared by introducing graphite into a copper-molybdenum material, and is expected to obtain excellent mechanical property, high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient. However, graphite and copper are not wet, and graphite is difficult to disperse uniformly in a copper matrix, so how to solve the problems is the key for improving the performance of the composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material for electronic packaging, aiming at the defects of the prior art. According to the method, the electrolytic copper powder is oxidized into copper oxide powder, and the copper oxide powder is mixed with other component powder and then reduced to construct a graphite loaded copper nanoparticle structure, so that graphite is uniformly dispersed in the copper powder, the graphite agglomeration phenomenon is effectively reduced, the problem that the graphite is difficult to uniformly disperse in a copper matrix due to non-wetting between the graphite and the copper is solved, and the interface bonding is strengthened, so that the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material with excellent mechanical property, high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient is obtained.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of a graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material for electronic packaging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing copper oxide powder: oxidizing electrolytic copper powder at high temperature, and then carrying out high-energy ball milling treatment to obtain copper oxide powder; the copper oxide powder is copper powder with a copper oxide film coated on the surface;
step two, preparing composite powder: mixing the copper oxide powder, the crystalline flake graphite and the molybdenum powder obtained in the step one according to a ratio of 44.5: (2.25-18): (5.1-51) performing ball milling and mixing to obtain composite powder;
step three, preparing graphite loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder: placing the composite powder obtained in the step two in a tubular furnace, and carrying out reduction treatment under the reducing atmosphere condition to obtain graphite loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder;
step four, preparing the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material: and (3) carrying out vacuum hot-pressing sintering on the graphite-loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder obtained in the third step to obtain the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material.
The copper powder has good plasticity, so the high-energy ball milling can cause the copper powder to form a lamellar structure, and the purpose of refining cannot be achieved. According to the invention, electrolytic copper powder is oxidized and refined by high-energy ball milling to obtain copper oxide powder, namely copper powder coated with a copper oxide film on the surface, the plasticity of copper oxide is lower than that of copper powder, so that the copper oxide powder is not easy to flake and is further refined in the ball milling mixing process with flake graphite and molybdenum powder to form uniform mixed powder, copper nanoparticles generated after reduction are attached to graphite to obtain graphite-loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder, and thus the graphite is uniformly dispersed in the copper powder, the graphite agglomeration phenomenon is effectively reduced, and the problem that the graphite is difficult to uniformly disperse in a copper matrix due to non-wetting between the graphite and the copper is solved. Meanwhile, as the copper nanoparticles exist among the graphites, compared with the interface bonding force among the graphites, the interface bonding force between the copper and the graphites is stronger, namely the interface bonding is strengthened, so that the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material with excellent mechanical property, high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient is obtained through vacuum hot-pressing sintering, and the performance of the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material is greatly improved.
The preparation method of the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material for electronic packaging is characterized in that in the first step, the oxidation temperature is 250-400 ℃, and the ball-to-material ratio adopted in the high-energy ball milling treatment is (5-20): 1, the ball milling speed is 400 rpm-500 rpm.
The preparation method of the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material for electronic packaging is characterized in that the rotation speed of ball milling mixing in the second step is 150-250 rpm, and the ball milling time is 2-4 h.
The preparation method of the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material for electronic packaging is characterized in that the reduction treatment in the third step is carried out at the temperature of 350-450 ℃ for 2-4 h.
The graphite-copper-molybdenum base for electronic packagingThe preparation method of the composite material is characterized in that the temperature of the vacuum hot-pressing sintering in the fourth step is 700-1050 ℃, and the vacuum degree is lower than 10-3Pa, the heat preservation time is 5min to 30min, and the pressure is 30MPa to 160 MPa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the electrolytic copper powder is oxidized into copper oxide powder, and is mixed with other component powder and then reduced to construct a graphite loaded copper nanoparticle structure, so that graphite is uniformly dispersed in the copper powder, the graphite agglomeration phenomenon is effectively reduced, and the problem of weak interface binding force is solved.
2. The graphite is uniformly dispersed in the copper powder, and the interface combination is strengthened, so that the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material with excellent mechanical property, high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient is obtained, and the performance of the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material is greatly improved.
3. The raw material of the invention has good processability, simple process and lower cost, and is suitable for large-scale production.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a composite powder prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the graphite-supported copper nanoparticle composite powder prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing copper oxide powder: 200g of electrolytic copper powder with the mass purity of 99.9% is placed in a forced air drying oven, oxidized for 5 hours at 250 ℃, then mixed with 60mL of ethanol, subjected to high-energy ball milling for 4 hours, and subjected to vacuum drying for 24 hours to obtain copper oxide powder; the ball-material ratio adopted in the high-energy ball milling treatment is 6:1, and the ball milling speed is 450 rpm; the copper oxide powder is copper powder with a copper oxide film coated on the surface;
step two, preparing composite powder: carrying out ball milling and mixing on 44.5g of the copper oxide powder obtained in the step one, 4.5g of the crystalline flake graphite and 30.6g of molybdenum powder for 3 hours to obtain composite powder; the rotation speed of the ball milling mixing is 250 rpm;
step three, preparing graphite loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder: placing the composite powder obtained in the step two in a tubular furnace, and carrying out reduction treatment under the hydrogen-argon mixed atmosphere condition with the hydrogen volume content of 8% to obtain graphite loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder; the temperature of the reduction treatment is 400 ℃, and the time is 2 hours;
step four, preparing the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material: carrying out vacuum hot-pressing sintering on the graphite-loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder obtained in the third step to obtain a graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material; the temperature of the vacuum hot-pressing sintering is 800 ℃, and the vacuum degree is lower than 10-3Pa, the heat preservation time is 5min, and the pressure is 40 MPa.
Through detection, the density of the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material prepared in the embodiment is 7.6g/cm3。
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of the composite powder prepared in this example, and it can be seen from fig. 1 that under the action of the oxidation, high energy ball milling and ball milling mixing treatments, the copper oxide powder is refined, the scale graphite becomes smaller in size, and the partially refined copper oxide powder covers the scale graphite.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the graphite-supported copper nanoparticle composite powder prepared in this example, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that, after reduction, the copper nanoparticles are supported on the surface of the flake graphite, so that agglomeration of the flake graphite is suppressed, and the flake graphite is uniformly dispersed in the copper matrix.
The bending strength and the longitudinal thermal conductivity of the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material prepared in this example were measured and compared with those of the prior art graphite/copper-based composite material, and the results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 flexural Strength and longitudinal thermal conductivity of graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite prepared in example 1 and graphite/copper-based composite of the prior art
In table 1, "-" indicates the absence of this content data.
Document 1: shubin Ren, "The influx of matrix alloy on The microstructural and properties of (flat graph + diamond)/Cu compositions by hot pressing", Journal of Alloys and compositions 652(2015) 351-.
Document 2: jianhao Chen, "Properties and microstructure of nickel-coated graphs flakes/copper compositions characterized by a by spark plasma orientation", Carbon 121(2017) 25-34.
Document 3: qianyue Cui, "Ultrahigh thermal conductivity copper/graphitembrane compositions prepared by tape casting with hot-pressing", Materials Letters 231(2018) 60-63.
As can be seen from table 1, the graphite-copper molybdenum-based composite material prepared in this example has nearly twice the flexural strength as the 20% graphite-20% diamond-copper-based composite material in document 1, but has slightly lower longitudinal thermal conductivity than document 1; the bending strength of the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material prepared by the embodiment is almost consistent with that of the 20% GF/Cu composite material in the document 2, and the longitudinal thermal conductivity is nearly 3 times that of the 20% GM/Cu composite material in the document 3; compared with the graphite/copper-based composite material in the prior art, the preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the graphite agglomeration phenomenon is effectively reduced, the problem that the graphite is difficult to disperse uniformly in a copper matrix due to non-wetting between the graphite and the copper is solved, the interface bonding is strengthened, and the mechanical property and longitudinal thermal conductivity of the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material are improved.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing copper oxide powder: 200g of electrolytic copper powder with the mass purity of 99.9% is placed in a forced air drying oven, oxidized for 5 hours at 300 ℃, then mixed with 60mL of ethanol, subjected to high-energy ball milling for 4 hours, and subjected to vacuum drying for 24 hours to obtain copper oxide powder; the ball-material ratio adopted in the high-energy ball milling treatment is 5:1, and the ball milling speed is 400 rpm; the copper oxide powder is copper powder with a copper oxide film coated on the surface;
step two, preparing composite powder: carrying out ball milling and mixing on 44.5g of the copper oxide powder obtained in the step one, 18g of crystalline flake graphite and 5.1g of molybdenum powder for 2 hours to obtain composite powder; the rotation speed of the ball milling mixing is 150 rpm;
step three, preparing graphite loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder: placing the composite powder obtained in the step two in a tubular furnace, and carrying out reduction treatment under the hydrogen-argon mixed atmosphere condition with the hydrogen volume content of 8% to obtain graphite loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder; the temperature of the reduction treatment is 350 ℃, and the time is 2.5 h;
step four, preparing the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material: carrying out vacuum hot-pressing sintering on the graphite-loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder obtained in the third step to obtain a graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material; the temperature of the vacuum hot-pressing sintering is 700 ℃, and the vacuum degree is lower than 10-3Pa, the heat preservation time is 15min, and the pressure is 30 MPa.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing copper oxide powder: 200g of electrolytic copper powder with the mass purity of 99.9% is placed in a resistance furnace, oxidized for 5 hours at 400 ℃, then mixed with 60mL of ethanol, subjected to high-energy ball milling for 4 hours, and vacuum-dried for 24 hours to obtain copper oxide powder; the ball-material ratio adopted in the high-energy ball milling treatment is 20:1, and the ball milling speed is 500 rpm; the copper oxide powder is copper powder with a copper oxide film coated on the surface;
step two, preparing composite powder: carrying out ball milling and mixing on 44.5g of the copper oxide powder obtained in the step one, 2.25g of flake graphite and 51g of molybdenum powder for 4 hours to obtain composite powder; the rotation speed of the ball milling mixing is 200 rpm;
step three, preparing graphite loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder: placing the composite powder obtained in the step two in a tubular furnace, and carrying out reduction treatment under the hydrogen-argon mixed atmosphere condition with the hydrogen volume content of 8% to obtain graphite loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder; the temperature of the reduction treatment is 450 ℃, and the time is 4 hours;
step four, preparing the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material: carrying out vacuum hot pressing on the graphite loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder obtained in the third stepSintering to obtain a graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material; the temperature of the vacuum hot-pressing sintering is 1050 ℃, and the vacuum degree is lower than 10-3Pa, the heat preservation time is 30min, and the pressure is 160 MPa.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material for electronic packaging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing copper oxide powder: oxidizing electrolytic copper powder at high temperature, and then carrying out high-energy ball milling treatment to obtain copper oxide powder; the copper oxide powder is copper powder with a copper oxide film coated on the surface;
step two, preparing composite powder: mixing the copper oxide powder, the crystalline flake graphite and the molybdenum powder obtained in the step one according to a ratio of 44.5: (2.25-18): (5.1-51) performing ball milling and mixing to obtain composite powder;
step three, preparing graphite loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder: placing the composite powder obtained in the step two in a tubular furnace, and carrying out reduction treatment under the reducing atmosphere condition to obtain graphite loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder;
step four, preparing the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material: and (3) carrying out vacuum hot-pressing sintering on the graphite-loaded copper nanoparticle composite powder obtained in the third step to obtain the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material.
2. The preparation method of the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material for electronic packaging according to claim 1, wherein the oxidation temperature in the first step is 250 ℃ to 400 ℃, and the ball-to-material ratio adopted in the high-energy ball milling treatment is (5-20): 1, the ball milling speed is 400 rpm-500 rpm.
3. The method for preparing the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material for electronic packaging according to claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the ball milling mixing in the second step is 150rpm to 250rpm, and the ball milling time is 2h to 4 h.
4. The method for preparing the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material for electronic packaging according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the reduction treatment in the third step is 350 ℃ to 450 ℃ and the time is 2h to 4 h.
5. The method for preparing the graphite-copper-molybdenum-based composite material for electronic packaging according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the vacuum hot-pressing sintering in the fourth step is 700-1050 ℃, and the vacuum degree is lower than 10-3Pa, the heat preservation time is 5min to 30min, and the pressure is 30MPa to 160 MPa.
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| CN112391551A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-02-23 | 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of biomedical titanium-copper alloy |
| CN112391549A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-02-23 | 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of reduced graphene oxide and aluminum oxide co-reinforced copper-based composite material |
| CN114540661A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-05-27 | 西安理工大学 | Graphene reinforced copper-molybdenum composite material with three-dimensional network structure and preparation method thereof |
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