CN111373470A - 用于制造用于吸音板的蜂窝芯体的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造用于吸音板的蜂窝芯体的方法 Download PDF

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CN111373470A
CN111373470A CN201880071891.6A CN201880071891A CN111373470A CN 111373470 A CN111373470 A CN 111373470A CN 201880071891 A CN201880071891 A CN 201880071891A CN 111373470 A CN111373470 A CN 111373470A
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昆汀·阿尔班·纪尧姆·贝纳德
维吉妮·埃马纽埃尔·安妮·玛丽·迪吉奥斯
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造用于吸音板(30)的蜂窝芯体(34)的方法,所述蜂窝芯体(34)包括至少一个多个声学单元(36)和纵向延伸的多个除冰通道(48),每个除冰通道(48)横向地置于两个连续的单元(36)之间,所述除冰通道(48)适于引导除冰流体,其特征在于,所述方法包括制造步骤,所述制造步骤涉及将所述声学单元(36)和所述除冰通道(48)制造为单一件,因此在所述制造步骤期间如此制造的所述蜂窝芯体(34)形成一体式部件。

Description

用于制造用于吸音板的蜂窝芯体的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造用于吸音板的蜂窝芯体的方法。
更特别地,本发明涉及一种用于制造用于吸音板的包括除冰通道的蜂窝芯体的方法。
通过根据本发明的方法制造的吸音板特别适合于装备涡轮喷气发动机机舱,并且更特别地适合于装备涡轮喷气发动机机舱的进气口唇缘。
背景技术
飞行器由一个或多个推进单元推进,每个推进单元包括容纳在管状机舱内的涡轮喷气发动机/涡轮螺旋桨发动机。每个推进单元通过通常位于机翼下方或机身水平处的挂架而附接到飞行器。
机舱通常具有一种结构,该结构包括发动机上游的进气口、用于围绕涡轮喷气发动机的风扇的中间段、容纳推力反向装置并用于围绕涡轮喷气发动机的燃烧室的下游段,且机舱通常终止于喷嘴,该喷嘴的出口位于涡轮喷气发动机的下游。
进气口一方面包括进气口唇缘,该进气口唇缘适于使得能够朝向涡轮喷气发动机最佳地收集供给涡轮喷气发动机的风扇和内部压缩机所需的空气,另一方面包括下游结构,该唇缘固定于该下游结构上并且该下游结构用于朝向风扇的叶片引导空气。该装置附接在属于机舱上游段的风扇外壳的上游。
在飞行中,取决于温度和湿度条件,冰可能形成在机舱上,特别是在进气口唇缘外表面的水平处。冰或霜的存在改变了进气口的空气动力学特性,并干扰了空气朝向风扇的引导。另外,在机舱的进气口上形成霜以及在冰块分离的情况下发动机吸入冰可能损坏发动机,并且威胁飞行安全。
一种用于对进气口唇缘的外表面除冰的解决方案在于,通过将相关表面保持在足够的温度下来避免冰形成在该外表面上。
因此,例如从专利US 4 688 757中已知,在涡轮喷气发动机的压缩机的水平处收集热空气,并将其带到进气口唇缘的水平处,以加热唇缘的外表面。
此外,已知的是,为机舱的进气口唇缘配备吸音板,该吸音板适于吸收从机舱内部向机舱外部发出的噪声的一部分。
典型地,吸音板包括穿孔的声学表层和蜂窝芯体,该声学表层布置成与机舱的进气口流动路径相对,该蜂窝芯体组装在声学表层上。
该蜂窝芯体包括多个声学单元,形成亥姆霍兹共振器,这些声学单元由外周分隔壁彼此分开。
声学单元在从前端直到后端的厚度上延伸,所述前端支承在声学表层上,并且所述后端由后表面密封。
蜂窝芯体通常制成为扁平,并且具有对压缩和弯曲的高机械抗性,这使得吸音板的形成困难,特别是根据机舱的进气口唇缘的几何形状形成吸音板。
文献WO 2009/081020描述并示出了一种用于声学处理的结构,其集成了声学处理和除冰处理。
根据该文献,该结构包括声学表层、包括单元条带的蜂窝芯体、反射表层和多个通道,该通道置于单元之间并且用于引导除冰系统的热空气。
应当注意,通道和单元条带形成独立制造并组装在一起的不同子组件。
这种结构的制造证明是耗时且昂贵的。
此外,形成蜂窝芯体的单元条带似乎不具有高机械强度,因此蜂窝芯体几乎不对进气口唇缘的机械强度有贡献。
发明内容
本发明特别旨在解决现有技术的缺点,并且为此目的涉及一种用于制造用于吸音板的蜂窝芯体的方法,所述蜂窝芯体至少包括:
-多个声学单元,每个声学单元由外周纵向分隔壁和外周横向分隔壁限定,所述声学单元在从开放前端直到后端的厚度上竖直地延伸,所述开放前端旨在竖直地支承在声学表层上,并且所述后端由后表面密封,以及
-纵向延伸的多个除冰通道,每个除冰通道横向地置于两个连续的单元之间,除冰通道适于引导除冰流体,
其特征在于,该方法包括制造步骤,所述制造步骤包括将声学单元和除冰通道整体地制成单一件,在制造步骤期间如此制造的蜂窝芯体形成一体式部件。
一体式蜂窝芯体可提供高机械强度,或者相反地,一体式蜂窝芯体可为柔性的,以符合于复杂形状,这取决于用于其制造所用的材料并且取决于需求。
此外,本发明允许在一个单独的制造步骤中同时制造蜂窝芯体的通道和单元,以减少吸音板的制造周期。
根据本发明的第一实施例,每个除冰通道从单元的纵向分隔壁的前端纵向延伸。
根据第一实施例,制造步骤是增材制造步骤。
根据第二实施例,每个除冰通道置于第一声学单元的第一纵向分隔壁与第二声学单元的第二纵向分隔壁之间,所述声学单元直接相邻,声学单元和除冰通道设计为不具有任何底切面。
该特征允许通过在一个单一制造步骤中模制来制造蜂窝芯体。
根据第三实施例,每个除冰通道由与声学单元的后表面齐平的后表面限定。
此特征允许促进蜂窝芯体的脱模。
根据第二和第三实施例,制造步骤是通过模制制造的步骤。
根据另一特征,制造步骤是通过使金属板变形来制造的步骤。
根据另一特征,在制造步骤期间用于制造蜂窝芯体的材料是基本上可弹性变形的材料,其适于促进脱模并使蜂窝芯体能够符合于复杂形状。
根据另一特征,制造步骤包括制造成形为具有旋转对称部分的扇区的蜂窝芯体。
该特征允许获得蜂窝芯体的最终形状,并且允许免除形成蜂窝芯体的步骤。
根据另一特征,该方法包括组装步骤,该组装步骤包括将蜂窝芯体组装在前声学表层上,以形成吸音板。
附图说明
在阅读以下详细描述时,本发明的其它特征和优点将变得显而易见,为了理解该详细描述,将参考附图,其中:
图1是示意性纵向剖视图,其示出了包括进气口唇缘的涡轮喷气发动机机舱,进气口唇缘配备有根据本发明的制造方法制造的吸音板;
图2是示意性详细纵向剖视图,其示出了集成到进气口唇缘中的图1的吸音板;
图3是示意性详细立体图,其示出了图1的吸音板形成角扇区;
图4是示意性剖视和立体图,其示出了根据本发明第一实施例的图1的吸音板的一部分;
图5是示意性剖视和立体图,其示出了根据本发明第二实施例的图1的吸音板的一部分;
图6是示意性剖视和立体图,其示出了根据本发明第三实施例的图1的吸音板的一部分。
具体实施方式
在说明书和权利要求书中,表述“前”和“后”将分别参照图4至图6的下部和上部以非限制性的方式使用。
另外,为了阐明说明书和权利要求书,将参考图4至图6中所示的三面体L、V、T局部地并且以非限制性的方式采用术语纵向、竖直和横向,三面体L、V、T的轴线L平行于机舱的轴线A。
应当注意,竖直轴线V相对于机舱的纵向轴线A基本上径向地延伸,并且横向轴线T相对于机舱的纵向轴线A基本上切向地延伸。
另外,为了便于理解说明书,图4至图6中示出的吸音板部分示出为平面的,而不考虑吸音板整体的曲率半径。
在所有这些图中,相同或相似的附图标记表示相同或相似的构件或构件组。
在图1中,示出了具有围绕纵向轴线A延伸的基本上环形形状的机舱10。
机舱10包括发动机14上游的进气口12、用于围绕涡轮喷气发动机的风扇18的中间段16、容纳推力反向装置并用于围绕涡轮喷气发动机的燃烧室的下游段20、以及出口位于涡轮喷气发动机下游的喷射喷嘴22。
如图2所示,进气口12包括进气口唇缘24,其形成围绕机舱10的轴线A的环形体积,具有“D”形剖面。
进气口唇缘24由形成前缘的待除冰的上游外壁26和下游分隔壁28限定,该下游分隔壁将由进气口唇缘24限定的容积与连接在唇缘24上的机舱10的区段分开。
唇缘24配备有吸音板30,吸音板30包括穿孔的前声学表层32以及蜂窝芯体34,该声学表层形成唇缘24的外壁26的一部分。
参考图4,蜂窝芯体34包括多个声学单元36,其彼此结合并且以类似棋盘格的方式布置。
每个单元36具有基本上平行六面体的形状,并且每个单元由两个彼此面对的周向纵向分隔壁38和两个彼此面对的周向横向分隔壁40限定。
而且,声学单元36在从开口前端42直到后端44的厚度上竖直地或径向地延伸,所述开口前端42竖直地支承在声学表层32上,并且所述后端44由相关单元36的后表面46密封。
为了允许引导除冰流体,例如热空气,蜂窝芯体34包括纵向延伸的多个除冰通道48。
每个除冰通道48横向地置于两个连续的单元36之间。
如图2所示,每个通道48具有热空气入口52,其在唇缘的分隔壁28附近连接到热空气源上,以及热空气出口54,其在唇缘24的前缘附近开口,从而热空气穿过通道加热布置在通道48下方的唇缘24的外壁。
在图2中,热空气在唇缘24中的循环由箭头示出。
根据本发明的制造方法包括制造步骤,该制造步骤包括将声学单元36和除冰通道48整体地制成单一件,在制造步骤期间如此制造的蜂窝芯体34形成一体式部件。
根据图4所示的本发明的第一实施例,每个除冰通道48从单元36的纵向分隔壁38的前端56纵向延伸,每个通道48连接所有的纵向分隔壁38,这些纵向分隔壁对齐以形成一排。
每个通道48具有半圆形横截面,其具有支承在声学表层32上的两个纵向边缘58和凸形中心部分60,相关单元36的纵向分隔壁38从凸形中心部分60延伸。
以非限制性方式,通道48的横截面可具有三角形形状以便于增材式制造。
根据第一实施例,制造蜂窝芯体34的步骤是通过材料添加的增材制造步骤。例如,蜂窝芯体34由铝合金制成。
该增材制造还已知为表述“三维打印”或“3D打印”。
增材制造步骤允许将蜂窝芯体34和通道48整体地制造为单一件,蜂窝芯体34包括由分隔壁38、40和由后表面46形成的单元36。
参照图3,在制造步骤之后获得的一体式蜂窝芯体34成形为关于机舱10的轴线A具有旋转对称部分的扇区,其母线G在图3中被示出为弯曲的矩形,并且符合于进气口唇缘24的曲率。
因此,蜂窝芯体34完全符合于唇缘24和声学表层32的形状,而没有任何附加的形成步骤。
根据图5中所示的本发明的第二实施例,每个除冰通道48纵向延伸并且置于第一声学单元36的第一纵向分隔壁38与第二声学单元36的第二纵向分隔壁38之间,所述声学单元36直接横向地相邻,使得声学单元36和除冰通道48设计为不具有任何底切面。
通过“不具有任何底切面”,应理解的是,由单元36和通道48形成的后表面适于能够从制造模具中移除。类似地,由单元36和通道48形成的前表面适于能够从制造模具中移除。
每个通道48具有半圆形横截面,其具有支承在声学表层32上的两个纵向边缘58。
每个通道48的两个纵向边缘58对于相关单元36的纵向分隔壁38的前端边缘是共用的。
根据该第二实施例,制造蜂窝芯体34的步骤是通过注射成型柔性聚合物来制造的步骤,蜂窝芯体34设计成基本上变形以符合于进气口唇缘24的曲线并且便于蜂窝芯体34的脱模。
因此,蜂窝芯体34可以模制成基本上平面形状,以便于脱模。
此外,用聚合物制造使得能够使用适合于外部环境的材料,并且没有与另一金属部件电偶连接的任何风险。
仍然根据该第二实施例,蜂窝芯体34由例如硅树脂制成。
以非限制性方式,根据该第二实施例,蜂窝芯体34也可通过金属的注射成型制成,该方法已知为代表“金属注射成型”的首字母缩写MIM。
类似地,以非限制性方式,蜂窝芯体34可由例如聚醚醚酮(也称为PEEK)或聚苯硫醚制成,尽管这些材料不是柔性的。
此外,根据该第二实施例,蜂窝芯体也可通过冲压金属板制成。
根据图6中所示的本发明的第三实施例,每个除冰通道48纵向延伸并且置于第一声学单元36的第一纵向分隔壁38与第二声学单元36的第二纵向分隔壁38之间,所述声学单元36直接横向地相邻。
此外,根据该第三实施例,每个除冰通道48由与声学单元36的后表面46齐平的后表面62限定。
因此,蜂窝芯体34的后表面通常是平面的,这有利于蜂窝芯体34的脱模。
此外,根据上文所述的三个实施例,在制造步骤期间用于制造蜂窝芯体34的材料是适于承受高温以承受热空气(例如接近180摄氏度的温度)通过的材料。
此外,用于制造蜂窝芯体的方法包括组装步骤,该组装步骤是三个前述实施例所共用的,并且包括将蜂窝芯体34组装在声学表层32上,以形成吸音板30。
例如,根据用于制造蜂窝芯体34的材料,通过胶合、通过钎焊或通过焊接来执行组装步骤。
本发明的当前描述作为非限制性示例提供。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于制造用于吸音板(30)的蜂窝芯体(34)的方法,所述蜂窝芯体(34)至少包括:
-多个声学单元(36),每个声学单元(36)由外周纵向分隔壁(38)和外周横向分隔壁(40)限定,所述声学单元(36)在从开放前端(42)直到后端(44)的厚度竖直地延伸,所述开放前端(42)旨在竖直地支承在声学表层(32)上,并且所述后端(44)由后表面(46)密封,
-纵向延伸的多个除冰通道(48),每个除冰通道(48)横向地置于两个连续的单元(36)之间,所述除冰通道(48)适于引导除冰流体,
其特征在于,所述制造方法包括制造步骤,所述制造步骤包括将所述声学单元(36)和所述除冰通道(48)整体地制成单一件,使得在所述制造步骤期间如此制造的蜂窝芯体(34)形成一体式部件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,其特征在于,每个除冰通道(48)从所述单元(36)的纵向分隔壁(38)的前端(56)纵向地延伸。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制造方法,其特征在于,所述制造步骤是增材制造步骤。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,其特征在于,每个除冰通道(48)置于在第一声学单元(36)的第一纵向分隔壁(38)与第二声学单元(36)的第二纵向分隔壁(38)之间,所述声学单元(36)直接相邻,所述声学单元(36)和所述除冰通道(48)设计为不具有任何底切面,使得由所述单元(36)和所述通道(48)形成的后表面适于实现制造模具的移除。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,其特征在于,每个除冰通道(48)由与所述声学单元(36)的后表面(46)齐平的后表面(62)限定。
6.根据权利要求4和5中任一项所述的制造方法,其特征在于,所述制造步骤是通过模制制造的步骤。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制造方法,其特征在于,所述制造步骤是通过使金属板变形来制造的步骤。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的制造方法,其特征在于,在所述制造步骤期间用于制造所述蜂窝芯体(34)的材料是基本上可弹性变形的材料,所述材料适于促进脱模并使所述蜂窝芯体(34)能够符合于复杂形状。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的制造方法,其特征在于,所述制造步骤包括制造成形为具有旋转对称部分的扇区的蜂窝芯体(34)。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的制造方法,其特征在于,所述制造方法包括组装步骤,所述组装步骤包括将所述蜂窝芯体(34)组装在前声学表层(32)上,以形成吸音板(30)。
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