CN111371335A - Eight-switch seven-level active power filter and control method thereof - Google Patents
Eight-switch seven-level active power filter and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
- H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
- H02J3/1842—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/20—Active power filtering [APF]
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Abstract
The invention relates to an eight-switch seven-level active power filter and a control method thereof, which replace the traditional common SVPWM multi-level control algorithm by adopting an improved seven-level control algorithm under the topology of an eight-switch circuit, thereby solving various problems caused by overlarge SVPWM calculation amount. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of reducing the loss problem caused by the number of switches, reducing the calculated amount and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics and power quality, in particular to an eight-switch seven-level active power filter and a control method thereof.
Background
Any active power filter is composed of several common technical links, namely a harmonic detection link, a control system, a main circuit and a coupling transformer. The harmonic detection link is based on an instantaneous reactive power theory and a harmonic detection method derived from the instantaneous reactive power theory, and the existing technology generally improves and innovates signal transmission delay, which is caused by higher requirement of an active power filter on the time simultaneity of harmonic signals. Most of the existing control systems are digital control systems, and the control systems are generally realized in the form of a DSP, an FPGA or a combination of the DSP and the FPGA. The control method is various, and the SVPWM is mainly used at present. The main circuit can be generally divided into a three-phase three-wire system and a three-phase four-wire system according to the needs of a power system, and the application of the multilevel technology in the aspect of medium-high voltage distribution network harmonic wave treatment still needs to be greatly promoted. The cascade type overcomes the problem of circulation current and is easy to realize modularization, so that the cascade type is the research focus in the field of multiple levels, and in practical application, the cascade type mainly uses two levels and three levels. In general, the active power filter is connected to a power system through a coupling transformer, so that the capacity of a switching device can be fully utilized, and the active power filter also has the function of insulation and isolation to prevent interference.
In a large-scale power system, such as a ship power system, during driving of a high-power adjustable-speed motor, harmonic current adverse effects and other related problems caused by a switching tube interfere with other parts under the same alternating current system, so that the voltage capacity of a switching device is low, the output voltage quality and the electric energy quality of a load end are poor, and the cost is high.
The switching devices required by the cascaded seven-level topology are too many, so that corresponding buffer circuits can be caused, the driving circuit is more complex, loss is easily caused, and the PWM control mode corresponding to the seven-level topology is redundant and the testing efficiency is low. The control theory of SVPWM is inherently good, but the calculation amount increases exponentially with the increase of the number of levels, which causes a problem of an excessive calculation amount. The circuit topology of the eight-switch seven-level active power filter only stays in theoretical analysis at present, and literature data for verifying whether harmonic waves are successfully collected through simulation is not found. In addition, the problem that the relation with the seven-level control cannot be established after the harmonic wave is collected exists, and a mathematical model needs to be established to enable the collected harmonic wave to realize the seven-level control. In a seven-level control scheme, the first issue is how to implement seven levels that control an eight-switch topology. Secondly, the operation efficiency of the program is improved according to the large operation amount. Again, how the coupling transformer is introduced in the simulation also brings new problems, such as winding connections, operating frequency bands and leakage reactance.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide an eight-switch seven-level active power filter and a control method thereof.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
an eight-switch seven-level active power filter, the filter comprising:
the main circuit adopts an eight-switch seven-level inverter as a main circuit topology.
And the control circuit comprises a harmonic wave acquisition sub-circuit and a switching tube duty ratio control sub-circuit. The harmonic acquisition sub-circuit is used for acquiring harmonic current and detecting the harmonic current, and takes a detection method based on an instantaneous reactive power theory as a core, and the direct-current side capacitor is provided with PI control and reactive power control. The switching tube duty ratio control sub-circuit comprises a PWM generator arranged at the control front end of the switching tube and is used for performing complementary distribution of duty ratio and realizing control of variable duty ratio.
And the current regulator is arranged between the harmonic acquisition sub-circuit and the switching tube duty ratio control sub-circuit and is used for acquiring the required harmonic compensation current.
The multi-level voltage modulation circuit is connected with the control end of the switching tube and used for obtaining specific control quantity of seven levels through a control algorithm and directly acting output on the control end of the switching tube.
And the coupling transformer is used for connecting the whole active power filter into a power system.
Preferably, the circuit topology of the eight-switch seven-level active power filter of the present invention employs tapped reactances for mitigating the adverse effects of harmonic currents.
A method of controlling an eight-switch seven-level active power filter, the method comprising the steps of:
step one, converting specific voltage output by the eight-switch seven-level active power filter into level-level digital quantity, and acquiring a difference value of integral numbers at two sides according to the digital quantity.
And step two, distributing the digital quantity obtained in the step one on the weight quantity, thereby obtaining two control duty ratios for enabling the average value output by the whole switching period to be equal to the obtained digital quantity.
And step three, complementary control is carried out on the two control duty ratios in actual control, and then control on any level grade is realized.
And a PWM generator with direct current conversion is used at the control front end of the switching tube to carry out duty ratio complementary distribution, so that the control of variable duty ratio is realized, and the problem of variable definition of module input parameters by using an s function is solved.
In the control of complementary allocation of duty ratios by a PWM generator, how to obtain a level class needs to be considered, and the present invention adopts the following method: firstly, a corresponding mathematical model is built between the level grade and the collected harmonic current by using a predictive current regulator and a multi-level voltage modulation method. The mathematical model can be built using simulink, the mathematical logic of which is represented using a modified seven-level control algorithm. Namely:
an improved seven-level control algorithm under an eight-switch circuit topology is adopted to replace a traditional common SVPWM multi-level control algorithm, and the method is used for solving a plurality of problems caused by overlarge SVPWM calculation amount. The specific content of the improved seven-level control algorithm is as follows:
according to the PWM volt-second balance principle, let Delta t be the control period of switch, vasIn order to be able to predict the voltage of the voltage source,
for predicted reference harmonic currents (predictive current regulators), LfThe filter is connected with the electrical equipment by the inductor. The circuit variables in the following circuit topology can be obtainedThe relationship between them is:
vas＝vas(t)+1.5Δt[vas(t)-vas(t-Δt)]
by deriving the three-phase harmonic voltage, a switching control signal is generated according to the following equation, where the control variable is set to dam，lla，ula。
lla＝int(dam)
ula＝lla+1
In the formula, VdcIs a dc voltage.
According to the reference voltage decomposition principle, the control time under two different levels is obtained, and the following formula is a specific control time relation.
dam*Δt＝lla*(Δt-ta)+ula*ta
ta＝(dam-lla)*Δt
In the formula, taIs the control time of high level in the switching period.
Preferably, in the control of complementary distribution of duty ratio by using the PWM generator, the dc capacitor voltage control and the harmonic acquisition part may be optimized to improve the overall control effect.
And finally, using the switch case in the simulink simulation and an action system matched with the switch case to control the logic gate, thereby controlling the eight switches to realize seven levels. This part is similar in logic if put into other programming.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the active power filter takes the eight-switch seven-level inverter as a main circuit topology, so that the loss problem caused by the number of switches and the volume problem of the whole system are reduced;
(2) the eight-switch seven-level active power filter has simple circuit topology and high cost performance, and the control method of SVPWM in the conventional multilevel converter is replaced by the PWM generator of the direct current conversion, thereby greatly reducing the calculated amount;
(3) the PWM generator with direct current conversion is adopted at the control front end of the switching tube to carry out duty ratio complementary distribution, so that the control of variable duty ratio is realized, the problem of variable definition of module input parameters by using an s function is not needed, and the calculation time of actual control is saved;
(4) compared with a cascade multi-level circuit, the circuit topology of the eight-switch seven-level active power filter can detect faults more effectively.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an eight-switch seven-level active power filter and an overall power system thereof;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a harmonic current detection and DC side capacitance control portion;
FIG. 3 is a simulated output switch control topology according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a complementary duty cycle module controlled by a switch case according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an analysis diagram of a harmonic current simulation result collected in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a diagram of a diagram d according to an embodiment of the present inventionamA waveform diagram of (a);
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the control law of the emulated output switch in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the compensated load current according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The invention relates to an eight-switch seven-level active power filter, which comprises:
the main circuit adopts an eight-switch seven-level inverter as a main circuit topology.
And the control circuit comprises a harmonic wave acquisition sub-circuit and a switching tube duty ratio control sub-circuit. The harmonic acquisition sub-circuit is used for acquiring harmonic current and detecting the harmonic current, and takes a detection method based on an instantaneous reactive power theory as a core, and the direct-current side capacitor is provided with PI control and reactive power control. The switching tube duty ratio control sub-circuit comprises a PWM generator arranged at the control front end of the switching tube and is used for performing complementary distribution of duty ratio and realizing control of variable duty ratio.
And the current regulator is arranged between the harmonic acquisition sub-circuit and the switching tube duty ratio control sub-circuit and is used for acquiring the required harmonic compensation current.
And the multi-level voltage modulation circuit is connected with the control end of the switching tube and used for obtaining the specific control quantity of seven levels through a control algorithm and directly acting the output on the control end of the switching tube.
And the coupling transformer is used for connecting the whole active power filter into a power system.
Preferably, the circuit topology of the eight-switch seven-level active power filter of the present invention employs tapped reactances for mitigating the adverse effects of harmonic currents.
The invention also relates to a control method of the eight-switch seven-level active power filter, which comprises the following steps:
converting specific voltage output by the eight-switch seven-level active power filter into digital quantity of level grade, and according to the difference value of the digital quantity from integer numbers on two sides;
and (II) performing complementary distribution of duty ratios by using a PWM generator with direct current conversion at the control front end of the switching tube, thereby obtaining two control duty ratios.
And thirdly, controlling a logic gate by using the switch case and an action system matched with the switch case, thereby controlling the eight switches to realize seven levels.
In order to verify the reliability of the active power filter, a simulation model of the eight-switch seven-level active power filter is established by utilizing Matlab/Simulink.
The simulation part consists of a main circuit part and a control part of the eight-switch seven-level inverter. The control part comprises a harmonic wave acquisition part and a switching tube duty ratio control part. The harmonic acquisition part takes a detection method based on an instantaneous reactive power theory as a core, and then PI control and reactive power control of a direct current side capacitor are added, as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is an instruction current operation circuit which comprises a voltage loop, and the PI control part of the direct current side capacitor makes appropriate technical extension, such as introduction of intelligent control methods such as fuzzy PI self-adaptive control. The duty ratio control part of the switching tube skillfully utilizes the PWM module, and the problem of too slow simulation operation caused by using an s function is avoided. This circuit topology employs tapped reactances to mitigate the adverse effects of harmonic currents.
The current regulator part is positioned between the harmonic acquisition part and the switching tube duty ratio control part to obtain the required harmonic compensation current, and the figure 8 is the compensated load measurement current.
The multi-level voltage modulation part obtains the specific control quantity of seven levels through a control algorithm, and the output of the part can be directly acted on the control end of the inverter switch tube. Such a seven level generation will have two switching redundant states which are excluded in the switching tube control due to the greater switching losses of the redundant states. The seven levels are realized by using switch case and common combination module thereof in combination in actual control, as shown in fig. 4.
As shown in FIG. 5, it can be seen from the simulation structure of the collected harmonic current that the topology increases the power factor, so that the harmonic current i can be increasedqIs set to 0.
FIG. 6 shows d obtained according to a theoretical mathematical modelamVariable, damThe variables being subject to complementationAnd obtaining a control strategy of a specific switching tube by the duty ratio control model. Fig. 7 obtains the control law of eight switching tubes of the main circuit of the inverter, namely the duty ratio corresponds to each switching control strategy, and the switching frequency is too high, so that the control law is very dense in the diagram.
The invention adopts an improved seven-level control algorithm under the topology of an eight-switch circuit to replace the traditional common SVPWM multi-level control algorithm, thereby solving a plurality of problems caused by overlarge SVPWM calculation amount, adopts a PWM generator with direct current conversion at the control front end of a switch tube to carry out complementary distribution of duty ratio to realize variable duty ratio control, and does not need to use s function to carry out variable definition of module input parameters, and then uses switch case and an action system control logic gate matched with the switch case to control the eight-switch to realize seven levels.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. An eight-switch seven-level active power filter comprising:
the main circuit comprises an eight-switch seven-level inverter;
the control circuit:
the harmonic acquisition sub-circuit takes a detection method based on an instantaneous reactive power theory as a core and is used for acquiring and detecting harmonic current, and a direct current side capacitor of the harmonic acquisition sub-circuit is provided with PI control and reactive power control;
the switching tube duty ratio control sub-circuit comprises a PWM generator arranged at the control front end of the switching tube and is used for performing complementary distribution of duty ratio and realizing control of variable duty ratio;
the current regulator is arranged between the harmonic acquisition sub-circuit and the switching tube duty ratio control sub-circuit and is used for acquiring required harmonic compensation current;
the multi-level voltage modulation circuit is connected with the control end of the switching tube and used for obtaining specific control quantity of seven levels through a control algorithm and directly acting output on the control end of the switching tube;
and the coupling transformer is used for connecting the whole active power filter into a power system.
2. The eight-switch seven-level active power filter according to claim 1, wherein the multilevel voltage modulation circuit comprises a command current operation circuit and a current tracking control circuit which are connected in sequence, and the current tracking control circuit is connected with the inverter main circuit topology.
3. An eight-switch seven-level active power filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the circuit topology of the eight-switch seven-level active power filter employs tapped reactances.
4. The eight-switch seven-level active power filter according to claim 1, wherein the PI control of the dc-side capacitance employs fuzzy PI adaptive control.
5. A control method for implementing an eight-switch seven-level active power filter according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
s1: converting specific voltage output by the eight-switch seven-level active power filter into digital quantity of level grade, and acquiring difference value of integer numbers at two sides according to the digital quantity;
s2: distributing the digital quantity obtained in the step S1 on the weight quantity to obtain two control duty ratios;
s3: and performing complementary control on the two control duty ratios to obtain the level grade, and controlling any level grade by adopting an improved seven-level control algorithm.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step S3 specifically comprises the following steps:
31) the complementary distribution of duty ratio is carried out at the control front end of the switch tube by adopting a PWM generator with direct current conversion, and the two control duty ratios are controlled;
32) and controlling the logic gate by using the switch case and the action system matched with the switch case so as to control the eight switches to realize seven levels.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein step 31) comprises the following steps:
establishing a corresponding mathematical model between the level grade and the collected harmonic current by adopting a predictive current regulator and a multi-level voltage modulation method to obtain the level grade; and obtaining the relation between the control variable and the control time according to a reference voltage decomposition method and a PWM volt-second balance principle.
8. The method for controlling an eight-switch seven-level active power filter according to claim 7, wherein the specific content of the relationship between the control variable and the control time obtained according to the reference voltage decomposition method and the PWM volt-second balance principle is as follows:
let Δ t be the control period of the switch, vasIn order to be able to predict the voltage of the voltage source,
for predicted reference harmonic currents, LfFor the connection inductance of the filter and the electrical equipment, the relationship between the circuit variables in the circuit topology can be obtained as follows:
vas＝vas(t)+1.5Δt[vas(t)-vas(t-Δt)]
by obtaining three-phase harmonic voltage, generating switch control signal according to the following formula, setting control variable as dam，lla，ula：
lla＝int(dam)
ula＝lla+1
In the formula, VdcIs a direct current voltage;
according to a reference voltage decomposition principle, obtaining control time under two different levels, wherein a specific control time relation formula is as follows:
dam*Δt＝lla*(Δt-ta)+ula*ta
ta＝(dam-lla)*Δt
in the formula, taIs the control time of high level in the switching period.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101917133A (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2010-12-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Five-electrical level inverter |
| CN103812107A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-05-21 | 陈仲 | Compound control based hybrid cascading seven-level active filter |
| CN104934976A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-23 | 辽宁立德电力工程设计有限公司 | Space vector pulse width modulation control method acting on active power filter |
| CN109149984A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-04 | 华东交通大学 | II type Mixed cascading, seven electrical level inverter Power balance control method |
-
2019
- 2019-05-08 CN CN201910380981.XA patent/CN111371335A/en active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101917133A (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2010-12-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Five-electrical level inverter |
| CN103812107A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-05-21 | 陈仲 | Compound control based hybrid cascading seven-level active filter |
| CN104934976A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-23 | 辽宁立德电力工程设计有限公司 | Space vector pulse width modulation control method acting on active power filter |
| CN109149984A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-04 | 华东交通大学 | II type Mixed cascading, seven electrical level inverter Power balance control method |
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| Title |
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| PENG XIAO,等: ""A Novel Seven-Level Shunt Active Filter for High-Power Drive Systems"", 《IECON 2006-32ND ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS》 * |
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