CN111371065A - Servo driver IGBT overcurrent turn-off stage protection circuit - Google Patents
Servo driver IGBT overcurrent turn-off stage protection circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN111371065A CN111371065A CN202010260027.XA CN202010260027A CN111371065A CN 111371065 A CN111371065 A CN 111371065A CN 202010260027 A CN202010260027 A CN 202010260027A CN 111371065 A CN111371065 A CN 111371065A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
- H03K17/082—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
- H03K17/0826—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit in bipolar transistor switches
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Abstract
The invention discloses an overcurrent turn-off grading protection circuit of a servo driver IGBT, and particularly relates to the field of overcurrent protection. The input signals are compared through the comparator module, and are respectively input into the enabling module and the optocoupler module under the condition that the input signals exceed different preset ranges, and the electrical signals are respectively sent to the driving module, so that the operation of hard turn-off or soft turn-off is completed. According to the invention, on the basis of the soft turn-off function of the driving module, a trigger source of a soft turn-off judgment signal is added, and a pure hardware circuit is utilized to reduce the reaction delay of the over-current turn-off of the IGBT and better protect the IGBT from the over-current or over-voltage condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of overcurrent protection, in particular to an IGBT overcurrent turn-off grading protection circuit of a servo driver.
Background
In industrial production, servo drives are used in a very wide range of applications. The control and protection of the IGBT module are core technical problems of a servo driver, and particularly under the condition that the driver is abnormal, the situation that the IGBT is short-circuited and damaged is very common.
In the prior art, the protection of the IGBT of the medium and high power servo driver is mainly realized by detecting the Vce voltage of the IGBT and starting a protection mechanism when the Vce is in overvoltage; for the current detection, because the servo driver has large power and large current change amplitude, the judgment of the IGBT turn-off through the current is difficult to realize by a simple method in a general IGBT protection link, so that in the prior art, an HALL sensor is usually used for detecting an output current signal of the driver and transmitting the output current signal to a processor (a control chip) for further processing the current signal, and a control instruction is obtained to control the turn-off of the IGBT. However, the damage of the IGBT due to overcurrent or overvoltage often occurs in a moment, and there is a certain delay time for obtaining the control signal through the processing of the current signal by the processor, and the IGBT may be irreparably damaged in the short delay time. Meanwhile, in the prior art, single-stage turn-off is often adopted, adaptive turn-off processing can not be carried out on the IGBT according to actual conditions, and unnecessary loss is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the hierarchical turn-off can not be carried out according to the actual current output of a servo driver in the prior art and avoid the inevitable signal delay of a processor for processing an electric signal when the traditional IGBT is in the overcurrent turn-off state, the invention provides an IGBT overcurrent turn-off hierarchical protection circuit of the servo driver, which comprises a main controller, a three-phase signal input module, a comparator module, an enabling module, an optocoupler module and a driving module, wherein:
the three-phase signal input module is used for receiving a current signal of the servo driver and outputting the current signal to two input ends of the comparator module;
the comparator module comprises a first comparator and a second comparator, and is used for respectively outputting electric signals LOCK2 and LOCK1 according to the current signal, and when the current signal exceeds a first preset range, LOCK2 output by the first comparator is a low-level signal to the signal input end of the enabling module; when the current signal exceeds a second preset range, the LOCK1 output by the second comparator is a low-level signal and is transmitted to the signal input end of the optical coupling module;
the main controller is used for receiving the electric signal from the comparator module to obtain a gate control signal and obtaining the turn-off state of the IGBT according to the gate control signal;
the enabling module is used for outputting a high-resistance state signal to the driving module when the LOCK2 of the first comparator is received as a low level signal, and controlling the enabling module to operate according to the received gate control signal;
the optical coupling module is used for being conducted when the LOCK1 of the second comparator is received as a low level signal, and outputting a high level signal to the driving module;
the driving module is used for stopping signal output to the IGBT when receiving the high-resistance state signal so as to realize hard turn-off; when a high-level signal is received, after the blanking time is preset, the signal output to the IGBT is stopped, and soft turn-off is realized.
Further, the high level signal further comprises a detection signal directly detected by the driving module from the IGBT.
Further, the device also comprises a Hall sensor used for acquiring a current signal output by the servo driver.
Further, in the comparator module:
the first comparator comprises a first operational amplifier U1A and a second operational amplifier U1B, the comparison stage of the first operational amplifier U1A is used as a positive input end, the reference stage is connected with a 2.5V positive power supply through a twenty-fifth resistor R25, the output stage is connected with a twenty-eighth resistor R28, and the other end of the twenty-eighth resistor R28 is connected with the reference stage of the first operational amplifier U1A; the comparison stage of the second operational amplifier U1B is connected with a 2.5V forward power supply through a thirty-fourth resistor R30, the reference stage is used as a reverse input end, the output stage is connected with a thirty-fourth resistor R34, and the other end of the thirty-fourth resistor R34 is connected with the reference stage of the second operational amplifier U1B; the output stages of the first and second operational amplifiers are simultaneously connected with a twenty-third resistor R23, and the other end of the twenty-third resistor R23 is used as an input signal of an enabling module;
the second comparator comprises a third operational amplifier U3A and a fourth operational amplifier U3B, the comparison stage of the third operational amplifier U3A is used as a positive input end, the reference stage is connected with a 2.5V positive power supply through a fifth resistor R5, the output stage is connected with an eighth resistor R8, and the other end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected with the reference stage of the third operational amplifier U3A; the comparison stage of the fourth operational amplifier U3B is connected with a 2.5V forward power supply through a tenth resistor R10, the reference stage serves as a reverse input end, the output stage is connected with a fourteenth resistor R14, and the other end of the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected with the reference stage of the fourth operational amplifier U3B; and the output stages of the third and fourth operational amplifiers are simultaneously connected with a third resistor R3, and the other end of the third resistor R3 is used as an input signal of the optical coupling module.
Further, in the three-phase signal input module:
the three signal input ends are connected with a rectifier diode group, the diode group comprises two diodes, wherein the anode of the first diode is connected with the signal input end, and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the signal input end;
the anodes of the diodes with the three cathodes connected with the signal input end and a second resistor R2 are connected with a comparison stage of a third operational amplifier U3A, one end of the second resistor R2 connected with the signal input end is grounded through a fourth resistor R4, the other end of the second resistor R3526 is simultaneously connected with a fifth capacitor C5 and a sixth resistor R6, the other end of the fifth capacitor C5 is grounded, and the other end of the sixth resistor R6 is grounded through a seventh resistor R7; the anodes of the diodes with the three cathodes connected with the signal input end are also connected with a comparison stage of a first operational amplifier U1A through a first resistor R1, one end of the first resistor R1 connected with the signal input end is grounded through a twenty-fourth resistor R24, the other end of the first resistor R1 is simultaneously connected with a first capacitor C1 and a twenty-sixth resistor R26, the other end of the first capacitor C1 is grounded, and the other end of the twenty-sixth resistor R26 is grounded through a twenty-seventh resistor R27;
the cathodes of the three diodes with the anodes connected with the signal input end are connected with the reference level of a fourth operational amplifier U3B through a twelfth resistor R12, one end of the twelfth resistor R12 connected with the signal input end is grounded through a thirteenth resistor R13, the other end of the twelfth resistor R12 is simultaneously connected with a sixth capacitor C6 and an eleventh resistor R11, the other end of the sixth capacitor C6 is grounded, and the other end of the eleventh resistor R11 is connected with a 5V positive power supply through a ninth resistor R9; the negative electrodes of the three diodes with the positive electrodes connected with the signal input end are also connected with the reference stage of a second operational amplifier U1B through a thirty-second resistor R32, one end of the thirty-second resistor R32 connected with the signal input end is grounded through a thirty-third resistor R33, the other end of the thirty-second resistor R32 is simultaneously connected with a second capacitor C2 and a thirty-first resistor R31, the other end of the second capacitor C2 is grounded, and the other end of the thirty-first resistor R31 is connected with a 5V forward power supply through a twenty-ninth resistor R29.
Further, the enabling module includes a second bus driver U2, which includes first to fourteenth pins, wherein:
the second pin, the ninth pin and the thirteenth pin are grounded in parallel through a thirty-eighth resistor R38, a thirty-ninth resistor R39 and a forty-fourth resistor R40 respectively; meanwhile, the second pin receives a reverse gate control signal through a thirty-fifth resistor R35, and the ninth pin receives a forward gate control signal through a thirty-sixth resistor R36; the twelfth pin receives a low level signal of the first comparator through a seventeenth resistor R37; the first pin, the fourth pin and the ten pin are connected with the eleventh pin; the seventh pin is grounded; the third pin and the eighth pin are respectively grounded in parallel through a fourth eleventh resistor R41 and a forty-second resistor R42 and are used as reverse and forward high-resistance state signal output ends respectively; and the fourteenth pin is connected with parallel capacitors C3 and C4, the near pin of the parallel capacitors is connected with a 5V positive power supply, and the other end of the parallel capacitors is grounded.
Further, the optical coupling module comprises an optical coupler U4, which includes first to fourth pins, wherein:
the first pin is connected with a 5V positive power supply, the second pin is used for receiving a low level signal of the second comparator, the third pin is used as a high level signal output end, and the fourth pin is connected with a 16V positive power supply.
Further, the driving module includes a fourth serial diode D4, a fifth serial diode D5, and a fifth driving chip U5, the fifth driving chip U5 includes first to sixteenth pins, the parallel diode is a diode with two cathodes connected in series, and includes two anode ports and one serial port, wherein:
the first pin and the fourth pin are grounded in parallel, the second pin is connected with parallel capacitors C11 and C12, the near pin of the parallel capacitors is connected with a 5V positive power supply, and the other end of the parallel capacitors is grounded; the fifth pin and the eighth pin are connected in parallel and are connected with the sixth pin and the seventh pin through a ninth capacitor C9, the eighteenth resistor R18 is connected in parallel at two ends of a ninth capacitor C9, meanwhile, the fifth pin and the eighth pin are connected in parallel and serve as a forward high-impedance state signal input end through a twentieth resistor R20, and the sixth pin and the seventh pin are connected in parallel and serve as a reverse high-impedance state signal input end; the ninth pin, the tenth pin and the twelfth pin are connected with a-8V reverse power supply in parallel; the thirteenth pin is simultaneously connected with a 16V forward power supply and one end of a thirteenth capacitor C13, and the other end of the thirteenth capacitor C13 is connected with a-8V reverse power supply; the eleventh pin is simultaneously connected with a nineteenth resistor R19 and a twenty-first resistor R21, the other end of the nineteenth resistor R19 is connected with an anode port of a fifth series diode D5, and the other port of the whole device is connected with a 16V forward power supply; the other end of the twenty-first resistor R21 is simultaneously connected with the series port of the fifth series diode D5, a twenty-second resistor R22 and a tenth capacitor C10, the other ends of the twenty-second resistor R22 and the tenth capacitor C10 are grounded, and the other end of the twenty-first resistor R21 is used as a reverse signal output end of the driving module; the sixteenth pin is grounded; the fourteenth pin is simultaneously connected with two anode ports of a seventh capacitor C7, an eighth capacitor C8 and a fourth series diode D4, and the series end of the fourth series diode D4 and the other ends of the seventh and eighth capacitors are connected to the ground in parallel; two positive terminals of the fourth series diode D4 are connected in parallel with a fifteenth resistor R15 and a seventeenth resistor R17; the other end of the fifteenth resistor R15 is used as a high-level signal input end of the optical coupling module, and the other end of the seventeenth resistor R17 is simultaneously connected with the sixteenth resistor R16 and the cathode of the third diode D3; the other end of the sixteenth resistor R16 is connected with a 16V forward power supply, and the anode of the third diode D3 is used as a detection signal input end of the driving module.
Further, the second bus driver U2 is model SN74LV125ADR, which has an enabling function, and when the input electric signal LOCK2 is a low level signal, the output is in a high impedance state; the model of the fifth driving chip U5 is ACPL-333J, and the fifth driving chip U5 has a soft turn-off function.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the IGBT overcurrent turn-off stage protection circuit of the servo motor driver, a pure hardware circuit is adopted, an electric signal does not need to be input into a processor (a control chip), the time for processing the signal by the processor is saved, and the overall reaction time of the circuit is reduced; meanwhile, the pure hardware circuit has no problem that the shutdown is invalid due to the fact that the processor breaks down due to self failure;
(2) the comparator module is adopted to process the current signals, so that the circuit is not influenced by current directions, whether the current signals exceed a preset range can be accurately judged under the condition of different current directions, and corresponding electric signals are generated to the next functional module to complete the turn-off of the IGBT;
(3) the driving module has a soft turn-off function, but the invention introduces the compared signal into a Vce detection pin of the driving module, expands a trigger source of soft turn-off judgment on the basis of traditional voltage detection by utilizing current detection, realizes the turn-off judgment of the IGBT under different circuit conditions, and avoids the problem that the traditional IGBT is turned off only by considering voltage detection and neglects the driver fault caused by abnormal current under partial conditions;
(4) by adopting a grading processing mode, when the current exceeds a first preset range (the current exceeds the standard but the hard turn-off does not generate excessive surge voltage), the IGBT protection servo driver is turned off in the shortest time by adopting the hard turn-off, and when the current exceeds a second preset range (the current exceeds the standard but the hard turn-off generates larger surge voltage), the IGBT protection servo driver is turned off in the shortest time by adopting the soft turn-off under the condition of ensuring that the servo driver is not damaged by the surge voltage;
(5) through the opto-coupler module, realize that the electrical apparatus keeps apart, under the circumstances of guaranteeing signal transmission, avoid drive module to be destroyed by too big signal of telecommunication.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a servo driver IGBT overcurrent turn-off stage protection circuit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a servo driver IGBT overcurrent turn-off stage protection circuit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a comparator module;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase signal input module;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an enable module circuit;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an optocoupler module circuit;
fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of the driving module.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Example one
In order to solve the problem that the step-off can not be performed according to the actual current output of the servo driver in the prior art, and simultaneously avoid the inevitable signal delay of the electric signal processing by a processor when the traditional IGBT is in the overcurrent turn-off state, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the invention provides a step-off protection circuit for the IGBT overcurrent turn-off of the servo driver, which comprises a main controller, a three-phase signal input module, a comparator module, an enabling module, an optocoupler module and a driving module, wherein:
the three-phase signal input module is used for receiving a current signal of the servo driver and outputting the current signal to two input ends of the comparator module;
the comparator module comprises a first comparator and a second comparator, and is used for respectively outputting electric signals LOCK2 and LOCK1 according to the current signal, and when the current signal exceeds a first preset range, LOCK2 output by the first comparator is a low-level signal to the signal input end of the enabling module; when the current signal exceeds a second preset range, the LOCK1 output by the second comparator is a low-level signal and is transmitted to the signal input end of the optical coupling module;
the main controller is used for receiving the electric signal from the comparator module to obtain a gate control signal and obtaining the turn-off state of the IGBT according to the gate control signal;
the enabling module is used for outputting a high-resistance state signal to the driving module when the LOCK2 of the first comparator is received as a low level signal, and controlling the enabling module to operate according to the received gate control signal;
the optical coupling module is used for being conducted when the LOCK1 of the second comparator is received as a low level signal, and outputting a high level signal to the driving module;
the driving module is used for stopping signal output to the IGBT when receiving the high-resistance state signal so as to realize hard turn-off; when a high-level signal is received, after the blanking time is preset, the signal output to the IGBT is stopped, and soft turn-off is realized.
In order to realize the functions and solve the problem that the current of the medium-high power servo driver is difficult to detect in the prior art, the circuit also comprises a Hall sensor which is used for detecting and acquiring a three-phase current signal output by the servo driver. The three-phase current signals comprise U-phase, V-phase and W-phase current signals and are a group of three-phase alternating currents with equal amplitude, equal frequency and 120-degree phase difference.
After detecting the UVW three-phase alternating current, inputting the UVW three-phase alternating current to a comparator module through a three-phase signal input module, where, in the comparator module, as shown in fig. 3:
the first comparator comprises a first operational amplifier U1A and a second operational amplifier U1B, the comparison stage of the first operational amplifier U1A is used as a positive input end, the reference stage is connected with a 2.5V positive power supply through a twenty-fifth resistor R25, the output stage is connected with a twenty-eighth resistor R28, and the other end of the twenty-eighth resistor R28 is connected with the reference stage of the first operational amplifier U1A; the comparison stage of the second operational amplifier U1B is connected with a 2.5V forward power supply through a thirty-fourth resistor R30, the reference stage is used as a reverse input end, the output stage is connected with a thirty-fourth resistor R34, and the other end of the thirty-fourth resistor R34 is connected with the reference stage of the second operational amplifier U1B; the output stages of the first and second operational amplifiers are simultaneously connected with a twenty-third resistor R23, and the other end of the twenty-third resistor R23 is used as an input signal of an enabling module;
the second comparator comprises a third operational amplifier U3A and a fourth operational amplifier U3B, the comparison stage of the third operational amplifier U3A is used as a positive input end, the reference stage is connected with a 2.5V positive power supply through a fifth resistor R5, the output stage is connected with an eighth resistor R8, and the other end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected with the reference stage of the third operational amplifier U3A; the comparison stage of the fourth operational amplifier U3B is connected with a 2.5V forward power supply through a tenth resistor R10, the reference stage serves as a reverse input end, the output stage is connected with a fourteenth resistor R14, and the other end of the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected with the reference stage of the fourth operational amplifier U3B; and the output stages of the third and fourth operational amplifiers are simultaneously connected with a third resistor R3, and the other end of the third resistor R3 is used as an input signal of the optical coupling module.
In the three-phase signal input module, as shown in fig. 4:
the three signal input ends are connected with a rectifier diode group, the diode group comprises two diodes, wherein the anode of the first diode is connected with the signal input end, and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the signal input end;
the anodes of the diodes with the three cathodes connected with the signal input end and a second resistor R2 are connected with a comparison stage of a third operational amplifier U3A, one end of the second resistor R2 connected with the signal input end is grounded through a fourth resistor R4, the other end of the second resistor R3526 is simultaneously connected with a fifth capacitor C5 and a sixth resistor R6, the other end of the fifth capacitor C5 is grounded, and the other end of the sixth resistor R6 is grounded through a seventh resistor R7; the anodes of the diodes with the three cathodes connected with the signal input end are also connected with a comparison stage of a first operational amplifier U1A through a first resistor R1, one end of the first resistor R1 connected with the signal input end is grounded through a twenty-fourth resistor R24, the other end of the first resistor R1 is simultaneously connected with a first capacitor C1 and a twenty-sixth resistor R26, the other end of the first capacitor C1 is grounded, and the other end of the twenty-sixth resistor R26 is grounded through a twenty-seventh resistor R27;
the cathodes of the three diodes with the anodes connected with the signal input end are connected with the reference level of a fourth operational amplifier U3B through a twelfth resistor R12, one end of the twelfth resistor R12 connected with the signal input end is grounded through a thirteenth resistor R13, the other end of the twelfth resistor R12 is simultaneously connected with a sixth capacitor C6 and an eleventh resistor R11, the other end of the sixth capacitor C6 is grounded, and the other end of the eleventh resistor R11 is connected with a 5V positive power supply through a ninth resistor R9; the negative electrodes of the three diodes with the positive electrodes connected with the signal input end are also connected with the reference stage of a second operational amplifier U1B through a thirty-second resistor R32, one end of the thirty-second resistor R32 connected with the signal input end is grounded through a thirty-third resistor R33, the other end of the thirty-second resistor R32 is simultaneously connected with a second capacitor C2 and a thirty-first resistor R31, the other end of the second capacitor C2 is grounded, and the other end of the thirty-first resistor R31 is connected with a 5V forward power supply through a twenty-ninth resistor R29.
Through the first and second comparators, when the first comparator detects that the current signal exceeds the first preset range, the electric signal LOCK2 is sent to the enabling module, and when the second comparator detects that the current signal exceeds the second preset range, the electric signal LOCK1 is sent to the optical coupling module. Through the step processing of the comparator module, when the current exceeds a first preset range (the current exceeds the standard but the hard turn-off cannot generate overlarge surge voltage), the hard turn-off is adopted, the IGBT protection servo driver can be turned off in the shortest time, and when the current exceeds a second preset range (the current exceeds the standard but the hard turn-off can generate large surge voltage), the soft turn-off is adopted, the situation that the servo driver is not damaged by the surge voltage is ensured, and the IGBT is turned off in the shortest time.
Meanwhile, the comparator module is adopted to process the current signals, and the current signals in different directions are respectively processed through U1A, U1B, U3A and U3B, so that the circuit is not influenced by the current direction, whether the current exceeds a preset range can be accurately judged under the condition of different current directions, and corresponding electric signals are generated to the next functional module to complete the turn-off of the IGBT.
The enabling module includes a second bus driver U2, which includes first to fourteenth pins, as shown in fig. 5:
the second pin, the ninth pin and the thirteenth pin are grounded in parallel through a thirty-eighth resistor R38, a thirty-ninth resistor R39 and a forty-fourth resistor R40 respectively; meanwhile, the second pin receives a reverse gate control signal through a thirty-fifth resistor R35, and the ninth pin receives a forward gate control signal through a thirty-sixth resistor R36; the twelfth pin receives a low level signal of the first comparator through a seventeenth resistor R37; the first pin, the fourth pin and the ten pin are connected with the eleventh pin; the seventh pin is grounded; the third pin and the eighth pin are respectively grounded in parallel through a fourth eleventh resistor R41 and a forty-second resistor R42 and are used as reverse and forward high-resistance state signal output ends respectively; and the fourteenth pin is connected with parallel capacitors C3 and C4, the near pin of the parallel capacitors is connected with a 5V positive power supply, and the other end of the parallel capacitors is grounded.
Because the LOCK2 electrical signal is weak, the LOCK2 electrical signal is strengthened by outputting the PLOCK electrical signal through the eleventh pin of the second bus driver U2 back to the first, fourth and tenth pins of the LOCK. Meanwhile, the signal used by the chip is SN74LV125ADR, which has an enabling function, and when the input electric signal LOCK2 is a low-level signal, the output is in a high-impedance state no matter what the condition of the input signal is.
The optical coupling module comprises an optical coupler U4, which comprises a first pin, a second pin and a fourth pin, as shown in FIG. 6:
the first pin is connected with a 5V positive power supply, the second pin is used for receiving a low level signal of the second comparator, the third pin is used as a high level signal output end, and the fourth pin is connected with a 16V positive power supply.
When the LOCK1 signal received by the optocoupler module is a low level signal, the signal will turn on a light emitting diode in the optocoupler U4, and at this time, a triode on the isolation side of the optocoupler U4 is turned on, and a high level signal is output to the driving module through a third pin. Through this module, realized electrical apparatus isolation, under the circumstances of guaranteeing signal transmission, avoided drive module to be destroyed by too big signal of telecommunication.
The driving module includes a fourth serial diode D4, a fifth serial diode D5, and a fifth driving chip U5, the fifth driving chip U5 includes first to sixteenth pins, the parallel diode is a diode with two cathodes connected in series, and includes two anode ports and one serial port, as shown in fig. 7:
the first pin and the fourth pin are grounded in parallel, the second pin is connected with parallel capacitors C11 and C12, the near pin of the parallel capacitors is connected with a 5V positive power supply, and the other end of the parallel capacitors is grounded; the fifth pin and the eighth pin are connected in parallel and are connected with the sixth pin and the seventh pin through a ninth capacitor C9, the eighteenth resistor R18 is connected in parallel at two ends of a ninth capacitor C9, meanwhile, the fifth pin and the eighth pin are connected in parallel and serve as a forward high-impedance state signal input end through a twentieth resistor R20, and the sixth pin and the seventh pin are connected in parallel and serve as a reverse high-impedance state signal input end; the ninth pin, the tenth pin and the twelfth pin are connected with a-8V reverse power supply in parallel; the thirteenth pin is simultaneously connected with a 16V forward power supply and one end of a thirteenth capacitor C13, and the other end of the thirteenth capacitor C13 is connected with a-8V reverse power supply; the eleventh pin is simultaneously connected with a nineteenth resistor R19 and a twenty-first resistor R21, the other end of the nineteenth resistor R19 is connected with an anode port of a fifth series diode D5, and the other port of the whole device is connected with a 16V forward power supply; the other end of the twenty-first resistor R21 is simultaneously connected with the series port of the fifth series diode D5, a twenty-second resistor R22 and a tenth capacitor C10, the other ends of the twenty-second resistor R22 and the tenth capacitor C10 are grounded, and the other end of the twenty-first resistor R21 is used as a reverse signal output end of the driving module; the sixteenth pin is grounded; the fourteenth pin is simultaneously connected with two anode ports of a seventh capacitor C7, an eighth capacitor C8 and a fourth series diode D4, and the series end of the fourth series diode D4 and the other ends of the seventh and eighth capacitors are connected to the ground in parallel; two positive terminals of the fourth series diode D4 are connected in parallel with a fifteenth resistor R15 and a seventeenth resistor R17; the other end of the fifteenth resistor R15 is used as a high-level signal input end of the optical coupling module, and the other end of the seventeenth resistor R17 is simultaneously connected with the sixteenth resistor R16 and the cathode of the third diode D3; the other end of the sixteenth resistor R16 is connected with a 16V forward power supply, and the anode of the third diode D3 is used as a detection signal input end of the driving module.
The driving chip U5 receives the electrical signal sent by the enable module through five to eight pins, and when the signal is a high impedance signal, the eleventh pin stops outputting, thereby implementing a hard turn-off function. Meanwhile, the driving chip receives an electric signal of an upper bridge of the optical coupling module IGBT through a fourteenth pin (Vce detection pin), when the electric signal is a high-level signal, after preset blanking time, a soft turn-off function of the chip is triggered, the IGBT is in a 3-time overcurrent state, under the soft turn-off processing, the surge voltage of the turn-off voltage Vce is in a controllable range, the IGBT is effectively protected, and overvoltage damage is prevented.
The driving chip U5ACPL-333J has a soft turn-off function, but can only detect VCE of the IGBT, and when the VCE exceeds a threshold value, the soft turn-off function is started, but the invention also introduces a compared signal into a Vce detection pin of the driving module, utilizes current detection, expands a trigger source of soft turn-off judgment on the basis of traditional voltage detection, realizes the turn-off judgment of the IGBT under different circuit conditions, and avoids the driver fault caused by current abnormality, which is caused by the fact that the traditional IGBT is turned off and voltage detection is singly considered, and partial voltage is normal under the condition that the traditional IGBT is turned off and voltage detection is neglected.
According to the IGBT overcurrent turn-off stage protection circuit of the servo motor driver, a pure hardware circuit is adopted, an electric signal does not need to be input into a processor (a control chip), the time for processing the signal by the processor is saved, and the overall reaction time of the circuit is reduced; meanwhile, the pure hardware circuit has no problem that the shutdown is invalid due to the fact that the processor breaks down when failing.
Example two
In order to better understand the circuit of the present invention, the present embodiment takes W phase as an example to describe the circuit, and as shown in fig. 3 to fig. 7, a servo driver IGBT overcurrent shutdown stage protection circuit is provided.
When the servo driver is short-circuited, the hall sensor detects a real-time sudden current, and the hall sensor outputs a WI-IGBT signal, that is, a current signal (current detection signal) to the W-phase IGBT. The signal is rectified by the rectifying diode group D2A and sent to the comparator module.
When the current signal exceeds a first preset range (i.e., exceeds an upper limit or a lower limit threshold, which is a hard shutdown setting threshold), the LOCK2 signal output by the first comparator is a low level signal, at this time, the second bus driver U2 receives the level signal, and when the LOCK2 signal is low, no matter the input signal condition, the bus driver U2 outputs a high impedance state, so that the driver chip U5 stops outputting, and the W-phase IGBT is turned off, thereby completing a hard shutdown operation. And meanwhile, a LOCK2 signal is submitted to the main controller, and the main controller judges the hard turn-off state of the IGBT according to the LOCK2 signal and feeds back the hard turn-off state to the second bus driver U2 to adjust the working state (the IGBT turn-off U2 stops outputting a high-resistance state).
When the current signal exceeds a second preset range (namely exceeds an upper limit or a lower limit threshold value, which is a soft turn-off setting threshold value), and the LOCK1 signal output by the second comparator is a low level signal, the optocoupler U4 is turned on, a forward 16V power supply (high level signal) is input to the fourteenth pin of the driver chip U5 through the fifteenth resistor R15, and after a preset blanking time, the soft turn-off function of the driver chip U5 is turned on. At the moment, the IGBT is in a 3-time overcurrent state, and under the soft turn-off process, the surge voltage of the turn-off voltage Vce is in a controllable range, so that the IGBT is effectively protected. And meanwhile, the LOCK1 signal is submitted to the main controller, and the main controller judges the soft turn-off state of the IGBT according to the LOCK1 signal.
According to the IGBT overcurrent turn-off stage protection circuit of the servo motor driver, a pure hardware circuit is adopted, an electric signal does not need to be input into a processor (a control chip), the time for processing the signal by the processor is saved, and the overall reaction time of the circuit is reduced; meanwhile, the pure hardware circuit has no problem that the shutdown is invalid due to the fact that the processor breaks down due to self failure;
the comparator module is adopted to process the current signals, so that the circuit is not influenced by current directions, whether the current signals exceed a preset range can be accurately judged under the condition of different current directions, and corresponding electric signals are generated to the next functional module to complete the turn-off of the IGBT;
the driving module has a soft turn-off function, but the invention introduces the compared signal into a Vce detection pin of the driving module, expands a trigger source of soft turn-off judgment on the basis of traditional voltage detection by utilizing current detection, realizes the turn-off judgment of the IGBT under different circuit conditions, and avoids the problem that the traditional IGBT is turned off only by considering voltage detection and neglects the driver fault caused by abnormal current under partial conditions;
by adopting a grading processing mode, when the current exceeds a first preset range (the current exceeds the standard but the hard turn-off does not generate excessive surge voltage), the IGBT protection servo driver is turned off in the shortest time by adopting the hard turn-off, and when the current exceeds a second preset range (the current exceeds the standard but the hard turn-off generates larger surge voltage), the IGBT protection servo driver is turned off in the shortest time by adopting the soft turn-off under the condition of ensuring that the servo driver is not damaged by the surge voltage;
through the opto-coupler module, realize that the electrical apparatus keeps apart, under the circumstances of guaranteeing signal transmission, avoid drive module to be destroyed by too big signal of telecommunication.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a servo driver IGBT overcurrent shutoff hierarchical protection circuit which characterized in that, includes main control unit, three-phase signal input module, comparator module, enables module, opto-coupler module and drive module, wherein:
the three-phase signal input module is used for receiving a current signal of the servo driver and outputting the current signal to two input ends of the comparator module;
the comparator module comprises a first comparator and a second comparator, and is used for respectively outputting a second electric signal (LOCK2) and a first electric signal (LOCK1) according to the current signal, and when the current signal exceeds a first preset range, the second electric signal output by the first comparator is a low-level signal and is sent to the signal input end of the enabling module; when the current signal exceeds a second preset range, a first point signal output by the second comparator is a low-level signal and is transmitted to a signal input end of the optical coupling module;
the main controller is used for receiving the electric signal from the comparator module to obtain a gate control signal and obtaining the turn-off state of the IGBT according to the gate control signal;
the enabling module is used for outputting a high-resistance state signal to the driving module when the second electric signal received by the first comparator is a low-level signal, and controlling the enabling module to operate according to the received gate control signal;
the optical coupling module is used for conducting when the first electric signal received by the second comparator is a low-level signal, and outputting a high-level signal to the driving module;
the driving module is used for stopping signal output to the IGBT when receiving the high-resistance state signal so as to realize hard turn-off; when a high-level signal is received, after the blanking time is preset, the signal output to the IGBT is stopped, and soft turn-off is realized.
2. The servo driver IGBT overcurrent shutdown grading protection circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high level signal further comprises a detection signal directly detected by the drive module from the IGBT.
3. The servo driver IGBT overcurrent shutdown grading protection circuit as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a Hall sensor for acquiring three-phase current signals output by the servo driver.
4. The servo driver IGBT overcurrent turn-off classification protection circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the comparator module:
the first comparator comprises a first operational amplifier (U1A) and a second operational amplifier (U1B), wherein the comparison stage of the first operational amplifier is used as a positive input end, the reference stage is connected with a preset first positive power supply through a twenty-fifth resistor, the output stage is connected with a twenty-eighth resistor, and the other end of the twenty-eighth resistor is connected with the reference stage of the first operational amplifier; the comparison stage of the second operational amplifier is connected with a preset first forward power supply through a thirty-fourth resistor, the reference stage serves as a reverse input end, the output stage is connected with a thirty-fourth resistor, and the other end of the thirty-fourth resistor is connected with the reference stage of the second operational amplifier; the output stages of the first operational amplifier and the second operational amplifier are simultaneously connected with a twenty-third resistor, and the other end of the twenty-third resistor is used as an input signal of an enabling module;
the second comparator comprises a third operational amplifier (U3A) and a fourth operational amplifier (U3B), wherein the comparison stage of the third operational amplifier is used as a positive input end, the reference stage is connected with a preset first positive power supply through a fifth resistor, the output stage is connected with an eighth resistor, and the other end of the eighth resistor is connected with the reference stage of the third operational amplifier; the comparison stage of the fourth operational amplifier is connected with a preset first forward power supply through a tenth resistor, the reference stage serves as a reverse input end, the output stage is connected with a fourteenth resistor, and the other end of the fourteenth resistor is connected with the reference stage of the fourth operational amplifier; and the output stages of the third and fourth operational amplifiers are simultaneously connected with a third resistor, and the other end of the third resistor is used as an input signal of the optical coupling module.
5. The servo driver IGBT overcurrent turn-off classification protection circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 4, wherein the three-phase signal input module is provided with:
the three signal input ends are connected with a rectifier diode group, the diode group comprises two diodes, wherein the anode of the first diode is connected with the signal input end, and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the signal input end;
the anodes of the diodes with the three cathodes connected with the signal input end and a second resistor are connected with a comparison stage of a third operational amplifier, one end of the second resistor connected with the signal input end is grounded through a fourth resistor, the other end of the second resistor is simultaneously connected with a fifth capacitor and a sixth resistor, the other end of the fifth capacitor is grounded, and the other end of the sixth resistor is grounded through a seventh resistor; the anodes of the diodes with the three cathodes connected with the signal input end are also connected with a comparison stage of a first operational amplifier through first resistors, one end of each first resistor connected with the signal input end is grounded through a twenty-fourth resistor, the other end of each first resistor is simultaneously connected with a first capacitor and a twenty-sixth resistor, the other end of each first capacitor is grounded, and the other end of each twenty-sixth resistor is grounded through a twenty-seventh resistor;
the negative electrodes of the diodes with the positive electrodes connected with the signal input end are connected with the reference level of the fourth operational amplifier through a twelfth resistor, one end of the twelfth resistor, which is connected with the signal input end, is grounded through a thirteenth resistor, the other end of the twelfth resistor is simultaneously connected with a sixth capacitor and an eleventh resistor, the other end of the sixth capacitor is grounded, and the other end of the eleventh resistor is connected with a preset second forward power supply through a ninth resistor; the negative electrodes of the diodes with the three positive electrodes connected with the signal input end are also connected with the reference level of the second operational amplifier through a thirty-second resistor, one end of the thirty-second resistor connected with the signal input end is grounded through a thirty-third resistor, the other end of the thirty-second resistor is simultaneously connected with a second capacitor and a thirty-first resistor, the other end of the second capacitor is grounded, and the other end of the thirty-first resistor is connected with a preset second forward power supply through a twenty-ninth resistor.
6. The servo driver IGBT overcurrent shutdown grading protection circuit as recited in claim 1, wherein the enabling module comprises a second bus driver (U2) having first through fourteenth pins, wherein:
the second pin, the ninth pin and the thirteenth pin are grounded in parallel through a thirty-eighth resistor, a thirty-ninth resistor and a forty-fourth resistor respectively; meanwhile, the second pin receives a reverse gate control signal through a thirty-fifth resistor, and the ninth pin receives a forward gate control signal through a thirty-sixth resistor; the twelfth pin receives a low level signal of the first comparator through the seventeenth resistor; the first pin, the fourth pin and the ten pin are connected with the eleventh pin; the seventh pin is grounded; the third pin and the eighth pin are grounded in parallel through a forty-first resistor and a forty-second resistor respectively and are used as reverse and forward high-resistance state signal output ends respectively; and the fourteenth pin is connected with a third capacitor and a fourth capacitor which are connected in parallel, the end of the parallel capacitor close to the pin is connected with a preset second forward power supply, and the other end of the parallel capacitor is grounded.
7. The servo motor driver IGBT overcurrent shutdown grading protection circuit as recited in claim 1, wherein the optocoupler module comprises an optocoupler (U4) having first to fourth pins, wherein:
the first pin is connected with a preset second forward power supply, the second pin is used for receiving a low level signal of the second comparator, the third pin serves as a high level signal output end, and the fourth pin is connected with a preset third forward power supply.
8. The IGBT overcurrent shutdown grading protection circuit of any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the driving module comprises a fourth series diode (D4), a fifth series diode (D5), and a fifth driving chip (U5), the fifth driving chip comprises a first pin, a second pin, a sixteenth pin, and the parallel diode is a diode with two cathodes connected in series, and comprises two anode ports and one series port, wherein:
the first pin and the fourth pin are grounded in parallel, the second pin is connected with an eleventh capacitor and a twelfth capacitor which are connected in parallel, the proximity pin of the parallel capacitor is connected with a preset second positive power supply, and the other end of the parallel capacitor is grounded; the fifth pin and the eighth pin are connected in parallel and are connected with the sixth pin and the seventh pin through a ninth capacitor, the eighteenth resistor is connected in parallel at two ends of the ninth capacitor, meanwhile, the fifth pin and the eighth pin are connected in parallel and serve as a forward high-resistance state signal input end through a twentieth resistor, and the sixth pin and the seventh pin are connected in parallel and serve as a reverse high-resistance state signal input end; the ninth pin, the tenth pin and the twelfth pin are connected in parallel with a preset first reverse power supply; the thirteenth pin is simultaneously connected with a preset third forward power supply and one end of a thirteenth capacitor, and the other end of the thirteenth capacitor is connected with a preset first reverse power supply; the eleventh pin is simultaneously connected with a nineteenth resistor and a twenty-first resistor, the other end of the nineteenth resistor is connected with an anode port of a fifth series diode, and the other port of the whole device is connected with a preset third forward power supply; the other end of the twenty-first resistor is simultaneously connected with a serial port of a fifth serial diode, a twenty-second resistor and a tenth capacitor, the other ends of the twenty-second resistor and the tenth capacitor are grounded, and meanwhile, the other end of the twenty-first resistor is used as a reverse signal output end of the driving module; the sixteenth pin is grounded; the fourteenth pin is simultaneously connected with a seventh capacitor, an eighth capacitor and two anode ports of a fourth series diode, and the series end of the fourth series diode, the other ends of the seventh capacitor and the eighth capacitor are grounded in parallel; two positive electrode ports of the fourth series diode are connected in parallel and are simultaneously connected with a fifteenth resistor and a seventeenth resistor; the other end of the fifteenth resistor is used as a high-level signal input end of the optical coupling module, and the other end of the seventeenth resistor is simultaneously connected with a sixteenth resistor and the cathode of a third diode; the other end of the sixteenth resistor is connected with a preset third forward power supply, and the anode of the third diode is used as the detection signal input end of the driving module.
9. The IGBT overcurrent turn-off grading protection circuit of the servo motor driver as claimed in any one of claims 6 or 8, wherein the second bus driver is SN74LV125ADR, and has an enabling function, and when the input second electric signal is a low-level signal, the output is in a high-resistance state; the model of the fifth driving chip is ACPL-333J, and the fifth driving chip has a soft turn-off function.
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