CN111370794A - Method for releasing electric quantity of lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Method for releasing electric quantity of lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111370794A
CN111370794A CN202010197923.6A CN202010197923A CN111370794A CN 111370794 A CN111370794 A CN 111370794A CN 202010197923 A CN202010197923 A CN 202010197923A CN 111370794 A CN111370794 A CN 111370794A
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China
Prior art keywords
lithium ion
ion battery
conductive medium
medium powder
container
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CN202010197923.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张庆涛
王广洲
司永辉
翟伟昌
郎学森
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Henan Xiaowei Environment Technology Co ltd
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Henan Xiaowei Environment Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202010197923.6A priority Critical patent/CN111370794A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for releasing the electric quantity of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the steps of fully paving conductive medium powder with preset humidity at the bottom of a container; mixing a lithium ion battery to be treated with conductive medium powder with preset humidity, and adding the mixture into a container; adding conductive medium powder with preset humidity into the upper part of the container to form a covering layer, ensuring that the lithium ion batteries are wrapped by the conductive medium powder, and filling gaps among the lithium ion batteries; and applying pressure with preset pressure intensity to the material in the container, releasing the pressure after keeping the preset duration, and discharging the lithium ion battery under the standing condition. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the discharge efficiency can be improved, pollution can be avoided, and the method is safe and economical.

Description

Method for releasing electric quantity of lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste lithium battery treatment, in particular to a method for releasing electric quantity of a lithium ion battery.
Background
With the rapid development of electric automobiles, the market share of lithium ion batteries in power batteries is also rapidly increased, and the lithium ion batteries entering the market generally reach the design life within about 3-5 years and are eliminated. If the lithium ion battery is not treated and discarded at will, the heavy metals such as cobalt, nickel and the like in the lithium ion battery pollute soil and water from the aspect of ecological environment; in terms of resource safety, the raw material cost of the lithium ion battery accounts for 50% -70% of the total cost, cobalt, lithium, nickel, even copper, aluminum and iron in the lithium battery have higher recovery value, and in addition, the cobalt and nickel in China are poor in resources and have over 50% of external dependence, so if the resource can be recycled, the resource crisis of the country can be greatly relieved. Under the large background, the recovery treatment of the lithium ion battery has extremely high environmental protection value and economic value.
The recovery treatment of the lithium ion battery firstly needs large-scale collection, transportation and storage, and then the components are classified and treated in a centralized way through pretreatment such as crushing and screening. However, in the processes of transportation, storage and pretreatment crushing, the lithium ion battery is easy to explode and burn due to the residual electric quantity in the lithium ion battery, so that great potential safety hazards are caused.
At present, most domestic lithium ion treatment manufacturers adopt wet discharge, and a large number of batteries are placed in a saline solution to realize discharge, but the discharge speed of the method is low, generally about 10 days are needed, and the saline is easy to be polluted, so that the high water treatment cost is caused. Some technical schemes also adopt a dry-type discharge process, but a stable discharge loop cannot be formed, the discharge efficiency is low, and the discharge effect cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for releasing the electric quantity of a lithium ion battery, which not only improves the discharge efficiency, but also can avoid pollution, and is safe and economical.
One aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for releasing electric quantity of a lithium ion battery, including the following steps:
the bottom of the container is fully paved with conductive medium powder with preset humidity;
mixing a lithium ion battery to be treated with conductive medium powder with preset humidity, and adding the mixture into a container;
adding conductive medium powder with preset humidity into the upper part of the container to form a covering layer, ensuring that the lithium ion batteries are wrapped by the conductive medium powder, and filling gaps among the lithium ion batteries;
and applying pressure with preset pressure intensity to the material in the container, releasing the pressure after keeping the preset duration, and discharging the lithium ion battery under the standing condition.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
and (4) sieving the conductive medium powder and the lithium ion battery in the container when the lithium ion battery reaches a preset discharge time, and separating the conductive medium powder and the lithium ion battery.
Further, the conductive medium powder is regenerated graphite powder, commercial graphite powder, carbon black and/or hard carbon.
Further, the humidity of the conductive medium powder is 2% to 30%.
Furthermore, the volume ratio of the conductive medium powder to the lithium ion battery is 1:2 to 10: 1.
Furthermore, the preset pressure of the materials in the container is 1-10 Mpa.
Further, the preset time period for discharging the lithium ion battery is 20 to 60 minutes.
Further, the preset time period for discharging the lithium ion battery is 30 to 40 minutes.
Further, the lithium ion battery has a cylindrical or square shape.
Further, the thickness of the conductive medium powder at the bottom and the upper part of the container is 10 to 200 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the conductivity of the solid conductive medium powder is fully utilized, the stability of a conductive loop formed by the conductive medium powder is ensured by applying pressure to the material, the discharge efficiency of the waste lithium ion battery is greatly improved, and the discharge time is short.
2. Through the humidity that keeps the conductive medium powder, improved the specific surface area of conductive medium powder, increase the area of contact of conductive medium powder, guarantee the stability of conductive loop, the moisture that contains can absorb certain heat, alleviates the local overheat that causes among the quick discharge process, avoids the material to mix the period simultaneously, forms the raise dust, the powder pollution of avoiding.
3. The solid conductive medium powder has wide sources and low cost, can be negative electrode graphite powder (regenerated graphite powder) recovered from waste lithium ion batteries, can also be commercial graphite powder, carbon black and other conductive media, can realize the recycling of waste battery materials, saves resources, and can be recycled, thereby effectively saving the cost.
4. The process method is simple to operate, can complete the discharging process only by mixing, short-time pressure application, standing and other operations, has low energy consumption, and is beneficial to popularization and application.
5. The process method has no three wastes, is environment-friendly and has wide industrial application prospect.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the power release of the lithium ion battery in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a voltage variation graph of the discharge of the lithium ion battery in the embodiment of the present invention.
It is understood that the drawings only show some embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for a person skilled in the art to which it pertains, from which other related drawings can be derived without inventive effort.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The main idea of the technical scheme is that solid conductive medium powder is used as a discharge medium, after the waste lithium ion battery and the conductive medium powder are reasonably mixed, pressure is applied to the outside, gaps between the powder and between the powder and the battery are extruded, a stable external battery loop is formed, electric energy is converted into heat energy, the waste lithium ion battery is rapidly and safely discharged, the voltage of the waste lithium ion battery is rapidly reduced to be below 0.5V, and the safety of the waste lithium ion battery in the processes of transportation, storage and subsequent treatment is ensured. The adopted conductive medium powder has good chemical stability, and the battery can be quickly separated from the battery after being discharged and can be recycled. The integrity of the waste lithium ion battery can be kept after the waste lithium ion battery is discharged, the waste lithium ion battery with good integrity can be obtained after the waste lithium ion battery is filtered, and a conductive medium and the external environment cannot be polluted. The technical scheme enables residual electric quantity in the waste lithium ion battery to be quickly and safely released, avoids the defects of unstable external circuit formed by a discharge medium, low discharge efficiency, unstable discharge effect and the like in a general dry discharge process, and also avoids the adverse factors of easy generation of hydrogen, oxygen and the like, generated secondary pollution and the like in the traditional discharge method in saline solution.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the power release of the lithium ion battery in the embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the process of releasing the electric quantity of the lithium ion battery includes the following steps:
step 101, spreading conductive medium powder with the humidity of 2% to 30% at the bottom of the container, wherein the thickness of the conductive medium powder is 10 mm to 200 mm.
The conductive medium powder is at least one of regenerated graphite powder, commercial graphite powder, carbon black, hard carbon or other conductive media, preferably regenerated graphite powder or commercial graphite powder, most preferably graphite powder recovered from the waste lithium ion battery, namely regenerated graphite powder.
102, mixing the lithium ion battery to be treated with the conductive medium powder with the humidity of 2% to 30% above the conductive medium powder in the step 101, and adding the mixture into a container.
The lithium ion battery that can be processed may be cylindrical or square in shape. The volume ratio of the conductive medium powder to the lithium ion battery is 1:2 to 10:1, and for example, the volume ratio can be 1:2, 3:1, 4:1 or 10: 1.
103, adding conductive medium powder with the humidity of 2% to 30% on the upper part of the container, namely the mixture of the lithium ion battery and the conductive medium powder in the step 102, to form a covering layer, wherein the thickness of the covering layer is 10 mm to 200 mm, so that the lithium ion battery is wrapped by the conductive medium powder, and gaps among the lithium ion batteries are filled.
And step 104, starting a pressurizing device, applying pressure of 1-10Mpa to the material formed by the lithium ion battery and the conductive medium powder in the container, releasing the pressurizing device after keeping for 2 minutes, releasing the pressure, and discharging the lithium ion battery under the standing condition.
Under the action of external pressure, the stable connection between the conductive medium powder and between the conductive medium powder and the lithium ion battery can be ensured, no gap exists, and a stable conductive loop outside the battery is formed.
Meanwhile, the humidity of the conductive medium powder is 2% to 30%, the specific surface area of the conductive medium powder is increased, the contact area of the conductive medium powder is increased, the stability of a conductive loop is guaranteed, the contained moisture can absorb certain heat, local overheating caused in the rapid discharge process is relieved, and meanwhile, dust is prevented from being formed during material mixing.
And 105, discharging the lithium ion battery for 20 to 60 minutes, preferably 30 to 40 minutes, sieving the conductive medium powder and the lithium ion battery in the container, separating the conductive medium powder from the lithium ion battery, collecting and processing the separated lithium ion battery, and recovering graphite powder to be continuously used for discharging the waste lithium ion battery.
By adopting the above embodiment, the voltage change of the discharge of the waste lithium ion battery is shown in fig. 2, which shows that the voltage of a 18650 lithium ion battery with a residual voltage of 3.5V is reduced to 0.2-0.7V after the discharge.
In addition, as the conductivity of the solid conductive medium powder is fully utilized, the stability of a conductive loop formed by the conductive medium powder is ensured by applying pressure on the material, the discharge efficiency of the waste lithium ion battery is greatly improved, and the discharge time is short; the specific surface area of the conductive medium powder is improved, the contact area of the conductive medium powder is increased, the stability of a conductive loop is ensured, the contained water can absorb certain heat, the local overheating caused in the rapid discharge process is relieved, meanwhile, the dust formation during the material mixing period is avoided, and the powder pollution is avoided; the solid conductive medium powder has wide sources and low cost, can be negative graphite powder (regenerated graphite powder) recovered from waste lithium ion batteries, can also be commercial graphite powder, carbon black and other conductive media, and the like, can realize the recycling of waste battery materials, saves resources, and can be repeatedly used, thereby effectively saving the cost; the process method is simple to operate, the discharging process can be completed only by mixing, short-time pressure application, standing and other operations, the energy consumption is low, and the method is favorable for popularization and application; the process method has no three wastes, is environment-friendly and has wide industrial application prospect.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit the technical solutions, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: those skilled in the art can still make modifications or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutions of some technical features within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, and such modifications, changes or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be covered by the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method for releasing the electric quantity of a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the bottom of the container is fully paved with conductive medium powder with preset humidity;
mixing a lithium ion battery to be treated with conductive medium powder with preset humidity, and adding the mixture into a container;
adding conductive medium powder with preset humidity into the upper part of the container to form a covering layer, ensuring that the lithium ion batteries are wrapped by the conductive medium powder, and filling gaps among the lithium ion batteries;
and applying pressure with preset pressure intensity to the material in the container, releasing the pressure after keeping the preset duration, and discharging the lithium ion battery under the standing condition.
2. The method for discharging the electric quantity of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
and (4) sieving the conductive medium powder and the lithium ion battery in the container when the lithium ion battery reaches a preset discharge time, and separating the conductive medium powder and the lithium ion battery.
3. The method for releasing electric quantity of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the conductive medium powder is regenerated graphite powder, commercial graphite powder, carbon black and/or hard carbon.
4. The method for releasing electric quantity of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the humidity of the conductive medium powder is 2% to 30%.
5. The method for releasing electric quantity of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the conductive medium powder to the lithium ion battery is 1:2 to 10: 1.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined pressure is 1-10Mpa applied to the material inside the container.
7. The method for discharging the electric quantity of the lithium ion battery according to claim 2, wherein the preset time period for discharging the lithium ion battery is 20 to 60 minutes.
8. The method for discharging power of a lithium ion battery according to claim 7, wherein the preset time period for discharging the lithium ion battery is 30 to 40 minutes.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the lithium ion battery has an outer shape that is cylindrical or square.
10. The method for releasing electric quantity of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the conductive medium powder at the bottom and upper part of the container is 10 to 200 mm.
CN202010197923.6A 2020-03-19 2020-03-19 Method for releasing electric quantity of lithium ion battery Pending CN111370794A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112864486A (en) * 2021-01-13 2021-05-28 陈妹妹 Safe discharge method of waste lithium ion battery
WO2022151976A1 (en) * 2021-01-13 2022-07-21 陈妹妹 Safe and efficient discharging device for lithium-ion battery

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112864486A (en) * 2021-01-13 2021-05-28 陈妹妹 Safe discharge method of waste lithium ion battery
WO2022151976A1 (en) * 2021-01-13 2022-07-21 陈妹妹 Safe and efficient discharging device for lithium-ion battery
WO2022151975A1 (en) * 2021-01-13 2022-07-21 陈妹妹 Safe discharging method for waste lithium-ion battery
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Application publication date: 20200703