CN111369294A - Software cost estimation method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a software cost estimation method and a device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a requirement specification; determining each title in the requirement specification and the description content of each title; determining at least one function keyword in the explanatory contents of each title; determining the type of each functional keyword based on each functional keyword and the title to which each functional keyword belongs; and calculating the cost estimation value of the software project corresponding to the requirement specification based on the type of each function keyword in the requirement specification and the total number of the function keywords. The software cost estimation method and the software cost estimation device can improve the calculation efficiency of the software cost estimation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computers, in particular to a software cost estimation method and device.
Background
The software cost estimation is to measure the scale of the software by quantifying the system function and the logic design of the system from the user perspective, and further estimate the cost of the software. Among them, the function point scale measurement method has been widely applied internationally, and has replaced code line to become the most mainstream software scale measurement method. The method is suitable for various application scenes such as software cost estimation and the like, and provides quantitative guidance for software cost budget, bidding, software project planning, software cost settlement, software process data acquisition and the like.
In the related art, the software cost estimation is based on splitting and calculating the content in the requirement specification manually, however, the splitting and calculating of the content in the requirement specification manually is inefficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a software cost estimation method and device, and aims to solve the problem that the efficiency of manually splitting and calculating the content of a requirement specification is low in the related technology.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is realized as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a software cost estimation method, where the method includes:
acquiring a requirement specification;
determining each title in the requirement specification and the description content of each title;
determining at least one function keyword in the explanatory contents of each title;
determining the type of each functional keyword based on each functional keyword and the title to which each functional keyword belongs;
and calculating the cost estimation value of the software project corresponding to the requirement specification based on the type of each function keyword in the requirement specification and the total number of the function keywords.
Further, the step of determining at least one function keyword in the explanatory contents of each title includes:
performing sentence splitting operation on the description content of each title to obtain at least one description sentence, wherein each description sentence is positioned between two segmentation marks, and each segmentation mark comprises a punctuation mark and a separator;
and performing semantic analysis on each explanatory sentence to obtain at least one functional keyword in the explanatory content of each title.
Further, the step of performing semantic analysis on each explanatory sentence respectively includes:
identifying a sentence type of each explanatory sentence;
determining verbs in the declarative sentences and determining a governed object in each declarative sentence based on the verbs and the sentence type;
determining a function keyword of each explanatory sentence according to the verb and the dominated object.
Further, the step of determining a type of each function keyword based on each function keyword and a title to which the each function keyword belongs includes:
performing semantic analysis on each title to obtain meaning information of each title;
determining the type of the target function keyword based on the target function keyword and the target meaning information, wherein the target function keyword is any one function keyword in the requirement specification, and the target meaning information is the meaning information of a title to which the target meaning information belongs.
The step of determining the titles in the requirement specification and the description content of each title comprises:
acquiring characteristic information of each line of characters in the requirement specification;
determining each title in the requirement specification based on the characteristic information of each line of characters, wherein the characteristic information comprises at least one of the font, the color, the font size, the thickness, the underline, the inclination and the arrangement format of the characters;
and taking the description content between two adjacent titles as the description content information of a target title, wherein the target title is the title which is in front of the layout sequence of the requirement specification in the two adjacent titles.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a software cost estimation apparatus, including:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the requirement specification;
the first determining module is used for determining each title in the requirement specification and the description content of each title;
a second determination module for determining at least one function keyword in the explanatory contents of each title;
a third determining module, configured to determine a type of each function keyword based on each function keyword and a title to which the function keyword belongs;
and the calculating module is used for calculating the cost estimation value of the software project corresponding to the requirement specification based on the type of each function keyword in the requirement specification and the total number of the function keywords.
Further, the second determining module includes:
the sentence dividing submodule is used for carrying out sentence dividing operation on the description content of each title to obtain at least one description sentence, wherein each description sentence is positioned between two division marks, and each division mark comprises a punctuation mark and a separator;
and the first analysis submodule is used for performing semantic analysis on each explanatory sentence respectively to obtain at least one functional keyword in the explanatory content of each title.
Further, the first analysis sub-module includes:
an identifying unit for identifying a sentence pattern type of each explanatory sentence;
a first determination unit configured to determine verbs in the descriptive sentences and determine the governed object in each descriptive sentence based on the verbs and the sentence pattern type;
a second determining unit configured to determine a function keyword of each explanatory sentence according to the verb and the dominated object.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, where the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the software cost estimation method described above.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the software cost estimation method described above are implemented.
In the embodiment of the invention, the requirement specification is acquired; determining each title in the requirement specification and the description content of each title; determining at least one function keyword in the explanatory contents of each title; determining the type of each functional keyword based on each functional keyword and the title to which each functional keyword belongs; and calculating the cost estimation value of the software project corresponding to the requirement specification based on the type of each functional keyword in the requirement specification. Therefore, the computer can measure the scale of the software by an intelligent semantic analysis technology according to the content in the requirement specification, and the cost estimation value is quickly output, so that the calculation efficiency of the cost estimation value of the software is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a software cost estimation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a software cost estimation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a method for estimating a software manufacturing cost according to an embodiment of the present invention, the method including:
step 101: and acquiring a requirement specification.
In the embodiment of the invention, the requirement specification is an electronic file with recognizable characters. The method for obtaining the requirement specification may be to receive a recognizable requirement specification uploaded by the user, or may be to receive an unrecognizable electronic file (e.g., a picture) uploaded by the user, and then convert the recognizable requirement specification into a recognizable requirement specification by using a scanning tool and a character recognition tool, which is not limited herein.
Step 102: the individual headings in the requirements specification, and the description content of each heading, are determined.
In the embodiment of the invention, the titles and the descriptive contents can be different in character characteristic, so that the titles and the descriptive contents in the requirement specification can be distinguished, wherein the titles can be further divided into titles with different grades, and the titles with different grades can be further distinguished in character characteristic.
Different character features are used as features, and a classification algorithm is combined to train a plurality of test requirement specifications, so that a model for classifying characters in the requirement specifications into titles and description contents through different character features is obtained. When a new requirement specification is obtained subsequently, the model can be directly used for determining each title and description content in the requirement specification.
If two determined titles are found in 2 adjacent lines in the requirement specification, the two titles can be combined to become one title.
In an alternative embodiment, step 102 may comprise:
acquiring characteristic information of each line of characters in the requirement specification;
determining each title in the requirement specification based on the characteristic information of each line of characters, wherein the characteristic information comprises at least one of the font, the color, the font size, the thickness, the underline, the inclination and the arrangement format of the characters;
and taking the description content between two adjacent titles as the description content information of a target title, wherein the target title is the title which is in front of the layout sequence of the requirement specification in the two adjacent titles.
Since the title and the description are usually displayed in lines, the text type is determined by using the text located in the same line as one determination object in the present embodiment, for example: the same line of text is the title, or the same line of text is the descriptive content.
Specifically, after the feature information of each line of text is obtained, whether each line of text is a title or an explanatory content may be determined according to a preset mapping relationship between the text type and the feature information.
The arrangement format of the text may be at least one of left alignment, center alignment, right alignment, and both end alignment of the text. The characteristic information of the characters is used as a basis for distinguishing different types of characters, so that the titles and the description contents in the requirement specification can be distinguished.
In addition, each explanatory content is immediately adjacent to the title to which it belongs, and the usual word convention is that the explanatory content is located behind the title to which it belongs, so the explanatory content in the adjacent two titles can be taken as the explanatory content of the preceding title.
Step 103: at least one function keyword in the explanatory contents of each title is determined.
The function keywords refer to description information which is provided in the requirement specification and is expected to correspond to the manufactured software to have corresponding functions, and the more the function keywords are, the more the functions of the software are, so that the workload required by the manufactured software is larger, the time cost and the labor cost are also larger, and the manufacturing cost evaluation of the software is higher.
In an alternative embodiment, step 103 may comprise:
performing sentence splitting operation on the description content of each title to obtain at least one description sentence, wherein each description sentence is positioned between two segmentation marks, and each segmentation mark comprises a punctuation mark and a separator;
and performing semantic analysis on each explanatory sentence to obtain at least one functional keyword in the explanatory content of each title.
In the present embodiment, a sentence located between two segmentation markers in each explanatory content is separately split into one explanatory sentence.
Through the mode of carrying out semantic analysis on at least one explanatory sentence one by one or carrying out semantic analysis on a plurality of explanatory sentences in parallel, whether functional keywords exist in each explanatory sentence or not can be determined, and if the functional keywords exist, the functional keywords are a plurality of functional keywords and the specific content of each functional keyword. Wherein, the description content of each title at least comprises one function keyword.
The semantic analysis mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention may be a smart semantic perception algorithm, which includes content classification, clustering, topic analysis, semantic analysis, entity recognition, heuristic search engine, recommendation engine, summarization engine, and the like.
Because the expression modes of languages are various, and ambiguity easily occurs when a sentence is complete and long, so that various understandings appear. Therefore, in the embodiment, by dividing the explanatory contents into short sentences, the probability of errors occurring when longer characters are analyzed at one time by semantic analysis can be avoided, and the accuracy of the semantic analysis is improved.
Further, the step of performing semantic analysis on each explanatory sentence may include:
identifying a sentence type of each explanatory sentence;
determining verbs in the declarative sentences and determining a governed object in each declarative sentence based on the verbs and the sentence pattern type;
determining a function keyword of each explanatory sentence according to the verb and the dominated object.
Since a function keyword is a description of the implementation of a function behavior, it necessarily includes a verb and an object acted on by the verb, and may or may not include the dominant object of the verb.
In the present embodiment, when semantic analysis is performed on an explanatory sentence, first, a sentence pattern type of each explanatory sentence is analyzed; the verb in the explanatory sentence is then determined, for example: calling, screening and the like, determining verbs in the descriptive sentences, and then determining dominated objects in the descriptive sentences by combining sentence pattern types, wherein the dominated objects are nouns; finally, the function keyword of the explanatory sentence is determined by the verb and the subject to be governed.
For example: the explanation sentence is 'maintenance capable of being performed on organization structure of company', the sentence type is the sentence type after verb, the governed object 'organization structure' is determined before verb after determining verb 'maintenance', and the function keyword 'maintenance organization structure' of the explanation sentence is determined by combining verb and governed object.
It should be noted that, in the case that the descriptive sentence includes a verb, the number of verbs may be more than one, for example: the explanation sentence is 'organization architecture of a maintainable and graphical exhibition company', the sentence type is a sentence type before a verb, after determining the verbs 'maintenance' and 'exhibition', the dominated object 'organization architecture' is determined after the verb, and the function keywords 'maintenance organization architecture' and 'exhibition organization architecture' of the explanation sentence are determined by combining the verb and the dominated object.
In addition, there may be a plurality of cases such that the number of verbs is one and the number of subjects to be controlled exceeds one, and the number of verbs exceeds one and the number of subjects to be controlled is the same as the number of verbs. The principle is the same or similar to that described above, and the description of this embodiment is omitted.
In the case where the sentence type in which the explanatory sentence is long and the explanatory sentence is generated includes both a verb and a verb, the function keyword is determined with reference to the manner in which the verb is followed.
In the present embodiment, the mode of specifying a governed object by a sentence type and a verb and obtaining a function keyword by a combination of the verb and the governed object is to specify the function keyword based on the expression mode of the explanatory sentence itself, which can improve the accuracy of specifying the function keyword in the explanatory sentence.
Step 104: the type of each function keyword is determined based on each function keyword and a title to which the each function keyword belongs.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the types of the function keywords include 5, which are External Input (EI), External output (EI), External Query (EQ), Internal Logic File (ILF for short), and External Interface File (ELF for short).
The same function keyword may appear in the specification contents of a plurality of titles in the requirement specification, and the same function keyword is not of the same type under the plurality of titles. Taking the function keyword "modification position" as an example, the type of the function keyword "modification position" is the Internal Logic File (ILF) only when the description content is the parent associated title of the function keyword (for example, "personnel position management"), and when the type of the function keyword "modification position" appears in the description content of other titles (for example, "development architecture"), the function keyword "modification position" actually only calls the interface of the function in the parent associated title, and is the External Input (EI) at this time, because the workload of the two is different, and therefore the two needs to be distinguished by different types.
Other types are also distinguished based on the above-described manner of operation and workload to determine the different types, which is advantageous for accuracy of the software cost estimate.
In an alternative embodiment, step 104 may include:
performing semantic analysis on each title to obtain meaning information of each title;
determining the type of the target function keyword based on the target function keyword and the target meaning information, wherein the target function keyword is any one function keyword in the requirement specification, and the target meaning information is the meaning information of a title to which the target meaning information belongs.
In this embodiment, the mapping relationship between each functional keyword and its parent associated word is further included, and the mapping relationship may further include synonyms and synonyms of titles, and synonyms of functional keywords, for example: the personnel management is the father association of the newly-built post, and after synonyms and near synonyms of the functional keywords are added, the personnel management can also be the father association of the functional keywords of the newly-built post, the newly-built post and the like.
Therefore, semantic analysis is carried out on each title, and each functional keyword can be determined by combining the meaning information of the title to which the functional keyword belongs when being classified subsequently, so that the accuracy of classifying each functional keyword is improved, and the accuracy of estimating the cost of software is facilitated.
Step 105: and calculating the cost estimation value of the software project corresponding to the requirement specification based on the type of each function keyword in the requirement specification and the total number of the function keywords.
Specifically, assuming that the total number of the function keywords in the requirement specification is 12, wherein 3 ILFs, 1 ELF, 4 EI, 1 EO and 3 EQ are provided, wherein the weight value of the ILF is 10, the weight value of the EIF is 7, the weight value of the EI is 4, the weight value of the EO is 5 and the weight value of the EQ is 4, the function point S of the software item corresponding to the requirement specification is 3 × 10+1 × 7+4 × 4+1 × 5+3 × 4 is 70.
And calculating to obtain the cost estimation value of the software project according to the function points of the software project corresponding to the requirement specification.
Specifically, the software development cost SDC is (S × PDR) × SWF × RDF × F + DNC, where S is the function point number of the software project, PDR is the productivity, SWF is a software factor adjustment factor, RDF is a development factor adjustment factor, F is a labor cost rate, and DNC is the direct non-labor cost.
Taking the above example as an example, assuming that PDR is 1, SWF is 1, RDF is 1, DNC is 0, and F is 1000 yuan/day, then SDC (S × PDR) × SWF × 0RDF × 1F + DNC (3 × 210+1 × 7+4 × 4+1 × 5+3 × 4) × 1 × 1 × 1 × 1000+0 is 70000 yuan.
It should be noted that the above is only an example of the cost estimation of the software project for one situation, and should not be limited to this. It should be understood that any solution for calculating the function points of the software project based on the above-mentioned manner and calculating the cost estimation value of the software project by combining the function points belongs to the protection scope claimed by the embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a block diagram of a software cost estimation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the software cost estimation apparatus 200 includes:
an obtaining module 210, configured to obtain a requirement specification;
a first determining module 220, configured to determine each title in the requirement specification and description content of each title;
a second determining module 230 for determining at least one function keyword in the explanatory contents of each title;
a third determining module 240, configured to determine a type of each function keyword based on each function keyword and a title to which the function keyword belongs;
a calculating module 250, configured to calculate a cost estimate of the software project corresponding to the requirement specification based on the type of each function keyword in the requirement specification and the total number of the function keywords.
Optionally, the second determining module 230 includes:
the sentence dividing submodule is used for carrying out sentence dividing operation on the description content of each title to obtain at least one description sentence, wherein each description sentence is positioned between two division marks, and each division mark comprises a punctuation mark and a separator;
and the first analysis submodule is used for performing semantic analysis on each explanatory sentence respectively to obtain at least one functional keyword in the explanatory content of each title.
Optionally, the first analysis sub-module includes:
an identifying unit for identifying a sentence pattern type of each explanatory sentence;
a first determination unit configured to determine verbs in the descriptive sentences and determine the governed object in each descriptive sentence based on the verbs and the sentence pattern type;
a second determining unit configured to determine a function keyword of each explanatory sentence according to the verb and the dominated object.
The software cost estimation apparatus 200 of the embodiment of the present invention can implement each process implemented in the method embodiment of fig. 1, and is not described herein again to avoid repetition.
The software cost estimation device 200 of the embodiment of the invention can improve the calculation efficiency of the software cost estimation.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, where the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements each process of the software cost estimation method in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, and can achieve the same technical effect, and details are not repeated here to avoid repetition.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements each process of the software cost estimation method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect, and in order to avoid repetition, details are not repeated here. The computer-readable storage medium may be a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the method of the above embodiments can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better implementation manner. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes instructions for enabling a terminal (such as a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A software cost estimation method, comprising:
acquiring a requirement specification;
determining each title in the requirement specification and the description content of each title;
determining at least one function keyword in the explanatory contents of each title;
determining the type of each functional keyword based on each functional keyword and the title to which each functional keyword belongs;
and calculating the cost estimation value of the software project corresponding to the requirement specification based on the type of each function keyword in the requirement specification and the total number of the function keywords.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining at least one function keyword in the explanatory contents of each title comprises:
performing sentence splitting operation on the description content of each title to obtain at least one description sentence, wherein each description sentence is positioned between two segmentation marks, and each segmentation mark comprises a punctuation mark and a separator;
and performing semantic analysis on each explanatory sentence to obtain at least one functional keyword in the explanatory content of each title.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of performing semantic analysis on each declarative sentence separately includes:
identifying a sentence type of each explanatory sentence;
determining verbs in the declarative sentences and determining a governed object in each declarative sentence based on the verbs and the sentence type;
determining a function keyword of each explanatory sentence according to the verb and the dominated object.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the type of each function keyword based on each function keyword and a title to which the each function keyword belongs comprises:
performing semantic analysis on each title to obtain meaning information of each title;
determining the type of the target function keyword based on the target function keyword and the target meaning information, wherein the target function keyword is any one function keyword in the requirement specification, and the target meaning information is the meaning information of a title to which the target meaning information belongs.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the respective headings in the requirements specification, and the descriptive content of each heading, comprises:
acquiring characteristic information of each line of characters in the requirement specification;
determining each title in the requirement specification based on the characteristic information of each line of characters, wherein the characteristic information comprises at least one of the font, the color, the font size, the thickness, the underline, the inclination and the arrangement format of the characters;
and taking the description content between two adjacent titles as the description content information of a target title, wherein the target title is the title which is in front of the layout sequence of the requirement specification in the two adjacent titles.
6. A software cost estimation device, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the requirement specification;
the first determining module is used for determining each title in the requirement specification and the description content of each title;
a second determination module for determining at least one function keyword in the explanatory contents of each title;
a third determining module, configured to determine a type of each function keyword based on each function keyword and a title to which the function keyword belongs;
and the calculating module is used for calculating the cost estimation value of the software project corresponding to the requirement specification based on the type of each function keyword in the requirement specification and the total number of the function keywords.
7. The software cost estimation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said second determination module includes:
the sentence dividing submodule is used for carrying out sentence dividing operation on the description content of each title to obtain at least one description sentence, wherein each description sentence is positioned between two division marks, and each division mark comprises a punctuation mark and a separator;
and the first analysis submodule is used for performing semantic analysis on each explanatory sentence respectively to obtain at least one functional keyword in the explanatory content of each title.
8. The software cost estimation apparatus of claim 7, wherein said first analysis sub-module includes:
an identifying unit for identifying a sentence pattern type of each explanatory sentence;
a first determination unit configured to determine verbs in the descriptive sentences and determine the governed object in each descriptive sentence based on the verbs and the sentence pattern type;
a second determining unit configured to determine a function keyword of each explanatory sentence according to the verb and the dominated object.
9. An electronic device comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the computer program when executed by the processor implementing the steps of the software cost estimation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the software cost estimation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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| CN113129057A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-16 | 河南省信息咨询设计研究有限公司 | Software cost information processing method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN116629980A (en) * | 2023-07-21 | 2023-08-22 | 深圳代码兄弟技术有限公司 | Pricing method of software engineering, terminal equipment and storage medium |
| CN117635243A (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2024-03-01 | 中安启成科技有限公司 | Intelligent software cost assessment method and system for enabling large language model |
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| CN116629980B (en) * | 2023-07-21 | 2024-04-19 | 深圳代码兄弟技术有限公司 | Pricing method of software engineering, terminal equipment and storage medium |
| CN117635243A (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2024-03-01 | 中安启成科技有限公司 | Intelligent software cost assessment method and system for enabling large language model |
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