CN111368857B - Classification method of shale - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a classification method of shale, which comprises the following steps: collecting a plurality of shale samples with different depths from shale in a coring layer section; obtaining TOC content of each shale sample; determining the mineral type of each shale sample and obtaining the content of various minerals; adding the contents of all minerals belonging to the carbonate minerals in each shale sample to obtain the total content of the carbonate minerals; q-type clustering is carried out on TOC content, total content of carbonate minerals and content of minerals of various non-carbonate minerals corresponding to all the collected shale samples, and the shale is classified according to clustering results. The invention can scientifically, objectively and quantitatively classify and research the shale, and embody the coupling relation between various mineral contents and organic matters, thereby digging the internal connection of the mineral, the organic matters and the sedimentary environment, and having great theoretical value and practical significance in the exploration and development of shale oil and gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum, geological and mining exploration and development, in particular to a method for classifying shale.
Background
Mineral resources, in particular shale oil and gas resources, are reserved in the shale. Along with the rapid development of shale oil and gas exploration and development, the classification and research significance of shale are great. Therefore, the classification and research of the shale are urgent scientifically, objectively and quantitatively.
Currently, shale classification schemes mainly include the following two types: classifying shale into siliceous shale, calcareous shale and clay shale based on a three-end member classification principle; dividing shale into a tattooed argillite, a tattooed-layered argillite, a shale layer-schlieren argillite and layer-blocky argillite.
The first classification scheme has the following defects: minerals such as pyrite, potash feldspar, plagioclase feldspar and the like are ignored. Shale contains not only siliceous minerals, clay and carbonate minerals, but also other minerals such as pyrite, potash feldspar, plagioclase, etc., and some minerals also have an indicative significance of the depositional environment. In addition, the principle of three-end member division and the basis thereof are only ideal models, lack strict statistical significance, are only artificially and mechanically divided, and in fact, the siliceous minerals, the clay minerals and the calcareous minerals of many shale samples are well distributed, and the theory and the practice are greatly different.
The second classification scheme has the following defects: the lack of strict statistical significance does not consider the role of organic carbon in shale classification, and the prediction of organic matters of shale of different classifications is difficult.
Therefore, it is needed to research a shale classification method which represents the status of organic matter content in shale classification on the basis of considering siliceous minerals, clay and carbonate minerals, pyrite, potash feldspar, plagioclase and other minerals, so as to further excavate the internal links of minerals, organic matters and sedimentary environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a classification method of shale aiming at the defects of the prior art, which comprises the following steps:
collecting a plurality of shale samples with different depths from shale in a coring layer section;
acquiring the total organic carbon content of each shale sample;
determining the mineral type of each shale sample, and obtaining the content of various minerals in each shale sample;
adding the contents of all minerals belonging to the carbonate minerals in each shale sample to obtain the total content of the carbonate minerals in each shale sample;
q-type clustering is carried out on the total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals and the mineral content of various non-carbonate minerals corresponding to all the collected shale samples, and the shale is classified according to the clustering result.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps before the Q-type clustering:
and carrying out normalization finishing on the total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals and the mineral content of various non-carbonate minerals corresponding to each shale sample respectively to obtain the total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals and the mineral content of various non-carbonate minerals corresponding to each shale sample after normalization finishing.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the steps of:
and analyzing the coupling relation among the total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals and the mineral content of various non-carbonate minerals according to the clustering result, and excavating the internal relation among the total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals and the mineral content of various non-carbonate minerals and the deposition environment.
In one embodiment, the total organic carbon content of each shale sample is obtained based on a measurement standard of total organic carbon in GB/T19145-2003 sedimentary rock; the mineral types of each shale sample are determined based on SY/T5163-2010X radial diffraction full rock analysis standards, and the content of each mineral in each shale sample is obtained.
In one embodiment, the total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals, and the mineral content of various non-carbonate minerals corresponding to all shale samples collected are Q-type clustered based on a K-means clustering method.
In one embodiment, the carbonate minerals include calcite, dolomite, aragonite, high iron calcite, iron dolomite, magnesite, siderite and rhodochrosite.
In one embodiment, the minerals of the non-carbonate minerals include quartz, clay, anhydrite, analcite, potash feldspar, plagioclase, barite, halite, pyrite, and mica.
In one embodiment, the shale is classified into high-carbon siliceous clay shale, carbon-rich clay siliceous shale, carbon-rich siliceous clay gray shale, carbon-containing siliceous clay shale, and high-carbon clay siliceous shale according to the clustering result.
In one embodiment, the deposition environment of the high-carbon siliceous clay shale is a deep water canopy, the high-carbon siliceous clay shale being affected by a land source material input; the deposition environment of the carbon-rich clay-containing siliceous shale is a deep water canopy, and the quartz causes in the carbon-rich clay-containing siliceous shale comprise biomass causes; the deposition environment of the carbon-rich siliceous clay shale is a deepwater land shed, and the carbon-rich siliceous clay shale is influenced by land source material input; the deposition environment of the carbon-rich siliceous clay shale is a deep water land shed, and the carbon-rich siliceous clay shale is influenced by a carbonate bench; the deposition environment of the carbonaceous siliceous clay shale is a shallow water canopy, and the carbonaceous siliceous clay shale has siliceous and clay input larger than a preset threshold value in the deposition process; the deposition environment of the high-carbon clay-containing siliceous shale is a deep water land shed, and part of siliceous in the high-carbon clay-containing siliceous shale is of biological origin.
In one embodiment, for shale with a total organic carbon content of greater than 3.0%, a carbonate mineral content of less than 10%, and a pyrite content of greater than 4.5%, the sedimentary environment is a deep water canopy, and a portion of the siliceous material in the shale is of biological origin.
One or more embodiments of the present invention may have the following advantages over the prior art:
the method for classifying the shale can scientifically, objectively and quantitatively classify and research the shale, fully embody the status of the organic matter content in the classification of the shale on the basis of considering siliceous minerals, clay, carbonate minerals, pyrite, potash feldspar, plagioclase feldspar and other minerals, fully embody the coupling relation between various mineral contents and organic matters in the classification, fully excavate the internal relation of the minerals, the organic matters and the sedimentary environment, and has theoretical value and practical significance in the exploration and development of shale oil and gas.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention, without limitation to the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of classifying shale in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of total organic carbon content and individual mineral content levels of shale in an X-well coring interval in a region;
FIG. 3 is a final cluster center of Q-type clusters of shale samples in an X-well coring layer section of a certain area;
FIG. 4 shows Q-type clustering classification results of shale samples in X-well coring layer sections in a certain area and the number of cases in each clustering result;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing Q-type clustering classification results and clustering members of shale samples in X-well coring intervals in a certain area;
fig. 6 is a diagram showing a comparison of a shale classification method according to an embodiment of the present invention with a conventional shale classification method.
Detailed Description
The following will describe embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, thereby solving the technical problems by applying technical means to the present invention, and realizing the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented accordingly. It should be noted that, as long as no conflict is formed, each embodiment of the present invention and each feature of each embodiment may be combined with each other, and the formed technical solutions are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
The method for classifying shale according to the present invention will be described in detail below by taking an example of an X-well in a certain region.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of classifying shale according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the following steps S110 to S150 may be included.
In step S110, a number of samples of shale at different depths are collected from the shale in the coring layer section.
Specifically, an X well in a certain area is a shale gas coring well, and a coring layer section is a core layer section of shale research evaluation in the certain area, and is typical. In this example, 85 samples of shale were collected at different depths (ranging from 3500.8 meters to 3587.3 meters).
In step S120, the total organic carbon content of each shale sample is obtained. Alternatively, the total organic carbon content of each shale sample is obtained based on a measurement standard of total organic carbon in GB/T19145-2003 sedimentary rock.
In step S130, the mineral species of each shale sample is determined, and the content of various minerals in each shale sample is obtained. Optionally, the mineral species of each shale sample is determined based on SY/T5163-2010X ray diffraction full rock analysis criteria and the content of each mineral in each shale sample is obtained.
In step S140, the contents of all minerals belonging to the carbonate minerals in each shale sample are added to obtain the total content of the carbonate minerals in each shale sample.
Specifically, the carbonate minerals include calcite, dolomite, aragonite, high-iron calcite, iron dolomite, magnesite, siderite and rhodochrosite. Adding the contents of carbonate minerals such as calcite, dolomite, aragonite, high-iron calcite, iron dolomite, magnesite, siderite and rhodochrosite in each shale sample to obtain the total content of the carbonate minerals in each shale sample.
In step S150, Q-type clustering is performed on the total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals, and the mineral content of various non-carbonate minerals corresponding to all the shale samples collected, and the shale is classified according to the clustering result. Preferably, the total organic carbon content, the total carbonate mineral content and the mineral content of various non-carbonate minerals corresponding to all shale samples collected are subjected to Q-type clustering based on a K-means clustering method.
Specifically, the minerals in the shale sample include quartz, clay, anhydrite, analcite, potash feldspar, plagioclase, barite, halite, pyrite, mica, and the like, in addition to carbonate minerals. In this example, Q-clustering was performed on the total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals, quartz, clay, anhydrite, analcite, potash feldspar, plagioclase, barite, halite, pyrite, and mica corresponding to 85 shale samples based on the K-means clustering method.
For the sake of calculation, the total organic carbon content, the total carbonate mineral content and the mineral content of various non-carbonate minerals corresponding to each shale sample obtained are normalized and arranged. As shown in fig. 2, each shale sample had its corresponding normalized total organic carbon content, total carbonate mineral content, and mineral content of various non-carbonate minerals.
Q-type clustering is carried out on 85 shale samples in FIG. 2 based on a K-means clustering method, a final clustering center is shown in FIG. 3, clustering results are divided into 6 types, the number of cases in each type is shown in FIG. 4, and cluster members are shown in FIG. 5.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, 85 shale samples of the X-well coring layer section of a certain area are totally divided into 6 types, and 6 final clustering centers are provided. The shale is divided into: high-carbon siliceous clay shale, carbon-rich siliceous clay gray shale, carbon-containing siliceous clay shale and high-carbon siliceous clay shale. The naming convention is: "high carbon" means a total organic carbon content greater than 3.0%, carbon rich means a total organic carbon content greater than 1.0% and less than 3.0%, and carbon containing means a total organic carbon content less than 1.0%; "siliceous" means a quartz content greater than 50%, and "siliceous" means a quartz content less than 50%; the clay property means that the clay content is more than 40%, and the clay content is less than 40%.
The embodiment further comprises the steps of, after classifying the shale: and analyzing the coupling relation among the total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals and the mineral content of various non-carbonate minerals according to the clustering result, and excavating the internal relation among the total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals and the mineral content of various non-carbonate minerals and the deposition environment.
The deposition environment of the high-carbon siliceous clay shale is a deep water land shed, and the high-carbon siliceous clay shale is influenced by land source material input; the deposition environment of the carbon-rich clay-containing siliceous shale is a deep water land shed, and quartz in the carbon-rich clay-containing siliceous shale is mainly biomass cause; the deposition environment of the carbon-rich siliceous clay shale is a deep water canopy, and the carbon-rich siliceous clay shale is influenced by land source material input; the deposition environment of the siliceous clay-rich ash shale is a deep water land shed, and the siliceous clay-rich ash shale is influenced by carbonate terraces; the deposition environment of the carbonaceous siliceous clay shale is a shallow water canopy, and the carbonaceous siliceous clay shale has a great amount of siliceous and clay input in the deposition process (a great amount of siliceous and clay is siliceous and clay which is larger than a preset threshold value); the deposition environment of the high-carbon clay-containing siliceous shale is a deep water land shed, and part of siliceous in the high-carbon clay-containing siliceous shale is of biological origin.
It should be noted that, the present invention takes an example of an X-well in a certain area to perform Q-type clustering to obtain six shale classification results, which is only used to instruct those skilled in the art how to implement the present invention. In particular implementations, the shale samples sampled are different, the shale classification results obtained are different, and the depositional environment indicated by each shale is also different.
The clustering center point, six minerals and organic carbon, and the indicated deposition environment are described below to further explore the coupling relationships between the total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals, and the mineral content of various non-carbonate minerals, as well as the internal links between the total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals, and the mineral content of various non-carbonate minerals, and the deposition environment.
The cluster center point 1 has secondary organic carbon content, high carbon content, TOC reaching 3.4%, clay rich (47.0%), siliceous (23.9%), carbonate mineral containing (16.8%), strong reduction environment (4.7%), and deep water canopy as the deposition environment for shale, which is affected by the input of land source substances.
The group 2, 3, 4 cluster centers have little difference in organic carbon content, but they represent different deposition environments, respectively, depending on mineral composition. Class 2, rich in carbon, TOC up to 2.7%, rich in siliceous (63.1%), clay (14.1%), low carbonate rock mineral (7.5%), very strong reducing environment (8.0%), presumably siliceous minerals are primarily likely to be biomass cause. Class 3, rich in carbon, TOC up to 2.3%, siliceous (32.8%), clay (43.4%), carbonate-bearing rock minerals (11.6%), strong reducing environment (4.6%), supposedly sedimentary environment is a deep water canopy, and class 3 shale is affected by the input of land-based materials. Class 4, rich in carbon, TOC up to 2.8%, siliceous (27%), clay (34.9%), carbonate-rich mineral (30.3%), medium reducing environment (3.7%), presumably sedimentary environment is deep water canopy, class 4 shale is affected by carbonate bench.
The 5 th clustering center point has the lowest organic carbon content, contains carbon, TOC of 0.5%, is rich in clay (54.1%), contains siliceous (34.4%), is poor in carbonate mineral (2.9%), is weak in reduction environment (1.7%), represents the deposition environment of shallow water and land sheds, and has a great amount of siliceous and clay input in the deposition process.
The 6 th clustering center point has the highest organic carbon content, high carbon, TOC reaching 4.2%, rich siliceous (54.0%), rich clay (30.9%), low carbonate rock mineral (7.5%), strong reduction environment (4.9%), representing the deposition environment of deep water terrestrial shed, and the siliceous is derived from biological silicon in a small part.
The 6 kinds of clustering center point contrast researches show that shale with highest organic carbon content has low carbonate mineral content, a strong reduction environment, quartz minerals and clay minerals are relatively balanced, the deposition environment is a deep water land shed, and part of siliceous matters in the shale are biologically sourced.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a comparison of a shale classification method according to an embodiment of the present invention with a conventional shale classification method. As shown in fig. 6, a conventional shale classification method artificially separates shale associated with mineral deposits.
In summary, the shale classifying method provided by the invention can scientifically, objectively and quantitatively classify and research the shale, fully embody the status of the organic matter content in the classification of the shale on the basis of considering siliceous minerals, clay, carbonate minerals, pyrite, potash feldspar, plagioclase and other minerals, and fully embody the coupling relation between various mineral contents and organic matters, thereby fully excavating the internal relation of the minerals, the organic matters and the sedimentary environment, and having great theoretical value and practical significance in the exploration and development of shale oil and gas.
Although the embodiments of the present invention are disclosed above, the embodiments are only used for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make any modification and variation in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is still subject to the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for classifying shale, comprising the steps of:
collecting a plurality of shale samples with different depths from shale in a coring layer section;
acquiring the total organic carbon content of each shale sample;
determining the mineral type of each shale sample, and obtaining the content of various minerals in each shale sample;
adding the contents of all the carbonate minerals belonging to each shale sample to obtain the total content of the carbonate minerals in each shale sample;
q-type clustering is carried out on the total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals and the content of various non-carbonate minerals corresponding to all the collected shale samples, and the shale is classified according to clustering results;
the method also comprises the following steps before the Q-type clustering:
respectively carrying out normalization finishing on the total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals and the content of various non-carbonate minerals corresponding to each shale sample to obtain the normalized total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals and the content of various non-carbonate minerals corresponding to each shale sample;
the method also comprises the following steps:
analyzing the coupling relation among the total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals and the content of various non-carbonate minerals according to the clustering result, and excavating the internal relation among the total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals and the content of various non-carbonate minerals and the deposition environment;
according to the clustering result, the shale is divided into high-carbon siliceous clay shale, carbon-rich clay siliceous shale, carbon-rich siliceous clay gray shale, carbon-containing siliceous clay shale and high-carbon clay siliceous shale.
2. The method of classification as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
acquiring the total organic carbon content of each shale sample based on the measurement standard of the total organic carbon in GB/T19145-2003 sedimentary rock;
the mineral types of each shale sample are determined based on SY/T5163-2010X-ray diffraction full rock analysis standards, and the content of each mineral in each shale sample is obtained.
3. The classification method according to claim 1, wherein the Q-type clustering is performed on the total organic carbon content, the total content of carbonate minerals and the content of various non-carbonate minerals corresponding to all the shale samples collected based on the K-means clustering method.
4. The classification method according to claim 1, wherein the carbonate minerals include calcite, dolomite, aragonite, high-iron calcite, iron dolomite, magnesite, siderite and rhodochrosite.
5. The classification method according to claim 1, wherein the minerals of the non-carbonate minerals include quartz, clay, anhydrite, analcite, potash feldspar, plagioclase, barite, halite, pyrite, and mica.
6. The method of classification as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high carbon siliceous clay shale is deposited in a deepwater canopy, the high carbon siliceous clay shale being affected by a land-based material input; the deposition environment of the carbon-rich clay-containing siliceous shale is a deep water canopy, and the causes of quartz in the carbon-rich clay-containing siliceous shale comprise biological causes; the deposition environment of the carbon-rich siliceous clay shale is a deepwater land shed, and the carbon-rich siliceous clay shale is influenced by land source material input; the deposition environment of the carbon-rich siliceous clay shale is a deep water land shed, and the carbon-rich siliceous clay shale is influenced by a carbonate bench; the deposition environment of the carbonaceous siliceous clay shale is a shallow water canopy, and the carbonaceous siliceous clay shale has siliceous and clay input larger than a preset threshold value in the deposition process; the deposition environment of the high-carbon clay-containing siliceous shale is a deep water land shed, and part of siliceous in the high-carbon clay-containing siliceous shale is of biological origin.
7. The classification method according to claim 6, wherein the shale has a content of carbonate minerals of less than 10% and pyrite of greater than 4.5% for a total organic carbon content of greater than 3.0% and a sedimentary environment of deep water canopy, and a part of siliceous matter in the shale is of biological origin.
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| CN113533395B (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2024-04-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for dividing effective lithofacies types of carbonate rock interlayer type shale layer |
| CN115308205B (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2023-05-02 | 成都理工大学 | Fine-grained mixed rock dividing method, system, medium and terminal |
| CN115684554B (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-08-11 | 东北石油大学三亚海洋油气研究院 | Four-terminal-element lithofacies division method, system and medium for organic-matter-rich shale |
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