CN104007484A - Shale classification method - Google Patents
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- CN104007484A CN104007484A CN201410249381.7A CN201410249381A CN104007484A CN 104007484 A CN104007484 A CN 104007484A CN 201410249381 A CN201410249381 A CN 201410249381A CN 104007484 A CN104007484 A CN 104007484A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shale classification method. The method includes the first step of determining the types of macroscopic structures of shales by observing shale cores, the second step of determining organic matter types and total content of organic carbon through kerogen and organic carbon analysis and obtaining the volume fraction of organic matter components through the total content of organic carbon, a conversion coefficient, the organic matter density and the rock density, the third step of determining mineral composition of the shales and obtaining the volume fraction of calcareous mineral components, the volume fraction of felsic mineral components and the volume fraction of clay mineral components through thin section authentication and total rock mineral analysis, the fourth step of classifying the shales according to the four-component three-end-member principle, and the last step of classifying the shales and conducting reasonable simplification through a core macroscopic structure and rock type combined method. The shale classification method is applicable to laboratory studies and outside work, is a method with reasonable logic and high operability for classification of the shales, solves the problems that the shale classification methods are varied and the organic matter components are ignored, and can be used for studying formation causes of the shales conveniently and guiding field logging and fracturing transformation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum exploration & development geology field, be specifically related to a kind of sorting technique of mud shale.
Background technology
At present, along with developing rapidly of unconventional oil-gas exploration and development, being sorted in recently of mud shale comes into vogue.Why mud stone classification becomes so important, and the capacity that occupies the similar half in geology research special column from mud shale just can be peeped one spot.Reason mainly contains the understanding of hydrocarbon source rock constantly deepens, and global conventional gas and oil exploration has entered the stage of comprehensive maturation, also has the oil-gas geology reserves of mud shale to hide larger than conventional gas and oil.
A good naming method should have science and practicality, can reflect lithogenesy, again can widespread use.Mud stone names the difficulty facing to have following 6 points now: (1) existing specific name is often used with; (2) some scholar defines siliciclastic sediment or the sedimentogeneous rock that pelyte (mudrock) is particulate or superfine particle, but the leak of this definition is also very obvious, only have qualitatively and describe, and great particle diameter is just particulate, superfine particle? can siliceous content reaches how many be called as siliceous chip? how this siliceous content this calculate? these are not resolved to the very important quantitative criteria of classifying, and therefore applicability is not strong; (3) this term of shale (shale) is considered to have the petroclastic rock of bedding in most Britain's documents, but most of author also will not have the mud stone that bedding manifests to be called shale (shale) in Americana; (4) some term, due to use and regional sanctified by usage frequently, can not be abolished, easily as resinous shale; (5) because siltstone and mud shale naked eyes are not easy to distinguish, a lot of original in the time of on-the-spot investigation called after mud shale, be proved to be siltstone through the analysis in laboratory afterwards and mud shale not; (6) content of the content of organic matter in mud shale is large and role is important, how in classification, to embody.Therefore, lack at present a kind of logic rationally and be applicable to the comprehensive sorting technique of desk research and outside work.
During to Classification of Shales, mainly consider macrostructure, rock constituents and granularity rank.General by rock core comprehensive description, rock core scanned photograph and thin slice, can determine preferably mud shale macrostructure type.The Main Means of mud shale component research is had to X diffraction and organic geochemical analysis, can obtain the content of inorganic mineral components and organic matter fraction in mud shale.For particle diameter information, statistics finds that more than 90 percent long English matter mineral grain belongs to flour sand rank, and carbonate mine composition granule belongs to micrite rank.
Application is at present the Classification of Shales method based on essential mineral composition more widely, the graphical method taking carbonate mineral, long English matter mineral and clay mineral as three end members, and inner segmentation name adopts three grades of nomenclature principles.The method system but reckon without the importance of organic matter fraction and categorised demarcation line is worth discussion.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly the defect existing for prior art, a kind of origin cause of formation that can reflect mud shale is provided, can be applicable to again the Classification of Shales method of desk research and outside work, and form mud shale divide method step, divide and provide a kind of logic reasonable and workable method for mud shale, solve Classification of Shales method various and neglect the problem of organic matter fraction, for studying the origin cause of formation of mud shale, and can guide field well logging and the sorting technique of the mud shale of fracturing reform work.
Its technical scheme is: a kind of sorting technique of mud shale, comprises the following steps:
1) determine the macrostructure type of mud shale by core observation;
2) determine organic matter type and total content of organic carbon by kerogen and organic carbon analysis, and utilize total content of organic carbon, conversion coefficient, organic density and rock density, obtain organic matter fraction volume fraction, the following formula of concrete operation method basis:
Wherein, V
ofor organic volume fraction; W
ofor total content of organic carbon; K is organic matter transformation coefficient; ρ
mfor mud shale density; ρ
ofor organic density; Total organic content substitution above formula that organic carbon analysis is obtained, obtains organic volume fraction;
3) identify by thin slice the mineral composition of determining mud shale with total rock mineralogical analysis, obtain the volume fraction of the mineral constituent of ash (cloud) matter, the mineral constituent of long English matter and clay mineral component;
4) classification of rock type is according to the principle of " four component three end members ";
5) whether exceed 15% according to organic matter fraction volume fraction, divide the large class of mud shale;
6) in the large class of mud shale, divide group according to organic matter type;
7) finally adopt the method that rock core macrostructure and rock type combine to divide mud shale Rational Simplification.
Macrostructure type in described step 1) is: lamina spacing is greater than 50cm person for block, lamina spacing 10cm-50cm person is stratiform, lamina spacing is that 1cm-10cm person is lamelliform, and lamina spacing is that 1mm-1cm person is lamellar, and lamina spacing is less than 1mm person for laminated.
Described step 2) in organic type, be divided into sapropel type and humus type.
The coefficient of the abundance of organic matter in described step 3), determines according to organic matter type in mud shale and diagenesis evolution stage, between 1.1-1.5; Mud shale density, generally gets 2.5g/cm
3; Organic density, generally gets 1.0g/cm
3.
Four components in described step 4) refer to organic matter fraction, carbonate mineral component, clay mineral component and the mineral constituent of long English matter; Three end members are ash (cloud) matter, clayey and long English matter.
The large class of mud shale in described step 5), organic matter fraction volume fraction is to exceed 15% for rich organic mud shale, otherwise is organic-lean's mud shale.
In the large class of the organic mud shale of described richness, divide group according to organic matter type, taking sapropel type as main, be called greasy filth shale, and taking humus type as main, be called charcoal mud shale; In the large class of organic-lean's mud shale, getting the mineral constituent of ash (cloud) matter, the mineral constituent of long English matter and clay mineral component is the triangular plot center of three end members, in conjunction with granularmetric analysis, is divided into ash (cloud) petrographic province, flour sand petrographic province and clay petrographic province Deng Sange district.
In each district, adopt the method for reclassify to divide the group of organic-lean's mud shale.
Described reclassify refer to relative content in three end members maximum be decided to be important name, relative content between 25%-50% write on important name before, relative content is write up front between 10%-25%'s, relative content be less than 10% do not participate in classification; In ash (cloud) petrographic province, how many important names of group is determined according to the relative of grey matter and cloud matter.
After the method division that in described step (7), employing rock core macrostructure and rock type combine, to mud shale title Rational Simplification, its concrete operation method is:
In the large class of rich organic mud shale, if macrostructure lamellar or the laminated of greasy filth shale are named as resinous shale, other macrostructures are decided to be greasy filth rock, if and macrostructure lamellar or the laminated of charcoal mud shale are named as charcoal shale, other macrostructures are decided to be charcoal mud stone; In the large class of organic-lean's mud shale, in the same rank of three grades of titles, only retain the component that content is relatively many.
The present invention compared with prior art, have the following advantages: the present invention is by core observation and utilize mud shale analyzing test data, obtain respectively the volume fraction of four kinds of key components such as the macrostructure type of mud shale and organic matter, ash (cloud) matter mineral, long English matter mineral and the clay mineral of formation mud shale, the method that adopts macrostructure and rock type to combine is carried out mud shale division, and wherein the classification of rock type is according to the principle of " four component three end members ".
Embodiment
The present invention implements by following concrete operation step:
1) determine the macrostructure type of mud shale by core observation.Lamina spacing is greater than 50cm person for block, and lamina spacing 10cm-50cm person is stratiform, and lamina spacing is that 1cm-10cm person is lamelliform, and lamina spacing is that 1mm-1cm person is lamellar, and lamina spacing is less than 1mm person for laminated.
2) determine type organic in mud shale by kerogen maceration, be divided into sapropel type and humus type.
Determine the total content of organic carbon of mud shale by organic carbon analysis, utilize total content of organic carbon, conversion coefficient, organic density and rock density, obtain organic matter fraction volume fraction, the following formula of concrete operation method basis:
Wherein, V
ofor organic volume fraction; W
ofor total content of organic carbon; K is organic matter transformation coefficient, organic carbon content is converted to the coefficient of abundance of organic matter, between 1.1-1.5, determines according to organic matter type in mud shale and diagenesis evolution stage; ρ
mfor mud shale density, generally get 2.5g/cm
3; ρ
ofor organic density, generally get 1.0g/cm
3.
Total organic content substitution above formula that organic carbon analysis is obtained, obtains organic volume fraction.
3) determine the mineral composition of mud shale by thin slice qualification under mirror and total rock mineralogical analysis, obtain the volume fraction of the mineral constituent of ash (cloud) matter, the mineral constituent of long English matter and clay mineral component.
4) rock type is divided according to the principle of " four component three end members ".Four components refer to organic matter fraction, carbonate mineral component, clay mineral component and the mineral constituent of long English matter; Three end members are ash (cloud) matter, clayey and long English matter.
5) whether exceed 15% according to organic matter fraction volume fraction, divide the large class of mud shale, those of exceeding is rich organic mud shale, otherwise is organic-lean's mud shale.
6) in the large class of rich organic mud shale, divide group according to organic matter type, taking sapropel type as main, be called greasy filth shale, and taking humus type as main, be called charcoal mud shale.
7) in the large class of organic-lean's mud shale, getting the mineral constituent of ash (cloud) matter, the mineral constituent of long English matter and clay mineral component is the triangular plot center of three end members, in conjunction with granularmetric analysis, is divided into ash (cloud) petrographic province, flour sand petrographic province and clay petrographic province Deng Sange district.
8) in each district, adopt the method for reclassify to divide the group of organic-lean's mud shale.Reclassify refer to relative content in three end members maximum be decided to be important name, relative content is before being decided to be " í í matter " and writing on important name of 25%-50%, relative content is between being decided to be of 10%-25% " containing í í " and write up front, relative content be less than 10% do not participate in classification.
9) in ash (cloud) petrographic province, how many important names of group is determined according to the relative of grey matter and cloud matter, and as kalzit content is greater than rauhkalk content, important name is limestone, otherwise is cloud rock.
10) the classification mud shale that finally adopts rock core macrostructure and rock type to combine.
11) consider practical principle, solve the tediously long problem of name, retain classical conventional title, name is simplified to processing.
Wherein, in the large class of rich organic mud shale, if macrostructure lamellar or the laminated of greasy filth shale, name as resinous shale, other macrostructures are decided to be greasy filth rock, and if macrostructure lamellar or the laminated of charcoal mud shale, name as charcoal shale, other macrostructures are decided to be charcoal mud stone.
In the large class of organic-lean's mud shale, in the same rank of three grades of titles, only retain the component that content is relatively many, as lamellar aleuritic texture adobe rock is reduced to lamellar adobe rock.
Embodiment:
Be mainly Vlei and partly dark lacustrine environment according to abundant two sections of Subei Basin, grow large cover mud shale, type is enriched and part mud shale oil-containing.Carry out mud shale geological research, abundant two sections of Subei Basin is carried out to Classification of Shales.
The first step, by core observation, according to the macrostructure criteria for classifying, determines the macrostructure type of abundant two sections of mud shales.The abundant two sections of macrostructure types in study area are abundant, from laminated to bulk, all exist, and taking lamelliform and stratiform as main, block, lamellar and laminated take second place.
Second step, determines that by kerogen maceration type organic in mud shale is mainly sapropel type; Determine the total content of organic carbon of mud shale by organic carbon analysis, utilize total content of organic carbon, conversion coefficient, organic density and rock density, obtain organic matter fraction volume fraction, the following formula of concrete operation method basis:
The two sections of total organic contents of mound that obtain by organic carbon analysis; Abundant two sections of mud shale organic matters are mainly sapropel type, and diagenetic stage is in the middle diagenesis A phase, therefore organic matter transformation COEFFICIENT K gets 1.3; Mud shale density is got 2.5g/cm
3; Organic density is got 1.0g/cm
3; The organic volume fraction that above-mentioned parameter substitution formula is obtained to abundant two sections of mud shales, its mark is at 1%-32%.
The 3rd step, determines the mineral composition of mud shale by thin slice qualification and total rock mineralogical analysis under mirror, obtain the volume fraction of the mineral constituent of abundant two sections of mud shale ashes (cloud) matter, the mineral constituent of long English matter and clay mineral component.
The 4th step, rock type is divided according to the principle of " four component three end members ".
Taking organic matter fraction volume fraction 15% as boundary, two sections of mud shales of mound are divided into rich organic mud shale and organic-lean's mud shale.
In the large class of rich organic mud shale, divide group according to organic matter type, abundant two sections of organic matters, taking sapropel type as main, are decided to be greasy filth shale.
In the large class of organic-lean's mud shale, getting the mineral constituent of ash (cloud) matter, the mineral constituent of long English matter and clay mineral component is the triangular plot center of three end members, in conjunction with granularmetric analysis, two sections of organic-lean's mud shales of mound are divided into ash (cloud) petrographic province, flour sand petrographic province and clay petrographic province Deng Sange district.
In each district, adopt the method for reclassify to divide the group of abundant two sections of organic-lean's mud shales, as contained flour sand adobe rock.
In ash (cloud) petrographic province, how many important names of group is determined according to the relative of grey matter and cloud matter, as kalzit content in clayey ash (cloud) rock is greater than rauhkalk content, is decided to be clayey limestone.
The 5th step, the abundant two sections of mud shales of classification that adopt macrostructure and rock type to combine, if lamellar is containing flour sand adobe rock.
The 6th step, considers oil field practicality, solves the tediously long problem of name, retains classical conventional title, and Classification And Nomenclature is simplified to processing.
In abundant two sections of large classes of the organic mud shale of richness, grow greasy filth shale group, when the macrostructure of greasy filth shale is lamellar or laminated, be decided to be resinous shale, and macrostructure is while be bulk, stratiform or lamelliform, is decided to be greasy filth rock.
In abundant two sections of large classes of organic-lean's mud shale, in the same rank of three grades of titles, only retain the component that content is relatively many, as lamellar aleuritic texture adobe rock is reduced to lamellar adobe rock.
Finally realizing the abundant two sections of mud shales of Subei Basin according to said method divides.Abundant two sections of mud shales are grown rich organic mud shale and the large class of organic-lean's mud shale two.Main growth resinous shale and greasy filth rock two groups in the large class of rich organic mud shale, and main 16 groups such as laminated cloud matter tonstein, lamellar clayey cloud rock, lamelliform silty clay rock and laminated clay matter siltstone of growing in the large class of organic-lean's mud shale.
Sorting technique of the present invention can reflect the origin cause of formation of mud shale, can be applicable to again the Classification of Shales method of desk research and outside work, and form mud shale divide method step, divide and provide a kind of logic reasonable and workable method for mud shale, solve Classification of Shales method various and neglect the problem of organic matter fraction, for studying the origin cause of formation of mud shale, and can guide field well logging and fracturing reform work.
Claims (10)
1. a sorting technique for mud shale, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) determine the macrostructure type of mud shale by core observation;
2) determine organic matter type and total content of organic carbon by kerogen and organic carbon analysis, and utilize total content of organic carbon, conversion coefficient, organic density and rock density, obtain organic matter fraction volume fraction, the following formula of concrete operation method basis:
Wherein, V
ofor organic volume fraction; W
ofor total content of organic carbon; K is organic matter transformation coefficient; ρ
mfor mud shale density; ρ
ofor organic density; Total organic content substitution above formula that organic carbon analysis is obtained, obtains organic volume fraction;
3) identify by thin slice the mineral composition of determining mud shale with total rock mineralogical analysis, obtain the volume fraction of the mineral constituent of ash (cloud) matter, the mineral constituent of long English matter and clay mineral component;
4) classification of rock type is according to the principle of " four component three end members ";
5) whether exceed 15% according to organic matter fraction volume fraction, divide the large class of mud shale;
6) in the large class of mud shale, divide group according to organic matter type;
7) finally adopt the method that rock core macrostructure and rock type combine to divide mud shale Rational Simplification.
2. the sorting technique of a kind of mud shale according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the macrostructure type in described step 1) is: lamina spacing is greater than 50cm person for block, lamina spacing 10cm-50cm person is stratiform, lamina spacing is that 1cm-10cm person is lamelliform, lamina spacing is that 1mm-1cm person is lamellar, and lamina spacing is less than 1mm person for laminated.
3. the sorting technique of a kind of mud shale according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2) in organic type, be divided into sapropel type and humus type.
4. the sorting technique of a kind of mud shale according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the coefficient of the abundance of organic matter in described step 3), determine according to organic matter type in mud shale and diagenesis evolution stage, between 1.1-1.5; Mud shale density, generally gets 2.5g/cm
3; Organic density, generally gets 1.0g/cm
3.
5. the sorting technique of a kind of mud shale according to claim 1, is characterized in that: four components in described step 4) refer to organic matter fraction, carbonate mineral component, clay mineral component and the mineral constituent of long English matter; Three end members are ash (cloud) matter, clayey and long English matter.
6. the sorting technique of a kind of mud shale according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the large class of mud shale in described step 5), organic matter fraction volume fraction is to exceed 15% for rich organic mud shale, otherwise is organic-lean's mud shale.
7. the sorting technique of a kind of mud shale according to claim 6, is characterized in that: in the large class of the organic mud shale of described richness, divide group according to organic matter type, taking sapropel type as main, be called greasy filth shale, and taking humus type as main, be called charcoal mud shale; In the large class of organic-lean's mud shale, getting the mineral constituent of ash (cloud) matter, the mineral constituent of long English matter and clay mineral component is the triangular plot center of three end members, in conjunction with granularmetric analysis, is divided into ash (cloud) petrographic province, flour sand petrographic province and clay petrographic province Deng Sange district.
8. the sorting technique of a kind of mud shale according to claim 7, is characterized in that: in each district, adopt the method for reclassify to divide the group of organic-lean's mud shale.
9. the sorting technique of a kind of mud shale according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described reclassify refer to relative content in three end members maximum be decided to be important name, relative content between 25%-50% write on important name before, relative content is write up front between 10%-25%'s, relative content be less than 10% do not participate in classification; In ash (cloud) petrographic province, how many important names of group is determined according to the relative of grey matter and cloud matter.
10. the sorting technique of a kind of mud shale according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after the method division that in described step (7), employing rock core macrostructure and rock type combine, to mud shale title Rational Simplification, its concrete operation method is:
In the large class of rich organic mud shale, if macrostructure lamellar or the laminated of greasy filth shale are named as resinous shale, other macrostructures are decided to be greasy filth rock, if and macrostructure lamellar or the laminated of charcoal mud shale are named as charcoal shale, other macrostructures are decided to be charcoal mud stone; In the large class of organic-lean's mud shale, in the same rank of three grades of titles, only retain the component that content is relatively many.
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