CN111368448B - Working procedure simulation method under virtual geographic environment - Google Patents
Working procedure simulation method under virtual geographic environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process engineering method simulation method under a virtual geographic environment, which comprises the steps of firstly performing component level decomposition and reassembly on a construction site three-dimensional model, and superposing topography and image data to provide a visual simulation environment for a construction process; and performing construction method simulation on the construction machine, performing construction process simulation based on time sequence display of the model component on the whole construction process, then incorporating the construction method simulation into the construction process simulation process, and finally completing the simulation of the process construction method in the whole construction process in a virtual geographic environment. The method combines the construction method simulation and the process simulation, and realizes the multi-scale expression of the construction process; meanwhile, the invention presents the whole construction process in a three-dimensional simulation mode in a virtual geographic environment, and truly and effectively provides a visual analysis method and scientific basis for hidden trouble shooting and decision management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of construction simulation, in particular to a process engineering method simulation method in a virtual geographic environment.
Background
The construction simulation can simulate the real construction and building process in the virtual world, and problems possibly occurring in the actual construction can be found in advance through 'trial-before-building'. The existing construction simulation method is mainly based on modeling software such as 3ds Max and CATIA, bentley, and the like, and the construction process is simulated by using a three-dimensional surface patch model or a fine BIM model to perform collision detection, virtual assembly and other works. However, the method only focuses on solving specific problems in the construction link, and neglects the grasp of the relation with the geographical environment around the construction.
The virtual geographic environments (VGEs, virtual Geographic Environments) describe real geographic objects using dynamic spatio-temporal data, enabling experiments and analysis in virtual space with real spatio-temporal context. The virtual construction environment is constructed in the virtual geographic space, so that static objects such as construction sites, buildings and the like can have spatial information such as geographic positions and the like, and dynamic spatial relations such as topography filling, construction channel selection, construction process and the like can be reflected.
At present, the construction simulation in the virtual geographic environment mainly combines numerical simulation and scene simulation, and focuses on visual display of simulation model calculation results. There are also some studies that simulate the progress of construction by accessing real-time monitoring data. The simulation method focuses on the calculation of a simulation mathematical model, only presents data simply in a visual level, only reflects the arrangement of a process flow and a guiding progress plan, and does not have a method specifically adopted in the actual simulation construction process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a process engineering method simulation method in a virtual geographic environment.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical proposal.
A process engineering method simulation method under a virtual geographic environment comprises the following steps:
step 1: performing component level decomposition on the three-dimensional model of the construction site according to construction requirements, repositioning and assembling the decomposed component model, and generating a virtual geographic environment based on the decomposition and reassembly of the three-dimensional model of the construction site and fusion of multi-source heterogeneous data; the multi-source heterogeneous data comprises a DEM, a DOM, a three-dimensional model, a line vector, a text annotation and an attribute table.
In step 1, component level decomposition of the three-dimensional model of the construction site is achieved by the following process: firstly traversing a single three-dimensional model, acquiring each leaf node element, and taking each leaf node element as a component model object; then centering and backing the origin of the component model object (namely taking the midpoint of the bottom surface of the component model object as the origin of a model coordinate system), recording the coordinates (DX, DY, DZ) and element names (FileName) of each component model object, and outputting the coordinates (DX, DY, DZ) and element names to a model assembly table in a text format; and finally exporting and storing the current component model object as an independent model file.
In step 1, repositioning and assembling of the three-dimensional model of the construction site refers to converting the relative coordinates of the model objects of each component in the model coordinate system into absolute coordinates in the geographic coordinate system, and repositioning and assembling in the virtual geographic environment, and is realized by the following processes:
(1) The model coordinate system is converted into an engineering coordinate system: obtaining the position and the posture of the three-dimensional model of the construction site under the engineering coordinate system through construction engineering design data and model geometric dimensions, and then obtaining the assembly coordinates of the model objects of each component in the engineering coordinate system through position translation and posture rotation according to the position and the posture of the three-dimensional model of the construction site under the engineering coordinate system and the relative position data in a model assembly table;
(2) The engineering coordinate system is converted into a WGS84 coordinate system: the engineering coordinate system is generally a plane rectangular coordinate system after projection, and in order to display a three-dimensional scene with long mileage and large span, a WGS84 coordinate system is required; the absolute coordinates of each component model object under the WGS84 coordinate system are obtained by carrying out reprojection calculation on the coordinates of each component model object under the engineering coordinate system and calculating a projection azimuth angle correction value, namely a meridian convergence angle correction value; the meridian convergence angle correction value is calculated according to the following formula, wherein the farther the common Gaussian projection is from the central meridian and the central latitude, the larger the azimuth deviation is, and the non-equal azimuth projection is for the vector:
γ＝ΔL×sinB，
wherein, gamma is the correction value of the convergence angle of meridian, deltaL is the longitude difference between the coordinate position point and the central meridian, and B is the latitude of the position where B is located;
(3) In the three-dimensional platform software, according to absolute coordinates of each component model and the component model under the WGS84 system, three-dimensional point symbol instantiation is performed to generate a layer, repositioning and assembling of component model objects in a virtual geographic environment are realized, and the layer is used for carrying out component level management on the three-dimensional model, and realizing model display control and attribute information linking.
Step 2: and (3) performing component decomposition and reassembly on the three-dimensional model of the construction machine according to construction requirements, and simultaneously establishing an adhesion linkage relation among components to realize construction method simulation based on construction machine joint linkage so as to display a construction method of local and complex construction points in a virtual geographic environment.
In step 2, the construction machine three-dimensional model is subjected to component level decomposition according to the method of step 1.
Step 3: and decomposing the whole construction procedure to each construction action from top to bottom according to the construction requirement, and playing the construction actions according to the time sequence to complete the simulation of the construction procedure.
In step 3, the decomposition of the overall construction process is achieved by: the whole construction process is decomposed into a plurality of sub-processes, each sub-process is further decomposed into a plurality of construction steps, each sub-process is stored in a play list, parameter data of each construction step is stored in a key frame of the play list, and one key frame is the result of visualizing one construction action.
In step 3, the parameter data includes a time parameter, a viewpoint parameter, a browsing action parameter, and a model state parameter; the time parameters are used in the play list to drive viewpoint parameters, browsing action parameters and model state parameters, so that the viewpoint parameters, the browsing action parameters and the model state parameters are displayed one by one according to a certain time sequence, and the construction procedure simulation based on the time sequence display of the model component is completed.
In step 3, the time parameters include time and duration, the viewpoint parameters include viewpoint positions and viewpoint postures, the browsing action parameters include flying and roaming, and the model state parameters include displaying, hiding and moving.
Step 4: and (3) merging the local-oriented construction method simulation of the step (2) into the integral-flow-oriented construction process simulation of the step (3), and cooperatively completing the whole construction simulation process in a virtual geographic environment.
The construction requirements include a construction method requirement and a construction performance requirement, and the construction performance requirement includes a movement relation between sub-joints during mechanical operation.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method combines the construction method simulation and the process simulation, and realizes the multi-scale expression of the construction process. According to the invention, the construction process is displayed from different granularities through the construction process simulation of the time sequence display of the model part and the construction method simulation of the construction mechanical joint linkage, so that the macroscopic and rough construction process display can be realized, and the microscopic and fine construction method simulation can be realized. Other construction simulation methods only focus on single construction process simulation or construction method simulation, and the construction method simulation is not integrated into the process simulation process.
2. The invention presents the whole construction process in a three-dimensional simulation mode in a virtual geographic environment, and truly and effectively provides a visual analysis method for hidden trouble shooting and decision management. The analysis of the working range between the construction machine and the surrounding environment and the simulation of the dynamic spatial relationship between other construction machines provide scientific basis for the establishment of the spatial arrangement scheme of the construction machine and the rationality of the working method. Other construction simulation methods only pay attention to solving specific problems in construction links, neglect the grasp of the relation between the construction simulation method and the geographical environment around the construction, and the application of the construction simulation is only stopped at a visual layer, so that hidden trouble investigation between construction machinery and the surrounding environment in the operation process is not facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of model decomposition and derivation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the coordinate system conversion of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the generation of a virtual geographic environment for a railway in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the tower crane model decomposition and attachment linkage relationship of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an exploded schematic view of the bridge construction process of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a simulation of a construction process of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a comparative schematic illustration of the tower crane deployment scenario of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a simulation of the construction process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and figures. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The method for simulating the working procedure under the virtual geographic environment is used for simulating the bridge construction in the railway line, and the specific process is as follows.
1. Virtual geographic environment generation based on model decomposition and reassembly
1.1 railway worksite three-dimensional model component level decomposition
In order to simulate the construction process, component level decomposition and reassembly are carried out on the three-dimensional model, then the three-dimensional model is imported into three-dimensional platform software in a layer mode, and after the decomposition, the position information of each component of the railway working point model is required to be recalculated, so that reassembly in a virtual geographic environment is completed.
As shown in fig. 1, a single three-dimensional model is traversed firstly, each leaf node element is obtained, and each leaf node element is taken as a component model object; then centering and backing the origin of the component model object (namely taking the midpoint of the bottom surface of the component model object as the origin of a model coordinate system), recording the coordinates (DX, DY, DZ) and element names (FileName) of each component model object, and outputting the coordinates (DX, DY, DZ) and element names to a model assembly table in a text format; and finally exporting and storing the current component model object as an independent model file.
1.2 railway worksite three-dimensional model repositioning and Assembly
When the three-dimensional model component level decomposition and derivation are performed, the relative positional relationship between the component model and the model origin under the model coordinate system is described. In a virtual geographic environment, in order to realize accurate positioning of a model, the coordinates of an insertion point and a rotation angle of the model need to be specified, so that the relative coordinates in a coordinate system of the model need to be converted into absolute coordinates in a geographic coordinate system. The main steps of the coordinate system transformation are shown in fig. 2, and specifically described as follows:
(1) Model coordinate system→engineering coordinate system: and in the railway design and construction stage, using an engineering coordinate system, the position and the posture of the railway working point three-dimensional model under the engineering coordinate system can be obtained through line design data and model geometric dimensions, and according to the position and posture information of the railway working point three-dimensional model in the engineering coordinate system and the relative position data in a model assembly table, the assembly coordinates of each component model object in the engineering coordinate system can be obtained through position translation and posture rotation.
(2) Engineering coordinate system→wgs84 coordinate system: the engineering coordinate system is generally a plane rectangular coordinate system after projection, and in order to display a railway three-dimensional scene with long mileage and large span, a WGS84 coordinate system is required; the absolute coordinates of each component model object under the WGS84 coordinate system are obtained by carrying out reprojection calculation on the coordinates of each component model object under the engineering coordinate system and calculating a projection azimuth angle correction value, namely a meridian convergence angle correction value; the meridian convergence angle correction value is calculated according to the following formula, wherein the farther the common Gaussian projection is from the central meridian and the central latitude, the larger the azimuth deviation is, and the non-equal azimuth projection is for the vector:
γ＝ΔL×sinB
wherein, gamma is the correction value of the convergence angle of meridian, deltaL is the longitude difference between the coordinate position point and the central meridian, and B is the latitude of the position where B is.
Finally, in the three-dimensional platform software, according to the absolute coordinates of each component model and the component model under the WGS84 system, carrying out three-dimensional point symbol instantiation to generate a layer, and realizing the repositioning and assembly of the component model object in the virtual environment, wherein the layer is used for carrying out component level management on the three-dimensional model, and realizing the display control and the linking of attribute information of the model.
1.3 virtual geographic Environment Generation
FIG. 3 illustrates the generation of a virtual geographic environment for a railway, which essentially includes multi-modal spatio-temporal data fusion, data organization, and optimization. Because the construction method of the railway virtual geographic environment is mature, the invention is only briefly described as follows:
(1) Multi-modal spatiotemporal data fusion: the railway virtual geographic environment mainly comprises multi-source heterogeneous data such as DEM (Digital Elevation Model ), DOM (Digital Orthophoto Map, digital orthophoto map), three-dimensional model, line vector, text annotation, attribute table and the like. Because the railway line is in a strip shape, the topography and the image along the railway line adopt high-resolution data, and the position far from the railway line adopts low-resolution data. The low-resolution DOM adopts satellite images, the high-resolution DOM adopts aerial images, the low-resolution DEM adopts SRTM data, and the high-resolution DEM adopts laser radar data. In order to demonstrate the construction process, it is necessary to split the three-dimensional model of the construction site into many sub-components, including the construction main body model (bridge) and the construction machinery model (tower crane, crane). The line vector data records the mileage information of the line, and can realize quick positioning according to the mileage data; the character annotation can be used for annotating information in the virtual geographic environment and prompting actions in the construction simulation process; the attribute data records information such as the name, ID, spatial position, spatial posture, scaling and the like of the model.
(2) Data organization and optimization: the virtual geographic environment data has a large variety and a huge quantity, and the data needs to be organized and optimized so as to improve the efficiency of data browsing and accessing. The DEM and the DOM perform data optimization in a hierarchical tile organization management mode of layering and blocking, and are managed in a layer mode; the three-dimensional model may be optimized by setting a maximum visible distance, a minimum visible distance, setting LoD (Level of detail), and the like. Since the three-dimensional model at the construction site is decomposed, the main body model is managed as a parent node and the respective component models are managed as child nodes in the virtual geographic environment.
(3) Virtual geographic environment generation: the multi-mode space-time data are unified under the same space-time reference, such as a WGS84 coordinate system, so that the railway virtual geographic environment is generated. Wherein the three-dimensional model is loaded into the virtual geographic environment in the form of three-dimensional point symbols.
2. Construction method simulation based on construction mechanical joint linkage
The construction method needs to be performed by a specific construction machine, and a tower crane is a common construction machine. Decomposing the tower crane model into components such as a front cantilever, a rear cantilever, a tower crane section and the like according to a model component level decomposing and reassembling method, and reassembling; meanwhile, the front cantilever and the rear cantilever of the tower crane are in an attachment relationship, so that a space linkage relationship between the cantilevers is ensured, the front cantilever drives the rear cantilever to rotate together by the same angle when rotating, and the effective working range of the tower crane under the conditions of different heights and different positions can be calculated by rotating the cantilevers. Fig. 4 illustrates tower crane model disassembly and attachment linkage.
3. Construction procedure simulation based on time sequence display of model component
The railway facility equipment is often complicated, the corresponding three-dimensional model is also required to be disassembled into small parts, and the display and the hiding of the small parts are controlled according to the time information and the time information of different time points and time durations, so that the simulation of the construction process is realized, namely the simulation of the construction process based on the time sequence display of the model parts.
3.1 construction Process decomposition
In the construction process simulation, the whole construction process is split from top to bottom and divided into a plurality of sub-processes, and then each sub-process is further divided until each detail action is split. In this embodiment, the whole construction process of bridge construction in the railway line can be decomposed into four parts of construction preparation, lower structure construction, beam structure construction and auxiliary structure construction, as shown in fig. 5; wherein each section may be further divided into a number of construction work steps, and each work step ultimately corresponds to a keyframe in the virtual geographic environment. For example, the construction preparation stage can be further divided into the steps of leveling a site, setting out a pile position, positioning a drilling machine, and the like, and the auxiliary structure construction includes construction of bridge deck engineering and auxiliary engineering.
3.2 simulation of construction procedure
Each construction sub-process can be stored by a play list, wherein time information, viewpoint information, browsing actions and model states are stored in the play list; the time information is the most important information, and determines the duration of a certain action at a certain time point, and the action can be movement of a viewpoint, display and hiding of a model, and the like. As shown in fig. 6, the information in the playlist is sequentially played according to the time information, that is, animation of the sub-process is formed, and when all the sub-lists are played, simulation of the overall process is formed.
The simulation of the construction process can be completed by generating animation through a small number of key frames. After the engineering main body model and the engineering auxiliary model are disassembled and reassembled, the time period for displaying or hiding each component is set, and the display/hiding state of the model is drawn on a key frame. In these key frames, the position and posture of the viewpoint can also be recorded for better observation of the construction process. Meanwhile, actions such as flying, roaming and the like can be inserted between key frames, so that construction conditions of different positions can be browsed. Finally, the key frames are sequentially played according to the time sequence, so that the animation expression of the key frames in the working procedure is realized.
Finally, in the generated virtual geographic environment, the local construction method simulation based on the construction mechanical joint linkage is integrated into the whole flow-oriented construction process simulation process based on the model component time sequence display, and the whole construction simulation process is completed cooperatively in the virtual geographic environment.
The simulation of the working procedure of bridge construction in the railway line can be summarized as follows: the bridge construction site environment modeling is formed by fusion of multi-source data such as satellite images, oblique photography, laser radars and the like, and the splitting and modeling of engineering main objects and related engineering auxiliary objects are determined according to the requirements of construction methods and construction performances; after modeling of various objects is completed, positioning and integrating the models according to the relative spatial relation of various objects in the construction process; according to the model positioning method, the whole bridge is decomposed, and reassembly is performed in a virtual geographic environment; then, decomposing and reassembling the tower crane model, and establishing an attachment linkage relation to complete the construction method simulation of the bearing platform and the pier body; decomposing the construction procedures according to the building components and the construction sequence, dividing the construction procedures into working procedures such as bearing platform construction, tower crane construction, pier body construction, superstructure construction, folding and the like, associating the planned construction time, and controlling the display and hiding states of each component according to the time sequence so as to finish the simulation of the whole construction procedure; finally, the construction method simulation of the tower crane is integrated into the construction process simulation process, and the bridge construction simulation process in the whole railway line is completed cooperatively in a virtual geographic environment.
The model positioning method comprises an absolute positioning method and a relative positioning method, wherein the absolute positioning method is used for calculating the placement coordinates and the postures of the model in a geographic coordinate system, and the model is directly positioned according to the placement coordinates and the postures; the relative positioning method uses another model with absolute positioning as a matrix, calculates the position offset and the attitude offset of the model relative to the matrix, and converts the positioning model through the relative relation.
As shown in fig. 7, the process engineering simulation in the virtual geographic environment can be used to guide the establishment of a tower crane layout scheme, wherein scheme 1 shows a scheme of initializing the tower crane by using 4 segments, and since the working range of the tower crane does not meet the self-hoisting requirement, the subsequent segments cannot be hoisted from a temporary bridge; in the scheme 2, 5 sections of initial tower cranes are adopted, at the moment, the probability of collision with a steep slope is reduced due to the fact that the tower cranes are lifted, the working range of the tower cranes meets the requirements, but the working range of a crane is close to the limit, the space between a large crane arm and a cantilever of the tower cranes is limited, and the installation of the tower cranes cannot be completed by using the crane; finally, the scheme 3 adopts 4-section initial tower cranes and excavates earthwork on the side slope behind the tower cranes, thereby meeting the operating range of the tower cranes and meeting the space between a crane and hoisting.
Fig. 8 shows construction procedures of construction passageway selection, trestle construction, foundation pit filling, construction platform layout, pier construction, bridge construction and closure and the like in a virtual geographic environment, wherein the construction passageway, trestle and foundation pit belong to engineering auxiliary models, the platform, pier and bridge belong to engineering main engineering, and each model and components thereof are loaded into the virtual geographic environment in the form of a layer. The simulation of the construction procedure provides a basis for the feasibility of the approach of the construction machine and the construction method.
The simulation method of the working procedure and the working procedure under the virtual geographic environment can carry out multi-scale display on the construction working procedure and the working procedure in the virtual geographic environment, and can provide scientific basis for potential safety hazard investigation and establishment of a construction scheme.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The process engineering method simulation method under the virtual geographic environment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: performing component level decomposition on the three-dimensional model of the construction site according to construction requirements, repositioning and assembling the decomposed component model, and generating a virtual geographic environment based on the decomposition and reassembly of the three-dimensional model of the construction site and fusion of multi-source heterogeneous data;
step 2: performing component decomposition and reassembly on the three-dimensional model of the construction machine according to construction requirements, and simultaneously establishing an attachment linkage relation among components to realize construction method simulation based on construction machine joint linkage so as to display a construction method of local and complex construction points in a virtual geographic environment;
step 3: decomposing the whole construction process to each construction action from top to bottom according to the construction requirement, and playing the construction actions according to the time sequence to complete the simulation of the construction process;
step 4: merging the construction method simulation of the step 2 into the construction process simulation process of the step 3, and cooperatively completing the whole construction simulation process in a virtual geographic environment;
wherein: in step 1, repositioning and assembling of the three-dimensional model of the construction site refers to converting the relative coordinates of the model objects of each component in the model coordinate system into absolute coordinates in the geographic coordinate system, and repositioning and assembling in the virtual geographic environment, and is realized by the following processes:
firstly, converting a model coordinate system into an engineering coordinate system, obtaining the position and the posture of a three-dimensional model of a construction site under the engineering coordinate system through construction engineering design data and model geometric dimensions, and then obtaining the assembly coordinates of model objects of each component in the engineering coordinate system through position translation and posture rotation according to the position and the posture of the three-dimensional model of the construction site under the engineering coordinate system and relative position data in a model assembly table;
then converting the engineering coordinate system into a WGS84 coordinate system, and obtaining absolute coordinates of each component model object under the WGS84 coordinate system by carrying out reprojection calculation on the coordinates of each component model object under the engineering coordinate system and calculating a projection azimuth angle correction value, namely a meridian convergence angle correction value; the calculation method of the meridian convergence angle correction value comprises the following steps:
γ＝ΔL×sinB，
wherein, gamma is the correction value of the convergence angle of meridian, deltaL is the longitude difference between the coordinate position point and the central meridian, and B is the latitude of the position where B is located;
finally, in the three-dimensional platform software, according to the absolute coordinates of each component model and the component model under the WGS84 system, carrying out three-dimensional point symbol instantiation to generate a layer, and realizing the repositioning and assembly of the component model object in the virtual geographic environment, wherein the layer is used for carrying out component level management on the three-dimensional model, and realizing the display control and the linking of attribute information of the model.
2. The simulation method of a process engineering method in a virtual geographic environment according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, component level decomposition of a three-dimensional model of a construction site is achieved by: firstly traversing a single three-dimensional model, acquiring each leaf node element, and taking each leaf node element as a component model object; then centering and bottoming the original point of the component model object, recording the coordinates and element names of each component model object, and outputting the coordinates and element names to a model assembly table in a text format; and finally exporting and storing the current component model object as an independent model file.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the multi-source heterogeneous data includes DEM, DOM, three-dimensional model, line vector, text annotation, attribute table.
4. The process engineering simulation method under a virtual geographic environment according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the decomposition of the overall construction process is achieved by: the whole construction process is decomposed into a plurality of sub-processes, each sub-process is further decomposed into a plurality of construction steps, each sub-process is stored in a play list, parameter data of each construction step is stored in a key frame of the play list, and one key frame is the construction action.
5. The simulation method of the process engineering method under the virtual geographic environment according to claim 4, wherein in the step 3, the parameter data includes a time parameter, a viewpoint parameter, a browsing action parameter, and a model state parameter; the time parameters are used in the play list to drive viewpoint parameters, browsing action parameters and model state parameters, so that the viewpoint parameters, the browsing action parameters and the model state parameters are displayed one by one according to a certain time sequence, and the construction procedure simulation based on the time sequence display of the model component is completed.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step 3, the time parameter includes time and duration, the viewpoint parameter includes viewpoint position and viewpoint posture, the browsing action parameter includes flight and roaming, and the model state parameter includes display, hiding and moving.
7. The process engineering simulation method in a virtual geographic environment of claim 1, wherein the construction requirements include a construction engineering requirement and a construction performance requirement, the construction performance requirement including a kinematic relationship between sub-joints when the machine is operated.
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