CN111366708B - Experimental device and method for obtaining rock fracture distribution and hydraulic parameters - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for obtaining rock fracture distribution and hydraulic parameters Download PDFInfo
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- CN111366708B CN111366708B CN202010317397.2A CN202010317397A CN111366708B CN 111366708 B CN111366708 B CN 111366708B CN 202010317397 A CN202010317397 A CN 202010317397A CN 111366708 B CN111366708 B CN 111366708B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 71
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003403 water pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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Abstract
The invention relates to an experimental device and method for acquiring rock fracture distribution and hydraulic parameters, which comprises the following steps: sample housing: the gas connector is used for being arranged on the periphery of a sample, and a plurality of gas connectors which can be communicated and blocked are arranged on the sample shell; sealing the film: the sealing film at the outer side surface part of the sample can press the outer side surface of the sample under the action of the sample shell, and the sealing film at the outer side surface part of the sample is provided with a through hole matched with the gas joint; top and bottom plates: the experimental device is used for contacting the sealing films at the top surface and the bottom surface of the sample and pressing the sealing films against the top surface and the bottom surface of the sample through the pressing mechanism.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fractured rock mass experimental equipment, in particular to an experimental device and method for acquiring rock fracture distribution and hydraulic parameters.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
In some geoscience applications, such as water supply engineering, pollutant transport, radioactive waste disposal, geothermal energy utilization and a number of geotechnical engineering examples, modeling and characterization of flow and transport processes in fractured rock masses has attracted increasing attention. However, due to the large difference between the flow and transport parameters of fractured rock mass in the fracture and rock matrix, the fracture network has complicated geometric shapes and some problems caused by experimental scale, and it is difficult to determine the hydraulic parameters of fractured rock mass for modeling in experiments.
In the pneumatic tomography method, a plurality of groups of directional measurements are carried out on a certain specific parameter, and then inversion calculation is carried out on the obtained information, so that a three-dimensional image of parameter distribution can be obtained. Some specific natural or artificial phenomena may be described by interpretation of the resulting three-dimensional image. The principle can also be used for investigating the spatial distribution of parameters in rocks or soil, so that the hydraulic parameters and the fracture distribution of fractured rocks can be obtained. However, the inventor finds that the current pneumatic tomography experimental device is still imperfect, a mature experimental system is not formed yet, and the air tightness control and stability are insufficient, which can cause certain influence on experimental results. Therefore, a mature experimental device capable of effectively representing fracture distribution and hydraulic characteristics of the rock is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides an experimental device for obtaining rock fracture distribution and hydraulic parameters, has good air tightness and stability, and can effectively obtain the fracture distribution and hydraulic characteristics of a rock sample.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an experimental apparatus for obtaining rock fracture distribution and hydraulic parameters, including:
sample housing: the gas connector is used for being arranged on the periphery of a sample, and a plurality of gas connectors which can be communicated and blocked are arranged on the sample shell;
sealing the film: the sealing film at the outer side surface part of the sample can press the outer side surface of the sample under the action of the sample shell, and the sealing film at the outer side surface part of the sample is provided with a through hole matched with the gas joint;
top and bottom plates: the sealing films are respectively used for contacting with the sealing films at the top surface and the bottom surface of the sample, and the sealing films can be pressed with the top surface and the bottom surface of the sample through the pressing mechanism.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for obtaining an experimental apparatus for rock fracture distribution and hydraulic parameters, including the following steps:
step 1: the outer surface of a sample with a crack network is wrapped by a sealing film and placed in a sample shell, the sealing film on the outer side surface of the sample is pressed on the outer side surface of the sample by the sample shell, and the sealing films on the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample are respectively pressed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample by a top plate and a bottom plate.
Step 2: and selecting the set gas connectors as a gas inlet and a gas outlet respectively, and plugging the other gas connectors.
And step 3: injecting compressed air into the sample through a gas inlet, and measuring the gas flow of a gas outlet by using a flowmeter until a stable gas flow field is established;
and 4, step 4: after a stable gas flow field is established, injecting a gas tracer into the sample through a gas bypass, and recording a penetration curve of the gas tracer;
and 5: changing gas joints serving as a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and repeating the steps 3-4 to obtain a plurality of penetration curves;
step 6: and analyzing the obtained multiple penetration curves to obtain the fracture distribution and the hydraulic parameters of the sample.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the experimental device disclosed by the invention is simple in structure and convenient to operate, the sealing membrane can be tightly pressed on the outer surface of the sample through the sample shell, the top plate and the bottom plate, the air tightness and the stability of the sample are better, and the measurement result is more accurate.
2. The experimental device provided by the invention is provided with a plurality of gas connectors, and different gas connectors can be selected as a gas inlet and a gas outlet during experiments, so that the three-dimensional measurement of the sample is realized, the fracture distribution and the hydraulic characteristics of the sample are more comprehensively described, and the underground water pollutant prevention and control and geotechnical engineering construction are facilitated.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a housing portion according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a sealing tape according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the assembly of the sample, sealing membrane and sample housing of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the invention at A in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a front elevational view of the sample, sealing membrane, sample housing and gas fitting assembly of example 1 of the present invention;
the test device comprises a sample shell 1, a shell 1-1, a mounting hole 1-2, a sealing strip 2, a metal strip 3, a locking bolt 4, a gas joint 5, a sample 6, a through hole 7, an inner sealing film 8, an outer sealing film 9, a top plate 10, a flat plate 11, a support leg 12, a support rod 13, a compression bolt 14 and a pressure plate 15.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
For convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As introduced in the background art, the existing experimental device for acquiring rock fracture distribution and hydraulic parameters based on pneumatic tomography is still imperfect, and has insufficient air tightness control and stability.
Example 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, an experimental apparatus for obtaining rock fracture distribution and hydraulic parameters includes a sample housing, a sealing membrane, a pressing mechanism, a top plate, a bottom plate, and a gas joint.
In this embodiment, casing portion sets up to two, and two casing portions are half cylinder type structure, and two casing portions lock fixedly through the retaining member, and the surface department of two casing portion contacts is provided with sealing strip 2 for seal the space between two casing portions. The sealing strip is made of rubber, and the thickness of the sealing strip can be selected according to the diameter of a sample.
The retaining member adopts strap 3, and the strap sets up a plurality ofly, and a plurality of straps are arranged from top to bottom along the axis direction of sample casing, in this embodiment, the strap sets up threely, the strap includes first locking portion and second locking portion, first locking portion and second locking portion all adopt the arc metal sheet of semicircle type, first locking portion and second locking portion are fixed through locking bolt 4 locking, through first locking portion and second locking portion, can compress tightly two casing portions fixedly, form the sample casing.
The gas injection test device is characterized in that two rows of mounting holes 1-2 are formed in the sample shell, each row of mounting holes are provided with a plurality of mounting holes and are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the sample shell, the sample shell is provided with gas connectors 5 through the mounting holes, the gas connectors can be connected with an inflation mechanism and used for injecting gas into a sample in the sample shell, and the gas in the sample can also flow out through the gas connectors.
And a sealing layer is arranged between the gas joint and the hole wall of the mounting hole, and is made of silicon material in a coating mode and used for ensuring the air tightness between the mounting hole and the gas joint.
It is understood that the mounting holes and the gas connectors may be arranged in three or four or more rows, and the metal strips may be arranged in four or more rows, as the case may be.
The sealing plug can be plugged into the gas joint, the gas joint is plugged, and the sealing plug is pulled out, so that the gas joint can be conducted.
The sealing film is used for wrapping the outer surface of the sample and comprises a part for wrapping the outer side surface of the circumference of the sample 6 and a part for wrapping the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the sample.
After the sample is placed in the sample shell, the sealing film wrapped on the circumferential outer side surface of the sample can be pressed on the circumferential outer side surface of the sample under the action of the sample shell.
The top plate and the bottom plate are respectively placed on sealing films on the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample and are in contact with the sealing films on the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample, and the sealing films on the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample can be pressed and fixed through the pressing mechanism, so that the sample can keep good air tightness and stability, and the accuracy of an experimental result is ensured.
The part for wrapping the outer side surface of the circumference of the sample is provided with a plurality of through holes 7 matched with the gas connectors, and the gas connectors can inject gas into the sample through the through holes.
The seal membrane includes inlayer seal membrane 8 and outer seal membrane 9, the inlayer seal membrane adopts the elasticity plastic seal membrane, and thickness is 1mm-2mm, and outer seal membrane adopts soft rubber seal membrane, and thickness is 5mm-6mm, and two-layer seal membrane all has viscidity, can attach at the surface of sample.
Adopt two-layer seal membrane, sealed effect is better, and outer seal membrane is used for transmitting the radial force of sample casing, so adopt the higher soft rubber of intensity, thickness is great moreover, has guaranteed that transmission and outer seal membrane of power are not damaged, has increased the structural strength of whole seal membrane, the inlayer seal membrane is used for producing slight deformation under the effect of radial force to closely laminate in the lateral surface of sample, so its thickness is less and adopt the elastic plastic that warp relatively easily to make, makes things convenient for the laminating of inlayer seal membrane and sample outer peripheral face.
Roof 10 and bottom plate adopt with sample casing shape assorted circular slab, and roof and bottom plate all adopt wooden material to make, roof and bottom plate can set up the upper surface and the lower surface at the sample respectively, in this embodiment, the lateral surface of roof and bottom plate is provided with the sealing washer, and roof and bottom plate set up the upper and lower back of sample, and the lateral surface of roof and bottom plate utilizes the sealing washer to seal with the medial surface of sample casing.
The pressing mechanism comprises a platform, a supporting rod, a pressing bolt and a pressing plate.
The platform is used for supporting elements such as a sample shell, a bottom plate, a sample and a top plate, comprises a flat plate 11 and four support legs 12 fixed on the bottom surface of the flat plate, is made of wood materials, can support 100kg of experimental equipment and related articles to the maximum extent, cannot shake randomly, and ensures stable experiment.
The flat plate is fixedly connected with the bottom ends of the four support rods 13, the four support rods are uniformly arranged, threaded holes are formed in the top ends of the four support rods, the compression bolts 14 are in threaded connection with the support rods through the threaded holes, four through holes are formed in the compression plate 15, the compression plate can be arranged between bolt caps and top plates of the compression bolts through the through holes, the compression bolts are rotated, the compression bolts can move downwards along the axis direction of the support rods, the compression plate is driven to move towards the flat plate, the compression plate and the flat plate can act together, and the top plates, the bottom plates and the sealing films are respectively compressed on the upper surface and the lower surface of a sample.
The pressing plate and the flat plate are connected through the supporting rods, so that the whole experimental device is good in overall structural stability, and the experimental stability is guaranteed.
In other embodiments, a jack can be arranged above the pressing plate, and the top plate is pressed by the jack as long as the pressing plate, the flat plate and the sealing film of the top plate and the bottom plate are pressed.
Example 2:
the embodiment discloses a method for obtaining an experimental device for rock fracture distribution and hydraulic parameters in embodiment 1, which includes the following steps:
step 1: wrap up the seal membrane with the sample surface to in placing into the sample casing, place on the bottom plate, the bottom plate is placed in advance on the platform, and the sample casing compresses tightly the seal membrane of sample lateral surface at the lateral surface of sample, and rotatory housing bolt utilizes roof and bottom plate to compress tightly the upper and lower of sample with the seal membrane of sample upper and lower face department respectively.
In this embodiment, the sample is taken from a natural environment, the geometric shape of the sample is cylindrical, the surface of the sample is relatively smooth, no obvious defect exists, a fracture network is arranged in the sample instead of a plurality of single fractures which are not communicated with each other, and the in-situ conditions of the sample are preserved before the experiment.
Step 2: the set gas connectors are selected to be respectively used as a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and the rest gas connectors are blocked by sealing plugs. In this embodiment, the sealing plug may be a tapered sealing plug made of rubber.
And step 3: will be connected with gas supply mechanism as gas inlet's gas connector, will be connected as gas outlet's gas connector and gas outlet pipe to install the flowmeter on outlet pipe, gas supply mechanism includes the air compressor machine, the air compressor machine passes through the inlet line and is connected with the gas connection as gas inlet, install the governing valve on the inlet line for adjust gas pressure, the air compressor machine is through inlet line, gas connector and the through-hole on the seal membrane to the gas of sample injection set pressure, observes the reading of flowmeter, until the flowmeter reading remains stable, has established stable gas flow field in the sample.
And 4, step 4: after a stable gas flow field is established for a sample, injecting a gas tracer into the sample through a gas bypass, and recording a penetration curve of the gas tracer; the gas bypass can be connected with the air inlet pipeline in advance, a valve is arranged on the gas bypass, the valve is closed in the process of step 3, the valve is opened after step 3 is completed, the gas bypass is connected with a gas tracer source, and a gas tracer can be injected into a sample through the gas bypass and the air inlet pipeline. The helium penetration curve was recorded by collecting the change in helium concentration using a mass spectrometer.
And 5: changing gas joints serving as a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and repeating the step 3-4 to obtain a plurality of penetration curves;
step 6: and analyzing the obtained multiple penetration curves to obtain the fracture distribution and the hydraulic parameters of the sample, wherein the analysis process only needs to adopt the existing analysis technology, and the detailed description is omitted.
The experimental device of this embodiment, simple structure, convenient operation has good gas tightness and stability, and the measuring result is accurate, can obtain a plurality of curves of penetrating through step 5 moreover, has realized the three-dimensional measurement of sample, describes the hydraulics characteristic of fissure rock more comprehensively, is favorable to groundwater pollutant prevention and cure and geotechnical engineering construction.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an obtain experimental apparatus of rock fracture distribution and hydraulics parameter which characterized in that includes:
sample housing: the gas connector is used for being arranged on the periphery of a sample, and a plurality of gas connectors which can be communicated and blocked are arranged on the sample shell; the sample shell is formed by splicing a plurality of shell parts, the shell parts are locked and fixed through a plurality of locking parts, and sealing strips are arranged between the adjacent shell parts;
sealing the film: the sealing film at the outer side surface part of the sample can press the outer side surface of the sample under the action of the sample shell, and the sealing film at the outer side surface part of the sample is provided with a through hole matched with the gas joint; the sealing films comprise an inner sealing film and an outer sealing film, the inner sealing film is an elastic plastic sealing film, and the outer sealing film is a soft rubber sealing film;
top and bottom plates: the sealing films are respectively used for contacting with the sealing films at the top surface and the bottom surface of the sample, and the sealing films can be pressed with the top surface and the bottom surface of the sample through the pressing mechanism.
2. The experimental device for obtaining rock fracture distribution and hydraulic parameters as claimed in claim 1, wherein the locking member comprises a first locking portion and a second locking portion, and the first locking portion and the second locking portion are fixedly connected through a locking bolt to tightly press and fix the plurality of housing portions.
3. The experimental device for obtaining rock fracture distribution and hydraulic parameters as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sample housing is provided with a plurality of mounting holes matching with the gas connectors, the gas connectors are fixedly connected with the sample housing through the mounting holes, and a sealing layer is arranged between the gas connectors and the hole walls of the mounting holes.
4. The experimental apparatus for obtaining rock fracture distribution and hydraulic parameters of claim 1, wherein the gas joints are arranged in a plurality of rows, and each row has a plurality of gas joints.
5. The experimental device for obtaining rock fracture distribution and hydraulic parameters as claimed in claim 4, wherein the thickness of the inner sealing film is 1mm-2mm, and the thickness of the outer sealing film is 5mm-6 mm.
6. The experimental device for obtaining rock fracture distribution and hydraulic parameters as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressing mechanism includes a platform, support rods, a pressing bolt and a pressing plate, the platform is used for placing a sample shell, a sample and a bottom plate, the platform is fixedly connected with the bottom ends of the plurality of support rods, the pressing bolt is connected with the top end of the support rod in a threaded manner, the pressing plate can be disposed between a bolt cap and a top plate of the pressing bolt, the pressing bolt can move along the axis direction of the support rod, and the top plate, the bottom plate and the sealing membrane are pressed against the upper and lower surfaces of the sample through the pressing plate and the platform.
7. The experimental apparatus for obtaining rock fracture distribution and hydraulic parameters as claimed in claim 6, wherein the platform comprises a flat plate, and the bottom surface of the flat plate is fixedly connected with a plurality of legs, so as to form a stable support for the sample housing, the sample and the bottom plate.
8. The method for acquiring the experimental device for rock fracture distribution and hydraulic parameters is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: wrapping a sealing film on the outer surface of a sample with a fracture network, placing the sample into a sample shell, pressing the sealing film on the outer side surface of the sample by the sample shell, and respectively pressing the sealing films on the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample by utilizing a top plate and a bottom plate;
step 2: selecting set gas connectors as a gas inlet and a gas outlet respectively, and plugging the other gas connectors;
and step 3: injecting compressed air into the sample through a gas inlet, and measuring the gas flow of a gas outlet by using a flowmeter until a stable gas flow field is established;
and 4, step 4: after a stable gas flow field is established, injecting a gas tracer into the sample through a gas bypass, and recording a penetration curve of the gas tracer;
and 5: changing gas joints serving as a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and repeating the steps 3-4 to obtain a plurality of penetration curves;
step 6: and analyzing the obtained multiple penetration curves to obtain the fracture distribution and the hydraulic parameters of the sample.
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2020
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JP2007286021A (en) * | 2006-04-14 | 2007-11-01 | Tomoyoshi Nishimura | Cellulose film mounting type moisture characteristic testing device |
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