CN111366553A - Water content measuring sensor and water content measuring method - Google Patents
Water content measuring sensor and water content measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111366553A CN111366553A CN201811597888.6A CN201811597888A CN111366553A CN 111366553 A CN111366553 A CN 111366553A CN 201811597888 A CN201811597888 A CN 201811597888A CN 111366553 A CN111366553 A CN 111366553A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 131
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3577—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing liquids, e.g. polluted water
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G01N21/05—Flow-through cuvettes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3554—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for determining moisture content
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
- G01N2021/0112—Apparatus in one mechanical, optical or electronic block
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
- G01N2021/015—Apparatus with interchangeable optical heads or interchangeable block of optics and detector
- G01N2021/0156—Apparatus with interchangeable optical heads or interchangeable block of optics and detector with optics only in separate head, e.g. connection by optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N21/05—Flow-through cuvettes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water content measuring sensor and a water content measuring method, and belongs to the field of oil well exploitation. The sensor includes: the optical fiber detection device comprises a first structure, a second structure and a signal processing device, wherein the first structure comprises a light source, a first coupler, a first optical fiber, a second optical fiber and a first detection unit; the second structure comprises a third optical fiber and a second detection unit, a fluid channel is arranged between the first structure and the second structure, a first window is arranged on the contact surface of the first structure and the fluid channel, the first coupler is respectively connected with the light source, the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber, the first detection unit is respectively connected with the first optical fiber and the signal processing device, and the second optical fiber is opposite to the first window; and a second window is arranged on the contact surface of the second structure and the fluid channel, a third optical fiber is opposite to the second window and is connected with a second detection unit, and the second detection unit is connected with a signal processing device. The device has universality to the measurement accuracy height of crude oil moisture content.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil well exploitation, in particular to a water content measuring sensor and a water content measuring method.
Background
In the process of oil well exploitation, the water content of crude oil is an important index for measuring the quality of the crude oil, and has great influence on the exploitation, storage and transportation and smelting processing of the crude oil. Therefore, it is often necessary to measure the water content of the crude oil. The online measurement of the water content of the crude oil has important significance for determining the water and oil outlet positions of the oil well, estimating the yield of the crude oil and predicting the development life of the oil well.
In time, the online measurement method of the water content of the crude oil is mainly a densimeter method, and the water content of the crude oil is measured by adopting the densimeter. The densimeter comprises two probes, the two probes are respectively connected with a pipeline through which crude oil flows in series, one probe is used for sending signals, the other probe is used for receiving signals, and the water content of the crude oil can be determined according to the time interval from the sending to the receiving by measuring the time interval of the signals.
When the water content of crude oil in an oil well is high, substances dissolved in water can cause the scaling phenomenon of a sensor probe, so that the measurement error is large, and therefore, the method is only suitable for measuring the crude oil with low water content and lacks universality.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a water content measuring sensor and a water content measuring method, which can solve the problems of large measuring error and lack of universality in the related technology. The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a moisture content measurement sensor, where the sensor includes: the optical fiber coupling device comprises a first structure, a second structure and a signal processing device, wherein the first structure comprises a light source, a first coupler, a first optical fiber, a second optical fiber and a first detection device; the second structure comprises a third optical fiber and a second detection unit, a fluid channel is arranged between the first structure and the second structure, the fluid channel is used for crude oil in an oil well to flow through, and the fluid channel is an L-shaped channel or a linear channel;
a first window is arranged on a contact surface of the first structure and the fluid channel, the first coupler is respectively connected with the light source, the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber, the first detection device is respectively connected with the first optical fiber and the signal processing device, and the second optical fiber is opposite to the first window;
a second window is arranged on the contact surface of the second structure and the fluid channel, the third optical fiber is opposite to the second window and is connected with the second detection device, and the second detection device is connected with the signal processing device;
the light source is used for emitting an original optical signal, and the first coupler is used for coupling the original optical signal into a first optical signal and a second optical signal;
the first optical fiber is used for transmitting the first optical signal to the first detection device, and the first detection device is used for converting the first optical signal into a first electric signal and transmitting the first electric signal to the signal processing device;
the second optical fiber is used for transmitting the second optical signal to the first window, and the second optical signal irradiates the first window and irradiates the second window after passing through the crude oil;
the third optical fiber is used for receiving a third optical signal on the second window and transmitting the third optical signal to the second detection device, and the second detection device is used for converting the third optical signal into a second electrical signal and transmitting the second electrical signal to the signal processing device;
the signal processing device is used for obtaining the ratio of the second electric signal to the first electric signal, and the ratio is used for representing the water content of the crude oil.
In one possible implementation, the signal processing apparatus includes: the acquisition unit is respectively connected with the first detection device, the second detection device and the processing unit;
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the first electric signal and the second electric signal and transmitting the first electric signal and the second electric signal to the processing unit;
the processing unit is used for receiving the first electric signal and the second electric signal, obtaining a ratio of the second electric signal to the first electric signal, and displaying the ratio, wherein the ratio is used for obtaining the water content of the crude oil.
In one possible implementation, the first structure further includes: the first optical signal comprises a plurality of paths of sub signals, the first optical fiber comprises a plurality of paths of optical fibers, the central wavelengths of the plurality of filters are different, and the first detection device comprises a plurality of detection units;
the multi-path optical fiber, the plurality of filter plates, the plurality of collimating lenses and the plurality of detection units are in one-to-one correspondence;
every way optical fiber is used for transmitting sub-signal all the way to the filter plate that corresponds, the filter plate is used for filtering received sub-signal all the way, acquires monochromatic light signal all the way, monochromatic light signal transmission all the way is to behind the collimating lens that corresponds, collimating lens is used for the adjustment monochromatic light signal's of the way intensity, monochromatic light signal transmission after the adjustment to the detection unit that corresponds, the detection unit be used for with after the monochromatic light signal after the adjustment converts corresponding signal of telecommunication into, transmit extremely signal processing device.
In one possible implementation, the first coupler is a 1-in-4 coupler, and the first structure includes: the first detection device comprises three detection units;
the first optical signal comprises a three-way sub-signal and the first optical fiber comprises a three-way optical fiber;
the three filters comprise a first filter, a second filter and a third filter, the central wavelength of the first filter is 1047-.
In one possible implementation, the second structure further includes: the second coupler is connected with the third optical fiber and the fourth optical fiber, the fourth optical fiber comprises multiple paths of optical fibers, the wave bands of the multiple filters are different, and the second detection device comprises multiple detection units;
the multi-path optical fiber, the plurality of filter plates, the plurality of collimating lenses and the plurality of detection units are in one-to-one correspondence;
the second coupler is used for inciting somebody to action third optical signal coupling of third optical fiber transmission is multichannel sub-signal, every way optical fiber in the fourth optical fiber is used for transmitting sub-signal to the filter plate that corresponds all the way, the filter plate is used for filtering received sub-signal all the way, acquires monochromatic light signal all the way, monochromatic light signal transmission all the way is to behind the collimating lens that corresponds, collimating lens is used for adjusting monochromatic light signal's intensity all the way, monochromatic light signal transmission after the adjustment to the detection unit that corresponds, the detection unit be used for with after monochromatic light signal after the adjustment converts the signal of telecommunication into corresponding, transmit extremely signal processing device.
In one possible implementation, the second coupler is a 1-in-3 coupler, and the second structure includes: the second detection device comprises three detection units;
the three filter plates comprise a fourth filter plate, a fifth filter plate and a sixth filter plate, the wavelength band of the fourth filter plate is 1047-1753 nanometers, the wavelength band of the fifth filter plate is 1447-1453 nanometers, and the wavelength band of the sixth filter plate is 1747-1753 nanometers.
In one possible implementation, the first window and the second window are both filled with a sapphire glass material.
In a possible implementation manner, the working frequency bands of the first optical fiber, the second optical fiber, the third optical fiber and the fourth optical fiber are 400-2200 nanometers, and the core diameters are 400 micrometers.
In one possible implementation, the fluid channel is an L-shaped channel or a linear channel.
On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring moisture content, including:
the light source emits an original optical signal, and the first coupler couples the original optical signal into a first optical signal and a second optical signal;
the first optical fiber transmits the first optical signal to the first detection device, the first detection device converts the first optical signal into a first electrical signal, and transmits the first electrical signal to the signal processing device;
the second optical fiber transmits the second optical signal to the first window, the second optical signal irradiates the first window, and the second optical signal irradiates the second window after being transmitted by the crude oil;
the third optical fiber receives a third optical signal on the second window and transmits the third optical signal to the second detection device, and the second detection device converts the third optical signal into a second electrical signal and transmits the second electrical signal to the signal processing device;
the signal processing device obtains a ratio of the second electrical signal to the first electrical signal, the ratio representing a water content of the crude oil.
In one possible implementation, the signal processing apparatus includes: the acquisition unit is respectively connected with the first detection device, the second detection device and the processing unit; the method further comprises the following steps:
the acquisition unit acquires the first electric signal and the second electric signal and transmits the first electric signal and the second electric signal to the processing unit;
the processing unit receives the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal and obtains a ratio of the second electrical signal to the first electrical signal.
In one possible implementation, the first structure further includes: the first optical signal comprises a plurality of paths of sub signals, the first optical fiber comprises a plurality of paths of optical fibers, the plurality of filters have different wave bands, and the first detection device comprises a plurality of detection units; the multi-path optical fiber, the plurality of filter plates, the plurality of collimating lenses and the plurality of detection units are in one-to-one correspondence; the method further comprises the following steps:
every way optic fibre will be sub-signal transmission to the filter plate that corresponds all the way, the filter plate filters received sub-signal all the way, acquires monochromatic light signal all the way to transmit to the collimating lens that corresponds, collimating lens adjusts received monochromatic light signal's of the way intensity, and with monochromatic light signal transmission after the adjustment to the detection unit that corresponds, after the detection unit converts received monochromatic light signal into corresponding signal of telecommunication, transmit extremely signal processing device.
In one possible implementation, the first coupler is a 1-in-4 coupler, and the first structure includes: the first detection device comprises three detection units;
the first optical signal comprises a three-way sub-signal and the first optical fiber comprises a three-way optical fiber;
the three filters comprise a first filter, a second filter and a third filter, wherein the wavelength range of the first filter is 1047-1753 nanometers, the wavelength range of the second filter is 1447-1453 nanometers, and the wavelength range of the third filter is 1747-1753 nanometers.
In one possible implementation, the second structure further includes: the second coupler is connected with the third optical fiber and the fourth optical fiber, the fourth optical fiber comprises multiple paths of optical fibers, the wave bands of the multiple filters are different, and the second detection device comprises multiple detection units; the multi-path optical fiber, the plurality of filter plates, the plurality of collimating lenses and the plurality of detection units are in one-to-one correspondence; the method further comprises the following steps:
the second coupler will third optical signal coupling of third optical fiber transmission is multichannel sub-signal, every way optic fibre in the fourth optic fibre will be sub-signal transmission to the filter plate that corresponds all the way, the filter plate filters the sub-signal of the received all the way, acquires monochromatic light signal all the way, monochromatic light signal transmission is after the collimating lens that corresponds all the way, collimating lens adjustment the intensity of monochromatic light signal all the way, monochromatic light signal transmission after the adjustment to the detection unit that corresponds, the detection unit will after monochromatic light signal after the adjustment converts the signal of telecommunication that corresponds, transmit extremely signal processing device.
In one possible implementation, the second coupler is a 1-in-3 coupler, and the second structure includes: the second detection device comprises three detection units;
the three filter plates comprise a fourth filter plate, a fifth filter plate and a sixth filter plate, the wavelength band of the fourth filter plate is 1047-1753 nanometers, the wavelength band of the fifth filter plate is 1447-1453 nanometers, and the wavelength band of the sixth filter plate is 1747-1753 nanometers.
According to the sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention, a mode of sending and receiving signals in crude oil by using a probe is not used, but a light source, an optical fiber, a coupler and a detection device are arranged in the first structure and the second structure, a fluid channel is arranged between the first structure and the second structure and used for crude oil to pass through, and the water content of the crude oil is measured by adopting a mode of transmitting optical signals.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the construction of a moisture content measuring sensor according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the construction of a moisture content measuring sensor according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the construction of a moisture content measuring sensor in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a photodetection circuit according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of testing moisture content in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating ratios of electrical signals at different wavebands obtained under pure water conditions for a sensor according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating electrical signal ratios at different wavelength bands obtained under pure diesel conditions for a sensor according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating electrical signal ratios at different wavelength bands obtained by a sensor at 85% water cut in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating electrical signal ratios at different wavelength bands obtained by a sensor at 85% water cut in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating electrical signal ratios at different wavelength bands obtained by a sensor at 80% water cut in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
the reference numerals in the drawings denote:
1-a first structure, 2-a second structure, 3-a signal processing means,
101-light source, 102-first coupler, 103-first fiber,
104-the second optical fiber, 105-the first detecting means, 106-the first window,
201-a third optical fiber, 202-a second detecting means, 203-a second window,
301-acquisition unit, 302-processing unit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view illustrating a water content measuring sensor according to an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the sensor including: a first structure 1, a second structure 2 and a signal processing device 3, the first structure 1 comprising a light source 101, a first coupler 102, a first optical fiber 103, a second optical fiber 104 and a first detection device 105; the second structure 2 comprises a third optical fiber 201 and a second detection device 202, a fluid channel is arranged between the first structure 1 and the second structure 2, and the fluid channel is used for crude oil circulation in an oil well.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the light source 101, the optical fiber, the coupler, the detection device and other components in the first structure 1 and the second structure 2 are used for realizing transmission and conversion of optical signals, so that the water content of crude oil in the fluid channel is measured. The light source 101 is configured to emit an optical signal, the optical fiber is configured to transmit the optical signal, the coupler is configured to couple a received optical signal into multiple optical signals, and the detection device is configured to convert the received optical signal into an electrical signal.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a water content measuring sensor according to an exemplary embodiment, and fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a water content measuring sensor according to an exemplary embodiment. The fluid channel may be an L-shaped channel, as shown in fig. 2. Alternatively, the fluid channel may be a linear channel, as shown in FIG. 3.
The first structure 1 is provided with a first window 106 on the contact surface with the fluid channel, the first coupler 102 is respectively connected with the light source 101, the first optical fiber 103 and the second optical fiber 104, the first detection device 105 is respectively connected with the first optical fiber 103 and the signal processing device 3, and the second optical fiber 104 is opposite to the first window 106. A second window 203 is arranged on the contact surface of the second structure 2 and the fluid channel, the third optical fiber 201 is opposite to the second window 203, the third optical fiber 201 is connected with the second detection device 202, and the second detection device 202 is connected with the signal processing device 3.
The optical fiber and the window are opposite to each other, that is, the transmission direction of an optical signal in the optical fiber and the window form a certain angle, such as 90 degrees, so that the optical signal can irradiate the window after being transmitted by the optical fiber, or the optical signal can reach the optical fiber through the window and then be transmitted by the optical fiber.
The process of measuring the water content of the crude oil may include the steps of:
1. the light source 101 emits an original optical signal, and the first coupler 102 couples the original optical signal into a first optical signal and a second optical signal.
2. The first optical fiber 103 transmits the first optical signal to the first detection device 105, and the first detection device 105 converts the first optical signal into a first electrical signal and transmits the first electrical signal to the signal processing device 3.
3. The second optical fiber 104 receives the second optical signal, transmits the second optical signal to the first window 106, irradiates the crude oil passing through the fluid channel, and irradiates the second window 203 to form a third optical signal.
Because the water in the crude oil can absorb the light in a specific waveband, when the second optical signal passes through the crude oil, a part of the second optical signal can be absorbed by the water in the crude oil, and the other part of the second optical signal passes through the crude oil, so that the signal intensity of the optical signal is changed, and a third optical signal is formed.
4. The third optical fiber 201 receives the third optical signal and transmits the third optical signal to the second detection device 202, and the second detection device 202 converts the third optical signal into a second electrical signal and transmits the second electrical signal to the signal processing device 3.
5. After receiving the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal, the signal processing device 3 obtains a ratio of the second electrical signal to the first electrical signal, where the ratio represents the water content of the crude oil, and the water content of the crude oil can be obtained according to the ratio.
The original optical signals are coupled, the original optical signals are divided into at least two optical signals, at least one optical signal can be transmitted to the signal processing device 3, at least one other optical signal can be transmitted to the signal processing device 3 after passing through the crude oil and can be influenced by water in the crude oil, the water content of the crude oil can be reflected by the signal intensity difference between the optical signals in different paths, therefore, the water content of the crude oil can also be reflected by the ratio of the electrical signals obtained by optical signal conversion, therefore, the ratio of the second electrical signal to the first electrical signal is obtained by the signal processing device 3 after the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal are received, and the water content of the crude oil is measured according to the ratio.
In one possible implementation, the signal processing means 3 comprise: the device comprises an acquisition unit 301 and a processing unit 302, wherein the acquisition unit 301 is respectively connected with the first detection device 105, the second detection device 202 and the processing unit 302. The collecting unit 301 is configured to collect an electrical signal obtained by converting the optical signal, and the processing unit 302 is configured to analyze the electrical signal and measure the water content of the crude oil.
The process of receiving the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal by the signal processing apparatus 3 in the above embodiments may be performed by the acquisition unit 301, and the process of obtaining the ratio of the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal may be performed by the processing unit 302.
That is, the first detection device 105 transmits the first electrical signal formed by conversion to the acquisition unit 301, the second detection device 202 also transmits the second electrical signal formed by conversion to the acquisition unit 301, the acquisition unit 301 receives the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal and transmits the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal to the processing unit 302, and the processing unit 302 processes the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal to obtain a ratio of the first electrical signal to the second electrical signal.
In addition, the processing unit 302 may further have a display function, and may display the obtained ratio so as to allow the operator to obtain the water content of the crude oil based on the ratio.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the structures of the acquisition unit 301 and the processing unit 302 are not specifically limited, and for example, the acquisition unit 301 is an acquisition card, and the processing unit 302 is an upper computer. In addition, the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit the specific parameters of the acquisition card, and exemplarily, the parameters of the acquisition card are as follows: 16 analog input channels, single channel sampling rate 1.25MS/s (10 acquisitions per second)6Multiple sampling points), the sampling rate of the multiple channels is 1MS/s, 16 bits resolution, 2 paths of analog Output, 24 pieces of digital I/O (Input/Output) lines, 8 pieces of hardware timing lines are 10MHz (megahertz), and 4 paths of 32-bit counter timer needles support the Windows7 operating system.
Furthermore, in order to connect the acquisition card with an upper computer, the upper computer controls the acquisition card through Labview software, and data analysis processing is carried out on the input electric signals.
According to the sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention, a mode of sending and receiving signals in crude oil by using a probe is not used, but the light source 101, the optical fiber, the coupler and the detection device are arranged in the first structure 1 and the second structure 2, the fluid channel is arranged between the first structure 1 and the second structure 2 and is used for crude oil to pass through, and the water content of the crude oil is measured by adopting a mode of transmitting optical signals, so that components in the first structure 1 and the second structure 2 cannot contact with substances dissolved in water in the measurement process, the scaling phenomenon is avoided, the accuracy of the measurement result of the water content is improved, and the method is not only suitable for measuring crude oil with lower water content, but also suitable for measuring crude oil with high water content, and has universality.
In a possible implementation manner, the water in the crude oil only absorbs the optical signals of certain specific wave bands, so that only when the wave band of the light emitted by the light source 101 is consistent with the wave band of the light that can be absorbed by the water, the optical signal of the light emitted by the light source 101 changes after the light passes through the crude oil, and the change can be used for measuring the water content of the crude oil.
Since water absorbs light in a plurality of wavelength bands, in order to improve the accuracy of the measurement result, a plurality of different light sources 101 may be replaced, wherein each light source 101 may emit light in a specific wavelength band, so that the measurement can be performed according to the light in a plurality of different wavelength bands.
Or, in order to avoid replacing the light source 101, the light source 101 capable of emitting white light may be provided, and the white light may be filtered by using a plurality of filters with different wavelengths, so as to obtain lights with a plurality of wavelength bands.
To this end, the first structure 1 further includes: a plurality of filters and a plurality of collimating lens, first light signal include multichannel sub-signal, and first optic fibre 103 includes multichannel optic fibre, and the central wave band of a plurality of filters is different, and first detection device 105 includes a plurality of detecting element, multichannel optic fibre, a plurality of filters, a plurality of collimating lens and a plurality of detecting element one-to-one.
The filter plate is used for filtering the received optical signal in one path to obtain the monochromatic light in one path, wherein the filter plate allows the light wave of a certain narrow-band spectrum in the optical signal transmitted in each path of optical fiber to pass through with the transmittance as high as possible, and attenuates the light waves in other spectral ranges to obtain the quasi-monochromatic light with good monochromaticity.
Each path of optical fiber transmits one path of sub-signals to the corresponding filter plate to perform filtering, after one path of monochromatic light signals is obtained, the path of monochromatic light signals are transmitted to the corresponding collimating lens, the collimating lens receives the path of monochromatic light signals and adjusts the intensity of the path of monochromatic light signals, the adjusted monochromatic light signals are transmitted to the corresponding detection unit, and the detection unit converts the adjusted monochromatic light signals into corresponding electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the signal processing device 3.
The detecting unit may be a detector, and the detector not only needs to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal, but also needs to transmit the electrical signal to the signal processing device 3. In the process of transmitting to the signal processing device 3, in order to ensure that the signal processing device 3 can receive the electric signal transmitted by the detector, a photoelectric detection circuit is required.
In order to improve the transmission efficiency, the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal without distortion and transmitted to the signal processing device 3, the detector may be located in a photodetection circuit, and the photodetection circuit further includes a signal processing circuit after the detector, and the signal processing circuit may process the electrical signal output by the detector. Therefore, the operating parameters of the detector are matched not only with the measured signal and the optical system, but also with the operating parameters of the subsequent signal processing circuit, so that each interconnected device is in the best operating state. The material of the detector is not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present invention. Illustratively, the detector is a photodiode, and three pins of the photodiode are respectively connected with a positive ground, a negative ground and a shell ground. The detailed operating parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Likewise, the photoelectric detection circuit also meets the following three requirements: firstly, the output signal-to-noise ratio is high, and the circuit noise is low; secondly, the passband of the photoelectric detection circuit is wide enough; and thirdly, the input impedance of the circuit behind the photoelectric detection circuit is matched with the photoelectric detection circuit.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a photodetection circuit according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in fig. 4, the photoelectric detection circuit adopts a three-stage amplification structure, after the light irradiates the detector, the detector converts the light signal into a current signal, the current signal is converted into a voltage signal through a pre-stage amplification circuit, the voltage signal is filtered and then sent to a second-stage amplification circuit for voltage amplification, and the amplified voltage signal is reversed through a third-stage circuit for analog-to-digital conversion and then sent to a signal processing device.
Since water absorbs light in three wavelength bands, the first coupler is a 1-in-4 coupler, and the first structure includes: the first detection device comprises three detection units, the first optical signal comprises three sub-signals, and the first optical fiber comprises three optical fibers. And the three filter plates comprise a first filter plate, a second filter plate and a third filter plate.
In this case, the signal processing device may obtain the original optical signals of the light source in the three wave bands by obtaining the first electrical signal, obtain the second electrical signal after the light source passes through the crude oil, obtain the optical signals of the optical signals in the same three wave bands after being absorbed by the water, and obtain the water content of the crude oil by the ratio of the second electrical signal to the first electrical signal in the three wave bands.
Optionally, the three wavelength bands of the optical signal due to water absorption are 1047-. Therefore, the wavelength band of the filter can be set as the wavelength band of the optical signal which can be absorbed by water, that is, the wavelength band of the first filter is 1047-. Optionally, the wavelength of the first filter is 1050 nanometers, the wavelength of the second filter is 1450 nanometers, and the wavelength of the third filter is 1450 nanometers.
In another possible implementation, the second structure further includes: the second coupler is connected with the third optical fiber and the fourth optical fiber, the fourth optical fiber comprises multiple paths of optical fibers, the wave bands of the multiple filters are different, the second detection device comprises multiple detection units, and the multiple paths of optical fibers, the multiple filters, the multiple collimating lenses and the multiple detection units are in one-to-one correspondence.
The second coupler couples optical signals transmitted by the third optical fiber into multiple paths of sub signals, each path of optical fiber in the fourth optical fiber transmits one path of sub signals to a corresponding filter plate to carry out filtering, after one path of monochromatic light signals are obtained, the path of monochromatic light signals are transmitted to a corresponding collimating lens, the intensity of the received signal of the path of monochromatic light is adjusted by the collimating lens, the adjusted monochromatic light signals are transmitted to a corresponding detection unit, and the detection unit transmits the adjusted monochromatic light signals to the signal processing device after the adjusted monochromatic light signals are converted into corresponding electric signals.
The embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit the type of the second coupler, and for example, the second coupler is a 1-in-3 coupler, and the second structure includes: three filters and three collimating lens, the second detection device includes three detecting element.
And the three filters comprise a fourth filter, a fifth filter and a sixth filter, the wavelength band of the fourth filter is 1047-1753 nm, the wavelength band of the fifth filter is 1447-1453 nm, and the wavelength band of the sixth filter is 1747-1753 nm. Optionally, the wavelength of the fourth filter is 1050 nanometers, the wavelength of the fifth filter is 1450 nanometers, and the wavelength of the sixth filter is 1450 nanometers.
In first structure and second structure, filter quantity, collimating lens quantity, detecting element quantity are the same, and the wave band of filter equals, can guarantee like this that the wave band of a plurality of monochromatic light signals that acquire in the first structure equals with the quantity of a plurality of monochromatic light signals that acquire in the second structure, the wave band also equals. Accordingly, after being subjected to photoelectric conversion, the signal processing apparatus may receive the plurality of first electrical signals and the plurality of second electrical signals in equal numbers, and the plurality of second electrical signals correspond to the plurality of first electrical signals one to one.
Therefore, the signal processing device can obtain the ratio of each second electric signal to the corresponding first electric signal, obtain a plurality of ratios, and perform analysis statistics according to the plurality of ratios to obtain the water content of the crude oil.
In one possible implementation, in order to improve the lifetime of the sensor, the first window and the second window are both filled with a glass material, which can prevent crude oil or water in the crude oil from flowing into the first structure via the first window or into the second structure via the second window while achieving optical signal transmission. In the embodiment of the present invention, the material of the filled material is not particularly limited, and the material is, for example, a sapphire glass material. To meet the requirements of a high pressure environment in a well, the diameter of the sapphire glass window may be 5 mm, and the thickness of the sapphire glass may be 4 mm.
In a possible implementation manner, the working frequency bands and the core diameters of the first optical fiber, the second optical fiber, the third optical fiber and the fourth optical fiber are not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention, and for example, the working frequency bands are 400 + 2200 nm, and the core diameters are 400 μm.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method of testing moisture content, as shown in FIG. 5, as applied to a sensor as shown in the previous embodiments, the method comprising:
501. the light source emits an original optical signal, and the first coupler couples the original optical signal into a first optical signal and a second optical signal.
502. The first optical fiber transmits the first optical signal to the first detection device, and the first detection device converts the first optical signal into a first electrical signal and transmits the first electrical signal to the signal processing device.
503. The second optical fiber transmits a second optical signal to the first window, and the second optical signal irradiates the first window and irradiates the second window after being transmitted through the crude oil.
504. The third optical fiber receives the third optical signal on the second window and transmits the third optical signal to the second detection device, and the second detection device converts the third optical signal into a second electrical signal and transmits the second electrical signal to the signal processing device.
505. The signal processing device obtains the ratio of the second electric signal to the first electric signal, and the ratio represents the water content of the crude oil.
According to the sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention, a mode of sending and receiving signals in crude oil by using a probe is not used, but a light source, an optical fiber, a coupler and a detection device are arranged in the first structure and the second structure, a fluid channel is arranged between the first structure and the second structure and used for crude oil to pass through, and the water content of the crude oil is measured by adopting a mode of transmitting optical signals.
In one possible implementation, a signal processing apparatus includes: the acquisition unit is respectively connected with the first detection device, the second detection device and the processing unit; the method further comprises the following steps:
the acquisition unit acquires the first electric signal and the second electric signal and transmits the first electric signal and the second electric signal to the processing unit;
the processing unit receives the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal and obtains a ratio of the second electrical signal to the first electrical signal.
In one possible implementation, the first structure further includes: the first optical signal comprises a plurality of paths of sub signals, the first optical fiber comprises a plurality of paths of optical fibers, the wave bands of the plurality of filters are different, and the first detection device comprises a plurality of detection units; the multi-path optical fibers, the plurality of filter plates, the plurality of collimating lenses and the plurality of detection units are in one-to-one correspondence; the method further comprises the following steps:
every way optic fibre transmits a branch of sub-signal to corresponding filter plate, and the filter plate filters a received branch of sub-signal, acquires a route of monochromatic light signal to transmit to corresponding collimating lens, and collimating lens adjusts the intensity of a received route of monochromatic light signal, and transmits the monochromatic light signal after adjusting to corresponding detecting element, and after detecting element converted received monochromatic light signal into corresponding signal of telecommunication, transmission to signal processing device.
In one possible implementation, the first coupler is a 1-in-4 coupler, and the first structure includes: the first detection device comprises three detection units;
the first optical signal comprises three sub-signals and the first optical fiber comprises three optical fibers;
the three filters comprise a first filter, a second filter and a third filter, the wavelength band of the first filter is 1047-152 1053 nanometers, the wavelength band of the second filter is 1447-1453 nanometers, and the wavelength band of the third filter is 1747-1753 nanometers.
In one possible implementation, the second structure further includes: the second coupler is connected with the third optical fiber and the fourth optical fiber, the fourth optical fiber comprises multiple paths of optical fibers, the wave bands of the multiple filters are different, and the second detection device comprises multiple detection units; the multi-path optical fibers, the plurality of filter plates, the plurality of collimating lenses and the plurality of detection units are in one-to-one correspondence; the method further comprises the following steps:
the second coupler couples the third optical signal transmitted by the third optical fiber into multiple paths of sub signals, each path of optical fiber in the fourth optical fiber transmits one path of sub signals to a corresponding filter plate, the filter plate filters the received one path of sub signals to obtain one path of monochromatic light signals, the other path of monochromatic light signals are transmitted to a corresponding collimating lens, the intensity of the other path of monochromatic light signals is adjusted by the collimating lens, the adjusted monochromatic light signals are transmitted to a corresponding detection unit, and the detection unit transmits the adjusted monochromatic light signals to the signal processing device after converting the adjusted monochromatic light signals into corresponding electric signals.
In one possible implementation, the second coupler is a 1-in-3 coupler, and the second structure includes: the second detection device comprises three detection units;
the three filters comprise a fourth filter, a fifth filter and a sixth filter, the wavelength band of the fourth filter is 1047-containing 1053 nanometers, the wavelength band of the fifth filter is 1447-containing 1453 nanometers, and the wavelength band of the sixth filter is 1747-containing 1753 nanometers.
In order to ensure that the sensor and the water content testing method provided by the embodiment of the invention have high accuracy, before the water content of the crude oil is measured, the sensor is used for respectively acquiring electrical signal ratio maps under 1050 nanometer wave bands, 1450 nanometer wave bands and 1650 nanometer wave bands under pure water and pure oil conditions.
Fig. 6 to 10 are graphs of test results of a sensor and a water content testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the horizontal axis represents time, the vertical axis represents electrical signal ratios under different wavelength bands, the line a represents an electrical signal ratio graph under a 1050 nm wavelength band, and the line b represents an electrical signal ratio graph under a 1650 nm wavelength band. The test was conducted in a simulated well environment and was exemplified by diesel.
First, experiments were performed under pure water conditions, and fig. 6 is a graph showing electric signal ratios at different wavelength bands obtained under pure water conditions by a sensor according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in fig. 6, since the distance between the first window and the second window is too large, and the water has a strong absorption effect on the optical signal in the 1450 nm wavelength band, the electrical signal ratio diagram is mainly obtained under the conditions of the 1050 nm wavelength band and the 1650 nm wavelength band.
The electric signal ratio of the line a is larger than that of the line b when the two are stable, namely, the electric signal ratio under the condition of 1050 nanometer wave band is larger than that under the condition of 1650 nanometer wave band, namely, the absorption degree of water to the optical signal of 1650 nanometer wave band is stronger than that of water to the optical signal of 1050 nanometer wave band, so that after the optical signal passes through the water, the electric signal obtained by the conversion of the optical signal of 1650 nanometer wave band is lower than the electric signal obtained by the conversion of the optical signal of 1050 nanometer wave band.
In addition, the peak value in the electrical signal ratio diagram of 1650 nm waveband indicates that the water contains air bubbles, and when the optical signal is transmitted to the air bubbles, the absorption degree of the water to the optical signal is weakened, and the intensity of the transmitted optical signal is increased. In the electrical signal ratio diagram of the 1050 nanometer waveband, the ratio of the electrical signal is suddenly attenuated after passing through the peak value, which indicates that the water contains bubbles, and when the optical signal is transmitted to the bubbles, the optical path is changed, so that the intensity of the transmitted optical signal is reduced. Therefore, the intensity of the transmitted light signals in different wavelength bands can be used to measure the degree of water absorption and the effect of bubbles.
Secondly, a test is carried out under the condition of pure diesel oil, and when the sensor is used for acquiring an electric signal ratio diagram under different fluctuation wave bands, the electric signal ratio diagram under the conditions of 1050 nanometer wave bands and 1650 nanometer wave bands is mainly acquired. Fig. 7 is an electrical signal ratio diagram of the sensor under pure diesel oil conditions and under different wavelength bands, as can be seen from the electrical signal ratio diagram at a 1650 nm wavelength band, that is, line b, under the 1650 nm wavelength band, the ratio of the first electrical signal to the second electrical signal is saturated, which indicates that the transmission intensity of the optical signal is equal to the original optical signal intensity of the light source, and the diesel oil does not absorb the optical signal, while the decrease of the electrical signal ratio in the line b indicates that the diesel oil contains bubbles, when the optical signal is transmitted to the bubbles, the optical path is changed, and since the transmission intensity of the optical signal reaches saturation at the 1650 nm wavelength band, the diagram cannot accurately indicate the influence of the bubbles.
As can be seen from an electrical signal ratio graph (line a) in a 1050 nanometer waveband, the ratio of the first electrical signal to the second electrical signal is not saturated, and the reduction of the electrical signal ratio in the graph indicates that the diesel oil contains bubbles.
The diesel oil with the water content of 85% is tested based on the electric signal ratio maps of the sensor under pure water and pure oil conditions under different wave bands, and fig. 8 is an electric signal ratio map of the sensor under 85% water content conditions under different wave bands according to an exemplary embodiment. The graph of the ratio of the electrical signals in two bands obtained under pure water and pure diesel oil is shown in the graph, which shows the transmission intensity regions in the continuous large bubble, the all-water stable state and the unstable state of the oil bubble and the oil flow, as shown in fig. 8. The map was trimmed to remove the effect of the change in the electrical signal ratio map due to the presence of bubbles, resulting in a corrected map, as shown in fig. 9, after which the water content of the diesel fuel was calculated to be 81.56% by counting the data characteristics of the entire measurement process.
Similarly, crude oil having a water content of 80% was tested to obtain FIG. 10, and the same method was used to obtain a water content of 80.96% in the diesel fuel.
Therefore, the measurement accuracy can reach +/-5% under the simulated well environment, the expected standard is reached, and the accuracy is high.
The response frequency of the sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention can meet the flow velocity requirement of underground fluid, the wave band of the sensor is properly selected, the circuit stability is good, the wave bands of optical signals obtained by the original optical signals sent by the light source through the filter are all in the wave band of an infrared spectrum, the measurement accuracy of the sensor is high, the sensor can measure crude oil with high water content, and the sensor has universality.
The above description is only for facilitating the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A water content measuring sensor, characterized in that the sensor comprises: a first structure (1), a second structure (2) and a signal processing device (3), the first structure (1) comprising a light source (101), a first coupler (102), a first optical fiber (103), a second optical fiber (104) and a first detection device (105); the second structure (2) comprises a third optical fiber (201) and a second detection device (202), a fluid channel is arranged between the first structure (1) and the second structure (2), the fluid channel is used for oil circulation in an oil well, and the fluid channel is an L-shaped channel or a linear channel;
a first window (106) is arranged on the contact surface of the first structure (1) and the fluid channel, the first coupler (102) is respectively connected with the light source (101), the first optical fiber (103) and the second optical fiber (104), the first detection device (105) is respectively connected with the first optical fiber (103) and the signal processing device (3), and the second optical fiber (104) is opposite to the first window (106);
a second window (203) is arranged on the contact surface of the second structure (2) and the fluid channel, the third optical fiber (201) is opposite to the second window (203), the third optical fiber (201) is connected with the second detection device (202), and the second detection device (202) is connected with the signal processing device (3);
the optical source (101) is configured to emit an original optical signal, and the first coupler (102) is configured to couple the original optical signal into a first optical signal and a second optical signal;
the first optical fiber (103) is used for transmitting the first optical signal to the first detection device (105), the first detection device (105) is used for converting the first optical signal into a first electric signal and transmitting the first electric signal to the signal processing device (3);
the second optical fiber (104) is used for transmitting the second optical signal to the first window (106), the second optical signal irradiates the first window (106), irradiates the second window (203) after passing through the crude oil;
the third optical fiber (201) is used for receiving a third optical signal on the second window (203) and transmitting the third optical signal to the second detection device (202), and the second detection device (202) is used for converting the third optical signal into a second electrical signal and transmitting the second electrical signal to the signal processing device (3);
the signal processing device (3) is used for obtaining the ratio of the second electric signal to the first electric signal, and the ratio is used for representing the water content of the crude oil.
2. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal processing means (3) comprise: the acquisition unit (301) and the processing unit (302), wherein the acquisition unit (301) is respectively connected with the first detection device (105), the second detection device (202) and the processing unit (302);
the acquisition unit (301) is used for acquiring the first electric signal and the second electric signal and transmitting the first electric signal and the second electric signal to the processing unit (302);
the processing unit (302) is used for receiving the first electric signal and the second electric signal, obtaining a ratio of the second electric signal to the first electric signal, and displaying the ratio, wherein the ratio is used for obtaining the water content of the crude oil.
3. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the first structure (1) further comprises: a plurality of filters and a plurality of collimating lenses, the first optical signal comprises a plurality of sub-signals, the first optical fiber (103) comprises a plurality of optical fibers, the plurality of filters have different wave bands, and the first detection device (105) comprises a plurality of detection units;
the multi-path optical fiber, the plurality of filter plates, the plurality of collimating lenses and the plurality of detection units are in one-to-one correspondence;
every way optical fiber is used for transmitting sub-signal all the way to the filter plate that corresponds, the filter plate is used for filtering received sub-signal all the way, acquires monochromatic light signal all the way, monochromatic light signal transmission all the way is behind the collimating lens that corresponds, collimating lens is used for the adjustment monochromatic light signal's of the way intensity, monochromatic light signal transmission after the adjustment to the detection unit that corresponds, the detection unit be used for with monochromatic light signal after the adjustment converts corresponding signal of telecommunication into, transmits extremely signal processing device (3).
4. A sensor according to claim 3, wherein the first coupler (102) is a 1-in-4 coupler, the first structure (1) comprising: three filters and three collimating lenses, the first detecting device (105) comprising three detecting units;
the first optical signal comprises a three-way sub-signal and the first optical fiber (103) comprises a three-way optical fiber;
the three filters comprise a first filter, a second filter and a third filter, wherein the wavelength range of the first filter is 1047-1753 nanometers, the wavelength range of the second filter is 1447-1453 nanometers, and the wavelength range of the third filter is 1747-1753 nanometers.
5. A sensor according to claim 1, wherein the second structure (2) further comprises: the second coupler is connected with the third optical fiber (201) and the fourth optical fiber, the fourth optical fiber comprises multiple paths of optical fibers, the wave bands of the multiple filters are different, and the second detection device (202) comprises multiple detection units;
the multi-path optical fiber, the plurality of filter plates, the plurality of collimating lenses and the plurality of detection units are in one-to-one correspondence;
the second coupler is used for inciting somebody to action the third light signal coupling of third optic fibre (201) transmission is multichannel sub-signal, every way optical fiber in the fourth optic fibre is used for transmitting sub-signal to the filter plate that corresponds all the way, the filter plate is used for filtering received sub-signal all the way, acquires monochromatic light signal all the way, monochromatic light signal transmission all the way is behind the collimating lens that corresponds, collimating lens is used for adjusting monochromatic light signal's intensity all the way, monochromatic light signal transmission after the adjustment to the detection unit that corresponds, the detection unit be used for with after monochromatic light signal after the adjustment converts the signal of telecommunication that corresponds into, transmit extremely signal processing device (3).
6. Sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that the second coupler is a 1-in-3 coupler, the second structure (2) comprising: three filters and three collimating lenses, the second detection device (202) comprises three detection units;
the three filter plates comprise a fourth filter plate, a fifth filter plate and a sixth filter plate, the wavelength band of the fourth filter plate is 1047-1753 nanometers, the wavelength band of the fifth filter plate is 1447-1453 nanometers, and the wavelength band of the sixth filter plate is 1747-1753 nanometers.
7. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the first window (106) and the second window (203) are each filled with a sapphire glass material.
8. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the working frequency ranges of the first optical fiber (103), the second optical fiber (104), the third optical fiber (201) and the fourth optical fiber are 400-2200 nm, and the core diameters are 400 μm.
9. A method for measuring moisture content, which is applied to the sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprising:
the light source (101) emits an original optical signal, and the first coupler (102) couples the original optical signal into a first optical signal and a second optical signal;
-said first optical fiber (103) transmits said first optical signal to said first detection means (105), said first detection means (105) converting said first optical signal into a first electrical signal and transmitting said first electrical signal to said signal processing means (3);
the second optical fiber (104) transmits the second optical signal to the first window (106), the second optical signal illuminating the first window (106), illuminating the second window (203) after transmission through the crude oil;
the third optical fiber (201) receives a third optical signal on the second window (203) and transmits the third optical signal to the second detection device (202), the second detection device (202) converts the third optical signal into a second electrical signal and transmits the second electrical signal to the signal processing device (3);
the signal processing device (3) obtains a ratio of the second electrical signal to the first electrical signal, the ratio representing a water content of the crude oil.
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