CN111363909B - Method for eliminating residual stress of casting by using turbulent water flow - Google Patents
Method for eliminating residual stress of casting by using turbulent water flow Download PDFInfo
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- CN111363909B CN111363909B CN202010228269.0A CN202010228269A CN111363909B CN 111363909 B CN111363909 B CN 111363909B CN 202010228269 A CN202010228269 A CN 202010228269A CN 111363909 B CN111363909 B CN 111363909B
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 45
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for eliminating residual stress of a casting by using turbulent water flow, belonging to the field of machining quality and control. The method solves the problems that the existing residual stress eliminating mode has long treatment time, needs a special treatment facility, and has high cost and high energy consumption. The method comprises the steps of placing a first casting to be subjected to residual stress relief at the bottom of a material frame, connecting a movable hanging rod with the top of the material frame, connecting the movable hanging rod with a second casting to be subjected to residual stress relief through hanging ropes, wherein the number of the hanging ropes is multiple, and each hanging rope is connected with one second casting; placing the material frame with the cast in the turbulent water flow; after two months, placing a second casting connected with the movable hanging rod at the bottom of the material frame, connecting a first casting at the bottom of the material frame to the movable hanging rod, and continuously placing the first casting into the turbulent water flow; and after two months, taking out the first casting and the second casting to finish the elimination of the residual stress of the castings. The method is mainly used for eliminating the residual stress of the casting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining quality and control, and particularly relates to a method for eliminating residual stress of a casting by using turbulent water flow.
Background
Residual stress refers to the self-balanced internal stress remaining in the object after the action of external force or uneven temperature field is eliminated. Both machining and strengthening processes can cause residual stresses. Such as cold drawing, bending, machining, rolling, shot blasting, casting, forging, welding, and heat treating metals, residual stresses may be caused by non-uniform plastic deformation or transformation. Residual stresses are generally detrimental, as after improper heat treatment, welding or machining of the part, they can cause the part to warp, distort or even crack, or the surface can crack after quenching and grinding. The presence of residual stresses sometimes does not immediately manifest itself as a defect, but cracks and breakages occur when the total stress exceeds the strength limit during operation due to the superposition of operating stresses and residual stresses. The residual stress of the part can be largely eliminated by appropriate heat treatment. Residual stress also sometimes has beneficial aspects that can be controlled to improve the fatigue strength and wear resistance of the part.
The existing measures for reducing or eliminating residual stress mainly comprise natural aging treatment, heat treatment aging treatment, vibration aging treatment and ultrasonic impact, wherein the natural aging treatment is to place a workpiece outdoors to allow the workpiece to be in a 'wind meal exposure' state and release and eliminate the residual stress in the standing process. It takes too long time, generally 1-2 years; heat treatment aging is a conventional method of removing residual stress, also known as artificial aging. The workpiece is slowly and uniformly heated to about 600 ℃ from the room temperature by means of a heat treatment facility, the temperature is kept for 4-8h at the temperature, then the temperature is slowly cooled to be below 120 ℃, and then the workpiece is taken out of the furnace and cooled to the room temperature. The method has good effect of eliminating residual stress, but can not meet the requirement of eliminating stress of all workpieces, has strict process requirements, needs heat treatment facilities, has higher cost and causes pollution; the vibration aging treatment is to use special equipment to enable a casting to resonate under the action of periodic external force, so that microstructure crystal grains in a workpiece slide and twins in the crystal, thereby reducing the peak value of residual stress, improving and balancing the original distribution of the residual stress of the workpiece, eliminating and homogenizing the residual stress, stabilizing the size of the workpiece, needing special vibration aging equipment and being difficult to widely apply; the ultrasonic impact is that the current of ultrasonic frequency is converted into mechanical vibration with the same frequency through a transducer, the mechanical vibration is transmitted to the surface of the metal to be processed through an impact needle, so that surface layer metal with a certain depth generates compressive plastic deformation to eliminate tensile residual stress, the curvature radius of a sharp transition part is enlarged, the stress concentration coefficient is reduced, special ultrasonic impact equipment is required, and the ultrasonic impact is difficult to widely apply.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for eliminating residual stress of a casting by using turbulent water flow, aiming at solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method of utilizing turbulent water flow to remove residual stress from a casting, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: placing a first casting to be subjected to residual stress elimination at the bottom of a material frame, connecting a movable hanging rod with the top of the material frame, connecting the movable hanging rod with a second casting to be subjected to residual stress elimination through hanging ropes, wherein the number of the hanging ropes is multiple, and each hanging rope is connected with one second casting;
step two: placing the material frame with the cast in the turbulent water flow, and eliminating the residual stress of the cast by utilizing the micro-cluster of the turbulent water flow;
step three: after two months, placing a second casting connected with the movable hanging rod at the bottom of the material frame, connecting a first casting at the bottom of the material frame to the movable hanging rod, and continuously placing the first casting into the turbulent water flow;
step four: and after two months, taking out the first casting and the second casting to finish the elimination of the residual stress of the castings.
Furthermore, the number of the movable hanging rods in the step one is multiple, each movable hanging rod is provided with a plurality of hanging ropes, and each hanging rope is hung on a second casting to be subjected to residual stress relief.
Furthermore, a plurality of third castings are placed above the movable hanging rod in the first step.
Furthermore, a plurality of hanging bells are connected to the movable hanging rod in the first step and are arranged between the adjacent second castings.
Furthermore, the number of the first castings in the first step is multiple, and the multiple first castings are all placed at the bottom of the material frame.
Furthermore, in the first step, the movable hanging rod is fixed with the top of the material frame by using a lead wire.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention solves the problems of long treatment time, high cost and high energy consumption due to the need of special treatment facilities in the existing residual stress eliminating mode.
The invention utilizes turbulent water flow to carry out natural aging and vibration aging, completely depends on the force of the nature, greatly shortens the time of natural aging because the turbulent water flow carries out flapping, pulsation impact, friction, collision and disturbance to the casting continuously and disorderly around the clock, can eliminate the residual stress of the casting by only four months, and is obviously superior to the treatment time of 1 to 2 years required by the common natural aging. The artificial aging, whether heat treatment aging, vibration aging or ultrasonic impact, needs special treatment equipment and consumes energy, but the invention does not need, thereby greatly reducing the production cost.
The invention can release the internal stress of the casting by applying vibration with certain frequency to the casting under the conditions of no heating, no need of various aging devices and no time consumption like natural aging, thereby achieving the purpose of eliminating the residual stress of the casting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the placement of a casting within a material frame according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a movable hanging rod connection structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the present invention for eliminating residual stress of a casting by utilizing turbulent water flow micelles;
1-movable hanging rod, 2-material frame, 3-first casting, 4-hanging rope, 5-second casting, 6-hanging bell and 7-turbulent water flow micelle.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely explained below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3 for the description of the present embodiment, a method for utilizing turbulent water flow to remove residual stress from a casting, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: placing a first casting 3 to be subjected to residual stress elimination at the bottom of a material frame 2, connecting a movable hanging rod 1 with the top of the material frame 2, connecting the movable hanging rod 1 with a second casting 5 to be subjected to residual stress elimination through hanging ropes 4, wherein the number of the hanging ropes 4 is multiple, and each hanging rope 4 is connected with one second casting 5;
step two: placing the material frame 2 with the cast in place into the turbulent water flow, and eliminating the residual stress of the cast by using the turbulent water flow micelle 7;
step three: after two months, the second casting 5 connected with the movable hanging rod 1 is placed at the bottom of the material frame 2, the first casting 3 at the bottom of the material frame 2 is connected with the movable hanging rod 1, and the material frame is continuously placed in the turbulent water flow;
step four: and after two months, the first casting 3 and the second casting 5 are taken out, and the residual stress of the castings is eliminated.
In this embodiment, in the step one, the number of the movable hanging rods 1 is multiple, each movable hanging rod 1 is provided with a plurality of hanging ropes 4, and each hanging rope 4 is hung on a second casting 5 to be subjected to residual stress elimination. And a plurality of third castings are placed above the movable hanging rod 1 in the first step. In the first step, the movable hanging rod 1 is connected with a plurality of hanging bells 6, and the hanging bells 6 are arranged between the adjacent second castings 5. In the first step, the number of the first castings 3 is multiple, and the multiple first castings 3 are all placed at the bottom of the material frame 2. In the first step, the movable hanging rod 1 is fixed with the top of the material frame 2 by using a lead wire. The turbulent water flow beats, pulsates, impacts, rubs, collides and disturbs the casting piece continuously, in multiple directions, randomly and disorderly. The second casting 5 on the movable hanging rod 1 is subjected to not only the flapping, the pulsating impact, the friction, the collision and the disturbance, but also the impact vibration among the plurality of second castings 5 and the impact vibration of the hanging bell 6 on the second casting 5, and the second casting 5 is continuously shaken. After four months of turbulent water flow aging, microscopic structure grains inside the casting slide and twins in the grains by means of the force of the nature, so that the peak value of the residual stress is reduced, the original residual stress distribution of the workpiece is improved and balanced, the residual stress is eliminated and homogenized, and the size of the workpiece is stabilized.
In nature, when the water flow velocity of a river is increased to be large, the streamline is no longer clearly identifiable, a plurality of small vortexes exist in a flow field, laminar flow is damaged, and adjacent flow layers not only slide but also mix, so that turbulent flow, also called turbulent flow, is formed. The cause of turbulence is roughly the instability of the fluid system. The kinetic equation diffusion term is a stable system, but the convection term is non-linear, and therefore amplifies and therefore disturbs the system. The effect of the pressure term is non-local. The disturbance at this point can be transmitted outwards through the pressure term to cause disturbance elsewhere, and the disturbance elsewhere can be fed back through the pressure term, so that the system is more and more unstable.
When we put the casting into a turbulent water flow, as shown in fig. 3. The turbulent water flow micro-cluster 7 has not only transverse pulsating impact on the casting but also reverse movement impact relative to the total movement of the water flow, so that the movement track of the water flow micro-cluster is extremely disordered and changes rapidly with time. The slapping, pulsating impact, friction, collision, and turbulence of the turbulent water flow against the casting are continuous, multidirectional, random, and disorderly. The most important phenomenon in turbulent water flow is the transfer of momentum, heat and mass to the casting caused by this random motion, at a rate several orders of magnitude higher than natural aging.
The method for eliminating the residual stress of the casting by using the turbulent water flow, which is provided by the invention, is described in detail, the principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific examples, and the description of the examples is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for eliminating residual stress of a casting by using turbulent water flow is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: placing a first casting (3) to be subjected to residual stress elimination at the bottom of a material frame (2), connecting a movable hanging rod (1) with the top of the material frame (2), connecting the movable hanging rod (1) with a second casting (5) to be subjected to residual stress elimination through hanging ropes (4), wherein the number of the hanging ropes (4) is multiple, and each hanging rope (4) is connected with one second casting (5);
step two: placing the material frame (2) with the placed castings into turbulent water flow, and eliminating the residual stress of the castings by utilizing the turbulent water flow micelles (7);
step three: after two months, placing a second casting (5) connected with the movable hanging rod (1) at the bottom of the material frame (2), connecting a first casting (3) at the bottom of the material frame (2) to the movable hanging rod (1), and continuously placing the movable hanging rod into turbulent water flow;
step four: after two months, the first casting (3) and the second casting (5) are taken out to eliminate the residual stress of the castings;
in the first step, the movable hanging rod (1) is connected with a plurality of hanging bells (6), and the hanging bells (6) are arranged between the adjacent second castings (5).
2. The method of utilizing turbulent water flow to relieve residual stress in a casting of claim 1, wherein: the number of the movable hanging rods (1) in the step one is multiple, a plurality of hanging ropes (4) are arranged on each movable hanging rod (1), and a second casting (5) to be relieved of residual stress is hung on each hanging rope (4).
3. The method of utilizing turbulent water flow to relieve residual stress in a casting of claim 2, wherein: and a plurality of third castings are placed above the movable hanging rod (1) in the first step.
4. The method of utilizing turbulent water flow to relieve residual stress in a casting of claim 1, wherein: in the first step, a plurality of first castings (3) are arranged, and the first castings (3) are all placed at the bottom of the material frame (2).
5. The method of utilizing turbulent water flow to relieve residual stress in a casting of claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the movable hanging rod (1) is fixed with the top of the material frame (2) by using a lead wire.
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| CN110039784A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-23 | 张俊强 | A kind of 3D printing workpiece post-processing approach |
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