CN111363241A - 一种利用回收处理医疗废物制备的土工格栅及其制备方法与地基补强应用 - Google Patents
一种利用回收处理医疗废物制备的土工格栅及其制备方法与地基补强应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种利用回收处理医疗废物制备的土工格栅及其制备方法与地基补强应用,包括回收部分医疗废物进行处理再加工成破碎料,然后加入改性填料,加工助剂,选择高强纤维与之复合熔融压制后拉伸制成土工格栅。所述的部分医疗废物为已使用的医疗塑料制品和已过期未使用的医疗塑料制品中的一种或几种的任意组合。所述的高强纤维束为1束以上市面常见用于土工格栅制造的纤维材料。所述的改性填料为稳定剂以提高组分材料对热和光的稳定性。所述的加工助剂为增强剂以提高组分材料性能。本发明创新性地解决部分医疗废物处理难的问题,在减少了废物污染,保护环境的同时,创造了更多的经济效益和社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于土木工程领域,尤其涉及一种利用回收处理医疗废物制备的土工 格栅及其制备方法与地基补强应用。
背景技术
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不 必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所 公知的现有技术。
随着医疗保健事业的长足发展与就诊人次数目的日益增加,每天社会医疗卫 生机构会产生大量的医疗废物,尤其当一场大范围的疫情发生时,严峻的医疗废 物处理问题亟待合理解决。医疗废物是引起疾病传播或相关公共卫生问题的重要 危险性因素,已经被列入《国家危险废物名录》之内。
现有的医疗废物的处置工艺主要以焚烧为主,部分施以高温蒸汽灭菌法和干 化学消毒法后填埋处理,每个环节的处置技术标准不达标会对环境保护产生恶劣 影响。目前取得相关资质的单位相对来说较少,处置能力有限,众多医疗机构每 天产生大量的医疗废物,分布又极度分散,处置单位收集起来路途远、耗时长、 成本高、隐患多,很多医疗废物有可能无法及时处置,给公众健康生活造成了巨 大的隐患。
目前通过研究发现,回收部分医疗废物塑料制品中的高分子材料,经过消毒 处理和施行再加工工艺后可用于土工格栅制造。但发明人发现:目前医疗废物塑 料制造的土工格栅在产品性能和制造成本上仍有待提高。
发明内容
本发明旨在解决医疗废物处理难的问题,通过消毒处理再加工实现部分医疗 废物再利用,提供回收处理医疗废物制备土工格栅的方法。
为实现上述技术目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明的第一个方面,提供了一种利用回收处理医疗废物制备的土工格栅, 由以下原料制备而成:医疗塑料废物70-90份、改性填料3.5-5份,加工助剂 6.5-15份、高强纤维束1-2束。
本申请的方法提高了土工合成材料的产品性能、降低了制造成本,使这种通 过回收医疗废物制备的土工格栅具有许多市场竞争优势。
本申请与现有“高强度纤维材料来增强废旧塑料”的方法相比,在按一定比 例熔融制造母粒时,加入像碳化硅晶须、高岭土等改性填料以来提高制造物的光 热稳定性;加入改性炭黑、石蜡、硬脂酸钙等加工助剂以来提升制造物的抗老化、 氧化性并能解决酸、碱、盐侵蚀的问题,使得材料的伸长率、拉伸强度得到提高。
本发明的第二个方面,提供了一种利用回收处理医疗废物制备的土工格栅的 制备方法,包括:
将医疗废物消毒、破碎,形成医疗废物破碎料;
将所述医疗废物破碎料与一定比例的改性填料、加工助剂熔融造粒,形成母 粒;
将母粒与高强度纤维束熔融复合,辊压成板材、冲孔、拉伸,即得土工格栅。
本发明的第三个方面,提供了任一项上述的利用回收处理医疗废物制备的土 工格栅在堤坝和路基补强、边坡防护、洞壁补强,大型机场、停车场、码头货场 的永久性承载的地基补强中的应用。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明由于采用了以上制备土工格栅的技术方案,回收处理医疗塑料 废物制备基体材料,根据不同的商业用途,选择添加不同的纤维材料制备增强体 材料。本发明创新性地解决了部分医疗废物处理难题,积极响应了国家关于“推 行医疗废物集中无害化处置,鼓励有关医疗废物安全处置技术的研究与开发”的 相关政策。采用本技术方案的土工格栅制备工艺简单,成本低廉,综合性能优异, 具有较强的市场竞争力,在减少了废物污染,保护环境的同时,创造了更多的经 济效益和社会效益。
(2)本申请的操作方法简单、成本低、具有普适性,易于规模化生产。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。 除非另有指明,本申请使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的 普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限 制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出, 否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使 用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或 它们的组合。
一种利用回收处理医疗废物制备土工格栅的方法,包括:回收部分医疗废物 进行处理再加工成破碎料,然后加入改性填料,加工助剂,选择高强纤维与之复 合熔融压制后拉伸制成土工格栅。所述的部分医疗废物为已使用的医疗塑料制品 和已过期未使用的医疗塑料制品中的一种或几种的任意组合。所述的高强纤维束 为1束以上市面常见用于土工格栅制造的纤维材料。所述的改性填料为稳定剂以 提高组分材料对热和光的稳定性。所述的加工助剂为增强剂以提高组分材料性能。
在一些实施例中,所述的部分医疗废物为含聚丙烯(PP)类,聚乙烯(PE) 类,聚氯乙烯(PVC)类,高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)类,聚烯烃热塑弹性体(TPE) 类的已使用的医疗塑料制品和已过期未使用的医疗塑料制品,其作用为充当土工 格栅基体材料。
在一些实施例中,所述的高强纤维束为1束以上的碳纤维,玻璃纤维,钢塑 纤维,聚酯纤维、PBO纤维等市面常见用于土工格栅制造的纤维材料,其作用 为充当土工格栅增强体材料。
在一些实施例中,所述的改性填料为碳酸钙或硫酸钙、聚丙烯酸钠增稠剂、 氧化锌晶须或碳化硅晶须、短碳纤维、二氧化硅、高岭土或蒙脱土、滑石粉或云 母粉中的一种或几种的组合。掺入一定比例的碳化硅晶须和短碳纤维,不单单提 升材料耐高温的性能,更大幅度提升材料的抗磨性和耐腐蚀性,增加材料的寿命; 掺入定比例的高岭土、二氧化硅和聚丙烯酸钠增稠剂将使材料的耐高温性能和延 展性能提高;定量的短碳纤维、碳酸钙和云母粉掺混和增强体熔融后,所得材料 的耐高温、耐腐蚀能力增强的同时材料的韧性、抗老化能力也显著提升,材料寿 命得到延长。这些改性填料(改性填料组合)将提高产品的光热稳定性和抗老化 性能。
在一些实施例中,所述的加工助剂为改性炭黑、石蜡、硬脂酸、硬脂酸钡或 硬脂酸钙、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(商业名称DOP)其中的一种或几种的组 合。按比例掺入定量改性炭黑、石蜡和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯将大幅提升 材料的柔韧性和抗老化性能、按比例掺入适量硬脂酸和硬脂酸钙大大提升材料的 热稳定性,消除聚氯乙烯增强体熔融后对材料稳定性的影响。这些加工助剂(加 工助剂组合)将提升产品强度,使其具有抗老化、氧化性能,可耐酸、碱、盐等 恶劣环境的腐蚀。
在一些实施例中,包括以下几个步骤:
1)医疗废物消毒再加工处理成破碎料。
2)按照重量份数计算,是将相应比例的混合物熔融制造母粒。
3)母粒和高强度纤维熔融复合。
4)辊压板材成型。
5)冲孔制得孔板。
6)拉伸制得成品。
回收处理医疗废物制备的土工格栅,根据不同的用途,选择不同的高强纤维 材料(碳纤维,玻璃纤维,聚酯纤维、钢塑纤维,PBO纤维等)作为增强体材 料,由部分塑料医疗废物、填料、及添加剂作为基体材料,经挤出机熔融挤出制 备而成包裹层;将包裹层包裹连续的高强纤维束压延后制备而成格栅筋条,再由 土工格栅筋条进行加工处理交错排列连接成不同的网格结构。
通过下列重量份数计算的基体组份原料加工而得:
包括70-90份医疗塑料废物,3.5-5份改性填料,6.5-15份加工助剂。
优选地,所述的部分塑料医疗废物为:含聚丙烯(PP)类,聚乙烯(PE) 类,聚氯乙烯(PVC)类,高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)类,聚烯烃热塑弹性体(TPE) 类的已使用的医疗塑料制品和已过期未使用的医疗塑料制品中的一种或几种的 任意组合。
优选地,所述的高强纤维束为1束以上的碳纤维,玻璃纤维,钢塑纤维,聚 酯纤维、PBO纤维等市面常见用于土工格栅制造的纤维材料。
优选地,所述的改性填料为碳酸钙或硫酸钙、聚丙烯酸钠增稠剂、氧化锌晶 须或碳化硅晶须、短碳纤维、二氧化硅、高岭土或蒙脱土、滑石粉或云母粉中的 一种或几种的组合。优选地,所述的加工助剂为改性炭黑、石蜡、硬脂酸、硬脂 酸钡或硬脂酸钙、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基基)酯(商业名称DOP)其中的一种或 几种的组合。
对所述的一种回收处理医疗废物制备土工格栅方法,包括以下几个步骤:
1)医疗废物再加工处理2)制造母粒;3)母粒和高强度纤维熔融复合;4)板材 成型;5)冲孔;6)拉伸。
所述步骤1)医疗废物再加工处理,是将回收来的医疗塑料废物进行消毒处 理,然后加工得到医疗塑料废物破碎料。
所述步骤2)的制造母粒,按照重量份数计算,是将75-90份废物破碎料,3.5-5 份改性填料,6.5-9份加工助剂充分共混,得到均匀的混合物,再将混合物通过 平行双螺杆挤出机经160℃~200℃熔融挤出制成母粒;
进一步地,按照重量份数计算,改性填料是由10份碳酸钙、35份聚丙烯酸 钠、10份碳化硅晶须、15份高岭土和25份滑石粉各自研磨均匀后充分混合。
进一步地,按照重量份数计算,加工助剂是由25份改性炭黑、15份石蜡、 10份硬脂酸钙、50份DOP各自研磨均匀后充分混合。
所述步骤3)母粒和高强度纤维熔融复合,是将所述步骤2)制成的母粒通过 挤出机模头与一定含量的高强度纤维进行熔融复合,然后进行复合浸胶包裹。
所述步骤4)的板材成型,是将步骤3)制得的复合熔体通过三辊压机辊压制 成板材。
所述步骤5)的冲孔,是将步骤4)制成的板材由冲压机冲孔制得孔板;
所述步骤6)的拉伸,是将步骤5)制得的孔板升温至80℃~100℃后拉伸制得 成品。
下面结合具体的实施例,对本发明做进一步的详细说明,应该指出,所述具 体实施例是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
以下实施例中原料来源如下:
实施例1:PBO纤维矿用土工格栅
矿用土工格栅在矿山生产作业中也称作矿井下塑料网假顶,简称假顶网。矿 井下回采工作面假顶支护中常用矿用土工格栅作为护帮,亦可用作其它矿山巷道 工程、边坡防护工程、地下土建工程和交通道路工程的土石锚固、加强的支护材 料。因为工作环境特殊,需要矿用土工格栅具有轻质高强,抗静电,无腐蚀,阻 燃的特性。PBO纤维产品的强度在现有的化学纤维中最高;耐热温度达到600℃, 极限氧指数68,在火焰中不燃烧、不收缩,耐热性和难燃性高于其它任何一种有 机纤维。
按重量份数计算,将85份聚丙烯(PP类)医疗塑料废物破碎料(选用一次 性输血袋)、4份改性填料(1份聚丙烯酸钠增稠剂、2份高岭土、1份氧化锌晶 须)、11份加工助剂(7份硬脂酸钙、4份硬脂酸)在双螺杆挤出机上熔融造粒, 再将母粒通过挤出机模头与200D的PBO纤维(聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维)100 根4束进行熔融复合,经复合浸胶包裹,通过牵引双向拉伸、冷却装置制备成土 工格栅筋条;经裁剪后,焊接成土工格栅。
所制得的PBO纤维土工格栅磨擦不易产生静电,质量轻,便于井下运输、 携带和施工。断裂延伸率为4.5%,拉伸强度为600MPa,有较强的承载能力,能 有效防止碎煤块的掉落,保护矿井下工人的安全和矿车运行的安全。阻燃性能良 好,可分别达到煤炭行业标准MT141-2005、MT113-1995规定的阻燃性能。
实施例2:碳纤维路基土工格栅
碳纤维是一种力学性能优异的新材料,它的比重不到钢的1/4,碳纤维树脂复 合材料抗拉强度达3500Mpa以上,是钢的7-9倍,抗拉弹性模量高于钢,为 230-430Gpa。强度大、蠕变小、适应各类环境土壤,适用于各种堤坝和路基补强、 边坡防护、洞壁补强。大型机场、停车场、码头货场等永久性承载的地基补强或 高等级公路中的高大挡墙使用。
按重量份数计算,将90份高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)类医疗塑料废物破碎料(选 用医用透析纸)、3份改性填料(1份碳化硅晶须、2份短碳纤维)、7份加工助剂 (5份改性炭黑、2份硬脂酸钙)在双螺杆挤出机上熔融造粒,再将母粒通过挤出 机模头与10D的碳纤维100根2束进行熔融复合,经复合浸胶包裹,通过牵引双向 拉伸、冷却装置制备成土工格栅筋条;经裁剪后,焊接成土工格栅。
所制得的碳纤维路基土工格栅具有较好的耐腐蚀、抗老化抗蠕变等性能,适 合永久性工程的长期使用,抗拉强度为110MPa,断裂延伸率为5%,能有效的 提高加筋承载面的嵌锁、咬合作用、极大程度的增强地基的承载力、有效的约束 土体的侧向位移,增强地基稳固性能。
实施例3:玻璃纤维深海作业格栅
玻璃纤维是以废旧玻璃为原料,经过一系列工艺制备而得。每根纤维束都是 由数百根甚至上千根单纤维丝组成。玻璃纤维理化性能极具稳定,强度大、模量 高,并且具有很高的耐磨性和优异的对寒性,无长期蠕变;热稳定性好,是一种 性能优异的无机非金属材料。制备土工格栅时加入玻璃纤维能极大地提高了土工 格栅的耐磨性及剪切能力,具有绝缘性好、耐热性强、抗腐蚀性好,机械强度高 等优点。
按重量份数计算,将80份聚氯乙烯(PE)类医疗塑料废物破碎料(选用一次 性塑料输液器)、5份改性填料(4份二氧化硅、1份碳化硅晶须)、15份加工助剂 (10份改性炭黑、3份石蜡、2份邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯)在双螺杆挤出机 上熔融造粒,再将母粒通过挤出机模头与玻璃纤维进行熔融复合,经复合浸胶包 裹,通过牵引单向拉伸、冷却装置制备成土工格栅筋条;经裁剪后,焊接成土工 格栅。
所制得的玻璃纤维深海作业格栅抗拉强度为100MPa,断裂延伸率为3%。 适应各类环境土壤,承载力强、抗腐蚀、抗老化、使用寿命长,能有效的避免在 施工过程中被机具碾压破坏而造成的施工损伤。因为玻纤土工格栅能够抵抗各类 物理磨损和化学侵蚀,还能抵御生物侵蚀和气候变化,保证其性能不受影响,更 适应于深海作业、堤岸加固,从根本上解决了其他材料做石笼因长期受海水冲蚀 而造成的强度低、耐腐蚀性能差、使用寿命短等技术难题。
实施例4:聚酯经编涤纶格栅
聚酯纤维经编土工格栅选取用高强聚酯纤维为原料。抗拉强度高,延伸力小, 抗撕力强度大,纵横强度差异小,耐紫外线老化、耐磨损、耐腐蚀、质轻、与土 或碎石嵌锁力强,对增强土体抗剪及补强提高土体的整体性与荷载力,具有显著 作用。
按重量份数计算,将85份聚烯烃热塑弹性体(TPE)类医疗塑料废物破碎料 (选用一次性无菌输液器)、4份改性填料(1份碳酸钙、1份云母粉、2份短碳纤 维)、11份加工助剂(6份改性炭黑、3份硬脂酸钙、2份石蜡)在双螺杆挤出机上 熔融造粒,再将母粒通过挤出机模头与高强聚酯纤维进行熔融复合,经复合浸胶 包裹,通过牵引拉伸冷却采用经编定向结构,织物中的经纬向纱线相互间无弯曲 状态,交叉点用高强纤维长丝捆绑结合起来,形成牢固的结合点,制备成土工格 栅。
所制得的聚酯经编涤纶格栅具有极高的抗拉强度、延伸率小、耐腐蚀、耐老 化、与基料有较强的咬合力、质量轻、有排水作用等多种特性,抗拉强度为,95MPa, 断裂延伸率为3.5%。不仅用于各种高等级道路,铁路的软路基增强,路堤边坡 加筋、挡土墙加筋,增强整体强度,还能用于水利工程中的堤坝、河道的加筋、 隔离、加固软土基础,也能增强其防护能力,提高基础的承载力和稳定性。
最后应该说明的是,以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制 本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人 员来说,其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分 进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改 进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。上述虽然对本发明的具体实施方式进 行了描述,但并非对本发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术人员应该明白,在本 发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各 种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。
Claims (10)
1.一种利用回收处理医疗废物制备的土工格栅,其特征在于,由以下原料制备而成:医疗塑料废物70-90份、改性填料3.5-5份,加工助剂6.5-15份、高强纤维束1-2束。
2.如权利要求1所述的利用回收处理医疗废物制备的土工格栅,其特征在于,由以下原料制备而成:医疗塑料废物70-80份、改性填料3.5-4份,加工助剂6.5-10份、高强纤维束1-2束。
3.如权利要求1所述的利用回收处理医疗废物制备的土工格栅,其特征在于,由以下原料制备而成:医疗塑料废物80-90份、改性填料4-5份,加工助剂10-15份、高强纤维束1-2束。
4.如权利要求1所述的利用回收处理医疗废物制备的土工格栅,其特征在于,所述医疗塑料废物为聚丙烯PP类,聚乙烯PE类,聚氯乙烯PVC类,高密度聚乙烯HDPE类,聚烯烃热塑弹性体TPE类的已使用的医疗塑料制品和已过期未使用的医疗塑料制品。
5.如权利要求1所述的利用回收处理医疗废物制备的土工格栅,其特征在于,所述高强纤维束为碳纤维,玻璃纤维,钢塑纤维,聚酯纤维或PBO纤维中的至少一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的利用回收处理医疗废物制备的土工格栅,其特征在于,所述改性填料为碳酸钙或硫酸钙、聚丙烯酸钠增稠剂、氧化锌晶须或碳化硅晶须、短碳纤维、二氧化硅、高岭土或蒙脱土、滑石粉或云母粉中的一种或几种的组合。
7.如权利要求1所述的利用回收处理医疗废物制备的土工格栅,其特征在于,所述加工助剂为改性炭黑、石蜡、硬脂酸、硬脂酸钡、硬脂酸钙或邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯中的一种或几种的组合。
8.一种利用回收处理医疗废物制备的土工格栅的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
将医疗废物消毒、破碎,形成医疗废物破碎料;
将所述医疗废物破碎料与改性填料、加工助剂混合、熔融造粒,形成母粒;将母粒与高强度纤维束熔融复合,辊压成板材、冲孔、拉伸,即得土工格栅。
9.如权利要求8所述的利用回收处理医疗废物制备的土工格栅的制备方法,其特征在于,所述熔融温度为160℃~200℃。
10.权利要求1-7任一项所述的利用回收处理医疗废物制备的土工格栅在堤坝和路基补强、边坡防护、洞壁补强,大型机场、停车场、码头货场的永久性承载的地基补强中的应用。
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