CN111360380A - Rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method for thin plate - Google Patents

Rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method for thin plate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111360380A
CN111360380A CN202010235168.6A CN202010235168A CN111360380A CN 111360380 A CN111360380 A CN 111360380A CN 202010235168 A CN202010235168 A CN 202010235168A CN 111360380 A CN111360380 A CN 111360380A
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welding
speed
welded
submerged arc
thin plates
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CN111360380B (en
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朱杰
王加友
张陆霄
姜玉清
王纳
林登强
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • B23K9/025—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for rectilinear seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • B23K2101/185—Tailored blanks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method for a thin plate, which comprises the following steps: the assembled thin plates to be welded are pressed on a welding backing plate along the welding direction, then welding flux and welding wires matched with the thin plates to be welded are selected according to the materials of the thin plates to be welded, a rotary submerged-arc welding method and technological parameters are set according to the plate thickness and the groove form of the thin plates to be welded, finally the welding flux is laid along the welding direction at the welding starting position, welding electric arcs are ignited, a rotary submerged-arc welding torch is controlled to drive the welding electric arcs to rotate at a constant speed in the welding flux according to the set rotating speed and direction, and meanwhile, a dragging mechanism drives the whole rotary submerged-arc welding torch to move towards the front of welding, so that the rotary submerged-. The invention has low implementation cost, can obviously improve the welding speed of single-wire electric arc and reduce the welding assembly requirement, and is particularly suitable for thin plate welding occasions.

Description

Rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method for thin plate
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method for a thin plate.
Background
Aiming at the thin plate welding widely used for thin wall parts of locomotives, ships and the like at present, common automatic welding methods comprise consumable electrode (or non-consumable electrode) gas shielded welding, laser welding, friction stir welding and the like. The conventional consumable electrode (or non-consumable electrode) gas shielded welding has low implementation cost, but the welding heat input control requirement is high; the laser welding has high welding speed, but has high assembly requirement, complex welding system and high price; the welding position of the friction stir welding is limited greatly, and the stirring pin is special in material and high in performance requirement.
The Chinese invention patent number of ZL201310387751.9, named as a laser welding method and fixture for stainless steel sheet fillet weld, discloses a laser welding method and fixture for stainless steel fillet weld with the thickness of 0.7mm by adopting a copper fixture with an included angle of 90 degrees and under the action of 4 paths of coaxial shielding gas, wherein the laser output power is 1000-2000W, the welding speed is 2-6 m/min, the flow of the shielding gas is 5-10L/min, and the defocusing amount is + 15-25 mm. Although the technology realizes the high-speed welding of the stainless steel thin plate, the clamp used in the implementation process is complex, and simultaneously, CCD sensors are required to be used for teaching and positioning at the welding starting position and the welding ending position, and the welding parameters are required to be strictly controlled according to the laser spot position. The method has the advantages of complex system, high cost and inconvenient implementation.
The Chinese invention patent number is ZL20131073066.6 and is named as a non-arc light rapid welding method of a stainless steel sheet, and discloses a non-arc light welding method for an austenitic stainless steel sheet with the thickness of 4-6 mm, which is realized by matching 1.2mm thin welding wires with granular alkaline sintered flux, wherein the welding voltage is 34-36V, the welding current is 190-260A, the welding speed is 660-840 mm/min, and the welding heat input is 4.6-8.5 kJ/cm. The technology is only suitable for austenitic stainless steel sheets with the thickness of 4-6 mm, and the application range is small; special welding flux is needed, and a welding workpiece is strictly cleaned, so that the practicability is not high; this method has a much lower welding speed than the laser welding method, and thus has a certain limitation in application.
The Chinese patent number of the invention is '201511017320.9', the name is 'a method for improving the performance of a sheet friction stir welding joint', and the invention discloses a method for preparing a butt welding plate and an auxiliary plate by adopting a machining method, strictly assembling and fixing before welding, and realizing friction stir welding connection of the butt welding plate with the thickness of 2-6 mm by selecting a stirring head with a proper size, wherein the rotation speed of the stirring head is 500-3000 r/min, the rolling speed is 5-50 mm/min, the depth of a shaft shoulder pressed into a workpiece is 0.1-0.8 mm, and the welding speed is 200-1000 mm/min. The technology solves the problem of low bearing capacity of the friction welding joint of the stirring thin plate, and improves the welding tool to a certain extent. However, in general, the method is complex to implement, requires high requirements for preparation of welding plates, pre-welding assembly, material and size of the stirring head, and is relatively slow in welding speed.
The rotating arc welding is a welding method which enables an ignited welding arc to rotate around the axis of a welding gun at a certain frequency and high speed through mechanical or electromagnetic driving, and is originally developed by Japanese experts for fillet welding and thick plate narrow gap welding. After the electric arc rotates, the thermal action range of the electric arc is widened, so that the requirement of a workpiece assembly gap is reduced, meanwhile, the melting speed of a welding wire can be increased, molten pool liquid metal is stirred, and grain refinement is promoted. At present, most of conventional rotating electric arcs are gas metal arc welding, the arc radiation is strong, the current density of welding wires is high, the welding wires are easily influenced by the ambient wind speed, and the speed of the monofilament rotating electric arc welding is limited. In addition, most of the existing submerged arc welding adopts welding wires with the diameter larger than 3mm, the welding heat input is large, the deposition efficiency is high, but for thin plate workpieces, the method is easy to have the defect of welding through in the implementation process. In summary, the prior art fails to achieve a low-cost high-speed welding of thin plates.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method for a thin plate, which aims at solving the problems that the prior welding process technology is difficult to meet the high-speed welding requirement of the thin plate, the welding method is complex to implement and the welding equipment is expensive, and comprehensively utilizes the advantages of low assembly requirement of a rotary arc welding groove and high deposition efficiency of submerged arc welding. The method has low implementation cost, good applicability and high welding speed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a rotating submerged arc high-speed welding method for thin plates comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, pressing two assembled to-be-welded thin plates 6 on a welding backing plate 7 along a welding direction, placing a rotary submerged arc welding torch 1 above a groove of the to-be-welded thin plate 6, and setting the height h of the welding torch115-25 mm;
and 2, selecting a welding flux matched with the thin plate 6 to be welded and a welding wire 2 with the diameter of 1.2-1.6 mm according to the material of the thin plate 6 to be welded, and setting a rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method and technological parameters according to the plate thickness and the groove form of the thin plate 6 to be welded, wherein the technological parameters comprise: welding current I is 350-500A, arc voltage is 32-38V, arc rotation speed n is 3000-7200 r/min, arc rotation radius r is 2-4 mm, and welding speed V isw1000-3000 mm/min;
step 3, after a welding flux 3 is laid at the welding start position of the to-be-welded thin plate 6 along the welding direction and a welding arc 4 is ignited, the rotary submerged arc welding torch 1 is controlled to drive the welding arc 4 to rotate at a constant speed in the welding flux 3 according to a set rotating speed and direction, and meanwhile, the dragging mechanism drives the whole rotary submerged arc welding torch 1 to rotate at a welding speed VwMoving towards the welding front to realize the rotary submerged arc high-speed welding of the thin plate 6 to be welded.
Preferably, in step 1, when the two to-be-welded thin plates 6 are assembled in a butt-joint groove form, an assembly gap G is formed between the two to-be-welded thin plates10 to 2.5mm, and a misalignment amount C10 to 1 mm; when two sheets 6 to be welded are assembled in a lap joint or angle joint or T-shaped groove mode, an assembling gap G is formed between the two sheets1Is 0 to 2 mm.
Preferably, in step 1, when the grooves of the two assembled to-be-welded thin plates 6 are butt grooves, the welding backing plate 7 is a copper backing plate and has a width G along the welding direction20 to 5mm, depth h2A forming groove 7-1 with the thickness of 0-1.5 mm, after the welding press plate is tightly pressed, the two thin plates 6 to be welded are tightly contacted with the copper base plate and are in butt jointThe center of the groove is positioned in the forming groove 7-1; when the grooves of the two assembled to-be-welded thin plates 6 are lap grooves, the welding backing plate 7 comprises a steel fixed backing plate 7-4, a lifting backing plate 7-2 and at least 1 lifting table 7-3, wherein the lifting backing plate 7-2 is flatly arranged on the lifting table 7-3, and the lifting table 7-3 is adjusted to control the height and the upper surface levelness of the lifting backing plate 7-2 before welding, so that the two to-be-welded thin plates 6 are respectively in close contact with the lifting backing plate 7-2 and the steel fixed backing plate 7-4 after being pressed by the welding pressing plate; when the grooves of the two assembled to-be-welded thin plates 6 are in angle joint or T-shaped grooves, the welding backing plate 7 is a copper backing plate, and the edge angle of the copper backing plate is provided with a width G along the welding direction20 to 3mm, depth h2The thickness of the forming groove is 0-1.5 mm, after the welding pressing plate is tightly pressed, the two to-be-welded thin plates 6 are tightly contacted with the copper base plate, and the centers of the angle welding or T-shaped grooves are all positioned in the forming groove 7-1.
More preferably, in the step 2, when the plate thickness δ of the two to-be-welded thin plates 6 is not more than 5mm, the rotating submerged arc high-speed welding method is a single-layer single-pass rotating submerged arc high-speed welding method; when the thickness delta of the two to-be-welded thin plates 6 is larger than 5mm, the rotating submerged arc high-speed welding method is a multi-layer and multi-pass welding rotating submerged arc high-speed welding method.
More preferably, in step 2, the welding wire 2 is any one of a solid welding wire and a flux-cored welding wire.
Preferably, in step 2, when the grooves of the two assembled to-be-welded thin plates 6 are in lap joint, angle joint or T-shaped grooves, the set parameters of the rotary submerged arc high-speed welding process further include a welding torch inclination angle α1Is 0-60 DEG and an upper offset distance C20 to 2.5mm, right offset distance C30 to 2.5 mm.
Further preferably, when the flux 3 is laid in the step 3, the thickness of the laid flux 3 is larger than the height h of the welding torch1The laying width is greater than three times the arc rotation radius r.
Further preferably, the method for laying the welding flux 3 in the step 3 is to lay the welding flux 3 on the whole groove at one time before welding or lay the welding flux 3 in real time during welding3, when the welding agent 3 is laid in real time in the welding process, the pre-laying length from the start welding point to the welding front before welding is L1The welding flux 3 moves along with the rotating submerged arc welding torch 1 after start welding, and the real-time laying length is L from the position ahead of the welding arc 4 to the welding end2Flux 3 of (1).
Further preferably, the pre-laying length L1Is more than 100mm, the real-time laying length L2Is greater than 100 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method for the thin plate has the following advantages:
(1) by combining the respective technical advantages of the rotary arc welding method and the submerged arc welding method, the welding current, the arc voltage, the rotating speed and the radius of the electric arc, and the height, the inclination angle and the offset distance of the welding torch are adjusted by selecting the welding flux and the welding wire matched with the base metal, the single-layer single-welding-wire rotary submerged arc high-speed welding of the steel sheet with the maximum thickness of 5mm can be realized under the conditions of different assembly gaps, the application range is wide, and the practicability is high.
(2) Compared with the existing thin plate welding method, the welding speed of the invention is much higher than that of gas metal arc welding and friction stir welding, and reaches the speed level of laser welding, but the preparation requirement before welding is low, the welding process is simple, the implementation cost is low, the invention has obvious economic superiority, and the invention is easy to realize engineering popularization.
(3) When the arc rotating speed is more than 3000r/min and the welding speed is more than 400mm/min, the stability of the welding process and the forming quality of a welding seam of the existing rotary arc welding method are rapidly deteriorated. In comparison, the invention can still obtain good welding seam forming when the arc rotating speed is up to 3000-7200 r/min and the welding speed is up to 1000-3000 mm/min, and meanwhile, the invention has no welding arc radiation and less welding smoke.
(4) Compared with the traditional submerged arc welding method, the method has the advantages that the diameter of the used welding wire is small, the welding heat input is low, and the welding penetration defect during the submerged arc welding of the sheet can be effectively prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method for thin plates (taking a butt groove as an example) according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic view of the arc rotation of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a butt weld assembly of a sheet workpiece according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the sheet workpiece lap assembly and arc spinning of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the fillet weld assembly of the thin plate workpiece of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the T-groove welding assembly of the thin plate workpiece of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the flux of the present invention, wherein fig. 7(a) is a schematic view of pre-laying before soldering, and fig. 7(b) is a schematic view of pre-laying of the flux after solder start.
FIG. 8 is a photograph showing the formation of a weld seam on the front and back sides after 2mm thick submerged arc high speed butt welding in which FIG. 8(a) and FIG. 8(b) are respectively a splicing gap G1Is 1mm, misalignment amount C1Front and back weld forming photographs at 0.5mm, FIG. 8(c) and FIG. 8(d) are respectively assembly gaps G1Is 0mm, misalignment amount C1A photograph of the weld line on the front and back sides was taken at 0.2 mm.
In fig. 1 to 7: 1-rotating the submerged arc welding torch; 2-welding wires; 3-welding flux; 4-electric arc; 5-welding power supply; 6-welding a thin plate to be welded; 7, welding a backing plate; 7-1-forming groove; 7-2-lifting base plate; 7-3-a lifting platform; 7-4-fixing the backing plate; 8-arc rotation trajectory; 9-a contact tip; n-arc rotation speed; i, welding current; vw-welding speed; h is1-torch height; r-arc radius of rotation; o is1-arc rotation trajectory centre; delta-sheet thickness; g1-splicing gaps; g2-forming groove width; h is2-forming groove depth; c1-amount of misalignment; c2-an upper offset distance; c3-right offset distance α1-torch inclination; l is1-pre-laying length; l is2-laying length.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and all technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses a rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method for a thin plate, which has the technical principle that: aiming at two to-be-welded thin plates 6 which are well assembled and are tightly pressed on a welding backing plate 7, an electric arc rotation technology is adopted, the high-melting efficiency advantage of a submerged arc welding method is utilized, a rotary electric arc 4 is generated inside a submerged arc welding agent 3 laid in grooves of the two to-be-welded thin plates 6, the rotating speed n and the rotating radius r of the welding electric arc 4 at the end part of a welding wire 2 are sent out by adjusting a conductive nozzle 9, the heat of the electric arc is uniformly transmitted to the two sides of the groove, molten drop transition and molten pool stirring are promoted, meanwhile, high-speed welding of a thin plate workpiece is realized under the condition of low assembly requirement by means of support of a backing plate module at the back of the to-be-welded thin plates 6, and finally, a.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram (butt groove is taken as an example) of a rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method for thin plates according to the present invention. Before welding, firstly two thin plates 6 to be welded are assembled to form a gap G10 to 2.5mm, and a misalignment amount C1Assembling and assembling the two to-be-welded thin plates 6 into a butt-joint groove workpiece in a pair of 0-1 mm, and pressing the two to-be-welded thin plates 6 which are assembled in a butt-joint mode onto a welding backing plate 7 through a welding pressing plate. In this case, the welding pad 7 used in the present invention is a copper pad having a width G in the welding direction20 to 5mm, depth h2A forming groove 7-1 (see FIG. 3) of 0 to 1.5 mm. Before welding, after the two to-be-welded thin plates 6 are tightly pressed by the welding pressing plate, the two to-be-welded thin plates 6 are tightly contacted with the copper base plate, and the centers of the butt joint grooves are all positioned in the forming grooves 7-1. Then, according to the plate thickness delta and the splicing gap G of the two thin plates 6 to be welded1And misalignment amount C1The arc rotation radius r is set to be in the range of 2 to 4mm (see fig. 2 and 3). Then, the rotary submerged-arc welding torch 1 is vertically placed right above the center of the butt groove of the two sheets 6 to be welded, and the height h of the welding torch is set115-25 mm (see figure 2), and the rotary submerged arc welding torch 1 and the thin plate 6 to be welded are respectively connected with two welding cables of a welding power supply 5.
As shown in FIG. 4, when two sheets 6 to be welded are assembled to form a gap G1When the lapping workpieces are assembled by 0-2 mm groups, the welding backing plate 7 used by the invention comprises a steel fixed backing plate 7-4, a lifting backing plate 7-2 and at least 1 lifting platform 7-3, wherein the lifting backing plate 7-2 is horizontally arranged on the lifting platform 7-3. Before welding, the two overlapped and assembled thin plates 6 to be welded are pressed on the steel fixed base plate 7-4 together through a welding pressure plate, and one of the thin plates 6 to be welded is in close contact with the steel fixed base plate 7-4; and then adjusting the lifting table 7-3 to control the height of the lifting base plate 7-2 and the levelness of the upper surface of the lifting base plate so that the other thin plate 6 to be welded is tightly contacted with the lifting base plate 7-2 after being pressed by the welding pressing plate. At this time, the number of the elevating stages 7-3 in the welding mat 7 is preferably more than 1 so as to adjust the levelness of the upper surface of the elevating mat 7-2. Then, according to the thickness delta of the to-be-welded thin plates 6 to be lapped and the size requirement of a lapped joint, setting the range of the arc rotating radius r to be 2-4 mm, meanwhile, placing the rotating submerged arc welding torch 1 above the lapped grooves of the two to-be-welded thin plates 6, and setting the height h of the welding torch115-25 mm and at a torch tilt angle of α1Is 0-60 DEG and an upper offset distance C2Is 0-2.5 mm and a right offset distance C3The posture and the position of the rotary submerged arc welding torch 1 are adjusted within the range of 0-2.5 mm, and then the rotary submerged arc welding torch 1 and the thin plate 6 to be welded are respectively connected with two welding cables of a welding power supply 5.
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, when two sheets 6 to be welded are assembled to form a gap G1When the welding backing plate 7 is assembled into an angle joint or T-shaped groove workpiece in a 0-2 mm pairing way, the welding backing plate is a copper backing plate, and the edge angle of the copper backing plate is provided with a width G along the welding direction20 to 3mm, depth h2A forming groove 7-1 of 0 to 1.5 mm. At this time, it is preferable to provide the forming grooves 7-1 at a plurality of corners of the copper shim plate to facilitate repeated use of the copper shim plate. Before welding, when the groove form of the two assembled and assembled to-be-welded thin plates 6 is an angle groove, the two assembled and assembled to-be-welded thin plates 6 are pressed on a copper base plate through a welding pressing plate, and the centers of the angle grooves of the two to-be-welded thin plates 6 are all positioned in a forming groove 7-1; when the grooves of the two to-be-welded thin plates 6 which are assembled into an assembly form are T-shaped grooves, the two assembled thin plates are assembled into an assembly form through the welding pressing plateThe sheets 6 to be welded are respectively pressed on the copper base plate and the welding workbench, and the centers of the T-shaped grooves of the two sheets 6 to be welded are all positioned in the forming groove 7-1. Then, according to the plate thickness delta and the splicing gap G of the two thin plates 6 to be welded1Setting the range of the arc rotation radius r to be 2-4 mm according to the requirements of the size of an angle joint or a T-shaped joint, simultaneously placing a rotary submerged arc welding torch 1 above a 6-angle joint or a T-shaped groove of a thin plate to be welded, and setting the height h of the welding torch115-25 mm and at a torch tilt angle of α1Is 0-60 DEG and an upper offset distance C2Is 0-2.5 mm and a right offset distance C3The posture and the position of the rotary submerged arc welding torch 1 are adjusted within the range of 0-2.5 mm, and then the rotary submerged arc welding torch 1 and the thin plate 6 to be welded are respectively connected with two welding cables of a welding power supply 5.
After the preparation work before the above-mentioned welding is finished, according to two the material of waiting to weld sheet metal 6, choose solid or flux cored wire 2 of flux 3 and diameter 1.2 ~ 1.6mm with it assorted, according to two the thick and groove forms of waiting to weld sheet metal 6, other process parameters of the rotatory submerged arc high speed welding who sets for specifically include: welding current I is 350-500A, arc voltage is 32-38V, and welding speed Vw1000 to 3000mm/min, an arc rotation speed n of 3000 to 7200r/min and a rotation direction. Then, pre-laying a length L in the welding direction at the start-up welding position1Flux 3, preferably pre-laid length L before welding1Greater than 100mm (see fig. 7a), and laying height greater than torch height h1(see fig. 7a), the lay width is greater than three arc rotation radii r.
After igniting the welding arc 4, the rotating submerged arc torch 1 is controlled to drive the welding arc 4 inside the flux 3 at point O1The center of the rotating track 8 rotates at a constant speed according to the set rotating speed n, the set rotating direction and the set rotating radius r, and simultaneously the dragging mechanism drives the rotating submerged arc welding torch 1 to integrally rotate at the welding speed VwAnd moving towards the front of welding to realize the rotary submerged arc high-speed welding of the two sheets 6 to be welded. During welding, at the advanced welding arc 4 position L2The welding flux 3 is laid in real time in the groove to be welded according to the set laying height and width until the welding is finished, and the preferred advanced laying length L2Greater than 100mm (see figure 7 b). In addition, it is also possible toAnd paving the welding flux 3 on the whole groove at one time before welding. With the movement of the rotary submerged arc welding torch 1 to the welding front, the welding flux 3 provides effective protection for the electric arc 4 and the welding pool which are about to move to the welding front along the welding direction, and finally, a thin plate high-speed welding joint with good penetration, no defect and excellent mechanical property is obtained.
When the thickness delta of the two thin plates 6 to be welded is not more than 5mm, the rotating submerged arc high-speed welding method for the thin plates can realize single-layer single-pass rotating submerged arc high-speed welding. When the thickness delta of the two thin plates 6 to be welded is larger than 5mm, the rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method for the thin plates can realize multilayer and multi-channel rotary submerged arc high-speed welding.
In the implementation process of the rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method for the thin plate, when the plate thickness delta and the groove form of the thin plate 6 to be welded are changed, selected welding parameters are in a mutual matching relation. In practical application, in order to ensure the formation of a welding seam, welding process parameters are set in a one-to-one correspondence mode according to the plate thickness delta and the groove form of the thin plate 6 to be welded, and then the rotary submerged arc high-speed welding can be realized. The selection principle of the specific parameters of the rotary submerged arc high-speed welding process is as follows: the larger the thickness delta of the sheet 6 to be welded, the selected welding speed VwThe slower; the smaller the thickness delta of the sheet 6 to be welded, the selected welding speed VwThe faster; when the plate thickness delta is fixed, the larger the welding current I and the arc voltage are, the selected arc rotating speed n and the selected welding speed V arewThe faster; when the plate thickness delta is fixed, the welding current I and the arc voltage are smaller, and the selected arc rotating speed n and the selected welding speed V arewThe slower; assembling gap G of two to-be-welded thin plates 61The larger the welding current I and the arc voltage are, the faster the arc rotation speed n is, and the welding speed V iswThe slower, the larger the arc radius of rotation r; assembling gap G of two to-be-welded thin plates 61The smaller the welding current I and the arc voltage are, the slower the arc rotation speed n is, the welding speed V iswThe faster the arc rotation radius r, the greater the lap joint or fillet joint or T-joint size requirement, the selected welding current I, arc voltage, torch tip angle α1Upper offset distance C2Right offset distance C3And the larger the arc radius of rotation r, the welding speed VwThe slower the welding process, the smaller the dimensional requirements for the lap joint, the fillet joint or the T-joint, the welding current I, the arc voltage and the welding torch inclination α are selected1Upper offset distance C2Right offset distance C3The smaller the arc radius r, the welding speed VwThe faster; compared with the flux-cored wire, when the welding wire 2 is a solid welding wire, the corresponding welding speed V is adoptedwIs quicker.
The following provides 4 embodiments of the rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method for thin plates according to the present invention, respectively, to specifically describe the parameter selection of the rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method during assembling for different sets of 2 to-be-welded thin plates 6. In all the examples the sheets 6 to be welded are carbon steel and are at the height h of the torch118mm, the diameter of the welding wire 2 is 1.2mm, and the welding flux 3 is Lincoln 781 welding flux. When the material of the two thin plates 6 to be welded is changed, the rotating submerged arc high-speed welding joint with good performance can be obtained only by selecting the welding wire 2 and the welding flux 3 which are matched with the two thin plates.
Example 1
FIG. 8 is a photograph showing the formation of front and back weld joints after rotary submerged arc high-speed butt welding of two to-be-welded thin plates 6 each having a plate thickness δ of 2 mm. Wherein, FIG. 8(a) and FIG. 8(b) are the assembling gap G respectively1Is 1mm, misalignment amount C1A photograph of a weld line formed on both sides at 0.5mm, wherein the width G of the forming groove 7-1 of the copper shim plate 7 used in this case was2Is 3mm and a depth h21mm, a welding current I of 370A, an arc voltage of 35V, an arc rotation speed n of 4500r/min, an arc rotation radius r of 2mm, and a welding speed VwIs 2300 mm/min. FIG. 8(c) and FIG. 8(d) are the splicing gaps G1Is 0mm, misalignment amount C1A photograph of a weld line formed on both sides at 0.2mm, wherein the width G of the forming groove 7-1 of the copper shim plate 7 used in the photograph2Is 4mm and a depth h21mm, a welding current I of 440A, an arc voltage of 36V, an arc rotation speed n of 6000r/min, an arc rotation radius r of 3mm, and a welding speed VwIs 2700 mm/min.
As can be seen in FIG. 8, the gap G is for different splice gaps1And misalignment amount C1Is butted withThe groove 6 of the thin plate is welded, the welding arc energy and the distribution thereof are changed by adjusting the technological parameters of the rotary submerged arc high-speed butt welding, the thin plate welding seam formation with good penetration and no weld penetration defect can be obtained by the rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method for the thin plate, the welding speed is far higher than that of the conventional gas metal arc welding and friction stir welding, and the speed level of laser welding is reached under the condition of low implementation cost.
Example 2
As shown in FIG. 4, two to-be-welded thin plates 6 with the thickness delta of 3mm and 4mm are spliced into a lap joint groove form, and a splicing gap G1The thickness is 0.5mm, a welding pressure plate is adopted to respectively press two to-be-welded thin plates 6 which are well assembled in a lap joint way on a lifting base plate 7-2 and a steel fixed base plate 7-4 before welding, 9 lifting tables 7-3 are evenly arranged below the lifting base plate 7-2 in three rows along the welding direction, and before welding, the welding torch inclination angle α of the rotary submerged arc welding torch 1 above a lap joint groove is adjusted1Is 30 DEG and is offset by an upper distance C2Is 0mm, right offset distance C3Set welding current I of 350A, arc voltage of 32V, arc rotation speed n of 3000r/min, arc rotation radius r of 2mm, and welding speed V at 0mmwIs 3000 mm/min. After the rotary submerged arc high-speed welding, the sheet lap joint which is good in forming and meets the use requirement is obtained.
Example 3
As shown in FIG. 5, two to-be-welded thin plates 6 with thickness delta of 5mm are spliced into an angle groove form, and a splicing gap G11mm, respectively pressing two to-be-welded thin plates 6 which are angle-welded and assembled on a copper base plate by adopting a welding pressing plate before welding, wherein 4 corners of the two to-be-welded thin plates are respectively provided with a width G along the welding direction2Is 3mm and a depth h2Forming groove 7-1 of 1.5mm before welding, adjusting welding torch inclination α of rotary submerged arc welding torch 1 above angle joint groove160 DEG, upper offset distance C2Is 2.5mm, right offset distance C32.5mm, a welding current I of 500A, an arc voltage of 38V, an arc rotation speed n of 7200r/min, an arc rotation radius r of 4mm, and a welding speed VwIs 1000 mm/min. After the high-speed welding of the rotary submerged arc, the angle joint of the thin plate with good forming and meeting the use requirements is obtainedAnd (4) a head.
Example 4
As shown in FIG. 6, two to-be-welded thin plates 6 with the thickness delta of 3mm and 5mm are spliced into a T-shaped groove form, and a splicing gap G12mm, before welding, a welding pressure plate is adopted to respectively press two to-be-welded thin plates 6 which are assembled by the T-shaped grooves on a copper base plate, and 4 corners of the two to-be-welded thin plates are respectively provided with a width G along the welding direction2Is 3mm and a depth h2Forming groove 7-1 of 1.5mm before welding, torch inclination α of rotary submerged arc welding torch 1 above T-shaped groove is adjusted1Is 45 DEG and is offset by an upper distance C2Is 1mm, right offset distance C32mm, a welding current I of 400A, an arc voltage of 35V, an arc rotation speed n of 4500r/min, an arc rotation radius r of 3mm, and a welding speed Vw2400 mm/min. After the rotary submerged arc high-speed welding, the T-shaped joint of the thin plate with good forming and meeting the use requirement is obtained.
From the 4 examples, it is clear that a well-formed single-layer single-pass thin plate welded joint can be obtained by the rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method of the present invention under the conditions of different groove forms and sizes for thin plates with the plate thickness delta within 5 mm. When the thickness delta is larger than 5mm, the well-formed rotary submerged arc high-speed welding joint can be obtained by only multilayer multi-pass welding. The invention has low preparation requirement before welding, simple welding process, easy maintenance of welding equipment and low welding cost, and is easy to realize engineering popularization and application.

Claims (9)

1. A rotating submerged arc high-speed welding method for thin plates is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, pressing two assembled to-be-welded thin plates (6) on a welding backing plate (7) along a welding direction, placing a rotary submerged arc welding torch (1) above a groove of the to-be-welded thin plate (6), and setting the height h of the welding torch115-25 mm;
step 2, selecting a flux matched with the thin plate (6) to be welded and a welding wire (2) with the diameter of 1.2-1.6 mm according to the material of the thin plate (6), and setting a rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method and process parameters according to the plate thickness and groove form of the thin plate (6) to be weldedThe method comprises the following steps: welding current I is 350-500A, arc voltage is 32-38V, arc rotation speed n is 3000-7200 r/min, arc rotation radius r is 2-4 mm, and welding speed V isw1000-3000 mm/min;
step 3, after a welding flux (3) is laid at the welding starting position of the to-be-welded thin plate (6) along the welding direction and a welding electric arc (4) is ignited, the rotary submerged arc welding torch (1) is controlled to drive the welding electric arc (4) to rotate at a constant speed in the welding flux (3) according to a set rotating speed and direction, and meanwhile, the dragging mechanism drives the whole rotary submerged arc welding torch (1) to rotate at a welding speed VwMoving towards the welding front to realize the rotary submerged arc high-speed welding of the thin plate (6) to be welded.
2. The rotary submerged arc high speed welding method for thin plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, when two sheets (6) to be welded are assembled in a butt groove form, an assembling gap G is formed between the two sheets10 to 2.5mm, and a misalignment amount C10 to 1 mm; when two sheets (6) to be welded are assembled in a lap joint or angle joint or T-shaped groove mode, an assembling gap G is formed1Is 0 to 2 mm.
3. The rotary submerged arc high speed welding method for thin plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, when the groove form of the two assembled to-be-welded thin plates (6) is a butt groove, the welding backing plate (7) is a copper backing plate, and the width G is arranged along the welding direction20 to 5mm, depth h2The thickness of the copper base plate is 0-1.5 mm, the two to-be-welded thin plates (6) are tightly contacted with the copper base plate after the welding pressing plate is tightly pressed, and the centers of the butt joint grooves are all positioned in the forming grooves (7-1); when the grooves of the two assembled to-be-welded thin plates (6) are lap grooves, the welding backing plates (7) comprise steel fixing backing plates (7-4), lifting backing plates (7-2) and at least 1 lifting table (7-3), wherein the lifting backing plates (7-2) are flatly arranged on the lifting tables (7-3), the lifting tables (7-3) are adjusted before welding to control the height and the upper surface levelness of the lifting backing plates (7-2), and the two to-be-welded thin plates (6) are respectively pressed with the lifting backing plates (7-2) and the steel fixing pads after the welding pressing plates are pressedThe plates (7-4) are in close contact; when the grooves of the two assembled to-be-welded thin plates (6) are in angle joint or T-shaped grooves, the welding backing plate (7) is a copper backing plate, and the edge angle of the copper backing plate is provided with a width G along the welding direction20 to 3mm, depth h2The thickness of the copper base plate is 0-1.5 mm, after the welding pressing plate is tightly pressed, the two to-be-welded thin plates (6) are tightly contacted with the copper base plate, and the centers of the angle-welded or T-shaped grooves are all positioned in the forming groove (7-1).
4. The rotary submerged arc high speed welding method for thin plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2, when the thickness delta of the two to-be-welded thin plates (6) is not more than 5mm, the rotating submerged arc high-speed welding method is a single-layer single-pass rotating submerged arc high-speed welding method; when the thickness delta of the two to-be-welded thin plates (6) is larger than 5mm, the rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method is a rotary submerged arc high-speed welding method of multilayer multi-pass welding.
5. The rotary submerged arc high speed welding method for thin plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2, the welding wire (2) is any one of a solid welding wire or a flux-cored welding wire.
6. The rotating submerged arc high-speed welding method for the thin plates according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 2, when the grooves of the two assembled thin plates (6) to be welded are in the form of lap joints, angle joints or T-shaped grooves, the set rotating submerged arc high-speed welding process parameters further comprise a welding torch inclination angle α1Is 0-60 DEG and an upper offset distance C20 to 2.5mm, right offset distance C30 to 2.5 mm.
7. The rotary submerged arc high speed welding method for thin plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the welding flux (3) is laid in the step 3, the laying thickness of the welding flux (3) is larger than the height h of the welding torch1The laying width is greater than three times the arc rotation radius r.
8. The rotary submerged arc high speed welding method for thin plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for paving the welding flux (3) in the step 3 is that the welding flux (3) is paved on the whole groove at one time before welding, or the welding flux (3) is paved in real time in the welding process, and when the welding flux (3) is paved in real time in the welding process, the length L is pre-paved from a start welding point to the welding front before welding1The welding flux (3) moves along with the rotating submerged arc welding torch (1) after the start welding, and the length of the welding flux (3) is laid in real time from the welding front to the welding end at the position of the leading welding arc (4)2The flux (3).
9. The rotary submerged arc high speed welding method for thin plates according to claim 8, characterized in that: the pre-laying length L1Is more than 100mm, and the real-time laying length L2 is more than 100 mm.
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