CN111358074A - 一种新冠病毒防护头套 - Google Patents

一种新冠病毒防护头套 Download PDF

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CN111358074A
CN111358074A CN202010233433.7A CN202010233433A CN111358074A CN 111358074 A CN111358074 A CN 111358074A CN 202010233433 A CN202010233433 A CN 202010233433A CN 111358074 A CN111358074 A CN 111358074A
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melt
blown
woven fabric
polypropylene
electret
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陈建民
孙剑峰
陈晖�
李丹
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SHANDONG AIDA MEDICAL PRODUCTS Co.,Ltd.
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Fudan University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D27/00—Details of garments or of their making
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    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
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    • A42B1/24—Hats; Caps; Hoods with means for attaching articles thereto, e.g. memorandum tablets or mirrors
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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Abstract

本发明属于防护面具技术领域，具体为一种新冠病毒防护头套。本发明防护头套结构与目前医用防护头套结构类似，包括头套基体、护目镜、病毒滤芯口罩等，其中，基体的材料为复合高效防护新冠病毒材料，由两层材料构成，外层为丙纶纺粘无纺布，内层为超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布；病毒滤芯材料为三层结构，外层为丙纶纺粘无纺布，中间层为双层超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布，内层为丙纶纺粘无纺布。该头套具有很好的新冠病毒过滤效果，可达到NIOSH（美国国家职业安全卫生所）N95及N99标准，并具有良好的透气性。

Description

一种新冠病毒防护头套
技术领域
本发明属于防护面具技术领域，具体涉及一种新冠病毒高效防护头套。
技术背景
冠状病毒是自然界广泛存在的一大类病毒，其病毒颗粒的直径为60-120nm,平均直径为100nm，呈球形或椭球形。2019新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）是目前已知的第7种可以感染人的冠状病毒。患者在感染了冠状病毒后常见体征有呼吸道症状、发热、咳嗽、气促和呼吸困难等。在较严重病例中，感染可导致肺炎、严重急性呼吸综合征、多器官衰竭，甚至死亡。为保护自身及他人身体健康安全，广大居民在疫情期间为加强病毒防护都不约而同地戴上了口罩。与此同时，在抗疫过程中有千余名一线医护人员在正确佩戴N95/KN95口罩且防护齐全的条件下仍被新冠病毒感染。针对新冠病毒极强的传染性，卫生防疫专家强调目前可以确定的新冠肺炎传播途径主要为直接传播、气溶胶传播和接触传播。浙大科研团队首次发现眼泪及结膜分泌物存在新冠病毒且存在眼部传染新冠病毒的风险，所以佩戴护目镜也成为必不可少的防护举措。然而，分别佩戴口罩和护目镜一方面较为繁琐另一方面对于病毒防护的密闭性不高。因此，在疫情期间广大居民在前往医院、市场等人员密集的高风险地区时，佩戴可高效防护新冠病毒的头套便成为必不可少的举措。
现有的过滤材料绝大多数都是使用无纺布、纱布等为主，滤芯采用两层无纺布中间内加一层极薄熔喷无纺布，有些还再上加一层活性炭层或PTFE层制成，其织孔或网孔都较大，仅能简单阻隔飞沫等大颗粒物质，对于粒径在100nm处的病毒作用很小。新冠病病毒颗粒或团簇的质量浓度极低其数浓度却可达到4000-5000个每立方厘米，同时鉴于其高传染性，针对因100nm颗粒（新冠病毒）穿透数浓度过高而导致的病毒长时间富集，其潜在的感染风险仍不容忽视。
为有效推进防护新冠病毒头套的发展创新，增强居民对新冠病毒的防护效果，降低潜在感染风险，所以亟需一种新冠病毒高效防护头套。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种透气性好，制造成本低，工艺简单的可高效防护新冠病毒的头套。
本发明提供的新冠病毒高效防护头套，基本结构与目前通常使用的医用防护头套类似；包括：头套基体、护目镜、病毒防护口罩；具体地，基体1前面眼睛部位设置有镜框槽3，镜框槽3内为树脂镜片4，基体1两侧耳朵部位设有传音孔6，基体1的脸面部位设置有橡胶圈7，橡胶圈7内为棉网8 ，对应于口鼻呼吸部位为病毒滤芯材料9；滤芯材料9与棉网8通过卡槽10契合。
此外，基体1的头顶部或后部可以设置反光带2；侧面设有提手5。
本发明中，所述基体的材料为复合高效防护新冠病毒材料，由两层材料构成，外层为20-30g/m2丙纶纺粘无纺布，内层为45-55g/m2超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布；所述病毒防护口罩的病毒滤芯材料9为三层结构，外层为20-30g/m2丙纶纺粘无纺布，中间层为每层30-50 g/m2的双层超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布，内层为15-25g/m2丙纶纺粘无纺布。
全自动生产后产品经环氧乙烷灭菌，安全有效，对皮肤无刺激反应。
本发明中，所述的超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布，可由以下步骤制得：
（1）选取可分裂为原丝直径三十分之一到八十分之一的微细纤维，按照针刺毡的生产工艺和熔喷工艺进行微技术处理，具体流程为：将2-5旦尼尔的纤维经梳理，喂入，开松，混合，精开松，喂棉，均棉，粗梳，精梳，叠网，6至9道针刺工序，热定型，烧毛，压光，表面涂层或树脂化整理，检验，分切，成品微滤滤芯的工艺，最终得到纤维直径为一般滤料纤维直径三十分之一到八十分之一的微细纤维过滤材料；制得的超细纤维的纤度在0.01-0.1旦尼尔；
（2）再选择自极化效应强的电气石超细微粒作为驻极熔喷聚丙烯超细纤维非制造布的改性添加剂，通过表面修饰均匀分散到熔喷丙烯切片中，制得可纺性良好的驻极体聚丙烯母粒。电气石含量为总质量的3-8%；
（3）采用熔喷工艺（聚合物喂入---熔融挤出---纤维形成---纤维冷却---成网---加固成布），在250±1℃的条件下，以熔融流动指数为（1000-1400）/10min（优选1200g/10min），纺制得到复合驻极体聚丙烯熔喷超细纤维非织造布；
（4）采用电晕放电对其驻极，在低压空气下，对针形电极施加2000-4000伏高压电，使针尖附近形成很强的电场，产生驻极效果。为避免产生电弧放电，生产过程中采用高电流低电压的方式。同时，该含电气石驻极聚丙烯熔喷超细纤维非织造布采用沿厚度方向定向极化，可产生更高的电场并具有更好的电荷保存性，因而吸附效果也优于传统的驻极非织造布。
上述方法制备的超细纤维非织造布，其纤网表面电荷密度明显增加，驻极电荷贮存能力也有增强，过滤效率提高40%左右。其中电气石含量6%时，驻极综合效果最佳，其表面电荷密度可达-10μc/m2，对直径小于0.26μm粒，在过滤阻力为7Pa左右时，过滤效率达95.8%。以此制得超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布材料。
上述制得的超细纤维的纤度在0.01-0.1旦尼尔。超细纤维的直径非常小，只有头发丝的四十分之一左右，因此超细纤维被赋予了许多优越的性能：透气性好，对病毒小颗粒（直径60-120nm）吸附效果显著，具有极强的洁净效果等。
所述的丙纶纺粘无纺布外层、丙纶纺粘无纺布内层上均布有透气小孔，单位面积（平方米）无纺布上分布透气小孔为8-12万个。
该头套主体使用的复合高效防护新冠病毒材料与复合高效防护新冠病毒滤芯具有很好的新冠病毒过滤效果，可达到NIOSH（美国国家职业安全卫生所）N95及N99标准。在其对100nmPSL小球模拟新冠病毒的过滤效率检测实验过程中，对于100nmPSL小球的质量浓度过滤效率不小于99%，并可达到99.9%；数浓度过滤效率不小于99%，并可达到99.8%。另外，100nmPSL小球（模拟新冠病毒）穿透数浓度不超过每分钟50个/立方厘米，并可低至每分钟3个/立方厘米。本发明还具有良好的透气性，核心材料采用微滤技术处理的超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布，表面带有常驻静电场，当新冠病毒颗粒及团簇通过微滤滤材的空隙时，将被微滤滤材产生的静电场和弱电流所捕获，同时在内外层丙纶纺粘无纺布上都加有透气小孔，所以在同等的过滤效率下可大大提高透气性能。
本发明的有益效果在于：
（1）该头套对新冠病毒颗粒及团簇有高效的阻隔能力和捕获能力；
（2）内外层丙纶纺粘无纺布上都加有透气小孔，在同等的过滤效率下，会大大提高透气性能；
（3）采用可更换的滤芯，保持高效的过滤效率，清洁卫生，提高使用寿命；
（4）采用传音孔方便使用者在使用过程中听见外界声音，便于交流，采用反光带可最大量反射光线，更好的在夜间起到警示作用，提高安全性；
（5）该头套制作工艺简单，生产成本低，适合批量化生产。
附图说明
图1是新冠病毒高效防护头套的结构示意图。
图2为实施例中病毒滤芯材料对100nmPSL小球的过滤效率。
图3为实施例中复合高效防护新冠病毒材料对100nmPSL小球的过滤效率。
图中标号： 1为头套基基体，2为反光带，3为镜框槽，4为树脂镜片，5为提手，6为传音孔，7为橡胶圈，8为棉网，9为复合高效防护新冠病毒滤芯，10为卡槽。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体例子进一步描述本发明。
如附图1所示，新冠病毒高效防护头套结构包括：复合高效防护新冠病毒材料基体1，反光带2，镜框槽3，树脂镜片4，提手5，传音孔6，橡胶圈7，棉网8，复合高效防护新冠病毒滤芯9，卡槽10。其中，所述基体1的材料为复合高效防护新冠病毒材料，由两层材料构成，外层为25g/m2丙纶纺粘无纺布，内层为50g/m2超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布；所述病毒滤芯材料9为三层结构，外层为25g/m2丙纶纺粘无纺布，中间层为每层40 g/m2的双层超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布，内层为20g/m2丙纶纺粘无纺布。
全自动生产后产品经环氧乙烷灭菌，安全有效，对皮肤无刺激反应。
该头套主体使用的复合高效防护新冠病毒材料，以及滤芯使用的复合高效防护新冠病毒滤芯，具有很好的新冠病毒过滤效果，可达到NIOSH（美国国家职业安全卫生所）N95及N99标准。在其对100nmPSL小球模拟新冠病毒的过滤效率检测实验过程中，对于100nmPSL小球的质量浓度过滤效率不小于99%，并可达到99.9%；数浓度过滤效率不小于99%，并可达到99.8%。另外，100nmPSL小球（模拟新冠病毒）穿透数浓度不超过每分钟50个/立方厘米，并可低至每分钟3个/立方厘米。见图2、图3所示。本发明还具有良好的透气性，核心材料采用微滤技术处理的超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布，表面带有常驻静电场，当新冠病毒颗粒及团簇通过微滤滤材的空隙时，将被微滤滤材产生的静电场和弱电流所捕获；同时在内外层丙纶纺粘无纺布上都加有透气小孔（每平方米无纺布上分布透气小孔为10万个），所以在同等的过滤效率下可大大提高透气性能。

Claims (3)

1. 一种新冠病毒防护头套，基本结构与目前通常使用的医用防护头套类似；包括：头套基体，基体前面眼睛部位设置有镜框槽，镜框槽内为树脂镜片，基体两侧耳朵部位设有传音孔，基体的脸面部位设置有橡胶圈，橡胶圈内为棉网 ，对应于口鼻呼吸部位为病毒滤芯材料；滤芯材料与棉网通过卡槽契合；其特征在于，所述基体的材料为复合防护新冠病毒材料，由两层材料构成，外层为20-30g/m2丙纶纺粘无纺布，内层为45-55g/m2超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布；所述病毒滤芯材料为三层结构，外层为20-30g/m2丙纶纺粘无纺布，中间层为每层30-50 g/m2的双层超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布，内层为15-25g/m2丙纶纺粘无纺布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新冠病毒防护头套，其特征在于，所述的超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布，由以下步骤制得：
（1）选取可分裂为原丝直径三十分之一到八十分之一的微细纤维，按照针刺毡的生产工艺和熔喷工艺进行微技术处理，得到纤维直径为一般滤料纤维直径三十分之一到八十分之一的微细纤维过滤材料；制得的超细纤维的纤度在0.01-0.1旦尼尔；
（2）再选择自极化效应强的电气石超细微粒作为驻极熔喷聚丙烯超细纤维非制造布的改性添加剂，通过表面修饰均匀分散到熔喷丙烯切片中，制得可纺性良好的驻极体聚丙烯母粒；电气石含量为总质量的3-8%；
（3）采用熔喷工艺，在250±1℃的条件下，以熔融流动指数为1000-1400/10min，纺制得到复合驻极体聚丙烯熔喷超细纤维非织造布；
（4）采用电晕放电对其驻极，得到含电气石聚丙烯熔喷超细纤维非织造布；包括在低压空气下，对针形电极施加2000-4000伏高压电，使针尖附近形成很强的电场，产生驻极效果；同时，该含电气石驻极聚丙烯熔喷超细纤维非织造布采用沿厚度方向定向极化，以产生更高的电场并具有更好的电荷保存性，因而有更好的吸附效果。
3.根据权利要求1所述的新冠病毒防护头套，其特征在于，所述的丙纶纺粘无纺布上均布有透气小孔，每平方米无纺布上分布透气小孔为8-12万个。
CN202010233433.7A 2020-03-29 2020-03-29 一种新冠病毒防护头套 Pending CN111358074A (zh)

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