CN111358106A - 一种防护新冠病毒的防护帽 - Google Patents

一种防护新冠病毒的防护帽 Download PDF

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CN111358106A
CN111358106A CN202010233425.2A CN202010233425A CN111358106A CN 111358106 A CN111358106 A CN 111358106A CN 202010233425 A CN202010233425 A CN 202010233425A CN 111358106 A CN111358106 A CN 111358106A
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陈建民
孙剑峰
陈晖�
李丹
隋国栋
王琳
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Abstract

本发明属于病毒防护技术领域，具体为一种防护新冠病毒的防护帽。本发明的防护帽包括：帽体，设置于帽体耳朵位置的传音孔，以及帽体下沿的松紧，其中，帽体为复合高效防护新冠病毒材料，由两层材料构成，外层为丙纶纺粘无纺布，内层为超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布；该帽体材料表面带有常驻静电场，当新冠病毒通过微滤滤材的空隙时，将被微滤滤材产生的静电场和弱电流所捕获，并且具有良好的透气性。

Description

一种防护新冠病毒的防护帽
技术领域
本发明属于病毒防护技术领域，具体涉及一种高效防护新冠病毒的防护帽。
背景技术
冠状病毒是自然界广泛存在的一大类病毒，其病毒颗粒的直径为60-120nm,平均直径为100nm，呈球形或椭球形。2019新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV，引发COVID-19）是目前已知的第7种可以感染人的冠状病毒。患者在感染了冠状病毒后常见体征有呼吸道症状、发热、咳嗽、气促和呼吸困难等。在较严重病例中，感染可导致肺炎、严重急性呼吸综合征、多器官衰竭，甚至死亡。针对新冠病毒极强的传染性，卫生防疫专家强调目前可以确定的新冠肺炎传播途径主要为直接传播、气溶胶传播和接触传播。作为密切接触新冠病毒患者及疑似病例的医务人员，因其工作性质和环境，在医护人员诊疗、护理操作过程中近距离接触经飞沫传播的传染病患者时;为呼吸道传染病患者进行气管切开、气管插管等近距离操作，可能发生患者血液、体液、分泌物及大量活体病毒喷溅等情况时，无菌帽都发挥了重要的防护作用，一方面防止头发脱落，影响正常工作；另一方面防止细菌、病毒带入头发和头皮表面，减少接触感染和二次感染的潜在风险。
然而目前市场上缺少特别针对新冠病毒进行防护的防护帽。市场上现有的防护帽绝大多数是使用单层、双层非织造材料制成，易损的同时透气性差，仅可防止头发脱落和简单阻隔粒径较大的细菌，对病毒颗粒几乎起不到任何作用。
为有效推进防护新冠病毒防护帽的发展创新，增强居民对新冠病毒的防护效果，降低潜在感染风险，更为保护广大战斗在抗“疫”一线的医护人员身体健康，所以亟需一种高效防护新冠病毒的防护帽。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种透气、传声且制造成本低的高效防护新冠病毒的防护帽。
本发明提供的高效防护新冠病毒的防护帽，包括：帽体，设置于帽体耳朵位置的传音孔，帽体下沿的松紧，全自动生产后产品经环氧乙烷灭菌，安全有效，对皮肤无刺激反应。
其中，帽体由两层材料构成，外层为20-30g/m2的丙纶纺粘无纺布，内层为30--50g/m2的超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布。
本发明中，所述的超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布，由以下步骤制备得到：
（1）选取可分裂为原丝直径三十分之一到八十分之一的微细纤维，按照针刺毡的生产工艺和熔喷工艺进行微技术处理，具体流程为：将2-5旦尼尔的纤维经梳理，喂入，开松，混合，精开松，喂棉，均棉，粗梳，精梳，叠网，6至9道针刺工序，热定型，烧毛，压光，表面涂层或树脂化整理，检验，分切，成品微滤滤芯的工艺，最终得到纤维直径为一般滤料纤维直径三十分之一到八十分之一的微细纤维过滤材料；制得的超细纤维的纤度在0.01-0.1旦尼尔；
（2）再选择自极化效应强的电气石超细微粒作为驻极熔喷聚丙烯超细纤维非制造布的改性添加剂，通过表面修饰均匀分散到熔喷丙烯切片中，制得可纺性良好的驻极体聚丙烯母粒。电气石含量为总质量的3-8%；
（3）采用熔喷工艺（聚合物喂入---熔融挤出---纤维形成---纤维冷却---成网---加固成布），在250±1℃的条件下，以熔融流动指数为（1000-1400）/10min（优选1200g/10min），纺制得到复合驻极体聚丙烯熔喷超细纤维非织造布；
（4）采用电晕放电对其驻极，得到含电气石聚丙烯熔喷超细纤维非织造布。具体包括：在低压空气下，对针形电极施加2000-4000伏高压电，使针尖附近形成很强的电场，产生驻极效果。为避免产生电弧放电，生产过程中采用高电流低电压的方式。同时，该含电气石驻极聚丙烯熔喷超细纤维非织造布采用沿厚度方向定向极化，可产生更高的电场并具有更好的电荷保存性，因而吸附效果也优于传统的驻极非织造布。
上述超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布，相比其它材料，其纤网表面电荷密度明显增加，驻极电荷贮存能力也有增强，过滤效率提高40%左右。其中电气石含量6%时，驻极综合效果最佳，其表面电荷密度可达-10μc/m2，对直径小于0.26μm粒，在过滤阻力为7Pa左右时，过滤效率达95.8%。
上述制得的超细纤维的纤度在0.01-0.1旦尼尔。超细纤维的直径非常小，只有头发丝的四十分之一左右，因此超细纤维被赋予了许多优越的性能：透气性好，对病毒小颗粒（直径60-120nm）吸附效果显著，具有极强的洁净效果等。
本发明中，所述的丙纶纺粘无纺布上均布有透气小孔，单位面积每平方米无纺布上分布透气小孔为8-12万个。
该种高效防护新冠病毒的防护帽，其松紧用于使用者头部调节大小；其传音孔方便使用者在使用过程中听见外界声音；其高效复合防护新冠病毒材料核心材料采用微滤技术处理的超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布，表面带有常驻静电场，当新冠病毒通过微滤滤材的空隙时，将被微滤滤材产生的静电场和弱电流所捕获且具有良好的透气性。在使用100nmPSL小球模拟新冠病毒对其过滤效率检测过程中，该材料对于100nmPSL小球的平均过滤效率不小于99%，最高可达到99.2%（附图2）。如附图2所示，未经过滤前100nmPSL小球的数浓度：4588 #/cm3；经过滤后100nmPSL小球的数浓度：38 #/cm3；平均滤过效率：99.2%。可达到NIOSH（美国国家职业安全卫生所）N99标准且可达到100nm评价透过率不超过每分钟100个数/立方厘米的标准。
本发明的有益效果在于：
（1）采用复合高效防护新冠病毒材料，可保证高效过滤新冠病毒的同时具有良好的透气性；
（2）采用传音孔方便使用者在使用过程中听见外界声音，便于交流；
（3）本高效防护新冠病毒的防护帽制造成本不高，价格便宜，制作工艺简单。
附图说明
图1是高效防护新冠病毒的防护帽的结构示意图。
图2实施例中使用的超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布对于100nmPSL小球模拟新冠病毒过滤效率。
图中标号：1为复合高效防护新冠病毒材料的帽体，2为传音孔，3为松紧。
具体实施方式
如附图1所示，帽体1采用复合高效防护新冠病毒材料，帽体耳朵位置处设置传音孔2，帽体下沿为松紧3。帽体1高度约为12cm，松紧3的直径约为25cm。帽体1材料的外层为25g/m2的丙纶纺粘无纺布，内层为50g/m2的超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布。其松紧用于使用者头部调节大小；其传音孔方便使用者在使用过程中听见外界声音。
其中，高效复合防护新冠病毒材料核心材料采用微滤技术处理的超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布，表面带有常驻静电场，当新冠病毒通过微滤滤材的空隙时，将被微滤滤材产生的静电场和弱电流所捕获且具有良好的透气性。在使用100nmPSL小球模拟新冠病毒对其过滤效率检测过程中，该材料对于100nmPSL小球的平均过滤效率不小于99%，最高可达到99.2%（附图2）。如附图2所示，未经过滤前100nmPSL小球的数浓度：4588 #/cm3；经过滤后100nmPSL小球的数浓度：38 #/cm3；平均滤过效率：99.2%。可达到NIOSH（美国国家职业安全卫生所）N99标准且可达到100nm评价透过率不超过每分钟100个数/立方厘米的标准。

Claims (3)

1.一种防护新冠病毒的防护帽，其特征在于，包括：帽体，设置于帽体耳朵位置的传音孔，以及帽体下沿的松紧，其中，帽体由两层材料构成，外层为20-30g/m2的丙纶纺粘无纺布，内层为30--50g/m2的超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防护新冠病毒防护帽，其特征在于，所述的超细旦驻极体熔喷纤维非织造布，由以下步骤制备得到：
（1）选取可分裂为原丝直径三十分之一到八十分之一的微细纤维，按照针刺毡的生产工艺和熔喷工艺进行微技术处理，得到纤维直径为一般滤料纤维直径三十分之一到八十分之一的微细纤维过滤材料；制得的超细纤维的纤度在0.01-0.1旦尼尔；
（2）再选择自极化效应强的电气石超细微粒作为驻极熔喷聚丙烯超细纤维非制造布的改性添加剂，通过表面修饰均匀分散到熔喷丙烯切片中，制得可纺性良好的驻极体聚丙烯母粒；电气石含量为总质量的3-8% ；
（3）采用熔喷工艺，在250±1℃的条件下，以熔融流动指数为（1000-1400）/10min，纺制得到复合驻极体聚丙烯熔喷超细纤维非织造布；
（4）采用电晕放电对其驻极，得到含电气石聚丙烯熔喷超细纤维非织造布；包括在低压空气下，对针形电极施加2000-4000伏高压电，使针尖附近形成很强的电场，产生驻极效果；同时，该含电气石驻极聚丙烯熔喷超细纤维非织造布采用沿厚度方向定向极化，以产生更高的电场并具有更好的电荷保存性，因而有更好的吸附效果。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防护新冠病毒防护帽，其特征在于，所述的丙纶纺粘无纺布上均布有透气小孔，每平方米无纺布上分布透气小孔为8-12万个。
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