CN111357576A - Ecological cycle agricultural system - Google Patents
Ecological cycle agricultural system Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological cycle agricultural system, which comprises an organic planting system, wherein the organic planting system comprises a greenhouse planting unit and a grain crop planting unit; the food and feed processing and production system comprises an organic food processing unit and an organic feed production unit, wherein the organic feed production unit is used for providing raw materials by a grain crop planting unit in the organic planting system; the ecological breeding system comprises a livestock breeding unit and a feces collecting unit, wherein the livestock breeding unit is provided with raw materials by an organic feed production unit; the organic waste treatment system comprises a raw material pretreatment unit, an anaerobic fermentation unit, a biogas residue and biogas slurry separation unit, a biogas purification unit, a solid organic fertilizer production unit, a liquid organic fertilizer production unit, a biogas cogeneration unit, biogas purification and CO purification2And a collecting unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of circular agricultural production, and particularly relates to an ecological circular agricultural system.
Background
Agriculture is a production department which uses living functions of animals and plants to transform natural substances and products which can be needed by human beings. During the planting process of crops such as grain crops, economic crops, fruits and vegetables, wastes such as crop straws, rotten fruits and vegetables can be generated; in the agricultural cultivation process, livestock and poultry manure is generated. In the traditional agricultural production process, the harvesting of products is usually paid more attention, and the treatment of wastes is neglected; because the traditional agriculture adopts a extensive agricultural production mode, crop straws, rotten fruits, tail vegetables, livestock and poultry breeding excrement and the like cannot be fully treated and reasonably utilized, and a series of problems of agricultural non-point source pollution, resource waste and the like are caused by improper treatment and utilization.
Compared with the traditional agriculture, the ecological cycle agriculture organically combines planting, cultivation, agricultural product and economic crop product processing and waste utilization, and is a novel agricultural production mode following the circular economy concept. By organically combining agricultural planting, livestock and poultry breeding, waste treatment and utilization, agricultural product processing and the like, fine operation of agriculture can be realized, environmental pollution and resource waste caused by agricultural production are reduced, and the overall efficiency of agricultural production is improved.
With the strictness of environmental protection policies, the enhancement of environmental protection awareness of people and the increase of requirements on organic foods, currently, the ecological cycle agriculture mode and system are gradually accepted by people and gradually popularized and applied. However, the current ecological cycle agriculture mode still has the following problems: (1) the circulation relationship among planting, breeding and fertilizer units is emphasized, most systems lack upstream and downstream industrial extensions such as front-end breeding feed production, rear-end food processing and the like, and industrial chains are short; (2) although energy extraction and utilization are considered in most ecological cycle agricultural systems, for example, livestock and poultry manure treatment is carried out by adopting a biogas project, the raw material coprocessing capacity is generally low, meanwhile, biogas generated by the biogas project is generally used for power generation or heat supply, and the utilization way and the mode are relatively single; (3) the traditional ecological cycle agricultural mode cannot reasonably introduce a new energy production mode by combining the characteristics of a system, and the energy production and utilization mode is relatively single. Therefore, there is a need for a new ecological recycling agricultural system and a production method thereof, which can solve the above disadvantages of the existing ecological recycling agricultural system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological cycle agricultural system, which solves the problems that the existing ecological cycle agricultural system has single industrial chain, single energy extraction and utilization way and mode and cannot be combined with new energy for production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the ecological cycle agricultural system comprises:
the organic planting system comprises a greenhouse planting unit and a grain crop planting unit;
the food and feed processing and production system comprises an organic food processing unit and an organic feed production unit, wherein the food processing unit is provided with raw materials by an organic planting system and an ecological breeding system, and the organic feed production unit is provided with raw materials by a grain crop planting unit;
the ecological breeding system comprises a livestock breeding unit and a feces collecting unit, wherein the livestock breeding unit is provided with raw materials by an organic feed production unit and provides raw materials for an organic food processing unit;
the organic waste treatment system comprises a raw material pretreatment unit, an anaerobic fermentation unit, a biogas residue and biogas slurry separation unit, a biogas purification unit, a solid organic fertilizer production unit, a liquid organic fertilizer production unit, a biogas cogeneration unit, biogas purification and CO purification2A collection unit; the wastes generated by the organic planting system, the food and feed processing and production system and the ecological breeding system are sequentially treated and utilized by the raw material pretreatment unit, the anaerobic fermentation unit, the biogas residue and biogas slurry separation unit and the biogas purification unit.
The technical proposal of the invention also has the following characteristics,
and a photovoltaic power generation unit is arranged at the top of the planting system and/or the food and feed processing and production system and/or the ecological culture system.
The greenhouse planting unit is used for planting cash crops.
The cash crop is melons and fruits or vegetables or medicinal materials.
The grain crop planting unit is used for planting grain crops.
The grain crops are wheat or grains or beans.
The food processing unit comprises an organic meat product processing unit and an organic fruit and vegetable grain processing unit.
The livestock and poultry breeding unit is used for breeding pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks and geese.
The anaerobic fermentation unit adopts a medium-temperature wet anaerobic fermentation technology, the fermentation temperature is 36-39 ℃, and the feeding concentration TS of the fermentation system is 8-15%.
The electric energy generated by the organic waste treatment system is used for self-use and/or input into a power grid for use.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the ecological cycle agricultural system realizes agricultural ecological cycle, comprehensive utilization of wastes and comprehensive utilization of energy through organic planting, ecological breeding, agricultural product production and processing, organic waste treatment and comprehensive utilization of energy, and has the advantages that: (1) material circulation: fruits, vegetables, medicinal materials, grains and livestock and poultry generated by the ecological cycle agricultural system enter an organic food processing unit and an organic feed production unit, the processed products can be directly delivered for sale or used for the ecological cycle agricultural system, organic wastes, tailstocks, rotten fruits, crop straws, livestock and poultry feces and the like generated in the production process enter an organic waste treatment system, and material circulation is carried out through raw material pretreatment, anaerobic fermentation, organic fertilizer production, organic planting and the like, so that harmless treatment and resource utilization of wastes in the system are realized, and organic feeds and fertilizer products produced by the system are used for production and use in the system; (2) multi-energy co-production and comprehensive utilization: energy sources such as gas (methane, biogas), electricity, heat and the like are poly-generation by means of energy comprehensive utilization projects such as biological anaerobic fermentation gas production, photovoltaic power generation and the like, and energy sources are comprehensively utilized by means of multi-energy complementation and energy centralized control; (3) self-supplying energy: the multi-energy co-production can meet the requirement of self-supply of electricity, heat, gas and other energy sources required by production in the ecological cycle system, and surplus energy sources can be output outwards; (4) near zero emission of pollutants: the ecological cycle agricultural system can realize harmless treatment and resource utilization of agricultural wastes and realize near zero emission of pollutants in the system; (5) production of organic food: the fertilizer used for the production of the ecological cycle agricultural system is solid organic fertilizer, liquid organic fertilizer and CO2The gas fertilizer is used for producing and processing organic food and feed, the livestock and poultry breeding feed is all organic feed, and the organic fruits, organic vegetables, organic medicinal materials and organic meat products are externally output; (6) co-production of solid, liquid and gas fertilizer: the biogas residue is used for producing solid organic fertilizer, the biogas slurry is used for producing liquid organic fertilizer, and CO is collected in the biogas purification process2Can be used as gas fertilizer and solid-liquid gas fertilizer for co-production, and can be used for organic planting and production of organic fruits and vegetables, medicinal materials, grains and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an eco-cycle agricultural system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following description and specific examples.
As shown in figure 1, the ecological cycle agricultural system comprises an organic planting system, a food and feed processing and production system, an ecological breeding system and an organic waste treatment system.
The organic planting system comprises a greenhouse planting unit and a grain crop planting unit; the greenhouse planting unit is used for planting cash crops, and the cash crops can be one or more of melons, fruits, vegetables and medicinal materials; the grain crop planting unit is used for planting grain crops, and the grain crops can be one or more of wheat, grains and beans.
The food and feed processing and producing system comprises an organic food processing unit and an organic feed producing unit, wherein the organic feed producing unit is used for providing raw materials by a grain crop planting unit in an organic planting system, and the organic food processing unit is used for providing raw materials by the organic planting system and an ecological breeding system.
The ecological breeding system comprises a livestock breeding unit and a feces collecting unit, wherein the livestock breeding unit is provided with raw materials by an organic feed production and processing unit; the livestock and poultry breeding unit is used for breeding pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese and the like, and the feed used for breeding is from the organic feed production unit; the excrement and sewage collecting unit is mainly used for collecting excrement and sewage generated in the livestock and poultry breeding process.
The organic waste treatment system comprises a raw material pretreatment unit, an anaerobic fermentation unit, a biogas residue and biogas slurry separation unit, a biogas purification unit, a solid organic fertilizer production unit, a liquid organic fertilizer production unit, a biogas cogeneration unit, biogas purification and CO purification2A collection unit; the raw material pretreatment unit is used for treating greenhouse vegetable tails, rotten fruits, crop straws and processed organic residues generated by a food and feed processing production system and livestock and poultry breeding feces generated by an ecological breeding system, which are generated by an organic planting system; anaerobic typeThe anaerobic fermentation unit realizes anaerobic digestion and degradation of raw materials, the anaerobic fermentation unit adopts a medium-temperature wet anaerobic fermentation technology, the fermentation temperature is 36-39 ℃, the feeding concentration TS of a fermentation system is 8-15%, biogas residue and biogas slurry generated by anaerobic fermentation enters the biogas residue and biogas slurry separation unit, biogas residue solid organic fertilizer and biogas slurry liquid organic fertilizer are respectively produced by the solid organic fertilizer production unit and the liquid organic fertilizer production unit, crude biogas generated by anaerobic fermentation enters the biogas purification unit, the purified crude biogas partially enters the biogas cogeneration unit for cogeneration, and the partially enters biogas purification and CO cogeneration unit for biogas purification and CO2A collection unit for purifying natural gas and collecting CO2. The fertilizer adopted by the greenhouse planting unit is solid organic fertilizer produced by the solid organic fertilizer production unit and the liquid organic fertilizer production unit, and CO produced by the liquid organic fertilizer and the methane purification unit2And (4) fertilizing with gas. The fertilizer adopted by the grain crop planting unit is a solid organic fertilizer and a liquid organic fertilizer produced by the solid organic fertilizer production unit and the liquid organic fertilizer production unit.
As shown in fig. 1, the top of the building of the organic planting system and/or the food and feed processing and production system and/or the ecological breeding system is provided with a photovoltaic power generation unit.
Energy sources such as gas (methane, biogas), electricity, heat and the like are poly-generation by means of energy comprehensive utilization projects such as biological anaerobic fermentation gas production, photovoltaic power generation and the like, and energy comprehensive utilization is realized by means of multi-energy complementation and energy centralized control; the multi-energy co-production can meet the requirement of self-supply of electricity, heat, gas and other energy sources required by production in the ecological cycle system, and surplus energy sources can be output outwards.
The food processing unit contains organic meat products processing unit and organic fruit vegetables grain processing unit, and the raw materials of organic meat products processing unit is bred the unit by beasts and birds and provides, and organic fruit vegetables grain processing unit is planted the unit by the big-arch shelter and provides.
Example 1
The ecological cycle agricultural system in the embodiment is composed of a system organic planting system, a food and feed processing and production system, an ecological breeding system and an organic waste treatment system, and the ecological cycle agricultural production is realized by utilizing the system. The embodiment is located in a certain area in the north of China. The details of the eco-cycle agricultural system are briefly described below:
in the organic planting system, the greenhouse planting unit adopts a dutch type glass greenhouse and a film type multi-span greenhouse, and is mainly used for planting leaf vegetable crops such as Chinese cabbages, Shanghai green vegetables and leaf lettuce and melon and fruit crops such as melons, eggplants, carrots and the like. Wherein the planting area of the Chinese cabbage, the Shanghai green and the leaf lettuce is 25 mu each, the planting density of the Chinese cabbage is 4500 plants/mu, and the Chinese cabbage is planted 5 times per year; the planting density of the Chinese cabbage is 15000 plants/mu, and 6 times per year, and the planting density of the leaf lettuce is 20000 plants/mu, and 4 times per year; the planting areas of the Chinese cabbage, the Shanghai green and the leaf lettuce are respectively 25 mu; the leaf vegetables are harvested by 950 tons each year, and the greenhouse tail vegetables are produced by 190 tons each year. The planting areas of the melons, the eggplants and the carrots are respectively 25 mu, the planting density of the melons is 2000 plants/mu, the melons are planted for 2 times each year, the planting density of the eggplants is 2500 plants/mu, the planting density of the eggplants is 5 times each year, the planting density of the carrots is 25000 plants/mu, and the planting is 3 times each year; the annual output of melons and fruits is 700 tons, and the annual output of rotten fruits is 70 tons. Corn, soybean and wheat are planted in the grain crop planting unit, the planting area and the planting density of the corn, the soybean and the wheat are 24750 mu, 17255 mu, 41800 mu, 4500 plants/mu, 20000 plants/mu and 250000 plants/mu respectively, the yield of the corn, the soybean and the wheat is 1.98 ten thousand tons/year, 0.78 ten thousand tons/year and 2.10 ten thousand tons/year respectively, and the yield of straw is 3.43 ten thousand tons/year, 1.22 ten thousand tons/year and 2.80 ten thousand tons/year respectively. Organic vegetables, melons and fruits and grains produced by the organic planting system enter the food and feed processing and production system to be processed, and greenhouse tail vegetables, rotten fruits and crop straws produced during production enter the organic waste treatment system.
Organic vegetables, melons and fruits and grains (wheat and soybean) enter an organic fruit, vegetable and grain processing and production unit in a food and feed processing and production system, 684 tons of annual processed finished organic vegetables, 567 tons of melons and fruits, 1165 tons of soybean oil and 14630 tons of flour are obtained, and the organic fruit, vegetable, grain oil and the like are sold as products of the ecological cycle agricultural system; in the production process of the organic fruit and vegetable grain processing production unit, 150 tons of organic fruit and vegetable residues, 6600 tons of soybean cakes and 6270 tons of wheat bran are produced annually; 10 ten thousand live pigs are slaughtered by the ecological breeding system year by year, enter the organic meat product processing unit, and can produce 8800 tons of organic pork every year after processing, and 6200 tons of organic waste liquid is produced in the processing and production process; corn, soybean cake and wheat bran enter an organic feed production unit, about 33000 tons of organic pig feed is produced annually, and the organic pig feed enters an ecological breeding system.
5 thousands of pigs (the number of stocked pigs) are raised by the ecological breeding system, 33000 tons of organic pig feed is consumed each year, 10 thousands of live pigs are discharged each year, and the live pigs are fed into the organic meat product processing unit; 500 tons of excrement generated by pig raising every day is collected by an excrement collecting unit and then is sent into an organic waste treatment system.
The organic waste treatment system is used for treating organic waste generated by the organic planting system, the food and feed processing and production system and the ecological breeding system. Wherein the annual organic waste treatment amount is 7.47 ten thousand tons, the annual food and feed processing and production system processing amount is 0.64 ten thousand tons, and the annual ecological breeding system livestock and poultry breeding manure treatment amount is 18.25 ten thousand tons. The organic waste is treated by a raw material pretreatment unit, process water is added to adjust the material concentration until TS is 12.7 percent, then the organic waste enters an anaerobic fermentation unit, the fermentation temperature is 38.5 ℃, the reaction retention time is 40 days, and the anaerobic fermentation system can produce 4 ten thousand Nm of crude methane per day3CH in crude biogas455% of CO2The content is 43 percent. After the crude biogas is treated by the biogas purification unit, 2 ten thousand Nm3The biogas is used for cogeneration, and the installed scale of the generator set is 2 MW; the remaining 2 ten thousand Nm3Use of biogas for purification and CO2Collecting, purifying the biological natural gas about 1.08 ten thousand Nm/day3Daily collection of CO2About 0.82 ten thousand Nm3，CO2Can be used as gas fertilizer to be fed into a greenhouse planting system. Biogas residue and biogas slurry generated after treatment by the anaerobic fermentation unit enter the biogas residue and biogas slurry separation unit, the separated biogas residue and biogas slurry respectively enter the solid organic fertilizer production unit and the liquid organic fertilizer production unit, 2.21 ten thousand tons of solid organic fertilizer can be produced annually, 24.58 ten thousand tons of biogas slurry organic fertilizer can be produced annually, and the solid and liquid organic fertilizer is used for an organic planting system.
The ecological cycle agricultural system in the embodiment has the function of comprehensive energy production and utilization, and can realize the multi-energy co-production of gas, electricity and heat. Wherein organic planting systemThe agricultural light complementary photovoltaic power generation unit is installed with 1.5MW and generates 180 ten thousand degrees per year; the food feed processing and production system is loaded with 0.26MW by a roof photovoltaic power generation unit, and generates electricity by 31.2 ten thousand degrees every year; the ecological breeding system is loaded with 8MW photovoltaic power generation units through grazing light complementation, and generates 960 ten thousand degrees per year; the organic waste treatment system is charged with 2MW by a biogas cogeneration unit and generates 1752 ten thousand DEG electricity per year. The system is always installed with 11.76MW and generates 2923.2 ten thousand degrees in a year. The biogas cogeneration unit of the organic waste treatment system can supply 6.31 ten thousand GJ of heat every year; meanwhile, 393 ten thousand Nm of biogas can be purified annually3。
The ecological cycle agricultural system in the embodiment can generate 2923.2 ten thousand degrees of electric energy annually, 6.3 ten thousand GJ of heat supply annually and 393 ten thousand Nm of natural gas annually3. The electric energy and the heat energy are all used for meeting the energy demand of the system for production; 393 ten thousand Nm of annual biogas3And the compressed gas is conveyed to an adjacent gas station for sale by a prying loading vehicle.
Example 2
The ecological cycle agricultural system in the embodiment is composed of a system organic planting system, a food and feed processing and production system, an ecological breeding system and an organic waste treatment system, and the ecological cycle agricultural production is realized by utilizing the system. The embodiment is located in a certain region in the west of China. The details of the eco-cycle agricultural system are briefly described below:
in the organic planting system, the greenhouse planting unit adopts a Holland type glass greenhouse and mainly plants leaf vegetable crops such as green garlic, leaf lettuce, Chinese chives, celery and the like. The planting areas of the green garlic, the leaf lettuce, the Chinese chives and the celery are respectively 75 mu, the planting density of the green garlic is 33000 plants/mu, the green garlic is planted 4 times per year, the planting density of the leaf lettuce is 18000 plants/mu, the green garlic is planted 4 times per year, the planting density of the Chinese chives is 350000 plants/mu, 4 crops are harvested each year, the planting density of the celery is 30000 plants/mu, the leaf lettuce is planted 2 times per year, and 2775 tons of leaf vegetables are harvested each year. Corn, soybean and wheat are planted in the grain crop planting unit, the planting area and the planting density of the corn, the soybean and the wheat are 12375 mu, 8630 mu, 20900 mu and 4600 plants/mu, 21000 plants/mu and 240000 plants/mu respectively, the yield of the corn, the soybean and the wheat is 0.99 ten thousand tons/year, 0.39 ten thousand tons/year and 1.05 ten thousand tons/year respectively, and the yield of the straw is 1.71 ten thousand tons/year, 0.61 ten thousand tons/year and 1.40 ten thousand tons/year respectively. Organic vegetables and grains produced by the organic planting system enter a food and feed processing and production system for processing, and greenhouse tail vegetables and crop straws produced by production enter an organic waste treatment system.
Organic vegetables and grains (wheat and soybean) enter an organic fruit and vegetable grain processing production unit in a food and feed processing production system, the annual processed finished products of 2000 tons of organic vegetables, 580 tons of soybean oil and 7300 tons of flour are sold as products of the ecological cycle agricultural system; in the production process of the organic vegetable grain processing production unit, 220 tons of organic residues of annual vegetables, 3300 tons of soybean cakes and 3140 tons of wheat bran are produced; 5 ten thousand live pigs are released in the ecological breeding system every year, enter the organic meat product processing unit, can produce 4400 tons of organic pork every year after processing, and produce 3100 tons of organic waste liquid in the processing and production process; corn, soybean cake and wheat bran enter an organic feed production unit, about 16500 tons of organic pig feed is produced annually, and the organic pig feed enters an ecological breeding system.
2.5 ten thousand pigs (stocked volume) are raised by the ecological breeding system, 16500 tons of organic pig feed is consumed each year, 5 thousand pigs (110 kg/head) are slaughtered each year, and the pigs are fed into an organic meat product processing unit; 250 tons of excrement generated by pig raising every day is collected by an excrement collecting unit and then is sent to an organic waste treatment system.
The organic waste treatment system is used for treating organic waste generated by the organic planting system, the food and feed processing and production system and the ecological breeding system. Wherein the annual organic waste treatment amount of the organic planting system is 3.78 ten thousand tons, the annual food and feed processing and production system is 0.33 ten thousand tons, and the annual ecological breeding system is 9.13 ten thousand tons. The organic waste is treated by a raw material pretreatment unit, process water is added to adjust the material concentration until TS is 10.4 percent, then the organic waste enters an anaerobic fermentation unit, the fermentation temperature is 38.0 ℃, the reaction retention time is 38 days, and the anaerobic fermentation system can produce 2 ten thousand Nm of crude methane per day3CH in crude biogas4Content of 54% CO2The content is 44 percent. After the crude biogas is treated by the biogas purification unit, about 1.2 ten thousand Nm3Biogas for thermoelectricCo-production, wherein the installed scale of the generator set is 1.2 MW; the remaining about 0.8 ten thousand Nm3Use of biogas for purification and CO2About 0.43 ten thousand Nm of purified biogas per day is collected3Daily collection of CO2About 0.33 ten thousand Nm3，CO2Can be used as gas fertilizer to be fed into a greenhouse planting system. Biogas residue and biogas slurry generated after treatment by the anaerobic fermentation unit enter the biogas residue and biogas slurry separation unit, the separated biogas residue and biogas slurry respectively enter the solid organic fertilizer production unit and the liquid organic fertilizer production unit, 1.23 ten thousand tons of solid organic fertilizer and 15.78 ten thousand tons of biogas slurry organic fertilizer can be produced annually, and the solid and liquid organic fertilizer is used for the organic planting system.
The ecological cycle agricultural system in the embodiment has the function of comprehensive energy production and utilization, and can realize the multi-energy co-production of gas, electricity and heat. The organic planting system is loaded with 3MW of photovoltaic power generation units through 'agricultural light complementation', and generates power by 360 ten thousand degrees per year; the food feed processing and production system is loaded with 0.13MW by a roof photovoltaic power generation unit, and generates 15.6 ten thousand degrees of power annually; the ecological breeding system is loaded with 4MW photovoltaic power generation units through grazing light complementation, and generates 480 ten thousand degrees per year; the organic waste treatment system is installed with 1.2MW by a biogas cogeneration unit and generates 1050 ten thousand degrees of electricity per year. The system is installed with 8.33MW in total and generates 1905.6 ten thousand degrees in a year. The biogas cogeneration unit of the organic waste treatment system can supply heat for 3.79 ten thousand GJ every year; meanwhile, the biogas can be purified for 157 ten thousand Nm year3。
The ecological cycle agricultural system in the embodiment can generate 1905.6 ten thousand DEG of electric energy annually, supply 3.79 ten thousand GJ of heat annually and generate 157 ten thousand Nm of biogas annually3. The heat energy is completely used for meeting the energy demand of the system for production; the electric energy can be surplus by 245 ten thousand degrees every year except meeting the energy demand of system production, and surplus electric quantity is merged into a power grid and is delivered out; annual biogas production 157 ten thousand Nm3All are compressed by a prying vehicle and then are transported to an adjacent gas station for sale.
Example 3
The ecological cycle agricultural system in the embodiment is composed of a system organic planting system, a food and feed processing and production system, an ecological breeding system and an organic waste treatment system, and the ecological cycle agricultural production is realized by utilizing the system. The embodiment is located in a certain area in the middle of China. The details of the eco-cycle agricultural system are briefly described below:
in the organic planting system, the greenhouse planting unit adopts a thin-film multi-span greenhouse and mainly plants melon and fruit crops such as pumpkin, wax gourd and cucumber and medicinal material crops such as forsythia and dioscorea opposita. Wherein the planting areas of the summer squash, the wax gourd and the cucumber are respectively 60 mu, the planting density of the summer squash is 900 plants/mu, the planting is carried out 2 times per year, the planting density of the wax gourd is 500 plants/mu, the planting is carried out 2 times per year, the planting density of the cucumber is 4000 plants/mu, and the planting is carried out 2 times per year; the planting areas of fructus forsythiae and dioscorea opposita are respectively 60 mu, the planting density of fructus forsythiae is 4000 plants/mu, the planting is 1 time per year, the planting density of dioscorea opposita is 2000 plants/mu, and the planting is 1 time per year; the fruit and the melon can be harvested 3300 ton each year, and the medicinal materials can be harvested 145 ton each year. Corn, soybean and wheat are planted in the grain crop planting unit, the planting area and the planting density of the corn, the soybean and the wheat are 16050 mu, 11190 mu, 27110 mu, 4400 plants/mu, 19000 plants/mu and 260000 plants/mu respectively, the yield of the corn, the soybean and the wheat is 1.28 ten thousand tons/year, 0.50 ten thousand tons/year and 1.36 ten thousand tons/year respectively, and the yield of the straw is 2.22 ten thousand tons/year, 0.79 ten thousand tons/year and 1.82 ten thousand tons/year respectively. Organic melon and fruit, medicinal material, grain that organic planting system produced get into food and feed processing production system and process, and rotten fruit, medicinal material rattan leaf, the crop straw that produce get into organic waste processing system.
Organic melons, medicinal materials and grains (wheat and soybean) enter an organic fruit, vegetable and grain processing and producing unit in a food and feed processing and producing system, wherein 2670 tons of organic melons, 750 tons of soybean oil and 9500 tons of flour are processed into finished products in year, and the organic melons, the medicinal materials, the grain oil and the like are sold as products of the ecological cycle agricultural system; in the production process of the organic vegetable grain processing production unit, 300 tons of organic residues of melons and fruits, 10 tons of organic residues of medicinal materials, 4280 tons of soybean cakes and 4070 tons of wheat bran are simultaneously produced; 4 ten thousand live pigs and 100 ten thousand feather broilers are released by an ecological breeding system every year, the organic meat products enter an organic meat product processing unit, 4720 tons of organic meat products can be produced every year after processing, and 3320 tons of organic waste liquid is produced in the processing and production process; corn, soybean cake and wheat bran enter an organic feed production unit, about 21400 tons of organic pig feed is produced annually, and the organic pig feed enters an ecological breeding system.
2 ten thousand pigs (stored quantity) are raised by the ecological breeding system, 20 ten thousand broiler chickens (stored quantity) are raised, 21400 tons of organic feed are consumed each year, 4 ten thousand live pigs and 100 ten thousand feathers of the broiler chickens are discharged each year, and the pigs are fed into an organic meat product processing unit; 220 tons of excrement generated every day during cultivation is collected by an excrement collecting unit and then sent to an organic waste treatment system.
The organic waste treatment system is used for treating organic waste generated by the organic planting system, the food and feed processing and production system and the ecological breeding system. Wherein 4.86 million tons of organic wastes of the annual organic planting system are treated, 0.36 million tons of organic wastes of the annual food and feed processing and production system are treated, and 8.03 million tons of livestock and poultry breeding feces of the annual ecological breeding system are treated. The organic waste is treated by a raw material pretreatment unit, process water is added to adjust the material concentration until TS is 11.4 percent, then the organic waste enters an anaerobic fermentation unit, the fermentation temperature is 39.0 ℃, the reaction retention time is 42 days, and the anaerobic fermentation system can produce 2.8 ten thousand Nm of crude methane per day3CH in crude biogas456% of CO2The content is 42 percent. After the crude biogas is treated by the biogas purification unit, about 2 ten thousand Nm3The biogas is used for cogeneration, and the installed scale of the generator set is 2 MW; the remaining about 0.8 ten thousand Nm3Use of biogas for purification and CO2About 0.43 ten thousand Nm of purified biogas per day is collected3Daily collection of CO2About 0.33 ten thousand Nm3，CO2Can be used as gas fertilizer to be fed into a greenhouse planting system. Biogas residue and biogas slurry generated after treatment by the anaerobic fermentation unit enter the biogas residue and biogas slurry separation unit, the separated biogas residue and biogas slurry respectively enter the solid organic fertilizer production unit and the liquid organic fertilizer production unit, 1.52 ten thousand tons of solid organic fertilizer and 18.23 ten thousand tons of biogas slurry organic fertilizer can be produced annually, and the solid and liquid organic fertilizer is used for the organic planting system.
The ecological cycle agricultural system in the embodiment has the function of comprehensive energy production and utilization, and can realize the multi-energy co-production of gas, electricity and heat. Wherein the food feed processing production system is installed with 0.21MW by a roof photovoltaic power generation unit and generates 24 ten thousand degrees per year; ecological breeding system utilizes grazing light complementation lightThe photovoltaic power generation unit is installed with 3.4MW and generates power for 408 ten thousand degrees per year; the organic waste treatment system is charged with 2MW by a biogas cogeneration unit and generates 1752 ten thousand DEG electricity per year. The system is installed with 5.61MW in total and generates 2184 kilo-degree electricity annually. The biogas cogeneration unit of the organic waste treatment system can supply 6.31 ten thousand GJ of heat every year; meanwhile, the biogas can be purified for 157 ten thousand Nm year3。
The ecological cycle agricultural system in the embodiment can generate 2184 thousands of electric energy annually, supply 6.31 thousands of GJ annually and generate 157 thousands of Nm annual biogas3. The heat energy is completely used for meeting the energy demand of the system for production; the electric energy can be surplus by 1300 ten thousand degrees in a year except meeting the energy demand of system production, and the surplus electric quantity is merged into a power grid to be delivered; annual biogas production 157 ten thousand Nm3All are compressed by a prying vehicle and then are transported to an adjacent gas station for sale.
Claims (10)
1. An eco-cycle agricultural system, comprising:
the organic planting system comprises a greenhouse planting unit and a grain crop planting unit;
the food and feed processing and production system comprises an organic food processing unit and an organic feed production unit, wherein the food processing unit is provided with raw materials by an organic planting system, and the organic feed production unit is provided with raw materials by a grain crop planting unit;
the ecological breeding system comprises a livestock breeding unit and a feces collecting unit, wherein the livestock breeding unit is provided with raw materials by an organic feed production unit and provides raw materials for an organic food processing unit;
the organic waste treatment system comprises a raw material pretreatment unit, an anaerobic fermentation unit, a biogas residue and biogas slurry separation unit, a biogas purification unit, a solid organic fertilizer production unit, a liquid organic fertilizer production unit, a biogas cogeneration unit, biogas purification and CO purification2A collection unit; the wastes generated by the organic planting system, the food and feed processing and production system and the ecological breeding system sequentially pass through the raw material pretreatment unit,The anaerobic fermentation unit, the biogas residue and biogas slurry separation unit and the biogas purification unit are used for treatment.
2. The eco-cycle agricultural system of claim 1, wherein the top of the building of the planting system and/or food and feed processing production system and/or ecological farming system is provided with a photovoltaic power generation unit.
3. The eco-cycle agricultural system of claim 1, wherein the greenhouse planting unit is for planting cash crops.
4. The eco-cycle agricultural system of claim 3, wherein the cash crop is a melon, fruit or vegetable or a medicinal material.
5. The eco-cycle agricultural system of claim 1, wherein the food crop planting unit is for planting a food crop.
6. The eco-cycle agricultural system of claim 5, wherein the food crop is wheat or grain or legume.
7. The eco-cycle agricultural system of claim 1, wherein the food processing unit comprises an organic meat product processing unit and an organic fruit and vegetable processing unit.
8. The eco-cycle agricultural system of claim 1, wherein the livestock and poultry farming unit is used for farming pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks or geese.
9. The ecological cycle agricultural system of claim 1, wherein the anaerobic fermentation unit adopts a medium temperature wet anaerobic fermentation technology, the fermentation temperature is 36-39 ℃, and the feeding concentration TS of the fermentation system is 8-15%.
10. The eco-cycle agricultural system of claim 1, wherein the organic waste treatment system generates electrical energy for use by itself and/or for input into a power grid.
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