CN111355270B - Island micro-grid group capacity optimization configuration method - Google Patents

Island micro-grid group capacity optimization configuration method Download PDF

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CN111355270B
CN111355270B CN202010247083.XA CN202010247083A CN111355270B CN 111355270 B CN111355270 B CN 111355270B CN 202010247083 A CN202010247083 A CN 202010247083A CN 111355270 B CN111355270 B CN 111355270B
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power
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microgrid
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grid
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CN111355270A (en
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赵波
李得民
倪筹帷
马瑜涵
唐雅洁
林达
葛晓慧
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Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers

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Abstract

The invention discloses a capacity optimization configuration method for an island micro-grid group. According to the method, firstly, renewable energy sources and energy storage devices are reasonably distributed according to regional conditions, resources and loads of different islands, and the pumped storage power station is combined with a storage battery to form an energy storage system of an island micro-grid group together by utilizing the characteristics of low unit capacity cost, long service life, high reliability and the like of the pumped storage power station so as to maintain the power balance of the micro-grid group and inhibit the uncertainty fluctuation of the renewable energy sources, then the operation rule of the island micro-grid group is formulated by taking 100% green energy power supply as a target, and a coordination control strategy of the island micro-grid group is provided; and finally, optimizing the capacity target value by using an NSGA-II algorithm to obtain an optimal configuration scheme of the island micro-grid group for realizing the 100% green energy power supply target. The invention solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by the conventional fossil fuel units supplying power to islands.

Description

Island micro-grid group capacity optimization configuration method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of micro-grids of power systems, and particularly relates to a sea island micro-grid group capacity optimal configuration method based on a 100% green energy power supply control strategy.
Background
The existing power supply mode for island mainly comprises the erection of submarine cables or the power supply by conventional fossil fuel units such as diesel generators and gas turbines. But the engineering and maintenance costs for laying the submarine cable are high; the conventional fuel unit is difficult to power and transport and can bring serious pollution problems to the fragile island ecological environment, if renewable energy sources on the island can be fully utilized to supply power to local loads, the use of the conventional fuel unit can be reduced, but the volatility, randomness and intermittence of the renewable energy sources such as wind, light and the like cause uncertainty of fan and photovoltaic power generation, an energy storage device needs to be configured to inhibit the random fluctuation of the output of the fan and the photovoltaic device, so that the reasonable configuration of the capacities of the renewable energy sources, the energy storage device and the conventional fuel unit in the island micro-grid (MG) is the most critical step for successfully constructing the island micro-grid.
At present, when the configuration problem of the island micro-grid is researched, a conventional fuel unit is mostly used as a system for standby. Some scholars establish an objective function for minimizing the emission of pollution gas, indirectly improve the power supply proportion of renewable energy sources in a micro-grid by reasonably configuring the capacity of a conventional fuel unit, but still include the conventional fuel unit, and cannot really realize the full load requirement completely supplied by the renewable energy sources. The research does not contain a conventional fuel unit to serve as a system standby, namely when 100% of green energy is used for supplying power to the island micro-grid group, the energy storage device is a key factor for ensuring the stable and reliable operation of the system. The storage battery is still used as a main energy storage device during planning of the current micro-grid, but the storage battery has the problems of high construction cost, short service life, difficult operation and maintenance and the like, if the storage battery is configured on a large scale to ensure the power supply reliability of the island micro-grid group, the total cost is increased inevitably, and the small pumped storage power station has low unit capacity cost, long service life cycle and high reliability. Furthermore, the scholars indicate that it is difficult for a single small autonomous power system to guarantee all load demands by generating power from renewable energy sources alone.
According to the invention, firstly, renewable energy sources and energy storage devices are reasonably distributed according to the conditions of regional conditions, resources, loads and the like of different islands, and an island micro-grid group optimization configuration model consisting of micro-grids with different functional types is constructed; and then, aiming at realizing 100% green energy power supply, making a corresponding operation rule and providing a coordination control strategy of the island micro-grid group. And finally, solving a capacity optimization configuration model of the island micro-grid group by adopting an improved Non-inferior ordering Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) to obtain a configuration scheme for supplying power to the island load by 100% of green energy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of the existing island micro-grid in realizing 100% green energy power supply, the invention provides a island micro-grid group capacity optimal configuration method based on a 100% green energy power supply control strategy, so as to effectively solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by the conventional fossil fuel units to the island power supply.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a capacity optimization configuration method for an island micro-grid group comprises the following steps:
step 1), providing a specific power supply and energy storage device configuration scheme of a resource-enriched micro-grid and a high-load proportional micro-grid according to regional conditions, resources and load conditions of different islands; the resource-enriched micro-grid and the high-load proportion micro-grid are interconnected through a submarine cable to form a sea-island micro-grid group;
step 2), establishing a micro-grid group operation rule;
step 3), providing specific models of the power supply and the energy storage device;
step 4), providing a target function and constraint conditions for capacity optimization configuration of the island microgrid group;
step 5), providing a coordination control strategy for 100% green energy power supply of the island microgrid group;
and 6) carrying out model solution on the island microgrid group by adopting an improved Non-inferior sequencing Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II).
The operation rules and the control strategy of the micro-grid group provided by the invention can coordinate the optimized operation among multiple micro-grids, promote the power mutual aid among the micro-grids of different power types, can be applied to island micro-grid groups, can also be popularized to the planning design of the micro-grid group in regions with rich renewable energy on the continents, and provide engineering reference for improving the power supply occupation ratio of the renewable energy for the micro-grid group.
In addition to the above-mentioned optimal configuration method, in step 1),
according to regional conditions, resources and load conditions of different islands, a resource-enriched microgrid is constructed on an island (namely a resource-enriched island) rich in renewable energy, and a plurality of wind generating sets and photovoltaic devices are configured; selecting a storage battery as an energy storage device on a resource enrichment island without building a pumped storage power station, and setting the resource enrichment type microgrid as MG1Let t period MG1The power generation powers of the inner wind generating set and the photovoltaic device are respectively
Figure BDA0002434242760000031
Loaded with
Figure BDA0002434242760000032
Mixing MG1Is set as the source-to-load net power difference
Figure BDA0002434242760000033
Constructing a pumped storage power station as an energy storage device on a resource enrichment island with the pumped storage power station, and setting the resource enrichment type micro-grid as MG2Let t period MG2The power generation powers of the inner wind generating set and the photovoltaic device are respectively
Figure BDA0002434242760000034
Loaded with
Figure BDA0002434242760000035
MG2Is set as the source-to-load net power difference
Figure BDA0002434242760000036
In addition to the above-mentioned optimal configuration method, in step 1),
a high-load-ratio microgrid is constructed on islands with concentrated loads and is set as MG3In view of the secondary problems of noise, heat island effect and the like caused by the development of renewable energy sources such as wind, light and the like and the limited available area of small and medium-sized islands, a wind turbine set is not installed, a photovoltaic device is installed on the roof of a part of buildings only, a certain amount of storage batteries are configured to improve the power supply reliability of important loads in a load accumulation area, and the load in a time period of t is set as
Figure BDA0002434242760000041
The generated power of the photovoltaic device is
Figure BDA0002434242760000042
Then MG3A source-to-load net power difference of
Figure BDA0002434242760000043
Suppose MG3The photovoltaic device is not enough to meet the power demand of the load accumulation area, only plays a role in partially relieving the power consumption voltage of the load accumulation area, and has
Figure BDA0002434242760000044
As a supplement to the above optimal configuration method, the operation rule of the microgrid group in step 2) is as follows:
rule one is as follows: the power generated by the renewable energy sources of each microgrid is preferentially supplied to the loads in the respective system;
rule two: when the resource-enriched micro-grid still has excess power after meeting the self load demand, the excess power is preferentially supplied to the high-load proportion micro-grid to meet the power consumption demand of the load accumulation area so as to improve the direct consumption rate of renewable energy sources, rather than charging the self energy storage device firstly;
rule three: in a discharging state, setting the priority of the energy storage device in the resource-enriched microgrid to be higher than that of the energy storage device in the high-load proportion microgrid, and according to the rule, when the renewable energy cannot meet the load requirement of the microgrid group, firstly, discharging by the energy storage device of the resource-enriched microgrid to compensate the power shortage of the microgrid group, and only using the energy storage device of the high-load proportion microgrid as the final reserve of a load gathering area; in a charging state, setting the priority of an energy storage device in the resource-enriched microgrid to be lower than that of an energy storage device in the high-load proportion microgrid, and preferentially absorbing the excess power by the energy storage device in the high-load proportion microgrid when the generated energy of the renewable energy exceeds the load requirement according to the rule so as to ensure that the energy storage device has sufficient reserve for a load gathering area;
rule four: when the resource-enriched micro-grid and the high-load proportion micro-grid have power shortage at the same time, the energy storage device compensates the power shortage of the high-load proportion micro-grid preferentially, namely, the power demand of a load center is met firstly; meanwhile, in order to ensure the power supply reliability of a load center, an energy storage device of the high-load proportion type micro-grid is set to supply power only to a load gathering area;
rule five: even if the micro-grid group is connected with a continental main grid, in order to achieve the aim of 100% green energy power supply of the micro-grid group, unidirectional characteristics of power transmission of the micro-grid group and the main grid are set, namely only the micro-grid group is allowed to transmit surplus power to the main grid, and electricity purchasing to the main grid is not allowed.
In addition to the above-mentioned optimal configuration method, in step 3),
the photovoltaic power generation model is as follows:
Figure BDA0002434242760000051
Figure BDA0002434242760000052
Atand T
Figure BDA0002434242760000053
Respectively the generated power of the photovoltaic device, the actual irradiance and the actual temperature of the photovoltaic component in the period of t
Figure BDA0002434242760000054
Satisfy the requirement of
Figure BDA0002434242760000055
Figure BDA0002434242760000056
The maximum output power of the photovoltaic device is the t period; r isPVIs the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic device; pratedIs the rated power of the photovoltaic device; a. theratedIs the nominal irradiance of the photovoltaic device; alpha is alphaPIs the power temperature coefficient; t isstIs the temperature of the photovoltaic device under standard test conditions;
for a wind turbine, the actual wind speed model is:
Figure BDA0002434242760000057
v (t) and
Figure BDA0002434242760000058
the wheel hub height of the fan is t periods respectivelyWind speed at the wind speed and wind speed at the crosswind point; h and HrefThe height of a fan hub wheel and the height of a wind measuring point are respectively; alpha is a surface roughness description factor; the generated power of the wind turbine set in the time period t is as follows;
Figure BDA0002434242760000059
wherein
Figure BDA00024342427600000510
For the generated power of the wind turbine for a period t,
Figure BDA00024342427600000511
satisfy the requirement of
Figure BDA00024342427600000512
Figure BDA00024342427600000513
The maximum output power of the wind turbine set; pr、vr、vinAnd voutThe rated power, rated wind speed, cut-in wind speed and cut-out wind speed of the wind turbine set are respectively.
In addition to the above-mentioned optimal configuration method, in step 3), the relationship between the state of charge and the charge/discharge power of the storage battery is
Figure BDA00024342427600000514
Wherein, delta t is a time interval, and the state of charge and the power of the storage battery in the period of t are respectively SoCt、
Figure BDA0002434242760000061
The power is negative during charging and positive during discharging; etac、ηdRespectively charge and discharge efficiency; ebThe rated capacity of the storage battery; the state of charge of the storage battery is kept within a safe range to meet the SoCmin≤SoCt≤SoCmax，SoCmax、SoCminUpper and lower limits of the state of charge, respectively; the charging and discharging power of the storage battery is limited by the maximum charging and discharging power, so as to meet the requirements
Figure BDA0002434242760000062
Rated maximum charging and discharging power of the storage battery respectively, have
Figure BDA0002434242760000063
Epsilon is the ratio of the maximum charging and discharging power of the storage battery to the rated capacity.
For a pumped storage power station, in order to save construction cost, seawater is used as a lower reservoir of the pumped storage power station, a dual-water-channel pumped storage system which is beneficial to adjusting system voltage and keeping stable frequency is used, the pumped storage power station comprises a water pump and a hydroelectric generating set, the water pump of the pumped storage power station pumps the seawater to an (upper) reservoir by using excess power to be in a charging state of the pumped storage power station, and the pumping power of the water pump is
Figure BDA0002434242760000064
Set to a negative value, i.e.
Figure BDA0002434242760000065
Satisfy-
Figure BDA0002434242760000066
Wherein
Figure BDA0002434242760000067
A binary integer variable for determining whether the pumped storage power station is in a charging state at a time interval of t
Figure BDA0002434242760000068
Otherwise
Figure BDA0002434242760000069
Figure BDA00024342427600000610
The upper limit value and the lower limit value are rated for the pumping power of the water pump respectively; when the micro-grid group has power shortage and needs the pumped storage power station to generate power, the reservoir discharges water to drive the water turbine set to generate power, and the generating power of the water turbine set is
Figure BDA00024342427600000611
Set to a positive value, satisfy the constraint
Figure BDA00024342427600000612
Wherein
Figure BDA00024342427600000613
A binary integer variable for judging whether the pumped storage power station is in a power generation state or not at the time of t time period
Figure BDA00024342427600000614
Otherwise
Figure BDA00024342427600000615
Figure BDA00024342427600000616
And
Figure BDA00024342427600000617
satisfy the requirement of
Figure BDA00024342427600000618
Figure BDA00024342427600000619
Figure BDA00024342427600000620
The upper limit value and the lower limit value are rated for the generating power of the hydraulic turbine set respectively; the water quantity change relationship of the reservoir is as follows:
Figure BDA00024342427600000621
wherein, delta t is a time interval, and the water quantity of the reservoir in the t period is Wt，WtSatisfies Wmin≤Wt≤Wmax，Wmax、WminThe maximum and minimum water storage capacity of the reservoir respectively; k is a radical ofP、kTThe water quantity and power ratio in the charging state and the power generation state is respectively.
As a supplement to the above optimal configuration method, the specific content of step 4) is as follows:
defining a self-power rate R of a microgrid groupselThe percentage of the renewable energy output meeting the load requirement in the whole year is represented, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002434242760000071
wherein
Figure BDA0002434242760000072
The load power value is the load power value cut off by the microgrid group in the T period because the microgrid group cannot meet the load demand, delta T is a time interval, and T is the total time period number; when all renewable energy sources and energy storage output of the microgrid group cannot meet load requirements, the load of the part with power shortage is cut off, so that R is causedselLess than 100%, so RselCan represent the proportion of renewable energy power supply meeting the load demand if RselWhen the load reaches 100%, the aim that the load is completely supplied with power by green energy sources can be realized; furthermore, the system satisfies the power constraint:
Figure BDA0002434242760000073
wherein
Figure BDA0002434242760000074
For the power selling power of the micro-grid group to the main grid in the time period t,
Figure BDA0002434242760000075
subscript i in (A) represents MGiThe charge and discharge power of the internal storage battery,
Figure BDA0002434242760000076
and the sum of the charging and discharging power of all storage batteries in the microgrid group in the t period is represented.
As a supplement to the above optimal configuration method, the specific content of step 5) is as follows:
the island micro-grid group formulates a 100% green energy power supply control strategy according to the actual power output and load consumption condition of each micro-grid and the provided operation rule so as to coordinate the optimal scheduling of the micro-grid group; based on
Figure BDA0002434242760000077
According to the source load net power difference of the resource enrichment type microgrid, three scenes that the resource enrichment type microgrid can meet self load requirements and cannot meet the self load requirements and the resource enrichment type microgrid has power shortage appear are divided into four execution strategies aiming at 9 situations under three scenes, wherein the 9 situations are respectively as follows:
Case1：
Figure BDA0002434242760000078
resource-enriched micro-grid MG at the moment1And MG2All can meet the self-load requirement, and MG1And MG2Can compensate for MG3Power deficit of;
Case2：
Figure BDA0002434242760000081
resource-enriched micro-grid MG at the moment1And MG2All can meet the self-load requirement, but MG1And MG2Cannot fully compensate for the MG3Power deficit of;
Case3：
Figure BDA0002434242760000082
at the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid2Power shortage occurs but MG1Can compensate for MG2And MG3Power deficit of;
Case4：
Figure BDA0002434242760000083
but do not
Figure BDA0002434242760000084
At the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid2Power shortage, MG1Can compensate for MG3But compensated for MG3The excess power after the power shortage can not be completely compensatedCompensation MG2Power deficit of;
Case5：
Figure BDA0002434242760000085
and is
Figure BDA0002434242760000086
At the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid2Power shortage, MG1Cannot fully compensate for the MG3Power shortage of so as not to continue compensating MG2Power deficit of;
Case6：
Figure BDA0002434242760000087
at the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid1Power shortage occurs but MG2Can compensate for MG1And MG3Power deficit of;
Case7：
Figure BDA0002434242760000088
but do not
Figure BDA0002434242760000089
At the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid1Power shortage, MG2Can compensate for MG3But compensated for MG3Excess power after power shortage cannot fully compensate MG1Power deficit of;
Case8：
Figure BDA0002434242760000091
and is
Figure BDA0002434242760000092
At the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid1Power shortage, MG2Cannot fully compensate for the MG3Power shortage of so as not to continue compensating MG1Power deficit of;
Case9：
Figure BDA0002434242760000093
resource-enriched micro-grid MG at the moment1And MG2All the power shortage occurs, and the total power shortage of the micro-grid group is
Figure BDA0002434242760000094
Executing a first strategy: for Case1, Case3 and Case6, the renewable energy source has an excess power of
Figure BDA0002434242760000095
Calculating the t-period MG1And MG3Inner accumulator (set as B respectivelyESS1And BESS3) Maximum allowable charging power, and MG2The maximum charging power allowed by a water pump of the internal pumping power station is respectively
Figure BDA0002434242760000096
And
Figure BDA0002434242760000097
is provided with
Figure BDA0002434242760000098
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002434242760000099
are respectively a storage battery BESS1Storage battery BESS3A nominal maximum charging power;
Figure BDA00024342427600000910
the rated upper limit value is the pumping power of the water pump; SoC (system on chip)1 t、SoC3 tStorage battery B for t periods respectivelyESS1Storage battery BESS3The state of charge of; eb1、Eb3Are respectively a storage battery BESS1Storage battery BESS3Rated capacity of (d); according to rule three, when the energy storage device is charged, the excess power of the microgrid group is firstly supplied to the BESS3Charging, so it should be determined that BESS3Whether the excess power can be completely absorbed or not, if so, the whole excess power is supplied to BESS3Charging, BESS1And the pumped storage power station is in a standby state; if not, BESS3Can only be achieved by
Figure BDA00024342427600000911
Absorbing the excess power, the rest of the excess power being BESS1Absorbing with pumped storage power station, and judging BESS1And whether the pumped storage power station can fully absorb the portion of power. If B isESS1And the pumped storage power station can completely absorb the rest of the excess power when BESS1And pumped storage power stations, i.e. having available surplus capacity
Figure BDA00024342427600000912
And
Figure BDA00024342427600000913
all are not zero, BESS1And pumped storage power station according to
Figure BDA00024342427600000914
Figure BDA00024342427600000915
The ratio of the first and second power absorption units is equal to or greater than the ratio of the first and second power absorption units to the ratio of the second and third power absorption units to the ratio of the first and third power absorption units to the ratio of the second and fourth power absorption units to the ratio of the first and fourth power absorption units to the ratio of the second and fourth power absorption units to the ratio of the first and fourth power absorption units to the remainder of the excess power absorption, otherwise, selecting the remaining capacity absorption units from the two absorption units to absorb the remainder of the excess power; if B isESS1And the residual part of the excess power which can not be completely absorbed by the pumped storage power station can only be used for charging at the maximum allowable charging power
Figure BDA0002434242760000101
Absorbing the excessive power, and selling electricity to the main network by the power part which cannot be absorbed by the energy storage device;
and executing a strategy two: aiming at Case2, the power shortage only occurs in the high-load proportional type microgrid, and a t period B is calculatedESS1、BESS3The maximum allowable discharge power and the maximum allowable power generation power of the hydraulic turbine set of the pumped storage power station are respectively
Figure BDA0002434242760000102
And
Figure BDA0002434242760000103
Figure BDA0002434242760000104
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002434242760000105
are respectively a storage battery BESS1Storage battery BESS3Rated maximum discharge power;
Figure BDA0002434242760000106
the upper limit value is the rated power of the water turbine set; according to the third rule, when the energy storage device discharges, the power shortage of the microgrid group is firstly measured by BESS1And discharge compensation of pumped storage power station, so that whether the pumped storage power station and the pumped storage power station can fully compensate MG or not is judged3Power shortage of, if any, when BESS1And pumped storage power stations, i.e. having available surplus capacity
Figure BDA0002434242760000107
And
Figure BDA0002434242760000108
all are not zero, BESS1And pumped storage power station according to
Figure BDA0002434242760000109
Figure BDA00024342427600001010
Proportional common discharge compensation MG3Otherwise, selecting the device with available residual capacity among the two to discharge and compensate MG3Power deficit of; if the deficit cannot be fully compensated for, BESS1And the pumped storage power station can only discharge at the maximum power allowed by the pumped storage power station
Figure BDA00024342427600001011
Discharged and the rest of the power is partially depleted by BESS3Discharge compensation, if the remaining power shortage exceeds BESS3Maximum permitted discharge power, BESS3Can only be achieved by
Figure BDA00024342427600001012
Discharging and cutting off the load of the part with power shortage;
and executing a strategy III: aiming at Case4 and Case7, the power shortage of the microgrid group only exists in the resource-enriched microgrid with the power shortage, the power shortage of the resource-enriched microgrid is the power shortage of the microgrid group, and when B is the power shortage of the microgrid groupESS1When the pumped storage power station can completely compensate the shortage, firstly, the energy storage device in the resource-enriched microgrid with the power shortage discharges to compensate the shortage, and when the shortage cannot be completely compensated, the energy storage device in the other resource-enriched microgrid compensates the rest power shortage part; when B is presentESS1And when the pumped storage power station can not completely compensate the shortage, the pumped storage power station and the pumped storage power station can only compensate the shortage
Figure BDA0002434242760000111
And
Figure BDA0002434242760000112
discharge and BESS3Four are MG according to the rule3The load gathering area supplies power, so that the load of the part which cannot compensate the power shortage in the resource-enriched micro-grid is cut off;
and executing a strategy four: for Case5, Case8 and Case9, the power deficit of the microgrid group is given by the MG3And power shortage in resource-rich microgrid, MG in Case5 or Case83Internal power deficit of
Figure BDA0002434242760000113
Or
Figure BDA0002434242760000114
The resource-enriched micro-grid has the power shortage of
Figure BDA0002434242760000115
Or
Figure BDA0002434242760000116
MG in Case93Has a power shortage of
Figure BDA0002434242760000117
The resource-enriched micro-grid has the power shortage of
Figure BDA0002434242760000118
When B is presentESS1And the pumped storage power station can fully compensate MG3Judging whether the two can continue to output power to completely compensate the power shortage of the resource-enriched micro-grid or not, if so, completely compensating the power shortage, and BESS1And pumped storage power stations, i.e. having available surplus capacity
Figure BDA0002434242760000119
And
Figure BDA00024342427600001110
on the premise that all are not zero, BESS1And pumped storage power station according to
Figure BDA00024342427600001111
Figure BDA00024342427600001112
The proportion of the residual capacity is used for jointly discharging and compensating the whole power shortage, otherwise, a device with available residual capacity is selected from the proportion of the residual capacity and the total power shortage is compensated by discharging; if the two can not completely compensate the power shortage of the resource-enriched micro-grid, BESS1And the pumping power station can only
Figure BDA00024342427600001113
And
Figure BDA00024342427600001114
discharge, first compensating MG3Is then supplementedPartial power shortage of the resource-enriched micro-grid is compensated, and the load of the residual power shortage part can be cut off only, BESS3According to the fourth rule, the system is always in a standby state; when B is presentESS1And the pumped storage power station cannot fully compensate MG3When the power is in shortage, only the corresponding part of the load can be cut off for the power shortage of the resource-enriched micro-grid, and meanwhile, BESS1And pumped storage power plants to
Figure BDA00024342427600001115
And
Figure BDA00024342427600001116
discharge compensated MG3Power shortage of MG3The surplus power is deficient by BESS3Compensation of output if MG3The remaining power shortage still exceeds BESS3Maximum permitted discharge power, BESS3Can only be achieved by
Figure BDA0002434242760000121
Applying force and cutting off MG3There is still a load of the power deficit portion.
As a supplement to the above optimal configuration method, the specific content of step 6) is as follows:
firstly, initializing, and reading data of wind speed, illumination intensity, load and simulation duration;
secondly, generating an initial population I with the scale of 100, setting the individual of the population I as x, wherein the x comprises the fan capacity CWTPhotovoltaic capacity CPVCapacity E of storage batterybAnd reservoir capacity W of pumped storage power stationmaxCapacity of water pump
Figure BDA0002434242760000122
Capacity of water turbine set
Figure BDA0002434242760000123
I.e. x ═ CWT1，CPV1，Eb1，CWT2，CPV2，Wmax，
Figure BDA0002434242760000124
CPV3，Eb3]Wherein, CWT1、CPV1Are respectively MG1Internal fan and photovoltaic capacity; cWT2、CPV2Are respectively MG2Internal fan and photovoltaic capacity; cPV3Is MG3An internal photovoltaic capacity;
thirdly, calculating a capacity optimization target R according to the 100% green energy power supply coordination control strategy provided in the step 5) by using the capacity information of xselAnd performing non-dominant sorting;
selecting a parent population P from the initial population I by adopting a championship selection method to perform genetic operation to obtain a child population C, wherein the crossing rate is 0.9, and the variation rate is 0.1;
fifthly, calculating a related optimization target value of the child population C, and combining the child population C and the parent population P to form an intermediate population M;
sixthly, performing non-dominated sorting on the intermediate population M to form a population I' with the scale of 100;
seventhly, replacing the parent population P in the fourth step with I', and repeating the fourth step to the sixth step until the iteration times reach 50 to obtain a final optimization result; optimizing the individual x in the generated population I by adopting the NSGA-II algorithm to finally obtain RselAnd (3) obtaining a capacity configuration scheme x when the capacity reaches 100%, namely obtaining a capacity optimization configuration scheme of the island micro-grid group, which realizes the power supply target of 100% green energy for all loads.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention is applied to the planning of the island micro-grid, can reasonably arrange renewable energy sources and energy storage devices according to the conditions of regional conditions, resources, loads and the like of different islands, and combines the pumped storage power station with the storage battery to form an energy storage system of the island micro-grid group together by utilizing the characteristics of low unit capacity cost, long service life, high reliability and the like of the pumped storage power station so as to maintain the power balance of the micro-grid group and inhibit the uncertain fluctuation of the renewable energy sources. The capacity target value is obtained based on the proposed coordination control strategy for 100% green energy power supply of the island micro-grid group, the capacity target value is optimized by using the NSGA-II algorithm, and the island micro-grid group configuration scheme for achieving the 100% green energy power supply target is obtained.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a capacity optimization configuration method for an island micro-grid group, which comprises the following steps:
step 1), providing a power supply and energy storage device configuration scheme for a resource-enriched microgrid and a high-load proportion microgrid according to the conditions of regional conditions, resources, loads and the like of different islands; the resource-enriched micro-grid and the high-load proportion micro-grid are interconnected through a submarine cable to form a sea-island micro-grid group;
step 2), establishing a micro-grid group operation rule;
step 3), providing specific models of the power supply and the energy storage device;
step 4), providing a target function and constraint conditions for capacity optimization configuration of the island microgrid group;
step 5), providing a coordination control strategy for 100% green energy power supply of the island microgrid group;
and 6) carrying out model solution on the island microgrid group by adopting an improved Non-inferior sequencing Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II).
The specific content of step 1) is as follows:
according to the conditions of regional conditions, resources, loads and the like of different islands, a resource-enriched microgrid is constructed on an island (namely a resource-enriched island) rich in renewable energy, and a plurality of wind turbine units and photovoltaic devices are configured. Selecting a storage battery as an energy storage device on a resource enrichment island without building a pumped storage power station, and setting the resource enrichment type microgrid as MG1Let t period MG1The power generation powers of the inner wind turbine set and the photovoltaic device are respectively
Figure BDA0002434242760000141
Loaded with
Figure BDA0002434242760000142
MG1Is set as the source-to-load net power difference
Figure BDA0002434242760000143
Figure BDA0002434242760000144
Constructing a pumped storage power station as an energy storage device on a resource enrichment island with the pumped storage power station, and setting the resource enrichment type micro-grid as MG2Let t period MG2The power generation powers of the inner wind turbine set and the photovoltaic device are respectively
Figure BDA0002434242760000145
Loaded with
Figure BDA0002434242760000146
MG2Is set as the source-to-load net power difference
Figure BDA0002434242760000147
A high-load-ratio microgrid is constructed on islands with concentrated loads and is set as MG3In view of the secondary problems of noise, heat island effect and the like caused by the development of renewable energy sources such as wind, light and the like and the limited available area of small and medium-sized islands, a wind turbine set is not installed, a photovoltaic device is installed on the roof of a part of buildings only, a certain amount of storage batteries are configured to improve the power supply reliability of important loads in a load accumulation area, and the load in a time period of t is set as
Figure BDA0002434242760000148
The generated power of the photovoltaic device is
Figure BDA0002434242760000149
Then MG3A source-to-load net power difference of
Figure BDA00024342427600001410
The present invention assumes MG3The photovoltaic device is not enough to meet the power demand of the load accumulation area, only plays a role in partially relieving the power consumption voltage of the load accumulation area, and has
Figure BDA00024342427600001411
The operation rule of the microgrid group in the step 2) is as follows:
rule one is as follows: the power generated by the renewable energy sources of each microgrid is preferentially supplied to the loads in the respective system;
rule two: when the resource-enriched micro-grid still has excess power after meeting the self load demand, the excess power is preferentially supplied to the high-load proportion micro-grid to meet the power consumption demand of the load accumulation area so as to improve the direct consumption rate of renewable energy sources, rather than charging the self energy storage device firstly;
rule three: in a discharging state, setting the priority of the energy storage device in the resource-enriched microgrid to be higher than that of the energy storage device in the high-load proportion microgrid, and according to the rule, when the renewable energy cannot meet the load requirement of the microgrid group, firstly, discharging by the energy storage device of the resource-enriched microgrid to compensate the power shortage of the microgrid group, and only using the energy storage device of the high-load proportion microgrid as the final reserve of a load gathering area; in a charging state, setting the priority of an energy storage device in the resource-enriched microgrid to be lower than that of an energy storage device in the high-load proportion microgrid, and preferentially absorbing the excess power by the energy storage device in the high-load proportion microgrid when the generated energy of the renewable energy exceeds the load requirement according to the rule so as to ensure that the energy storage device has sufficient reserve for a load gathering area;
rule four; when the resource-enriched micro-grid and the high-load proportion micro-grid have power shortage at the same time, the energy storage device compensates the power shortage of the high-load proportion micro-grid preferentially, namely, the power demand of a load center is met first. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the power supply reliability of a load center, an energy storage device of the high-load proportion type micro-grid is set to supply power only to a load gathering area;
a fifth rule; even if the micro-grid group is connected with a continental main grid, in order to achieve the aim of 100% green energy power supply of the micro-grid group, unidirectional characteristics of power transmission of the micro-grid group and the main grid are set, namely only the micro-grid group is allowed to transmit surplus power to the main grid, and electricity purchasing to the main grid is not allowed.
The specific content of step 3) is as follows:
the photovoltaic power generation model adopted by the invention is as follows:
Figure BDA0002434242760000151
Figure BDA0002434242760000152
Atand
Figure BDA0002434242760000153
respectively the generated power of the photovoltaic device, the actual irradiance and the actual temperature of the photovoltaic component in the period of t,
Figure BDA0002434242760000154
satisfy the requirement of
Figure BDA0002434242760000155
Figure BDA0002434242760000156
The maximum output power of the photovoltaic device is the t period; r isPVIs the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic device; pratedIs the rated power of the photovoltaic device; a. theratedIs the nominal irradiance of the photovoltaic device; alpha is alphaPIs the power temperature coefficient; t isstIs the temperature of the photovoltaic device under standard test conditions.
For a wind turbine, the actual wind speed model is:
Figure BDA0002434242760000157
v (t) and
Figure BDA0002434242760000158
respectively setting the wind speed at the hub wheel height of the fan and the wind speed at a crosswind point in a period t; h and HrefThe height of a fan hub wheel and the height of a wind measuring point are respectively; α is a surface roughness description factor. The generated power of the wind turbine set in the time period t is as follows:
Figure BDA0002434242760000161
wherein
Figure BDA0002434242760000162
For the generated power of the wind turbine for a period t,
Figure BDA0002434242760000163
satisfy the requirement of
Figure BDA0002434242760000164
Figure BDA0002434242760000165
The maximum output power of the wind turbine set; pr、vr、vinAnd voutThe rated power, rated wind speed, cut-in wind speed and cut-out wind speed of the wind turbine set are respectively.
For the storage battery, the relation between the charge state and the charge and discharge power is
Figure BDA0002434242760000166
Wherein, Delta t is a time interval, and the state of charge and the power of the storage battery in the period of t are respectively
Figure BDA0002434242760000167
Figure BDA00024342427600001620
The power is negative during charging and positive during discharging; etac、ηdRespectively charge and discharge efficiency; ebThe rated capacity of the storage battery. The state of charge of the storage battery is kept within a safe range to meet the SoCmin≤SoCt≤SoCmax，SoCmax、SoCminUpper and lower limits of the state of charge, respectively; the charging and discharging power of the storage battery is limited by the maximum charging and discharging power, so as to meet the requirements
Figure BDA0002434242760000168
Figure BDA0002434242760000169
Rated maximum charging and discharging power of the storage battery respectively, have
Figure BDA00024342427600001610
Epsilon is the ratio of the maximum charging and discharging power of the storage battery to the rated capacity.
For a pumped storage power station, in order to save construction cost, seawater is used as a lower water reservoir of the pumped storage power station, and a dual-water-channel pumped storage system which is beneficial to adjusting system voltage and keeping frequency stable is used, and comprises a water pump and a water-turbine generator set. The water pump of the pumped storage power station pumps the seawater to the upper reservoir by using the excess power to be in the charging state of the pumped storage power station, and the pumping power of the water pump is
Figure BDA00024342427600001611
Set to a negative value, i.e.
Figure BDA00024342427600001612
Figure BDA00024342427600001613
Satisfy-
Figure BDA00024342427600001614
Wherein
Figure BDA00024342427600001615
A binary integer variable for determining whether the pumped storage power station is in a charging state at a time interval of t
Figure BDA00024342427600001616
Otherwise
Figure BDA00024342427600001617
Figure BDA00024342427600001618
The rated upper and lower limit values of the pumping power of the water pump; when the micro-grid group has power shortage and needs the pumped storage power station to generate power, the reservoir discharges water to drive the water turbine set to generate power, and the generating power of the water turbine set is
Figure BDA00024342427600001619
Set to a positive value, satisfy the constraint
Figure BDA0002434242760000171
Wherein
Figure BDA0002434242760000172
A binary integer variable for judging whether the pumped storage power station is in a power generation state or not at the time of t time period
Figure BDA0002434242760000173
Otherwise
Figure BDA0002434242760000174
Figure BDA0002434242760000175
And
Figure BDA0002434242760000176
satisfy the requirement of
Figure BDA0002434242760000177
Figure BDA0002434242760000178
The upper limit value and the lower limit value are rated for the generating power of the hydraulic turbine set respectively; the water quantity change relationship of the reservoir is as follows:
Figure BDA0002434242760000179
wherein, delta t is a time interval, and the water quantity of the reservoir in the t period is Wt，WtSatisfies Wmin≤Wt≤Wmax，Wmax、WminThe maximum and minimum water storage capacity of the reservoir respectively; k is a radical ofP、kTThe water quantity and power ratio in the charging state and the power generation state is respectively.
The specific content of the step 4) is as follows:
defining a self-power rate R of a microgrid groupselThe percentage of the renewable energy output meeting the load requirement in the whole year is represented, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA00024342427600001710
wherein
Figure BDA00024342427600001711
And the load power value is the load power value cut off by the micro-grid group in the period t because the micro-grid group cannot meet the load requirement. When all renewable energy sources and energy storage output of the microgrid group cannot meet load requirements, the load of the part with power shortage is cut off, so that R is causedselLess than 100%, so RselCan represent the proportion of renewable energy power supply meeting the load demand if RselAnd when the load reaches 100%, the aim that the load is completely supplied with power by the green energy can be achieved. Furthermore, the system satisfies the power constraint:
Figure BDA00024342427600001712
wherein
Figure BDA00024342427600001713
For the power selling power of the micro-grid group to the main grid in the time period t,
Figure BDA00024342427600001714
subscript i in (A) represents MGiThe charging and discharging power of the internal storage battery is 1 or 3, so
Figure BDA00024342427600001715
And the sum of the charging and discharging power of all storage batteries in the microgrid group in the t period is represented.
The specific content of step 5) is as follows:
the island micro-grid group formulates a 100% green energy power supply control strategy according to the actual power output and load consumption condition of each micro-grid and the provided operation rule so as to coordinate the optimal scheduling of the micro-grid group. Based on
Figure BDA00024342427600001716
According to the premise of the resource-enriched micro-grid, the resource-enriched micro-grid can meet the self load demand, one of the resource-enriched micro-grids can not meet the self load demand and the resource-enriched micro-grid appearsThe power grid has three scenes of power shortage, and the power grid is divided into four execution strategies aiming at 9 situations under the three scenes, wherein the 9 situations are respectively as follows:
Case1：
Figure BDA0002434242760000181
resource-enriched micro-grid MG at the moment1And MG2All can meet the self-load requirement, and MG1And MG2Can compensate for MG3Power deficit of;
Case2：
Figure BDA0002434242760000182
resource-enriched micro-grid MG at the moment1And MG2All can meet the self-load requirement, but MG1And MG2Cannot fully compensate for the MG3Power deficit of;
Case3：
Figure BDA0002434242760000183
at the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid2Power shortage occurs but MG1Can compensate for MG2And MG3Power deficit of;
Case4：
Figure BDA0002434242760000184
but do not
Figure BDA0002434242760000185
At the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid2Power shortage, MG1Can compensate for MG3But compensated for MG3Excess power after power shortage cannot fully compensate MG2Power deficit of;
Case5：
Figure BDA0002434242760000186
and is
Figure BDA0002434242760000187
At the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid2Power shortage, MG1Cannot fully compensate for the MG3Power shortage of so as not to continue compensating MG2Power deficit of;
Case6：
Figure BDA0002434242760000188
at the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid1Power shortage occurs but MG2Can compensate for MG1And MG3Power deficit of;
Case7：
Figure BDA0002434242760000191
but do not
Figure BDA0002434242760000192
At the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid1Power shortage, MG2Can compensate for MG3But compensated for MG3Excess power after power shortage cannot fully compensate MG1Power deficit of;
Case8：
Figure BDA0002434242760000193
and is
Figure BDA0002434242760000194
At the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid1Power shortage, MG2Cannot fully compensate for the MG3Power shortage of so as not to continue compensating MG1Power deficit of;
Case9：
Figure BDA0002434242760000195
resource-enriched micro-grid MG at the moment1And MG2All the power shortage occurs, and the total power shortage of the micro-grid group is
Figure BDA0002434242760000196
Executing a first strategy: for Case1, Case3 and Case6, the renewable energy source has an excess power of
Figure BDA0002434242760000197
Calculating the t-period MG1And MG3Inner accumulator (set as B respectivelyESS1And BESS3) Maximum allowable charging power, and MG2The maximum charging power allowed by a water pump of the internal pumping power station is respectively
Figure BDA0002434242760000198
And
Figure BDA0002434242760000199
is provided with
Figure BDA00024342427600001910
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA00024342427600001911
are respectively a storage battery BESS1Storage battery BESS3A nominal maximum charging power;
Figure BDA00024342427600001912
the rated upper limit value is the pumping power of the water pump; SoC (system on chip)1 t、SoC3 tStorage battery B for t periods respectivelyESS1Storage battery BESS3The state of charge of; eb1、Eb3Are respectively a storage battery BESS1Storage battery BESS3Rated capacity of (d); according to rule three, when the energy storage device is charged, the excess power of the microgrid group is firstly supplied to the BESS3Charging, so it should be determined that BESS3Whether the excess power can be completely absorbed or not, if so, the whole excess power is supplied to BESS3Charging, BESS1And the pumped storage power station is in a standby state; if not, BESS3Can only be achieved by
Figure BDA00024342427600001913
Absorbing the excess power, the rest of the excess power being BESS1Absorbing with pumped storage power station, and judging BESS1And whether the pumped storage power station can fully absorb the portion of power. If B isESS1And the pumped storage power station can completely absorb the rest of the excess power when BESS1And pumped storage power stations, i.e. having available surplus capacity
Figure BDA0002434242760000201
And
Figure BDA0002434242760000202
all are not zero, BESS1And pumped storage power station according to
Figure BDA0002434242760000203
Figure BDA0002434242760000204
The ratio of the first and second power absorption units is equal to or greater than the ratio of the first and second power absorption units to the ratio of the second and third power absorption units to the ratio of the first and third power absorption units to the ratio of the second and fourth power absorption units to the ratio of the first and fourth power absorption units to the ratio of the second and fourth power absorption units to the ratio of the first and fourth power absorption units to the remainder of the excess power absorption, otherwise, selecting the remaining capacity absorption units from the two absorption units to absorb the remainder of the excess power; if B isESS1And the residual part of the excess power which can not be completely absorbed by the pumped storage power station can only be used for charging at the maximum allowable charging power
Figure BDA0002434242760000205
And absorbing the excessive power, and selling electricity to the main network by the power part which cannot be absorbed by the energy storage device.
And executing a strategy two: aiming at Case2, the power shortage only occurs in the high-load proportional type microgrid, and a t period B is calculatedESS1、BESS3The maximum allowable discharge power and the maximum allowable power generation power of the hydraulic turbine set of the pumped storage power station are respectively
Figure BDA0002434242760000206
And
Figure BDA0002434242760000207
Figure BDA0002434242760000208
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002434242760000209
are respectively a storage battery BESS1Storage battery BESS3Rated maximum discharge power;
Figure BDA00024342427600002010
the upper limit value is the rated power of the water turbine set; according to the third rule, when the energy storage device discharges, the power shortage of the micro-grid group firstly flows from BESS1And discharge compensation of pumped storage power station, so that whether the pumped storage power station and the pumped storage power station can fully compensate MG or not is judged3Power shortage of, if any, when BESS1And pumped storage power stations, i.e. having available surplus capacity
Figure BDA00024342427600002011
And
Figure BDA00024342427600002012
all are not zero, BESS1And pumped storage power station according to
Figure BDA00024342427600002013
Figure BDA00024342427600002014
Proportional common discharge compensation MG3Otherwise, selecting the device with available residual capacity among the two to discharge and compensate MG3Power deficit of; if the deficit cannot be fully compensated for, BESS1And the pumped storage power station can only discharge at the maximum power allowed by the pumped storage power station
Figure BDA0002434242760000211
Discharged and the rest of the power is partially depleted by BESS3Discharge compensation, if the remaining power shortage exceeds BESS3Maximum permitted discharge power, BESS3Can only be achieved by
Figure BDA0002434242760000212
Discharging and cutting off the load of the part with power shortage.
And executing a strategy III: aiming at Case4 and Case7, the power shortage of the microgrid group only exists in the resource-enriched microgrid with the power shortage, the power shortage of the resource-enriched microgrid is the power shortage of the microgrid group, and when B is the power shortage of the microgrid groupESS1When the pumped storage power station can completely compensate the shortage, firstly, the energy storage device in the resource-enriched microgrid with the power shortage discharges to compensate the shortage, and when the shortage cannot be completely compensated, the energy storage device in the other resource-enriched microgrid compensates the rest power shortage part; when B is presentESS1And when the pumped storage power station can not completely compensate the shortage, the pumped storage power station and the pumped storage power station can only compensate the shortage
Figure BDA0002434242760000213
And
Figure BDA0002434242760000214
discharge and BESS3Four are MG according to the rule3The load gathering area supplies power, so that the load of the part which cannot compensate the power shortage in the resource-enriched micro-grid is cut off.
And executing a strategy four: for Case5, Case8 and Case9, the power deficit of the microgrid group is given by the MG3And power shortage in the resource-enriched microgrid. MG in Case5 or Case83Internal power deficit of
Figure BDA0002434242760000215
Or
Figure BDA0002434242760000216
The resource-enriched micro-grid has the power shortage of
Figure BDA0002434242760000217
Or
Figure BDA0002434242760000218
MG in Case93Has a power shortage of
Figure BDA0002434242760000219
The resource-enriched micro-grid has the power shortage of
Figure BDA00024342427600002110
When B is presentESS1And the pumped storage power station can fully compensate MG3Judging whether the two can continue to output power to completely compensate the power shortage of the resource-enriched micro-grid or not, if so, completely compensating the power shortage, and BESS1And pumped storage power stations, i.e. having available surplus capacity
Figure BDA00024342427600002111
And
Figure BDA00024342427600002112
on the premise that all are not zero, BESS1And pumped storage power station according to
Figure BDA00024342427600002117
The proportion of the residual capacity is used for jointly discharging and compensating the whole power shortage, otherwise, a device with available residual capacity is selected from the proportion of the residual capacity and the total power shortage is compensated by discharging; if the two can not completely compensate the power shortage of the resource-enriched micro-grid, BESS1And the pumping power station can only
Figure BDA00024342427600002115
And
Figure BDA00024342427600002116
discharge, first compensating MG3Then compensating partial power shortage of the resource-enriched micro-grid, wherein the load of the residual power shortage part can be only cut off, BESS3And according to the fourth rule, the system is always in a standby state. When B is presentESS1And the pumped storage power station cannot fully compensate for MG3When the power is in shortage, only the corresponding part of the load can be cut off for the power shortage of the resource-enriched micro-grid, and meanwhile, BESS1And a pumped storage power station to
Figure BDA0002434242760000221
And
Figure BDA0002434242760000222
discharge compensated MG3Power shortage of MG3The surplus power is deficient by BESS3Compensation of output if MG3The remaining power shortage still exceeds BESS3Maximum permitted discharge power, BESS3Can only be achieved by
Figure BDA0002434242760000223
Applying force and cutting off MG3There is still a load of the power deficit portion.
The specific contents of step 6) are as follows;
firstly, initializing, and reading data such as wind speed, illumination intensity, load, simulation duration and the like;
secondly, generating an initial population I with the scale of 100, setting the individual of the population I as x, wherein the x comprises the fan capacity CWTPhotovoltaic capacity CPVCapacity E of storage batterybAnd reservoir capacity W of pumped storage power stationmaxCapacity of water pump
Figure BDA0002434242760000224
Capacity of water turbine set
Figure BDA0002434242760000225
I.e. x ═ CWT1，CPV1，Eb1，CWT2，CPV2，Wmax，
Figure BDA0002434242760000226
CPV3，Eb3]Wherein, CWT1、CPV1Are respectively MG1Internal fan and photovoltaic capacity; cWT2、CPV2Are respectively MG2Internal fan and photovoltaic capacity; cPV3Is MG3An internal photovoltaic capacity;
thirdly, calculating a capacity optimization target R according to the 100% green energy power supply coordination control strategy provided in the step 5) by using the capacity information of xselAnd performing non-dominant sorting;
selecting a parent population P from the initial population I by adopting a championship selection method to perform genetic operation to obtain a child population C, wherein the crossing rate is 0.9, and the variation rate is 0.1;
fifthly, calculating a related optimization target value of the child population C, and combining the child population C and the parent population P to form an intermediate population M;
sixthly, performing non-dominated sorting on the intermediate population M to form a population I' with the scale of 100;
and seventhly, replacing the parent population P in the fourth step with I', and repeating the fourth step to the sixth step until the iteration times reach 50 to obtain a final optimization result. Optimizing the individual x in the generated population I by adopting the NSGA-II algorithm to finally obtain RselAnd (3) obtaining a capacity configuration scheme x when the capacity reaches 100%, namely obtaining a capacity optimization configuration scheme of the island micro-grid group, which realizes the power supply target of 100% green energy for all loads.

Claims (5)

1. A capacity optimization configuration method for an island micro-grid group is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), providing a power supply and energy storage device configuration scheme for a resource-enriched microgrid and a high-load proportional microgrid according to regional conditions, resources and loads of different islands; the resource-enriched micro-grid and the high-load proportion micro-grid are interconnected through a submarine cable to form a sea-island micro-grid group;
step 2), establishing a micro-grid group operation rule;
step 3), providing specific models of the power supply and the energy storage device;
step 4), providing a target function and constraint conditions for capacity optimization configuration of the island microgrid group;
step 5), providing a coordination control strategy for 100% green energy power supply of the island microgrid group;
step 6), model solution is carried out on the island micro-grid group by adopting an improved non-inferior sequencing genetic algorithm;
in step 1), according to the regional conditions, resources and load conditions of different islands, the island with rich renewable energy sourcesConstructing a resource-enriched microgrid, and configuring a plurality of wind generating sets and photovoltaic devices; selecting a storage battery as an energy storage device on a resource enrichment island without building a pumped storage power station, and setting the resource enrichment type microgrid as MG1Let t period MG1The power generation powers of the inner wind generating set and the photovoltaic device are respectively
Figure FDA0003062921730000011
Loaded with
Figure FDA0003062921730000012
Mixing MG1Is set as the source-to-load net power difference
Figure FDA0003062921730000013
Figure FDA0003062921730000014
Constructing a pumped storage power station as an energy storage device on a resource enrichment island with the pumped storage power station, and setting the resource enrichment type micro-grid as MG2Let t period MG2The power generation powers of the inner wind generating set and the photovoltaic device are respectively
Figure FDA0003062921730000015
Loaded with
Figure FDA0003062921730000016
MG2Is set as the source-to-load net power difference
Figure FDA0003062921730000017
Step 1), a high-load-ratio microgrid is constructed on islands with concentrated loads, and the high-load-ratio microgrid is set to MG3In view of noise and heat island effect caused by renewable energy development of wind and light and limited usable area of small and medium-sized islands, wind turbine units are not installed, photovoltaic devices are installed on the roofs of partial buildings only, and a certain amount of photovoltaic devices are configuredThe storage battery improves the power supply reliability of important loads in a load accumulation area, and the load in a time period t is set as
Figure FDA0003062921730000021
The generated power of the photovoltaic device is
Figure FDA0003062921730000022
Then MG3A source-to-load net power difference of
Figure FDA0003062921730000023
Suppose MG3The photovoltaic device is not enough to meet the power demand of the load accumulation area, only plays a role in partially relieving the power consumption voltage of the load accumulation area, and has
Figure FDA0003062921730000024
The operation rule of the microgrid group in the step 2) is as follows:
rule one is as follows: the power generated by the renewable energy sources of each microgrid is preferentially supplied to the loads in the respective system;
rule two: when the resource-enriched micro-grid still has excess power after meeting the self load demand, the excess power is preferentially supplied to the high-load proportion micro-grid to meet the power consumption demand of the load accumulation area so as to improve the direct consumption rate of renewable energy sources, rather than charging the self energy storage device firstly;
rule three: in a discharging state, setting the priority of the energy storage device in the resource-enriched microgrid to be higher than that of the energy storage device in the high-load proportion microgrid, and according to the rule, when the renewable energy cannot meet the load requirement of the microgrid group, firstly, discharging by the energy storage device of the resource-enriched microgrid to compensate the power shortage of the microgrid group, and only using the energy storage device of the high-load proportion microgrid as the final reserve of a load gathering area; in a charging state, setting the priority of an energy storage device in the resource-enriched microgrid to be lower than that of an energy storage device in the high-load proportion microgrid, and preferentially absorbing the excess power by the energy storage device in the high-load proportion microgrid when the generated energy of the renewable energy exceeds the load requirement according to the rule so as to ensure that the energy storage device has sufficient reserve for a load gathering area;
rule four: when the resource-enriched micro-grid and the high-load proportion micro-grid have power shortage at the same time, the energy storage device compensates the power shortage of the high-load proportion micro-grid preferentially, namely, the power demand of a load center is met firstly; meanwhile, in order to ensure the power supply reliability of a load center, an energy storage device of the high-load proportion type micro-grid is set to supply power only to a load gathering area;
rule five: even if the micro-grid group is connected with a continental main grid, in order to achieve the aim of 100% green energy power supply of the micro-grid group, unidirectional characteristics of power transmission of the micro-grid group and the main grid are set, namely only the micro-grid group is allowed to transmit surplus power to the main grid, and electricity purchasing to the main grid is not allowed;
the specific content of step 5) is as follows:
the island micro-grid group formulates a 100% green energy power supply control strategy according to the actual power output and load consumption condition of each micro-grid and the provided operation rule so as to coordinate the optimal scheduling of the micro-grid group; based on
Figure FDA0003062921730000031
According to the source load net power difference of the resource enrichment type microgrid, three scenes that the resource enrichment type microgrid can meet self load requirements and cannot meet the self load requirements and the resource enrichment type microgrid has power shortage appear are divided into four execution strategies aiming at 9 situations under three scenes, wherein the 9 situations are respectively as follows:
Case1：
Figure FDA0003062921730000032
resource-enriched micro-grid MG at the moment1And MG2All can meet the self-load requirement, and MG1And MG2Can compensate for MG3Power deficit of;
Case2：
Figure FDA0003062921730000033
resource-enriched micro-grid MG at the moment1And MG2All can meet the self-load requirement, but MG1And MG2Cannot fully compensate for the MG3Power deficit of;
Case3：
Figure FDA0003062921730000034
at the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid2Power shortage occurs but MG1Can compensate for MG2And MG3Power deficit of;
Case4：
Figure FDA0003062921730000035
but do not
Figure FDA0003062921730000036
At the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid2Power shortage, MG1Can compensate for MG3But compensated for MG3Excess power after power shortage cannot fully compensate MG2Power deficit of;
Case5：
Figure FDA0003062921730000041
and is
Figure FDA0003062921730000042
At the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid2Power shortage, MG1Cannot fully compensate for the MG3Power shortage of so as not to continue compensating MG2Power deficit of;
Case6：
Figure FDA0003062921730000043
at the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid1Power shortage occurs but MG2Can compensate for MG1And MG3Power deficit of;
Case7：
Figure FDA0003062921730000044
but do not
Figure FDA0003062921730000045
At the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid1Power shortage, MG2Can compensate for MG3But compensated for MG3Excess power after power shortage cannot fully compensate MG1Power deficit of;
Case8：
Figure FDA0003062921730000046
and is
Figure FDA0003062921730000047
At the moment, only MG exists in the resource-enriched microgrid1Power shortage, MG2Cannot fully compensate for the MG3Power shortage of so as not to continue compensating MG1Power deficit of;
Case9：
Figure FDA0003062921730000048
resource-enriched micro-grid MG at the moment1And MG2All the power shortage occurs, and the total power shortage of the micro-grid group is
Figure FDA0003062921730000049
Executing a first strategy: for Case1, Case3 and Case6, the renewable energy source has an excess power of
Figure FDA00030629217300000410
Calculating the t-period MG1Internal accumulator BESS1And MG3Internal accumulator BESS3Maximum allowable charging powerAnd MG2The maximum charging power allowed by a water pump of the internal pumping power station is respectively
Figure FDA00030629217300000411
And
Figure FDA00030629217300000412
is provided with
Figure FDA00030629217300000413
In the formula etac、ηdRespectively charge and discharge efficiency; wtThe water quantity of the reservoir in the period t; wmaxThe maximum water storage capacity of the reservoir; k is a radical ofPThe water quantity-power ratio in the charging state is obtained;
Figure FDA00030629217300000414
are respectively a storage battery BESS1Storage battery BESS3A nominal maximum charging power;
Figure FDA0003062921730000051
the rated upper limit value is the pumping power of the water pump; SoC (system on chip)1 t、SoC3 tStorage battery B for t periods respectivelyESS1Storage battery BESS3The state of charge of; eb1、Eb3Are respectively a storage battery BESS1Storage battery BESS3Rated capacity of (d); according to rule three, when the energy storage device is charged, the excess power of the microgrid group is firstly supplied to the BESS3Charging, so it should be determined that BESS3If the excess power can be completely absorbed, the whole excess power is supplied to BESS3Charging, BESS1And the pumped storage power station is in a standby state; if not, BESS3Can only be achieved by
Figure FDA0003062921730000052
Absorbing the excess power, the rest of the excess power being BESS1Absorbed by the pumped storage power station and judgedBreak BESS1And whether the pumped storage power station can completely absorb the part of power; if B isESS1And the pumped storage power station can completely absorb the rest of the excess power when BESS1And pumped storage power stations, i.e. having available surplus capacity
Figure FDA0003062921730000053
And
Figure FDA0003062921730000054
all are not zero, BESS1And pumped storage power station according to
Figure FDA0003062921730000055
Figure FDA0003062921730000056
The ratio of (a) to (b) together absorb the remaining portion of the excess power, otherwise selecting the device having the remaining available capacity to absorb the remaining portion of the excess power; if B isESS1And the residual part of the excess power which can not be completely absorbed by the pumped storage power station can only be used for charging at the maximum allowable charging power
Figure FDA0003062921730000057
Figure FDA0003062921730000058
Absorbing the excess power;
and executing a strategy two: aiming at Case2, the power shortage only occurs in the high-load proportional type microgrid, and a t period B is calculatedESS1、BESS3The maximum allowable discharge power and the maximum allowable power generation power of the hydraulic turbine set of the pumped storage power station are respectively
Figure FDA0003062921730000059
And
Figure FDA00030629217300000510
Figure FDA00030629217300000511
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA00030629217300000512
are respectively a storage battery BESS1Storage battery BESS3Rated maximum discharge power;
Figure FDA00030629217300000513
the upper limit value is the rated power of the water turbine set; k is a radical ofTThe water quantity-power ratio under the power generation state; according to the third rule, when the energy storage device discharges, the power shortage of the microgrid group is firstly measured by BESS1And discharge compensation of pumped storage power station, so that whether the pumped storage power station and the pumped storage power station can fully compensate MG or not is judged3Power shortage of, if any, when BESS1And pumped storage power stations, i.e. having available surplus capacity
Figure FDA0003062921730000061
And
Figure FDA0003062921730000062
all are not zero, BESS1And pumped storage power station according to
Figure FDA0003062921730000063
Figure FDA0003062921730000064
Proportional common discharge compensation MG3Otherwise, selecting the device with available residual capacity among the two to discharge and compensate MG3Power deficit of; if the deficit cannot be fully compensated for, BESS1And the pumped storage power station can only discharge at the maximum power allowed by the pumped storage power station
Figure FDA0003062921730000065
Discharged and the rest of the power is partially depleted by BESS3Discharge compensation, if the remaining power shortage exceeds BESS3Maximum permitted discharge power, BESS3Can only be achieved by
Figure FDA0003062921730000066
Discharging and cutting off the load of the part with power shortage;
and executing a strategy III: aiming at Case4 and Case7, the power shortage of the microgrid group only exists in the resource-enriched microgrid with the power shortage, the power shortage of the resource-enriched microgrid is the power shortage of the microgrid group, and when B is the power shortage of the microgrid groupESS1When the pumped storage power station can completely compensate the shortage, firstly, the energy storage device in the resource-enriched microgrid with the power shortage discharges to compensate the shortage, and when the shortage cannot be completely compensated, the energy storage device in the other resource-enriched microgrid compensates the rest power shortage part; when B is presentESS1And when the pumped storage power station can not completely compensate the shortage, the pumped storage power station and the pumped storage power station can only compensate the shortage
Figure FDA0003062921730000067
And
Figure FDA0003062921730000068
discharge and BESS3Four are MG according to the rule3The load gathering area supplies power, so that the load of the part which cannot compensate the power shortage in the resource-enriched micro-grid is cut off;
and executing a strategy four: for Case5, Case8 and Case9, the power deficit of the microgrid group is given by the MG3And power shortage in resource-rich microgrid, MG in Case5 or Case83Internal power deficit of
Figure FDA0003062921730000069
Or
Figure FDA00030629217300000610
The resource-enriched micro-grid has the power shortage of
Figure FDA00030629217300000611
Or
Figure FDA00030629217300000612
MG in Case93Has a power shortage of
Figure FDA00030629217300000613
The resource-enriched micro-grid has the power shortage of
Figure FDA00030629217300000614
When B is presentESS1And the pumped storage power station can fully compensate MG3Judging whether the two can continue to output power to completely compensate the power shortage of the resource-enriched micro-grid or not, if so, completely compensating the power shortage, and BESS1And pumped storage power stations, i.e. having available surplus capacity
Figure FDA0003062921730000071
And
Figure FDA0003062921730000072
on the premise that all are not zero, BESS1And pumped storage power station according to
Figure FDA0003062921730000073
Figure FDA0003062921730000074
The proportion of the residual capacity is used for jointly discharging and compensating the whole power shortage, otherwise, a device with available residual capacity is selected from the proportion of the residual capacity and the total power shortage is compensated by discharging; if the two can not completely compensate the power shortage of the resource-enriched micro-grid, BESS1And pumped storage power stations can only
Figure FDA0003062921730000075
And
Figure FDA0003062921730000076
discharge, first compensating MG3Then compensating partial power shortage of the resource-enriched micro-grid, wherein the load of the residual power shortage part can be only cut off, BESS3According to the fourth rule, the system is always in a standby state; when B is presentESS1And the pumped storage power station cannot fully compensate MG3When the power is in shortage, only the corresponding part of the load can be cut off for the power shortage of the resource-enriched micro-grid, and meanwhile, BESS1And a pumped storage power station to
Figure FDA0003062921730000077
And
Figure FDA0003062921730000078
discharge compensated MG3Power shortage of MG3The surplus power is deficient by BESS3Compensation of output if MG3The remaining power shortage still exceeds BESS3Maximum permitted discharge power, BESS3Can only be achieved by
Figure FDA0003062921730000079
Applying force and cutting off MG3There is still a load of the power deficit portion.
2. The island microgrid group capacity optimization configuration method of claim 1, characterized in that in step 3),
the photovoltaic power generation model is as follows:
Figure FDA00030629217300000710
Figure FDA00030629217300000711
and
Figure FDA00030629217300000712
respectively the generated power of the photovoltaic device, the actual irradiance and the actual temperature of the photovoltaic component in the period of t,
Figure FDA00030629217300000713
satisfy the requirement of
Figure FDA00030629217300000714
Figure FDA00030629217300000715
The maximum output power of the photovoltaic device is the t period; r isPVIs the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic device; pratedIs the rated power of the photovoltaic device; a. theratedIs the nominal irradiance of the photovoltaic device; alpha is alphaPIs the power temperature coefficient; t isstIs the temperature of the photovoltaic device under standard test conditions;
for a wind turbine, the actual wind speed model is:
Figure FDA00030629217300000716
v (t) and
Figure FDA00030629217300000717
respectively setting the wind speed at the hub wheel height of the fan and the wind speed at a crosswind point in a period t; h and HrefThe height of a fan hub wheel and the height of a wind measuring point are respectively; alpha is a surface roughness description factor; the generated power of the wind turbine set in the time period t is as follows;
Figure FDA0003062921730000081
wherein
Figure FDA0003062921730000082
For the generated power of the wind turbine for a period t,
Figure FDA0003062921730000083
satisfy the requirement of
Figure FDA0003062921730000084
Figure FDA0003062921730000085
The maximum output power of the wind turbine set; pr、vr、vinAnd voutThe rated power, rated wind speed, cut-in wind speed and cut-out wind speed of the wind turbine set are respectively.
3. The island microgrid group capacity optimization configuration method of claim 2, characterized in that in step 3), the relation between the state of charge and the charge and discharge power of the storage battery is
Figure FDA0003062921730000086
Wherein, delta t is a time interval, and the state of charge and the power of the storage battery in the period of t are respectively SoCt、Pb tThe power is negative during charging and positive during discharging; etac、ηdRespectively charge and discharge efficiency; ebThe rated capacity of the storage battery; the state of charge of the storage battery is kept within a safe range to meet the SoCmin≤SoCt≤SoCmax，SoCmax、SoCminUpper and lower limits of the state of charge, respectively; the charging and discharging power of the storage battery is limited by the maximum charging and discharging power, and the requirement of the storage battery on the maximum charging and discharging power is met
Figure FDA0003062921730000087
Figure FDA0003062921730000088
Rated maximum charging and discharging power of the storage battery respectively, have
Figure FDA0003062921730000089
Epsilon is the ratio of the maximum charging and discharging power of the storage battery to the rated capacity;
for a pumped storage power station, in order to save construction cost, seawater is used as a lower reservoir of the pumped storage power station, a double-water-channel pumped storage system which is beneficial to regulating system voltage and keeping frequency stable is used, the pumped storage system comprises a water pump and a hydroelectric generating set, and the water pump of the pumped storage power station pumps the seawater to the reservoir by using excess power for pumpingThe charging state of the water energy storage power station, at the moment, the pumping power of the water pump is
Figure FDA00030629217300000810
Set to a negative value, i.e.
Figure FDA00030629217300000811
Figure FDA00030629217300000812
Satisfy the requirement of
Figure FDA00030629217300000813
Wherein
Figure FDA00030629217300000814
A binary integer variable for determining whether the pumped storage power station is in a charging state at a time interval of t
Figure FDA00030629217300000815
Otherwise
Figure FDA00030629217300000816
Figure FDA00030629217300000817
The upper limit value and the lower limit value are rated for the pumping power of the water pump respectively; when the micro-grid group has power shortage and needs a pumped storage power station to generate power, the reservoir discharges water to drive the water turbine set to generate power, and the generating power of the water turbine set is PtTSet to a positive value, satisfying the constraint condition
Figure FDA0003062921730000091
Wherein
Figure FDA0003062921730000092
A binary integer variable for judging whether the pumped storage power station is in a power generation state or not at the time of t time period
Figure FDA0003062921730000093
Otherwise
Figure FDA0003062921730000094
Figure FDA0003062921730000095
And
Figure FDA0003062921730000096
satisfy the requirement of
Figure FDA0003062921730000097
Figure FDA0003062921730000098
The upper limit value and the lower limit value are rated for the generating power of the hydraulic turbine set respectively; the water quantity change relationship of the reservoir is as follows:
Figure FDA0003062921730000099
wherein, delta t is a time interval, and the water quantity of the reservoir in the t period is Wt，WtSatisfies Wmin≤Wt≤Wmax，Wmax、WminThe maximum and minimum water storage capacity of the reservoir respectively.
4. The island microgrid group capacity optimization configuration method of claim 1, characterized in that the specific contents of step 4) are as follows:
defining a self-power rate R of a microgrid groupselThe percentage of the renewable energy output meeting the load requirement in the whole year is represented, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA00030629217300000910
wherein
Figure FDA00030629217300000911
The load power value cut off by the microgrid group in the period of t because the microgrid group can not meet the load demand, and delta t is a time intervalT is the total time period number; when all renewable energy sources and energy storage output of the microgrid group cannot meet load requirements, the load of the part with power shortage is cut off, so that R is causedselLess than 100%, so RselCan represent the proportion of renewable energy power supply meeting the load demand if RselWhen the load reaches 100%, the aim that the load is completely supplied with power by green energy sources can be realized; furthermore, the system satisfies the power constraint:
Figure FDA00030629217300000912
wherein
Figure FDA00030629217300000913
For the power selling power of the micro-grid group to the main grid in the time period t,
Figure FDA00030629217300000914
subscript i in (A) represents MGiThe charge and discharge power of the internal storage battery,
Figure FDA00030629217300000915
representing the sum of the charging and discharging power of all storage batteries in the microgrid group in the period t,
Figure FDA00030629217300000916
a binary integer variable of whether the pumped storage power station is in a charging state or not in a time period t,
Figure FDA00030629217300000917
a binary integer variable of whether the pumped storage power station is in a power generation state or not in a time period t,
Figure FDA0003062921730000101
the power for pumping water by the water pump is provided,
Figure FDA0003062921730000102
the power generated by the water turbine set.
5. The island microgrid group capacity optimization configuration method of claim 4, characterized in that the specific content of step 6) is as follows:
firstly, initializing, and reading wind speed, illumination intensity, load and simulation duration;
secondly, generating an initial population I with the scale of 100, setting the individual of the population I as x, wherein the x comprises the fan capacity CWTPhotovoltaic capacity CPVCapacity E of storage batterybAnd reservoir capacity W of pumped storage power stationmaxCapacity of water pump
Figure FDA0003062921730000103
Capacity of water turbine set
Figure FDA0003062921730000104
Namely, it is
Figure FDA0003062921730000105
Figure FDA0003062921730000106
Wherein, CWT1、CPV1Are respectively MG1Internal fan and photovoltaic capacity; cWT2、CPV2Are respectively MG2Internal fan and photovoltaic capacity; cPV3Is MG3An internal photovoltaic capacity;
thirdly, calculating a capacity optimization target R according to the 100% green energy power supply coordination control strategy provided in the step 5) by using the capacity information of xselAnd performing non-dominant sorting;
selecting a parent population P from the initial population I by adopting a championship selection method to perform genetic operation to obtain a child population C, wherein the crossing rate is 0.9, and the variation rate is 0.1;
fifthly, calculating a related optimization target value of the child population C, and combining the child population C and the parent population P to form an intermediate population M;
sixthly, performing non-dominated sorting on the intermediate population M to form a population I' with the scale of 100;
seventhly, replacing the four by IRepeating the parent population P for four to six times until the iteration number reaches 50 to obtain a final optimization result; optimizing the individual x in the generated population I by adopting the NSGA-II algorithm to finally obtain RselAnd (3) a capacity configuration scheme when 100% is reached, namely the capacity configuration scheme of the island micro-grid group for realizing the power supply target of 100% green energy for all loads is obtained.
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