CN1113539C - 接收压缩的图像信号的方法和接收机 - Google Patents

接收压缩的图像信号的方法和接收机 Download PDF

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CN1113539C
CN1113539C CN96190771A CN96190771A CN1113539C CN 1113539 C CN1113539 C CN 1113539C CN 96190771 A CN96190771 A CN 96190771A CN 96190771 A CN96190771 A CN 96190771A CN 1113539 C CN1113539 C CN 1113539C
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CN1191653A (zh
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C·M·惠泽
L·M·W·M·卡雷尔
F·博斯威尔德
P·J·达维萨
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
    • H04N7/17309—Transmission or handling of upstream communications
    • H04N7/17318—Direct or substantially direct transmission and handling of requests
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T9/00—Image coding
    • G06T9/007—Transform coding, e.g. discrete cosine transform
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/2387—Stream processing in response to a playback request from an end-user, e.g. for trick-play
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47—End-user applications
    • H04N21/472—End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content
    • H04N21/47202—End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content for requesting content on demand, e.g. video on demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/637—Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components
    • H04N21/6375—Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components for requesting retransmission, e.g. of data packets lost or corrupted during transmission from server
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
    • H04N21/845—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
    • H04N21/8455—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments involving pointers to the content, e.g. pointers to the I-frames of the video stream

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Abstract

本发明涉及把MPEG编码的电视信号从视频点播服务器(1)通过网络(3)发送到接收机(2)。在考虑到典型的网络情况下，例如考虑到网络等待时间的情况下，诸如“暂停”和“再开始”这样的非线性重放功能需要对比特信息流作非常精确的控制。接收机(2)包括一个等待时间缓存器(24)，用于存储在重放停止时传来的信号。来自用户的“暂停”和“再开始”命令在等待时间缓存器达到预定的充满度之前不会发送到服务器。这就允许接收机在暂停后再开始无断裂的信号重放。

Description

接收压缩的图象信号的方法和接收机
发明领域
本发明涉及接收压缩的电视信号的方法。本发明也涉及用于实现所述方法的装置，更具体地，涉及例如用于接收来自视频点播服务器的MPEG压缩音频和视频信号的数字型机上附加盒那样的装置。
发明背景
在MPEG-2标准内所规定的所谓的“输送信息流”和“节目信息流”提供了用于传输和存储MPBG压缩音频和视频(A/V)信息的标准化机制。这两种信息流都包含时间印记以便使传送的音频和视频在译码和呈现时实现同步，同时确保在译码器中的数据缓存器在线性重放期间不上溢或下溢。此外，这些时间印记还用于信息流本身的正确传递。MPEG输送信息流适合于在可能出现重大错误的环境条件下一个或多个数字数据节目的通信或存储。这样的环境，例如是地面和卫星广播信道，有线信道，以及其它电信网络。MPEG节目信息流适合于在几乎不出现错误的环境条件下的一个数字数据节目的通信或存储，且其中对系统编码的软件处理是主要考虑的事项。这样的环境，例如是带有光和磁的存储介质的个人计算机(PC机)。
在最近几年中，很大力量正花费在包括对节目和输送信息流的线性重放和传输的应用方面。例如，广播MPEG-2编码的节目涉及到传播无限长的输送信息流。然而，对来自图象服务器的MPEG输送信息流和节目信息流的非线性重放没有受到同样程序的注意。非线性重放包括信息流的中断和继续，它对于几乎所有类型的特技模式是必须的。特技模式需要对信息流进行精确控制。对于本地的以光盘基础的系统，为支持特技模式，例如暂停，慢动作，和快速向前等的解决办法是已知的。然而，已知的解决方法不能应用于网络环境，因为网络与本地系统有两点不同。
第一方面是延时，从译码器-网络-服务器-网络-译码器。这种延时，又被称作为网络等待时间，并不是恒定的，它可以多达1秒。网络等待时间的影响在于，在终端用户请求一次暂停(造成停止译码和显示处理以及发送暂停命令给服务器)以后，网络还将在某个时间段内继续传递比特给译码器。随后的信息流的继续也被网络等待时间复杂化了。即，由于网络等待时间，在把“再开始”命令传送给服务器和在所请求的比特到达译码器之间有很大的延时。在暂停命令后已传递的比特和在再开始命令后的比特的暂时亏缺必须由译码器这样来处理，以使译码器可无断裂地再开始它的译码和显示处理。
第二方向是在网络中可能存在MPEG-2再复接器。再复接器的存在使得对特技模式的支持复杂化，因为再复接器允许在输送信息中具有不同的PID的信息包被再排序。PID是在MPEG-2标准中规定的信息包识别号。实际上，这是指信息包进入译码器的次序和它们被服务器发送的次序是不同的。请注意，再复接器并不使得对于只带一个PID的输送信息流(例如图象)的特技模式的支持复杂化，因为再复接器要把带一个PID的信息包重新排序是不允许的。
发明目的和概要
本发明的目的是对在网络环境中MPEG-2输送信息流和节目信息流的特技模式提供支持。
为此，本发明提供了一种接收来自发射机的压缩的电视信号的方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：在译码和重现所述信号以前把所接收的信号存储在等待时间缓存器；在有暂停命令时中断信号的重现；在上述暂停命令之后当等待时间缓存器达到预定的第一占满度时，向发射机发出请求以中断信号的发送；在再开始命令出现时，再开始信号的重现；以及在上述再开始命令之后当等待时间缓存器到达预定的第二占满度时，向发射机发出请求以便再开始信号的发送。
由此可以实现让译码器吸收在“暂停”命令发出后由网络传递的所有比特。为了成功地继续信息流，译码器要求服务器在它停止信息流的相同位置处继续此信息流。这对于保持MPEG-2数据的连续性是必要的。缓存器容量应当足够大，以吸收在“暂停”命令后被传递给译码器的所有比特。此外，缓存器应当足够大，以便在“再开始”命令以后提供足够的比特供译码处理用，直到来自服务器的比特到达为止。这就是指，缓存器应当足够大以容纳最坏情况的两倍的网络等待时间。
对于这种方法，“暂停”和“再开始”命令的发送是以等待时间缓存器的充满度为条件的。等待时间缓存器通过译码处理以0＜R＜Rmax比特/秒的比特率被腾空。当译码处理在进行时，缓存器的充满度随之成为常数。当译码处理停止时，缓存器的充满度以R比特/秒的速率增加。当缓存器充满度通过半满的标记时，就向服务器发送“暂停”命令。“暂停”命令可以是“立刻暂停”命令，或可以规定一个其数值等于“现在加最坏情况网络等待时间”的时间代码。由于网络等待时间，缓存器逐渐被填充，直到服务器停止发送比特为止。然后缓存器的充满度又随之成为常数。当译码处理继续时，缓存器的充满度降低。当它降到标记线以下时，“再开始”命令被发送给服务器。缓存器的充满度继续减小，直到第一比特从网络被传递为止。
本发明集中在两种特技模式上，即“暂停/继续”和“慢动作”。对于“暂停/继续”所需要的功能为，用户可及时地在任何一点上暂停显示且以后可无断裂地继续。最好是中断可立即实现，即可在当前所显示的帧/场处实施，而继续则应当在下一帧发生而没有任何丢失或重复的帧。“暂停和继续”包括从译码器把“暂停”和“再开始”命令传送到服务器以停止和继续信息流。对于“慢动作”所需要的功能为，用户可以在比正常重放速度慢的速度下看到数据流。译码器应当能在慢动作模式和正常重放模式之间切换。切换应当立即实施而没有任何丢失或重复的帧。“慢动作”也包括从译码器把“暂停”和“再开始”信息传送给服务器以停止和开始信息流。
本发明的这些和其它方面从在此后描述的实施例来看将很明显，且参照这些实施例予以阐述。
附图概述
图1显示了包括按照本发明的视频点播服务器和机上附加盒的系统。
图2显示了由图1所示的视频点播服务器所发送的电视信号的例子。
图3显示了由服务器和接收机实行的运行步骤的流程图。
图4显示了说明接收机运行的时序图。
图5示意性地显示了图1所示的等待时间缓存器的充满度。
优选实施例的描述
图1显示了包括通过网络3连接的视频点播(VOD)服务器1和机上附加盒(STB)2的系统。VOD服务器包括存储介质11和VOD控制器12。STB包括MPEG译码器21，STB控制器22和(远程)控制(遥控)单元23，并被连接到重放装置4。等待时间缓存器24被连接在机上附加盒输入端和MPEG译码器21之间。缓存器充满度F被加到STB控制器22。来自遥控单元23的用户命令也被加到STB控制器22，只要这些命令是要由服务器采取行动的，就通过网络3把它们作为控制信号CTRL发送到VOD控制器12。一个所选定的电视节目以MPEG输送信息流TS的形式由服务器1发送到STB2。
多个电视节目被存储在存储介质11中，它通常是硬盘阵列。从STB观点看，服务器起到远端录象机的作用。所存储的电视节目可以用各种不同速度重放，暂停和再开始。通常，暂停和再开始重放节目的位置是受限制的，取决于信号以何种物理方式存储。例如，位置必须相应于盘扇区或盘圆柱体边界。因为信号是被压缩的，即盘空间总量随图象不同而变化，因而再开始位置在重放时间上是不规则地分布的。
通常，电视节目包括一个视频信号，几个音频信号和用不同语言表示的字幕的附加数据。为简单起见，这里将假定从服务器发送到STB的电视节目只包括一个音频信号A和一个视频信号V。因此，输送信息流包括音频信息包和视频信息包。
图2显示了由服务器发送给STB的输送信息流TS的例子。输送信息流包括音频信息包A1，A2，A3等和视频信息包V1，V2，V3等。每个信息包包括信息头和有用负载。信息头包括信息包识别号(PID)，它标识信息包载送的是音频数据还是视频数据。请注意，输送信息流TS可包括各种不同的电视节目。所以要发送节目对应表以表明哪些PID组成相关的节目。在本例中，输送信息流TS只传送所选定的节目。
现在将参照图3集中地解释服务器和STB的运行，图3显示了由STB(图左侧)和服务器(图右侧)实行的操作步骤的流程图。在步骤31，在t＝t1时STB收到暂停命令，并停止信号的重放，即图象显示被冻结及音频的重放被停止。同时，网络仍传送比特而等待时间缓存器的充满度F增加。
在步骤32，STB控制器检验缓存器充满度是否达到一个预定值，例如F＝1/2B，其中B是缓存器容量。如果是这种情况，则控制器在t＝t2时发送暂停命令给服务器。在步骤33，由于网络的等待时间有一个延时τ1，在t＝t3时暂停命令被服务器接收到。根据此暂停命令，服务器立即中断信号的发送。步骤34表示，由于网络的等待时间τ2，在t＝t4时，中断在接收机端的信号接收。
在步骤35，在t＝t5时，STB根据来自用户的再开始命令重新开始信号的重放。结果，等待时间缓存器的充满度F减小。
在步骤36，STB控制器检验缓存器充满度是否达到预定值F＝1/2B。如果是这种情况，控制器在t＝t6时发送再开始命令给服务器。在步骤37，经过延时τ3，在t＝t7时服务器收到再开始命令。根据此再开始命令，服务器立即在信号发送被中断的位置再开始信号的发送。步骤38表示，经过延时τ4，在t＝t8时在接收机端接收再开始的信号。应当注意，t1-t4的各延时不一定相等。它们也不需要在所有时间都是恒定不变的。
图4显示了在系统中的各个不同点处的信号的时序图。更具体地，TS1表示由服务器发送的输送信息流，TS2表示由STB接收的输送信息流，而DSP表示重放信号。参考数字40表示在比特信息流的接收和比特信息流的重放之间由等待时间缓存器所引入的延时。缓存器容量假定为12个信息包。在现在的静止的情形中，假定有4个信息包在缓存器中。
在t＝t1时，重放被暂停，这使得缓存器充满度增大。在t＝t2时，当又有2个信息包进到缓存器时，缓存器充满度等于缓存器容量的一半因而暂停命令被发送给服务器。在t＝t3时，服务器接收到暂停命令并中断发送信号，而在接收机端则在t＝t4时表现出这一情况。这时缓存器充满度保持为常数。
在t＝t5时，STB接收到再开始命令并再开始重放，这使得缓存器充满度减小。参考数字41表示这时被译码和重现的信息包。在t＝t6时，当5个信息包从缓存器被读出时，缓存器充满度再次等于缓存器容量的一半，再开始命令就被发送给服务器。在t＝t7时，服务器接收到再开始命令并且重新开始发送信号，在t＝t8时，在接收机端表现出这一情况。参考数字42表示在再开始重现以后在比特信息流的接收和重放之间的延时。这时的延时相当于1个信息包。
为了完整起见，图5显示了对于以上说明的例子的等待时间缓存器充满度。对此图的进一步解释就没有必要了。
总之，本发明涉及把MPEG编码的电视信号从视频点播服务器(1)通过网络(3)发送到接收机(2)。考虑到典型的网络情况，例如网络等待时间，诸如“暂停”和“再开始”这样的非线性重放功能需要对比特信息流作非常精确的控制。接收机(2)含有等待时间缓存器(24)，用于存储在重现停止时传来的信号。来自用户的“暂停”和“再开始”命令在等待时间缓存器达到预定的充满度之前不会发送到服务器。这就允许接收机在暂停后再开始无断裂的信号重放。

Claims (4)

1.一种接收来自发射机的压缩电视信号的方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
在译码和重放所述信号以前把所接收的信号存储在等待时间缓存器中；
在暂停命令时，中断对信号的重放；
当等待时间缓存器在所述暂停命令之后到达预定的第一占满度时，向发射机发出请求，以中断信号的发送；
在再开始命令出现时，再开始信号的重放；以及
当等待时间缓存器在所述再开始命令之后到达预定的第二占满度时，向发射机发出请求，以便再开始发送信号。
2.权利要求1所要求的方法，其特征在于，其中所述第一和所述第二占满度相当于所述等待时间缓存器的容量的一半。
3.一种用于接收来自发射机的压缩电视信号的接收机，其特征在于，它包括对所述电视信号进行解码和重放的装置，接收用户可操作命令以便控制接收机操作的装置，在译码和重放所接收的信号以前用于存储接收信号的等待时间缓存器，以及控制装置，用于：
在暂停命令时，中断对信号的重放；
当等待时间缓存器在所述暂停命令之后到达预定的第一占满度时，向发射机发出请求，以中断信号的发送；
在再开始命令时，再开始对信号的重放；以及
当等待时间缓存器在所述再开始命令之后到达预定第二占满度时，向发射机发出请求，以便重新开始发送信号。
4.权利要求3所要求的接收机，其特征在于，其中所述第一和所述第二占满度相当于所述等待时间缓存器的容量的一半。
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